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61-625: Gallup Park is a park on the Huron River in Ann Arbor, Michigan . Gallup Park is the busiest park in the Ann Arbor parks system, and features multiple amenities including a canoe livery , universal-access playgrounds , and a public boat launch . The park's pathways form a major component of the Border-to-Border Trail , a multi-use trail that spans Washtenaw County . Gallup Park is located on

122-683: A barge . One Chief Wawatam engine was salvaged and restored by the Wisconsin Maritime Museum . Other artifacts from the ferry, including the whistle, wheel, telegraphs, and furniture, are preserved by the Mackinac Island State Park Commission in Mackinaw City . Car floats also ran across the Detroit River to Windsor, Ontario, for high and wide loads that could not fit through the tunnels. The major competitors of

183-418: A baggage cart. The Michigan Central, having been only a "paper" railroad for decades and not owning any track since the late 1970s, was merged into United Railroad Corp. (a subsidiary of Penn Central) on December 7, 1995. Today, Norfolk Southern owns most trackage not abandoned in the early 1980s. Lake State Railway now operates the remnants former Detroit-Mackinaw City line from Bay City to Gaylord , which

244-535: A car-float service over the Detroit River from 1883; an immersed tube tunnel under the Detroit River between Detroit, Michigan, and Windsor, Ontario; and the MCR cantilever bridge at Niagara Falls , which was later replaced with a steel arch bridge in 1925. The car-float operation ended when the Detroit River tunnel was completed. Control of Canada Southern passed from MCR to NYC, then Penn Central, then Conrail . In 1985,

305-524: A diamond crossing in front of the New York Central's 'Interstate Express'. The 'Canadian's locomotive hit the derailer, slid through the crossing on the ties, and was rerailed by the crossing's frog, the tender and first several cars of the train remained derailed as they rode the ties. The train stopped with the Michigan Central locomotive about 400 feet beyond the crossing and the first coach fouling

366-551: A few feet high, built to slightly increase and maintain water levels in existing lakes to provide drought protection and flood control, a use that is now environmentally controversial. However, at least a dozen dams were built for mill or hydroelectric power and several formed large new lakes behind them. Some of these on the Huron River mainstream are Kent Lake , Barton Pond, Argo Pond, Ford Lake , Belleville Lake , and Flat Rock Pond. The Huron River flows through numerous parks and

427-560: A long-term lease of Canada Southern Railway (CSR), which operated the most direct route between Detroit and New York. CSR's mainline cut through the heart of southwestern Ontario , between Windsor and Fort Erie . The new service, known as the Canada Division Passenger Service, saw a major surge beginning at the start of the 1920s. Between 1920 and 1922, the legendary Wolverine passenger train operated in two sections, five days per week along CSR's mainline. Then, in

488-471: A low gradient define this river. It runs through the following counties, in order from the headwaters to its mouth: Oakland, Livingston , Washtenaw , Wayne, and Monroe. There are 24 major tributaries totaling about 370 miles (600 km) in addition to the mainstream. The Huron River watershed drains 908 square miles (2,350 km ). It is the only state-designated Country-Scenic Natural River in southeast Michigan. This includes 27.5 miles (44.3 km) of

549-414: A passing resemblance to New York's famed rail station. It was the world's tallest railroad terminal at that time. Last used by Amtrak in 1988, Michigan Central Station then become a victim of extensive vandalism. Over the next 30 years, several proposals and concepts for redevelopment were suggested, none coming to fruition. The estimated cost of renovations was $ 80 million, but the owners viewed finding

610-464: A series of artificial islands in the middle of Geddes Pond connected by bridges. Major earthworks, including the construction of the islands, were completed while the pond was dry, with a second phase of improvements completed after the pond was refilled in 1973. These improvements included a wooden bridge over the river for cars, and a series of footbridges between the islands. The 1976-vintage one-lane timber car bridge deteriorated substantially in

671-705: A shortline holding company, to sell the Kalamazoo-Detroit portion of the Michigan Central main line. The proposal was set before the Surface Transportation Board , and was officially endorsed by Amtrak in September 2007. In December 2007 the STB rejected the plan, citing concerns over the relationship between the Norfolk Southern and Watco. Labor unions had raised concerns over the transfer of operations to

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732-550: A sister facility upstream at Argo Park , renting boats for local use on Geddes Pond and one-way trips on the river. The canoe livery building also features event space, a cafe, and year-round restrooms. A butterfly garden was created in the park in 1989, supported by the Ann Arbor North chapter of the Rotary Club . The Butterfly and Hummingbird Garden supports a habitat for butterflies and hummingbirds, whose population peaks in

793-463: A tenant. When MC operations were completely integrated into NYC in the 1950s, trains were re-deployed to NYC's LaSalle Street Station home, where other NYC trains such as the 20th Century Limited were staged. IC sued for breach of contract and won because the MC had a lease that ran for a few more years. The MC route from Chicago to Porter, Indiana , is mostly intact. The Kensington Interchange, shared with

854-550: Is a prime canoeing river with a generally slow current and only a few minor rapids or obstructions, except for the short Delhi rapids which is runnable by experienced canoeists and kayakers except during low water. The river is heavily fished by sportsmen for rock bass , sunfish , bluegill , black crappie , white bass , smallmouth bass , largemouth bass , northern pike , walleye , catfish , trout , muskie , and below Belleville Dam, Coho salmon , Chinook salmon , and Steelhead . Suckers and carp are also common fish in

915-519: Is home to multiple works of art. The largest artwork on display is Canoe Fan , a monumental sculpture by Victoria Fuller installed in 2015. Other sculptures installed in the park include larger-than-life concrete figures of animals found in the park, including a Canada goose , a painted turtle , and a muskrat . In addition to its permanent art installations, Gallup Park hosts an annual temporary art installation, "Embracing Our Differences Michigan," since 2022. Embracing Our Differences Michigan focuses on

976-470: Is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Michigan Central Railroad Depot (Battle Creek, MI) opened on July 27, 1888. Rogers and MacFarlane of Detroit designed the depot, one of several Richardsonian Romanesque-style stations between Detroit and Chicago in the late nineteenth century. Thomas Edison as well as presidents William Howard Taft and Gerald Ford visited here. The depot

1037-598: Is partially owned by the state of Michigan. What remained of CASO was mostly abandoned by Canadian National in 2011, after seeing little to no traffic for years. Amtrak owns the Detroit line from Porter, Indiana , to Kalamazoo, Michigan , while the state of Michigan owns the line from there to Dearborn, Michigan . This line is a projected "high speed" line; a portion of the line was converted to 110 MPH operation in early 2012 with further upgrades planned. Amtrak operates three Chicago-Detroit- Pontiac trains each way per day, under

1098-413: Is similar to the moving span at Spuyten Duyvil owned by parent New York Central, but has no approach spans. It is still in operation and owned by Amtrak. No historic Michigan Central-specific equipment exists today. After the steam era, almost all equipment was lettered for New York Central. Many common New York Central locomotives and rolling stock are preserved in places like Illinois Railway Museum and

1159-685: The Pere Marquette , Pennsylvania , Grand Trunk , and Ann Arbor Railroads . Michigan Central was part owner of the ferry service operated to the Upper Peninsula as well as cross-river ferry service to Ontario , but these routes did not exist to circumvent Chicago. The Michigan Central Railroad (MCR) and then parent New York Central Railroad (NYC) owned the Canada Southern Railroad (CSR), which had lines throughout southwestern Ontario from Windsor to Niagara Falls . The railroad operated

1220-661: The South Shore Line , was cut out. These tracks now belong to Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad , and are overgrown stub tracks ending short of the interchange. Some trackage around the Indiana Harbor Belt's Gibson Yard has also been removed. The MC's South Water Street freight trackage in downtown Chicago is also gone. Amtrak trains serving the Michigan Central Detroit line now use the former NYC to Porter, where they turn north on Michigan Central. Passenger equipment

1281-549: The University of Michigan , graduating with a master's degree in 1916. During his four decades of service to the City of Ann Arbor, Gallup personally directed projects that resulted in the creation of the Ann Arbor parks system as it is known today. Gallup was known for his personal flair and his conservation of scarce resources, and his initiatives resulted in the creation of Ann Arbor icons such as The Rock . A memorial to Gallup stands at

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1342-560: The 1998 Conrail breakup, Norfolk Southern Railway now owns much of the former Michigan Central trackage. At the end of 1925, MC operated 1,871 miles (3,011 km) of road and 4,139 miles (6,661 km) of track; that year it reported 4,304,000 net ton-miles of revenue freight and 600 million passenger-miles. The line between Detroit and St. Joseph, Michigan , was originally planned in 1830 to provide freight service between Detroit and Chicago by train to St. Joseph and via boat service on to Chicago. The Detroit and St. Joseph Railroad

1403-521: The 20th century began, the Detroit Edison Company and Ford Motor Company began acquiring and developing dams along the river for electric power. Notable floods have occurred in 1904, 1918, 1968 and 1982. Significant tributaries of the Huron River are listed below, in order of progression upstream. Sub-tributaries are indented below their parent watercourse. The river flows through the following parks and cities in this order starting from

1464-660: The 21st century, and was demolished in February 2024. A replacement bridge was expected to be completed in the summer of 2024, but was delayed. A new bridge opened in October 2024, providing additional space for pedestrians and cyclists and retaining a single car lane. Eli A. Gallup (1891-1964) served as the Superintendent of Parks in Ann Arbor for over 40 years, from 1919 to 1961. Gallup was born in Macedon, New York , and studied forestry at

1525-631: The Canada Southern was sold to two companies, the Canadian National Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway . The Michigan Central Railway Bridge opened in February 1925 and remained in use until the early 21st century. It replaced the earlier Niagara Cantilever Bridge which had been commissioned in 1883 by Cornelius Vanderbilt ; the older bridge was scrapped as the new MCR bridge went into service. The MCR cantilever bridge

1586-634: The Huron River at Geddes Pond, an impoundment of the river created by Geddes Dam . The 69-acre (28 ha) park contains a series of artificial islands in Geddes Pond, with bridges between the islands creating a 1.65-mile (2.66 km) trail loop that connects both sides of the river. The longest pathway in Gallup Park carries the Border-to-Border Trail for 3.25 miles (5.23 km), from Mitchell Field upstream to Geddes Dam downstream, parallel to

1647-534: The Huron River: Barton Dam , Argo Dam , and Superior Dam . By the late 1950s, Detroit Edison was no longer interested in operating the dams, and offered them to the City of Ann Arbor. Detroit Edison sold the four dams to the city in 1963 for a total of $ 400,000, equivalent to $ 3.1 million in 2023. A parcel of land upstream of Geddes Dam was purchased by the city in 1955, and designated as "Gallup Lake Park" in 1958. The original 14-acre (5.7 ha) site on

1708-403: The Michigan Central were: On June 22, 1918, the engineer of a Michigan Central troop train fell asleep, causing the train to run into the rear of a Hagenbeck–Wallace Circus train that was stopped near Hammond, Indiana. The accident resulted in 86 deaths, with another 127 people injured. On February 27, 1921, the Michigan Central's 'Canadian' ran a red signal at Porter, Indiana, and entered

1769-645: The National New York Central Museum, in Elkhart, Indiana. The latter includes a sample passenger train in NYC livery, although the two coaches are actually of Illinois Central heritage. The E8 and observation car are original NYC equipment and very likely served on the Michigan Central after dieselization. The station in Dexter, Michigan, has some railroad memorabilia around it, such as an old level crossing signal and

1830-541: The best access to Chicago of any Michigan railroad. The Michigan Central did own part of the Mackinac Transportation Company , which operated the SS Chief Wawatam until 1984. The Chief Wawatam was a front-loading, hand-fired, coal-fed steamer . It was the last hand-fired steamer in the free world at its long-overdue retirement in 1984. The Chief Wawatam continued to operate until 2009, cut down to

1891-419: The crossing. The 'Interstate Express' locomotive (NYC 4828) hit the wooden coach broadside, demolishing it, killing 35 passengers, and injuring 11. Locomotive 4828 derailed upon hitting the coach and went off the track to the right; its pilot dug into the dirt, and the locomotive whipped around and slammed over on its side, facing in the direction from which it came. Both the engineer and the fireman were killed in

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1952-417: The fall. Gallup Park serves as a habitat for multiple species of birds, especially in a meadow of sedge on the north side of the river. Species present in Gallup Park include the willow flycatcher , downy woodpecker , and the prothonotary warbler . During the winter, additional species of waterfowl are often seen in the park, including the common merganser and other species of ducks . Gallup Park

2013-566: The first Wednesday of each month. It also has some railroad memorabilia such as an old crossing signal and baggage cart. Michigan Central was the owner of Michigan Central Station in Detroit. Opened in 1913, the building is of the Beaux-Arts Classical style of architecture, designed by the Warren and Wetmore and Reed and Stem firms who also designed New York City 's Grand Central Terminal . As such, Michigan Central Station bears more than

2074-485: The first part of the Godfrey Reggio movie Naqoyqatsi and is frequently used by Michael Bay in such films as The Island and Transformers . In May 2018, Ford Motor Company purchased the building for redevelopment into a mixed use facility and cornerstone of the company's new Corktown campus. The Michigan Central station at Niles, Michigan , is also famous, having appeared in several Hollywood movies. It

2135-737: The headwaters: Download coordinates as: The Clinton River was also known as the Huron River until 1824. The Clinton River, which drains into Lake St. Clair north of Detroit , shares about 10 miles (16 km) of watershed boundary with the Huron River system. It was renamed in 1824 by the Michigan Territorial Council to avoid confusion between the two rivers. [REDACTED] Media related to Huron River (Michigan) at Wikimedia Commons 42°1′47″N 83°11′15″W  /  42.02972°N 83.18750°W  / 42.02972; -83.18750 Michigan Central Railroad The Michigan Central Railroad ( reporting mark MC )

2196-455: The mainstream, plus an additional 10.5 miles (16.9 km) of three tributaries. The river was named after the Huron band of Native Americans who lived in the area. In Native languages, it was called cos-scut-e-nong sebee or Giwitatigweiasibi . It was part of a Native American trade route. The river has many dams, 19 on the main stream and at least 96 in the entire system. Most dams are only

2257-436: The north entrance to the park. Gallup's intense interest in unusual boulders inspired the memorial, a boulder of dark granite fused to a smaller piece of white limestone. The boulder, excavated during the construction of Huron Hills Golf Course, was found in a maintenance yard after his death, and dedicated in his memory. Huron River The Huron River is a typical Southeast Michigan stream; mud banks, slow stream flow and

2318-549: The old banner Wolverine . The Port Huron train (the Blue Water ) also uses this line as far east as Battle Creek, Michigan . Both Kalamazoo and Niles have retained their old Michigan Central Stations; the Niles station is occasionally portrayed in film. Also the Dowagiac station is used by Amtrak which was built by M.C.R.R. In July 2007, Norfolk Southern was in talks with Watco ,

2379-513: The primary locomotive and car repair shops during the steam era were located in Jackson, Michigan , established in 1871. They closed in 1949 during a coal strike and never reopened due to the conversion of motive power to diesel engines. The Michigan Central Railroad (MCR) operated mostly passenger trains between Chicago and Detroit. These trains ranged from locals to the Wolverine . In 1904, MCR began

2440-473: The private market, and abandonment of the project was discussed. The City of Detroit invested $ 50,000 in the project. The State of Michigan bailed out the railroad in 1837 by purchasing it and investing $ 5,000,000. The now state-owned company was renamed the Central Railroad of Michigan . By 1840 the railroad was again out of money and had completed track only between Detroit and Dexter, Michigan . In 1846,

2501-679: The right use as a greater problem than financing. Though listed on the National Register of Historic Places , the Detroit City Council passed a resolution to demolish the station in April 2009. The council was met with strong opposition from Detroit resident Stanley Christmas, who in turn, sued the city of Detroit to stop the demolition effort, citing the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 . The station shows up in

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2562-501: The river. In 2009, faculty and students from the University of Michigan produced "Mapping the River," a multimedia presentation combining dance, poetry, music, and projected images which explored the role of the Huron in communities along it. The Huron River was declared navigable by Congress in the 19th century, and for a time, there was flat-boat traffic from Ypsilanti to Lake Erie . This

2623-469: The scene. The former Michigan Central Station in Ann Arbor , Michigan, a granite stone block building built in 1886 and designed by Frederick Spier of Spier and Rohns , is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and now houses the Gandy Dancer Restaurant. The Michigan Central also built and operated a swing bridge over Trail Creek at Michigan City, Indiana . This swing bridge

2684-488: The south side of the river was overgrown and marshy, with a large population of wildlife. The site was only accessible from the back of the adjacent Huron Hills Golf Course, separated by the main line of the Michigan Central Railroad . Construction began slowly, using surplus landfill from building projects around the city, including the construction of Mary Markley Hall in the late 1950s. Geddes Dam failed in

2745-433: The state sold the railroad to the newly incorporated Michigan Central corporation for $ 2,000,000. By this time the railroad had reached Kalamazoo, Michigan , a distance of 143.16 miles (230.39 km). The new private corporation had committed to complete the railroad with T-rail of not less than sixty pounds to the yard and also to replace the poorly built rails between Kalamazoo and Detroit with similar quality rail, as

2806-409: The state-built rail was of low quality. The new owners met this obligation by building the rest of the line some 74.84 miles (120.44 km) to the shores of Lake Michigan by 1849. However, rather than go to St. Joseph, instead they went to New Buffalo . This was because they had decided to extend the road all the way to Chicago. With this, the first crossing of the state of Michigan (Lower Peninsula)

2867-529: The summer of 1923, the eastbound Wolverine began running from Detroit to Buffalo without any scheduled stops in Canada, making the trip in 4 hours and 50 minutes, an unprecedented achievement. During the same summer, the Canada Division was moving 2,300 through passengers per day. By the end of the decade, a fleet of 205 J-1 class Hudsons – one of the most powerful locomotives for passenger service yet designed –

2928-409: The summer of 1968 following a major rainstorm, draining Geddes Pond and diminishing the population of wildlife in the park. Funding to repair the dam was secured in 1971, and repairs to Geddes Dam were completed in 1973. While Geddes Pond was dry, plans were drawn up for improvements to the site, centered on the principle of "return to the river." The designs emphasized the role of water in the site, with

2989-583: The time, and the Michigan Central owned lines from east to west of the state and north to south, tapping all resources available. After the advent of the automobile as one of the most dominant forces of commerce, with Detroit at the epicenter, the Michigan Central became a carrier of autos and auto-related parts. The Michigan Central was one of the few Michigan railroads with a direct line into Chicago, meaning it did not have to operate cross-lake ferries , as did virtually all other railroads operating in Michigan, such as

3050-510: The topic of diversity, equity, and inclusion , presenting artworks from local and national artists of all ages. Gallup Park is its largest site, with additional installations at parks throughout the Ann Arbor–Ypsilanti area. Gallup Park is located on Geddes Pond, an impoundment of the Huron River created by Geddes Dam . Detroit Edison operated Geddes Dam for hydropower in the early 20th century, in coordination with three other dams on

3111-691: The tracks of the Michigan Line . Gallup Park connects to multiple adjacent parks along the Huron River, including Mitchell Field, Furstenburg Nature Area, and Parker Mill County Park . The park borders the Nichols Arboretum and Huron Hills Golf Course, but access is obstructed by the Michigan Line railroad tracks. Most of the park is located within Ann Arbor city limits, except for its eastern entrance, which extends into Ann Arbor Charter Township . The Gallup Park canoe livery operates in tandem with

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3172-591: The wreck, making the death toll 37. The MCR Jackson station in Jackson, Michigan, opened in 1873 and is the oldest continuously operated passenger station in North America. The Dexter, Michigan, train depot was built to replace a former station that had burned down. It served passenger trains until the early 1950s. Today, the station is home to the Ann Arbor Model Railroad Club, which hosts open houses

3233-566: Was 270 miles (430 km) in length. In the same year the first train ran from Detroit to Chicago. The first repair shops were built in 1851 and located on 20 acres of waterfront property in Detroit, Michigan . In 1873 they were moved to a larger plot of land on the west side of the city along Livernois Avenue, then consisting of two roundhouses and car repair shops. In 1919 new freight and locomotive terminals were constructed in Niles, Michigan . However,

3294-604: Was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1918, Penn Central in 1968 and Amtrak in 1970. The depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and is now Clara's on the River Restaurant. Located between Augusta and Galesburg Michigan, the massive re-enforced concrete building stands over the Detroit to Chicago mainline. Built in 1923, it was used to refuel and water steam engines. It fell out of use post-World War II, as diesel engines came onto

3355-438: Was chartered in 1831 with a capital of $ 1,500,000. The railroad actually began construction on May 18, 1836, starting at "King's Corner" in Detroit, which was the name by which the southeast corner of Jefferson and Woodward Avenue was then known. However, this is not the location of Michigan Central Station , which apparently replaced this building. The small private organization quickly ran into problems securing cheap land in

3416-491: Was completed. This involved passing through two other states and getting leave from two state legislatures to do so. To facilitate this process, they bought the Joliet and Northern Indiana Railroad in 1851. Thus they reached Michigan City, Indiana , by 1850 and finished the line to Kensington, Illinois , (now a south Chicago neighborhood) in 1852, using Illinois Central trackage rights to downtown Chicago. The completed railroad

3477-434: Was discontinued as the railroads penetrated the region and milling developed along the river. By the 1880s, the Huron River was considered peculiar among the rivers in the region because it was intensely exploited for water-powered manufacturing. The census reported a total of 17 developed mill dams on the river, many providing power to multiple mills. Flour milling dominated, but there were also sawmills and woolen mills. As

3538-778: Was hauling passengers along the CSR mainline. However, by the 1930s the Wolverine was making stops in the Canadian section of the route. Also, by the late 1940s, the Empire State Express passed from Buffalo into Southwestern Ontario; however, it terminated at Detroit. While Michigan Central was an independent subsidiary of the New York Central System, passenger trains were staged from Illinois Central's Central Station (in Chicago) as

3599-538: Was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame in 2006, long after it had been scrapped. The Hall of Fame report discussed its significance to the railway industry in the category of "North America: Facilities & Structures." All major Michigan railroads except the Michigan Central operated a rail ferry service across Lake Michigan . The MC had the most direct route across Southern Michigan from Detroit to Chicago. The Michigan Central also had

3660-455: Was mostly similar to that of parent New York Central System. Typically this meant an EMD E-series locomotive and Pullman-Standard lightweight rolling stock. Because General Motors ( Electro-Motive Division ) was a large customer of Michigan Central, use of Alco or General Electric locomotives was less common. Prior to the automobile, Michigan Central was mostly a carrier of natural resources. Michigan had extensive reserves of timber at

3721-584: Was originally chartered in 1832 to establish rail service between Detroit, Michigan , and St. Joseph, Michigan . The railroad later operated in the states of Michigan , Indiana , and Illinois in the United States and the province of Ontario in Canada . After about 1867 the railroad was controlled by the New York Central Railroad , which later became part of Penn Central and then Conrail . After

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