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117-476: Garowe is situated in the Nugaal Valley, bounded by gradually ascending high plateaus that generally reach elevations of 500 to 1,000 metres (1,600 to 3,300 feet) above sea level on the north, west, and south. The western part of the same plateau is crossed by numerous valleys and dry watercourses. Raising livestock forms the basis of the economy, and frankincense and myrrh are collected from the wild trees. During

234-1084: A BA degree summa cum laude in Economics from the Somali National University in 1984. Gaas later moved to the United States for his post-graduate studies, and in 1988, he obtained an MA degree in Economics from Vanderbilt University as an AFGRAD Fellow. He then was a Bradley Fellow at George Mason University , first in the Department of Economics between 1994 and 1995, then at the Center for Study of Public Choice between 1995 and 1998. He also conducted his doctoral research at this university where obtained his PhD degree in economics in 2000. Besides this, in 1999, he furthermore obtained an MA degree in Public Administration from Harvard Kennedy School and

351-495: A European Union delegation led by EU Envoy to Somalia Michele Cervone d'Urso. The meeting concluded with an agreement by the EU officials to assist the new Puntland administration in strengthening its security sector. Additionally, the representatives indicated that the EU would start allocating directly to Puntland its share of development funds earmarked for Somalia. In October 2014, Gaas met again with EU Special Envoy Cervone d'Urso at

468-484: A hot desert climate ( Köppen climate classification BWh ). As such, the weather is generally hot, sunny and dry. Coldest average temperatures occur during the months of November to February, when thermometer readings range from 23 to 25 °C (73.4 to 77.0 °F). The weather slowly heats up in the spring, as the April rainy season begins. Average temperatures later reach a maximum of around 41 °C or 105.8 °F over

585-672: A Certificate in Taxation from Harvard Law School . In a professional capacity, Gaas served as a Director in the Excise Tax Department of Somalia's federal Ministry of Finance and Revenue in the mid- to late 1980s. Between 1988 and 1991, he was an Assistant Director in Research and Statistics at the Ministry of Finance and Revenue. He later moved to Niagara County in New York state, where he

702-549: A UNODC delegation. A multi-tiered security complex, the compound features classrooms, staff quarters and offices. A new bureau for the Puntland Ministry of Justice and Rehabilitation was also opened. Additionally, the officials laid down the foundation for a new prison facility that is being constructed in the city. They later did the same in January 2013 for a new Ministry of Civil Aviation and Airports office. The area also features

819-678: A United Arab Emirates delegation at the Puntland Maritime Police Force base on the outskirts of Bosaso, including UAE Ambassador to Somalia Mohamed Al-Othman and senior heads of the Dubai Port Wall (DP). The representatives discussed a number of bilateral issues such as the ongoing renovations and expansion of the Port of Bosaso and maritime security. Additionally, the officials touched on investments in Puntland's constituent provinces, which

936-478: A board of directors, which consists of religious scholars ( ulema ), businesspeople, intellectuals and traditional elders. Garowe is served by one major medical institution, Garowe Regional Hospital, in addition to numerous smaller health clinics. In 2008, the foundations were laid for the construction of a new general hospital, built with assistance from the Somali Manhal agency. Additionally, in conjunction with

1053-469: A ceremony at the state capital Garowe. The event was attended by a number of dignitaries, including former Puntland Presidents Abdirahman Mohamed Farole and Mohamud Muse Hersi , Jubaland President Ahmed Mohamed Islam (Madobe), Galmudug President Abdi Hasan Awale Qeybdiid , former prime minister of Somalia Ali Mohammed Ghedi , federal MPs, ambassadors from Djibouti , Ethiopia and Turkey , UN Special Representative for Somalia Nicholas Kay , members of

1170-683: A conference of all notablels of the sultanate in Bargal , In 7. April 1889 in Alula, Somalia , Boqor Osman entered into a treaty with Italy, making his kingdom a protectorate known as Italian Somaliland . In the years following the treaty the protectorate was however rather nominal due to Italian warships tasked with maintaining contact with the sultan visiting so rarely & irregularly. Piracy, looting of crashed steamships, weapons trade & slave trade could be carried out with almost no consequences. His second cousin and rival Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid had signed

1287-528: A construction project that was implemented by the municipal authorities. According to the Nugal province Governor Abdullahi Aw-Isse, the highway links the city's eastern neighborhoods with the downtown area, and aims to buttress the ongoing local infrastructure and commercial development initiatives. It is the eighth bitumen road completed in the town since 2014, with the Garowe municipality aiming to convert to asphalt all of

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1404-476: A contract to build a new airport in Garowe. The construction project was organized by the Puntland aviation and finance ministries, with the Kuwait Fund providing assistance. Four companies were reportedly awarded the contract, with the tender winner(s) scheduled to be officially announced in April of the year. Mire Aware Stadium is sporting facility with a crowd capacity of over 15,000 spectators. In 2010, hosted

1521-817: A five-year development plan for Puntland, strengthened bilateral cooperation with the United Arab Emirates and Australia , launched new road, airport and seaport development initiatives in Bosaso and other local areas in conjunction with Djibouti , China and UNHABITAT officials, and successfully concluded the Galgala campaign against the Al-Shabaab militant group. He also signed a 12-point bilateral agreement in Garowe with Prime Minister of Somalia Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed , which officially reaffirms Puntland's boundaries, agrees to form

1638-489: A follow-up three-day retreat in Garowe to review the 2014 Government Action Plan. The interactive event was the first of its kind in Somalia, and was broadcast live on local media. It focused on transparently assessing progress on the Puntland administration's pledges, identifying challenges, setting priorities for 2015, and developing strategies to ameliorate performance and speed up service delivery. In August 2014, Gaas met with

1755-534: A key role in research and funding for the development of peace and effective governance initiatives in Puntland. Additionally, the Puntland Agency For Social Welfare (PASWE) is headquartered here. Founded in May 2009 by the regional administration, it provides medical, educational and counseling support to vulnerable groups and individuals such as orphans, the disabled and the blind. PASWE is overseen by

1872-516: A new international seaport in Puntland. The government of Djibouti will provide facilitation during the assessment. Other transportation projects in Puntland that are concurrently in development include the construction of an international airport in the commercial hub of Bosaso. In November 2014, Gaas also conferred with UNHABITAT Head of Office for Somalia Dragan Tatic on the completion of roads and houses in Bosaso, as well as water development projects in

1989-502: A new office in Garowe. The firm provides Sharia compliant insurance for real estate properties and vehicles. In April 2013, the Puntland Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources officially inaugurated a new fish market in Garowe. Constructed in conjunction with the UK authorities and the UNDP, it is part of a larger regional development plan which will see two other similar marketplaces launched within

2106-411: A number of castles and forts in various areas within its realm, including a fortress at Murcanyo . The Majeerteen Sultanate's ruler, however, commanded more power than was typical of other Somali leaders during the period. As the primus inter pares , Boqor Osman taxed the harvest of aromatic trees and pearl fishing along the seaboard. He retained prior rights on goods obtained from ship wrecks on

2223-476: A number of academic institutions and facilities. According to the Puntland Ministry of Education, there are 30 primary schools in the Garowe District. Among these are Al Xikma, Mayle, Wabari and Darwiish, named after Diiriye Guure 's Dervish State . Secondary schools in the area include Alwaha, Gambol, Nawawi and Nugal High. Puntland State University 's main campus is also located here. The school grew out of

2340-461: A priority for his government. On 27 January 2014, ahead of the announcement of a new Cabinet, President Gaas hosted a luncheon for Members of the Puntland Parliament at the state capital Garowe. The meeting was held at the national assembly building and was also attended by Puntland Vice President Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar and Parliament Speaker Said Hassan Shire . President Gaas briefed

2457-433: A signed agreement between Prime Minister Gaas, TFG President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Speaker of Parliament Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden , Puntland President Abdirahman Mohamud Farole , Galmudug President Mohamed Ahmed Alim and Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a representative Khalif Abdulkadir Noor stipulating that: a) a new 225 member bicameral parliament would be formed, with a lower house and an upper house seating 54 Senators; b) 30% of

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2574-527: A similar agreement vis-a-vis his own Sultanate of Hobyo the year before. Both Boqor Osman and Sultan Kenadid had entered into the protectorate treaties to advance their own expansionist goals, with Sultan Kenadid looking to use Italy's support in his ongoing power struggle with Boqor Osman over the Majeerteen Sultanate, as well as in a separate conflict with the Omani Sultan of Zanzibar over an area to

2691-454: A strong centralized authority during its existence, and possessed all of the organs and trappings of an integrated modern state: a functioning bureaucracy, a hereditary nobility, titled aristocrats, a state flag, as well as a professional army. Both sultanates also maintained written records of their activities, which still exist. The Majeerteen Sultanate's main capital was at Alula , with its seasonal headquarters at Bargal . It likewise had

2808-481: A total of 53 federal ministers. On 4 July 2011, in one of his first policy initiatives, Gaas appointed a national committee to tackle the severe drought that was then affecting large parts of the country and the larger East Africa region. The committee consisted of several federal-level members of government, including the Ministers of Defense, Health, Interior, Finance, Public Works, Women's Affairs and Information. It

2925-627: A united and inclusive national army, and establishes parliamentary committees consisting of Federal and Puntland representatives to ensure equitable allocation of resources and oversee eventual Provisional Constitution talks. Additionally, Ali led Puntland delegations at global business and development conferences in Ethiopia and the United Kingdom , with the goal of highlighting the regional state's commercial potential, establishing business partnerships, and securing funding and mega development projects in

3042-465: A viable compromise candidate. He later arrived in Puntland to confer with political and clan leaders in Galkayo and Qardho so as to strengthen ties with the opposition and secure new supporters. On 8 January 2014, the first and second rounds of voting saw 9 of the 11 presidential contenders eliminated from the running, with Gaas and incumbent Puntland President Abdirahman Mohamud Farole left to face off in

3159-455: Is a large kingdom, and it extends over the Cape of Guardafuy, and there in that part another rules subject to Adel. It was a semi-nomadic Sultanate that appeared to have a strong seafaring tradition along the costal settlements. The sultanate rose to prominence during the 19th century, under the reign of the shrewd and resourceful Boqor (King) Osman Mahamuud . Due to consistent ship crashes along

3276-513: Is among the seven cities and towns earmarked for the reforestation initiative, which also include Bosaso , Dhahar , Qardho , Buuhoodle , Baran and Galkayo . The campaign is part of a broader partnership between the Puntland authorities and EU to set up various environmental protection measures in the region, with the aim of promoting reforestation and afforestation. In April 2015, the Takaful Insurance Company officially launched

3393-402: Is currently led by Ahmed Said Musse (Ahmedbarre) . He was elected by city councilors on August 29, 2018 On November 19, 2012, a ceremony was held in one of Garowe's government districts to mark the opening of the new local Corrections Academy and Headquarters. The event was inaugurated by former Puntland President Abdirahman Mohamud Farole and Vice President Abdisamad Ali Shire , along with

3510-478: Is intended to help the Puntland authorities strengthen their marine defense capabilities in keeping with the New Deal Compact's Somali Maritime and Resources Strategy. President Gaas welcomed the initiative, noting that marine cooperation with national and international stakeholders would impact activities on both sea and land, including coastal development projects. On 28 March 2014, Gaas met in Bosaso with

3627-552: Is traversed by a 750 km north–south highway. It connects major cities in the northern part of the country, such as Bosaso and Galkayo, with towns in the south. In 2012, the Puntland Highway Authority (PHA) completed rehabilitation work on the central artery linking Garowe with Galkayo. The transportation body also began an upgrade and repair project in June 2012 on the large Garowe–Bosaso Highway . Additionally, plans are in

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3744-741: The Galgala campaign . Additionally, the delegations discussed the New Deal conference in Copenhagen slated to take place in November 2014. On 27 March 2014, a Puntland government delegation including President Gaas and cabinet ministers met with EU representatives aboard a NATO ship. The meeting concluded with an announcement by the European Union officials that the EU would begin training Puntland Maritime Police Force units in Djibouti . The new training schedule

3861-794: The Journal of Business and Economics Research , International Advances in Economic Research , and the Journal of Public Choice . In 2001, his paper titled "Political stability, stable economic policies and growth: An empirical investigation" that was published in the Atlantic Economic Journal was given the year's Best Article Award. On 12 June 2010, Gaas was appointed the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia's Minister of Planning and International Cooperation as well as one of several deputy prime ministers. Selected for

3978-523: The Khatumo State administration, Ahmed Elmi Osman (Karaash) and Abdinur Elmi Qaaje (Biindho), were named Puntland Minister of Interior and Minister of Fisheries, respectively. Ali Haji Warsame and Shire Haji Farah , two candidates who had participated in the just concluded Puntland presidential elections, were also appointed to the Cabinet, with Warsame assigned the Ministry of Education portfolio and Farah

4095-512: The Prime Minister of Somalia from June 2011 to October 2012, and briefly afterwards as an MP in the newly formed Federal Parliament . During his time as premier, Ali is credited with having devised the formal "Roadmap for the End of Transition", a political process that provided clear benchmarks leading toward the establishment of permanent democratic institutions in the country. On 8 January 2014, he

4212-510: The Puntland Constitution , and called for collaboration in the development and security sectors. For his part, Farole indicated that he accepted the outcome of the election, and felicitated Ali on his victory. Farole also reminded Gaas of the responsibility now bestowed upon him as leader, urging the new President-elect to prioritize Puntland's interests and calling on all government officials, workers and security forces to cooperate with

4329-528: The 19th century, Garowe and much of northeastern Somalia were an integral part of the Majeerteen Sultanate , ruled by Boqor Osman Mahamud , and Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid of the Sultanate of Hobyo . The city would later be incorporated into Italian Somaliland during the colonial period. Following independence, Garowe was made a district center of Nugaal . The city would subsequently be reassigned in

4446-577: The Garowe School of Management, a women's college in Garowe offering courses in business management, accounting, computer skills and business English. Following the graduation of 60 pupils in its inaugural year, the school was expanded to observe a two-year structure and renamed the Puntland Community College (PCC). In 2004, the PCC again expanded its syllabus, this time offering four-year programs; it

4563-452: The Italian government, the Puntland authorities opened another hospital in the city. In 2009, a local non-profit organization also established the region's first mental health facility. In June 2014, the Puntland government launched a new tree-planting campaign in the state, with the regional Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism slated to plant 25,000 trees by the end of the year. Garowe

4680-452: The King's instructions. The latter included tax collection, which typically came in the form of the obligatory Muslim alms ( seko or sako ) ordinarily tithed by Somalis to the poor and religious clerics ( wadaads ). Established in 1998, the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia now administers much of the former territories of the Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia). Rulers of

4797-456: The Majeerteen Sultanate's administration. With the gradual extension into northern Somalia of Italian colonial rule, both Kingdoms were eventually annexed in the early 20th century. However, unlike the southern territories, the northern sultanates were not subject to direct rule due to the earlier treaties they had signed with the Italians. The Sultanate of Hobyo, the Majeerteen Sultanate exerted

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4914-504: The Majeerteen Sultanate: [REDACTED] Media related to Majeerteen Sultanate at Wikimedia Commons Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Gaas ( Somali : Cabdiweli Maxamad Cali Gaas pronounced [ʕabdiweli maħamad ʕali gaːs] ; Arabic : عبدالولي محمد علي گاس‎ ; English pronunciation ), also more known as Abdiweli Gaas , is a Somali American economist and politician. He served as

5031-590: The Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Health buildings, as well as the Puntland State House. A new presidential palace was likewise opened on April 16, 2013. On 8 January 2014, the Puntland presidential elections were held in the city, with former Prime Minister of Somalia Abdiweli Mohamed Ali voted into office. In February 2015, the Garowe Municipality also launched a new house numbering system in

5148-534: The Ministry of Finance office. The erstwhile Chairman of the Midnimo political association, Saadiq Enow, was in turn named Minister of Health. Additionally, Hassan Osman Mohamud Aloore, the former Minister of Petroleum under the Hersi administration, was given the Ministry of Security portfolio. The new Minister of Women, Anisa Abdulkadir Haji Mumin , and Minister of Constitution, Sahra Saed Nour, were likewise among five women in

5265-592: The Ministry of Labour, Youth and Sports in conjunction with the European Union and World Vision launched the Nugal Empowerment for Better Livelihood Project in the Garowe, Dangorayo, Eyl, Godobjiran and Burtinle districts of Puntland. The three-year initiative is valued at $ 3 million EUR, and is part of the New Deal Compact for Somalia. It aims buttress the regional economic sector through business support, training and non-formal education programs, community awareness workshops, and mentoring and networking drives. Garowe

5382-654: The National Constituent Assembly (NCA) is earmarked for women; c) the President is to be appointed via a constitutional election; and d) the Prime Minister is selected by the President and he/she then names his/her Cabinet. On 23 June 2012, the Somali federal and regional leaders met again and approved a draft constitution after several days of deliberation. The National Constituent Assembly overwhelmingly passed

5499-506: The PMPF's official training program since the force's formation in 2010. In April 2014, the Puntland Ministry of Finance announced that the Puntland government would start taxation of UN and international organizations working in the regional state. According to the head of the Nugal tax department Abdiwahab Farah Ali, this is the first such initiative undertaken in Puntland, and is expected to raise available revenue for local development projects by

5616-463: The Presidential Palace of Puntland. Yusuf previously served as a good governance consultant to the Somali central government during Gaas' term as Prime Minister of Somalia. Gaas concurrently held his first press conference as Puntland President, during which he announced that he was in the process of forming a lean cabinet. He indicated that he would consult with the electorate before unveiling

5733-478: The Puntland Ministry of Public Works and the Puntland Highway Authority, and local contractors will receive on-the-job training to upgrade their skills. Local air transport needs are served by Garowe International Airport , a major airport situated about 12 km from the city center. It was officially opened in 2010 under the aegis of the Ministry for Civil Aviation and Airports. The first phase of

5850-399: The Puntland State House in Garowe. The officials discussed various EU-financed development initiatives that are underway in Puntland, including education, health care and environmental protection projects. They also touched on the ongoing federalization and national reconciliation talks in Somalia, maritime and regional security, and the Puntland forces' victory over Al-Shabaab insurgents during

5967-528: The Puntland and Yemeni governments with President of Yemen Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi . The meeting was held at the presidential palace in Sana'a , and was also attended by a number of ministers from the Puntland regional administration. The delegations touched on bilateral trade, economic investments, security and international issues. According to the Presidential Office, the gathering concluded with an agreement by

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6084-662: The Puntland authorities to open a consulate in Sana'a, with the Yemeni government likewise agreeing to open its own consulate in the Puntland region. On 21 May 2014, Gaas chaired a one-day roundtable meeting on the Puntland regional state's development priorities and targets at the Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) in Garowe. The gathering was attended by officials from various national and international bodies as well as key partners, including representatives from

6201-514: The Puntland government under President Gaas to establish new seaports in the region. The initiative is part of a campaign pledge by Gaas to focus on tapping into Puntland's commercial potential through various development projects. According to Salah, he met in Djibouti with representatives from an international construction firm headquartered in China, who are scheduled to soon conduct a project evaluation for

6318-756: The Somali Federal Government, Turkey, Sweden, World Bank, United Nations, European Union, African Union and IGAD. Gaas opened the conference with a briefing of his administration's development goals for the next five years, which would be centered on economic growth, health, education and security. Ambassador Mahamet Saleh Annadif, the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission (SRCC) for Somalia, also commended Puntland on its democratization process and emphasized

6435-564: The Somali National Football Tournament, the first nationwide football competition held since 1987 and the ensuing outbreak of the civil war. Organized by the Puntland administration in conjunction with the Somali Football Federation , the tournament also marked the first time that the event was held outside of Mogadishu . Various media organizations are based in Garowe. Puntland TV and Radio has offices in

6552-546: The Somali expatriate community and Puntland public, and US, AU and IGAD representatives. In his inaugural speech, Gaas outlined his intention to prioritize the security sector in order to create an environment conducive for investment. He also indicated that his administration would facilitate commercial development and trade by renovating and growing the region's existing transport infrastructure, and would seek to tap into Puntland's natural resources through inclusive cooperation. Additionally, Gaas pledged to deliver social services in

6669-471: The Sultans conceded to a minimum of oversight and economic concessions. The Italians also agreed to dispatch a few ambassadors to promote both the sultanates' and their own interests. The new protectorates were thereafter managed by Vincenzo Filonardi through a chartered company . An Anglo-Italian border protocol was later signed on 5 May 1894, followed by an agreement in 1906 between Cavalier Pestalozza and General Swaine acknowledging that Baran fell under

6786-414: The Supreme Court and Islamic scholars. On 4 February 2014, Puntland lawmakers approved the new state Cabinet during a session at the parliament hall in Garowe. Moments before the vote of confidence took place, President Ali briefed the present legislators on his government's plans and priorities. All 55 MPs present in the 66-seat chamber subsequently voted in favor of the new Council of Ministers. Ali thanked

6903-421: The UAE Ambassador to Somalia Mohamed Al Osmani to discuss bilateral relations. Al Osmani asserted that his government would continue supporting progress by Puntland's new leadership. A Puntland presidential office representative also indicated that both parties had reached an agreement stipulating that the UAE government would continue supporting the Puntland Maritime Police Force. The Emirati authorities have funded

7020-615: The UAE government pledged it would make. In June 2014, Puntland President Gaas along with Bosaso Mayor Hassan Abdallah Hassan and other Puntland state officials inaugurated a new 5.9 km paved road in Bosaso. The construction project leads to the Port of Bosaso , and was completed in conjunction with UNHABITAT. According to Gaas, his administration plans to invest at least 23 million Euros in contributions from international partners in similar road infrastructure development initiatives. In August 2014, Puntland Transport and Seaports Minister Abdullahi Jama Salah announced ongoing efforts by

7137-435: The administrative capital. The initiative saw unique numerical digits assigned to each residential and commercial street address, as well as to land plots. Additionally, the Garowe Municipality launched a citywide cleaning campaign in March 2015. The government-public partnership is aimed at beautifying and sanitizing the Horsed suburb and other areas in the Puntland regional state's administrative capital. Among other activities,

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7254-467: The airport's construction was completed through a public-private partnership over a period of seven years, with the Garowe-based Mubarak construction company having assisted significantly in completing the project. The airport also attempts to adhere to the air transport standards established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). In March 2015, a business meeting was held in Dubai to evaluate tenders from various firms that are bidding for

7371-404: The areas of free education, health and women's development, and highlighted the importance of strengthening relations with the federal government. He likewise gave a 100-day window for the unity conference for Puntland's various constituencies, vowing to revive the "spirit of 1998" when Puntland state was established. On 15 January 2014, Gaas appointed Deeq Sulaiman Yusuf as the new Director of

7488-450: The authorities more easily distinguish legitimate fishermen from possible pirate suspects. In addition, FAO representative to Somalia Luca Alinovi noted that the database will enable fishermen to work in a secure environment. According to the New York Anti-Piracy Trust Fund, more than 3,100 fishermen already registered in the new biometric database over the previous 12 months. In March 2014, President Gaas discussed bilateral cooperation with

7605-413: The business community, intellectuals and other civil society representatives, the autonomous Puntland State of Somalia was subsequently officially established so as to deliver services to the population, offer security, facilitate trade, and interact with both domestic and international partners. Garowe is situated in northeastern Somalia, in the heart of the Puntland region. Nearby settlements include to

7722-475: The campaign saw residents construct gabions and fill gullies in some areas of the city. The broader Garowe District has an estimated total population of 190,000 residents. The city of Garowe is inhabited by Somalis from the Darod clan, especially, the Majerteen , Leelkase , Dhulbahante , Mehri and Awrtable with a population of Madhibaan living in the city as well. The city also hosts huge number of internally dispalced persons (IDPs). Garowe has

7839-469: The city's streets. In March 2015, Ali in conjunction with EU Ambassador to Somalia Michele Cervone d’Urso and German Ambassador to Somalia Andreas Peschke also launched the Sustainable Road Maintenance Project. Part of the New Deal Compact for Somalia, the initiative's implementation is facilitated by 17.75 million Euros and 3 million Euros provided by the EU and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), respectively. Among other objectives,

7956-498: The city, the new protection force was also tasked with combating banditry and other vices. In October 2011, a coordinated operation between the Somalian military and the Kenyan military referred to as Linda Nchi began, with Kenyan troops crossing the border into southern Somalia in pursuit of Al-Shabaab militants that are alleged to have kidnapped several foreign tourists and workers inside Kenya. Prime Minister Ali along with President of Somalia Sharif Ahmed initially opposed

8073-403: The city. Radio Garowe , the sister outlet to Garowe Online , is also centered here. In May 2013, the broadcaster launched an additional FM station in Bosaso. Radio Daljir, Puntland's largest radio station, also has a studio in Garowe, with its main headquarters in Bosaso. The broadcaster's network of 7 FM transmitters reaches most of Puntland as well as part of the neighboring Galmudug region to

8190-461: The coast. The Sultanate also exerted authority over the control of woodland and pastureland, and imposed both land and stock taxes. According to official reports from 1924 commissioned by the Regio Governo della Somalia Italiana, the Majeerteen Sultanate maintained robust commercial activities before the Italian occupation of the following year. The Sultanate reportedly exported 1,056,400 Indian Rupees (IR) worth of commodities, 60% of which came from

8307-429: The commercial sector, Gaas noted the importance of tax revenue, reminding the local business community to fulfill its tax obligations. He also indicated that effective policies were scheduled for the payment of civil service salaries. Gaas likewise announced that he would hold a reconciliation conference for Puntland's various constituencies, describing the initiative as the first step in his administration's action plan and

8424-495: The delegations issued a joint communique pledging coordinated military, political and diplomatic support for the mission, requesting that AMISOM peacekeepers police areas captured from Al-Shabaab, and that the International Criminal Court (ICC) begin formal investigations against the group's commanders. In addition, Prime Minister Gaas urged the international community to support the joint operation, and stated that

8541-629: The deployment of Kenyan troops into the country, as they felt it was a breach of an earlier joint defence pact reached with the Kenyan government that limited Kenya's support to logistical activities. On 31 October, a Somalian delegation led by Prime Minister Ali met in Nairobi with the Kenyan Premier Raila Odinga and other government officials to iron out differences and to outline a joint strategy vis-a-vis Operation Linda Nchi. After lengthy talks,

8658-788: The diaspora, and women and youth. During his 20-minute speech, Gaas touched on his development plan for the region, which he indicated would focus on institution building, good governance, security, justice, economy and reconciliation. While commending previous Puntland administrations for having established an effective state security structure, he wavered to further strengthen the sector by ensuring that all regional security processes were government-led. Gaas also indicated that he intended to tap into existing institutional capacity building initiatives and opportunities, including sending government staff abroad for special skills training. Additionally, Gaas pledged to prioritize administrative transparency, as well as launch social campaigns on justice. With regard to

8775-629: The domestic front. The Majeerteen Sultanate was established by Somalis from the Majeerteen sub-clan of the Darod clan. The origins of the state can be traced back to the late 15th or early 16th century. Francisco Álvares , a Portuguese missionary and explorer who spent six years at the Portuguese embassy in Abyssinia , wrote about a ruler in the region of Cape Guardafui. The Kingdom of Adel (as they say)

8892-459: The early 1970s as the regional capital of an area consisting of Las Anod and Eyl . Straddling the Nugal Valley , this new administrative division would be named Nugal . Following the outbreak of the civil war in 1991, a homegrown constitutional conference was held in Garowe in 1998 over a period of three months. Attended by the area's political elite, traditional elders ( Issims ), members of

9009-447: The east Gillab (4.8 nm), to the northeast Qalqalooc (15.3 nm), to the north Libaax Seexay (2.5 nm), to the northwest Geida Debabo (12.2), to the west Bixin (5.9 nm), to the southwest Lugo (6.0 nm), to the south Salaxley (5.3 nm), and to the southeast War Weytan (9.7 nm). The largest cities most proximate to Garowe are Qardho (205 km), Galkayo (216 km) and Erigavo (275 km). Garowe has

9126-658: The energy, agricultural and security sectors. He also established a governmental committee to formulate an official money remittance policy for the Puntland regional state. Gaas is originally from Puntland state in northeastern Somalia. He holds both Somali and American citizenship . He is multilingual, being fluent in Somali , Arabic , Italian and English . Gaas is married to Hodan Isse , founder of HEAL, and university professor. The couple have four children. Gaas initially studied in Mogadishu , Somalia's capital. Here he earned

9243-536: The establishment of permanent democratic institutions in Somalia by mid-2012, when the Transitional Federal Government's mandate expired. In February 2012, the Premier and other Somali government officials met in the northeastern town of Garowe to discuss post-transition political arrangements. After extensive deliberations attended by regional actors and international observers, the conference ended in

9360-648: The gathered legislators about his government program, reiterating his focus on commercial development, security, reconciliation and institutional capacity building. On 28 January 2014, the Chief of Cabinet at the Presidential office, Deeq Suleiman Yusuf, announced President Gaas' new Council of Ministers at a press conference at the Puntland State House in Garowe. The new ministerial line-up consisted of 47 officials, including returning politicians, opposition figures, diaspora members and business leaders. Two former Presidents of

9477-535: The hard work and the national obligations done by my government then you will be giving me your votes." v was among the four contestants who made it to the second round of voting. However, he and another candidate subsequently dropped out, leaving former TFG president Sharif Sheikh Ahmed to contest the presidency with the eventual winner, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud . Gaas' term as Prime Minister of Somalia ended on 6 October 2012, when newly elected President Mohamud appointed entrepreneur and economist Abdi Farah Shirdon to

9594-556: The importance of the region's stability as well as its position as a role model for other federal states in Somalia. The roundtable meeting concluded with a joint press conference including EU Envoy to Somalia Ambassador Michele Cervone D'urso, during which President Gaas announced that the international representatives had agreed to support the Puntland administration's five-year development plan. Between 27–29 December 2014, Gaas, Puntland cabinet members, director generals, heads of agencies and departments, and senior government officials held

9711-459: The initiative as a flagship project aimed at advancing the local aviation sector. Ambassador Marcelli similarly hailed the development, which was originally launched in 2013 under the incumbency of erstwhile Puntland President Abdirahman Mohamed Farole. The China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation is now slated to upgrade the airport's existing gravel runway, pave it with asphalt, and convert it from 1.8 km to 2.65 km in accordance with

9828-424: The international community to support the Somali government's extant efforts aimed at developing its maritime defensive capacity, including the possibility of acquiring speed boats and warships to more effectively secure the country's extensive seaboard. Prime Minister Gaas has been credited with devising the formal "Roadmap for the End of Transition", a political process that provided clear benchmarks leading toward

9945-658: The local clans and establish the separate Sultanate of Hobyo (Obbia) in 1878. In the late 19th century, all extant Somali monarchs entered into treaties with one of the colonial powers, Abyssinia, Britain or Italy, except for the Dhulbahante , since the Italians considered part of the Dhulbahante subject of the Italian-protected Sultan of the Majeerteen. With the intermediation of Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid & after

10062-493: The mission "would be led by Somali forces with support of Kenyan forces". The two delegations also formed a joint high-level co-ordinating committee to maintain regular contacts between their respective governments. In early June 2012, Kenyan forces were formally integrated into AMISOM. Analysts expect the additional AU troop reinforcements to help the Somali authorities gradually expand their territorial control. On 7 August 2012, Prime Minister Gaas announced that his government

10179-516: The new Cabinet, which included three other female Deputy ministers. On 29 January 2014, Puntland's new Cabinet held its first meeting at the State House in Garowe. The Council of Ministers was officially sworn into office at the same venue on 1 February. The swearing-in function was attended by a number of public figures from the state, including the Vice President, Parliament Speaker, chairman of

10296-457: The new Puntland authorities. The decision is part of a pledge by Puntland President Abdiweli Mohamed Ali to increase the government's development funding in part through higher taxation. Toward this end, the Puntland authorities already increased taxes on commercial firms operating in the state in order to meet regional financing benchmarks. In May 2014, Puntland President Gaas made an official visit to Yemen to discuss bilateral cooperation between

10413-488: The new constitution on 1 August, with 96% voting for it, 2% against it, and 2% abstaining. In early August 2012, Prime Minister Gaas officially announced his intention to present himself as a presidential candidate in Somalia's 2012 elections . Speaking before a gathering of hundreds of supporters in Mogadishu, Gaas highlighted his administration's various achievements during its brief tenure, saying that "if you appreciate all

10530-461: The new council of ministers. Gaas also pledged to include more women in the incoming cabinet, and vowed to strengthen the security sector. Additionally, he asked for input and cooperation from the general public. On 15 January 2014, President Gaas engaged in a question and answer session with over 100 members of the public at the Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) in Garowe. The event included politicians, former cabinet ministers, members of

10647-551: The new thoroughfare aims to facilitate local transportation and movement. Puntland Minister of Public Works Mohamed Hersi also indicated that the Puntland authorities plan to build and repair other roads linking to the regional urban centers. In March 2015, Puntland President Ali inaugurated additional newly built, paved roads in Garowe. The streets were constructed by a local company through the JPLG program. Puntland President Ali also inaugurated another new two kilometer asphalt road in Garowe,

10764-457: The north of Warsheikh . In signing the agreements, the rulers also hoped to exploit the rival objectives of the European imperial powers so as to more effectively assure the continued independence of their territories. The terms of each treaty specified that Italy was to steer clear of any interference in the sultanates' respective administrations. In return for Italian arms and an annual subsidy,

10881-592: The northeastern Cape Guardafui headland, Boqor Osman's kingdom entered into an informal agreement with Britain , wherein the British agreed to pay the King annual subsidies to protect shipwrecked British crews and guard wrecks against plunder. The agreement, however, remained unratified, as the British feared that doing so would "give other powers a precedent for making agreements with the Somalis, who seemed ready to enter into relations with all comers." Osman Mahamuud's Kingdom

10998-582: The office. Following the establishment of the Federal Parliament of Somalia in August 2012, Gaas briefly served as an MP in the new legislature. He represented Galkayo constituency. In August 2013, Gaas launched a campaign to run for President of the autonomous Puntland state in the northeastern region's 2014 elections . After meeting with Puntland leaders in the UAE , opposition groups agreed that he would make

11115-399: The outgoing Puntland administration for its achievements, and vowed to continue and build on them. Wishing Farole well in his future endeavors, Ali also noted that his administration would benefit going forward from Farole's advice and support as a statesman. On 25 January 2014, Puntland President Gaas and Vice President Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar were officially inaugurated into office at

11232-534: The parliament for the endorsement, and reiterated his administration's commitment to good governance. On 27 March 2014, Puntland President Gaas in conjunction with representatives from the EU and FAO officially launched a new database for registering local fishermen. Referred to as the Fishermen Identification Database System, it is a $ 400,000 project financed by a Trust Fund from seven EU Member States. The database will provide fishermen in

11349-570: The position by the former premier Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed , he served as an integral part of a technocratic Cabinet. On 19 June 2011, Gaas was appointed the Acting Premier of Somalia after Prime Minister Mohamed abruptly resigned from office as part of a controversial agreement signed in Kampala between the President and the Parliament Speaker. A few days later, on 23 June 2011, Gaas

11466-436: The project aims to renovate the highway between Garowe and Galkayo, including funding refurbishments on the damaged segments of the road and construction of check dams and flood control structures. The initiative also involves a routine annual maintenance program, which focuses on side brushing, clearing bridges after floods, drainage and culvert clearance, and pothole filling. Additionally, the project will offer policy support to

11583-411: The region with a unique identification card. It uses biometric data, which can differentiate between the identities of individuals. Registering fishermen will allow the Puntland government to identify who fishes in its waters, and to ensure efficacious management of fisheries and sustainable resource use through the gathering of vital data. President Ali indicated that the system is also expected to help

11700-467: The region's new leadership. On 14 January 2014, former Puntland President Farole officially handed over power to his successor Gaas. The transfer ceremony was held at the Puntland State House in Garowe, with incumbent Puntland Vice President Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar , former Puntland Vice President Abdisamad Ali Shire , outgoing and erstwhile Puntland cabinet ministers, the Ethiopian consul-general in

11817-509: The region, UNSOM officials and other international representatives in attendance. During his hand over speech, Farole recapped the accomplishments of his administration, and noted a number of infrastructural development projects in the region that were scheduled for implementation. He also thanked all members of government for having worked for the greater communal good, and pledged to assist the incoming leadership with any advice and consultations should it require them. President Gaas in turn thanked

11934-569: The region. In December 2014, Gaas laid the foundation stone for a new runway at the Bender Qassim International Airport in Bosaso. The inauguration event was attended by cabinet ministers, legislators, traditional leaders, and various international officials, including tender winner China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation , financial partner and Ambassador of Italy to Somalia Farbizio Marcelli, and United Nations Office for Project Services representatives. Gaas described

12051-506: The regional Minister of Commerce also expressed support for entrepreneurs with investments earmarked for the petroleum, livestock and agriculture sectors. In October 2014, the firm Tawakal Money Express (Tawakal) also began construction of the four-storey Tawakal Plaza Garowe. The new high rise is slated to be completed by the end of 2015, and will feature a Tawakal Global Bank customer and financial services center, office spaces, multi-purpose rooms, and an upscale shopping mall. In March 2015,

12168-549: The sale of frankincense and other gums. Fish and other sea products sold for a total value of 250,000 IR, roughly equivalent to 20% of the Sultanate's aggregate exports. The remaining export proceeds came from livestock, with the export list of 1924 consisting of 16 items. In addition to a strong civil administration, the Majeerteen Sultanate maintained a regular army. Besides protecting the polity from both external and internal threats, military officials were tasked with carrying out

12285-806: The south. Additionally, Garowe has various places of accommodation. Among these hotels and guest houses is the Meka Hotel, situated downtown. Garowe is subdivided into several administrative areas: In November 2014, the Garowe Municipality announced that it was slated to meet with the Gebze Municipality in Turkey in order to finalize a sister city agreement between Garowe and Gebze . Majeerteen Sultanate The Majeerteen Sultanate ( Somali : Suldanadda Majeerteen , lit.   'Boqortooyada Majerteen', Arabic : سلطنة مجرتين ), or Majerteen Kingdom also known as Majeerteenia and Migiurtinia ,

12402-490: The summer period. Come September, a gradual moderation starts to set in again. Annual rainfall is low, averaging 133 millimetres or 5.2 inches. The sky is usually clear and bright throughout the year. Garowe is the third largest city in Puntland after Bosaso and Galkayo. Situated in the Nugal province in the geographical center of the region, it is the seat of the regional parliament , the presidential palace and government ministries’ headquarters. Garowe's municipal government

12519-490: The third round. Farole initially led the final round with 31 votes, with Ali receiving 18 votes. However, a late rally by Gaas saw him eventually win the election, narrowly defeating Farole by 33 votes to 32. The victory officially makes Gaas the 5th President of Puntland . In his acceptance speech, Gaas expressed gratitude for the opportunity as well as the work of the Farole administration. He also pledged to defend and adhere to

12636-583: The works to construct new roads connecting littoral towns in the region to the main thoroughfare. In October 2014, Puntland President Abdiweli Mohamed Ali laid down the foundation for a new highway connecting the presidential palace in Garowe with various other parts of the administrative capital. Financing for the project was provided by the Puntland government. According to the Head of the Puntland Highway Authority Mohamud Abdinur Adan,

12753-624: The year in Galkayo and Qardho . In March 2014, the Puntland Chamber of Commerce oversaw a launching event in Garowe for the construction of a new Iftin Bank. The function was attended by Somali business community officials and tycoons, whom the Chamber of Commerce Chairman Saed Hussein Eid encouraged to invest within the region. Highlighting Puntland's commercial potential, its natural resources and large reserves,

12870-482: Was a Somali kingdom centered in the Horn of Africa . Ruled by Boqor Osman Mahamuud during its golden age, the sultanate controlled the areas which are now called Puntland . The earliest mention of the kingdom is the 16th century. The polity had all of the organs of an integrated modern state and maintained a robust trading network. It also entered into treaties with foreign powers and exerted strong centralized authority on

12987-543: Was also renamed to Puntland State University (PSU). Other institutions of higher learning in the city include the Garowe Teachers Education College (GTEC), a primary teachers' training center that caters to the larger region. East Africa University (EAU) also has a Garowe branch, one of its seven campuses in Puntland. A number of NGOs also have their main offices in the city, including the local Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC). The PDRC plays

13104-416: Was an Associate Professor of Economics in the Department of Commerce of Niagara University , having joined the school in 2003. His main academic areas of concentration have been in public finance, public choice and international trade. Gaas' current research endeavors center around the impact that institutions have on economic growth. Gaas has written articles for many peer-reviewed journals, including

13221-461: Was elected the 5th President of the Puntland . During his tenure as the state's President, Gaas launched a new biometric fishery database, strengthened bilateral cooperation with the European Union in the security and development sectors, initiated taxation reform with regard to international organizations working in Puntland , established a new mutual consulate agreement with Yemen , finalized

13338-684: Was named permanent prime minister. Lawmakers welcomed Gaas' nomination and reaffirmed their opposition to and intention of repealing the Kampala Accord . In a session held on 28 June 2011, Members of Parliament overwhelmingly approved Ali's appointment as prime minister. 337 of the MPs endorsed the selection, while 2 voted against it and 2 abstained. On 23 July 2011, Parliament unanimously endorsed Prime Minister Gaas' selection of new Cabinet officials. The ministerial posts were expanded to include an additional 9 state ministers and 26 deputy ministers, bringing

13455-521: Was set to re-establish the Somali Navy , which had disbanded shortly after the outbreak of the civil war in the early 1990s. Speaking to reporters in the capital, the Premier indicated that his administration wanted to create a well-trained national marine force capable of efficiently patrolling Somalia's territorial waters and putting an end to the illegal plunder of the country's resources by foreign companies and nations. He also indicated that he had asked

13572-469: Was tasked with assessing and addressing the needs of the drought-impacted segments of the population. In August 2011, Prime Minister Gaas announced the creation of a new Special Force (SP) division of the Somali National Army (SNA). Consisting of 300 trained soldiers, the unit was initially mandated with protecting relief shipments and distribution centers in Mogadishu. Besides helping to stabilize

13689-593: Was under attack in the mid-19th century due to a power struggle between himself and his ambitious cousin, Yusuf Ali Kenadid . After almost five years of battle, the young upstart was terribly defeated and finally forced into exile in Yemen . A decade later, in the 1870s, Kenadid returned from the Arabian Peninsula with a band of Hadhrami musketeers and a group of devoted lieutenants. With their assistance along with aid and weaponry from Boqor Osman, he managed to overpower

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