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36-510: It is situated in a southernmost part of the region of Hegau in a unique location on the northern bank of the High Rhine , just across the border from Switzerland and close to Lake Constance . Its population is currently 3,070. Founded over 1,000 years ago, Gailingen was first mentioned in a document in 965. However the village probably dates back to the 5th century, when the Alamanni settled in

72-521: A lion's head in the village's shield. The village changed hands numerous times in the course of the following centuries. In 1540, the neighbouring city of Schaffhausen (in Switzerland) purchased a third of the domain; the other parts were owned by several families, with the Liebenfels family being responsible for the construction of a small castle called “Liebenfelsisches Schloesschen” in 1750. Following

108-592: A region of the Duchy of Swabia or to only that part of said region which is presently located in the country of Germany . It is known for its extinct, partly eroded volcanoes, most of which are crowned with ruins of medieval fortresses. Historically, Hegau was a Gau of the Duchy of Swabia, first mentioned in 787 A.D. in the Latinised form in pago Egauinsse . Its area reached from the Überlinger See of Lake Constance and

144-574: Is a Young Drift morainic landscape marked by the remains of several extinct volcanoes, the Hegau volcanoes , which are located mostly to the west and east of the line from Singen (Hohentwiel) in the south to Geisingen in the north. The Hegau volcanoes are national geotopes of Germany. The Hegau region, situated at about 400 m (1,300 ft) a.s.l. , is surmounted by nearly a dozen conical hills , which are between 643 m (2,110 ft) and 867 m (2,844 ft) high and which correspond to

180-538: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a regional geological feature is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Duchy of Swabia The Duchy of Swabia ( Middle High German : Herzogtuom Swaben ; Latin : Ducatus Allemaniæ ) was one of the five stem duchies of the medieval German Kingdom . It arose in the 10th century in the southwestern area that had been settled by Alemanni tribes in Late Antiquity . While

216-509: The Baar estates around the upper Neckar and Danube rivers. Their members were sometimes called margraves and sometimes, as in the case of Rudolf of Rhaetia , dukes. Finally, the Hunfriding count Burchard I was called dux of Alamannia. However, he was killed in 911, for which two Swabian counts palatine , Bertold and Erchanger, were accused of treason. Erchanger proclaimed himself duke in 915, but

252-726: The Franconian stem duchy During the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire the southeastern territories of the Swabian Circle fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria ( Bavarian Swabia ), while the rest were mostly divided between the Kingdom of Württemberg and the Grand Duchy of Baden , with only the Hohenzollern principalities ( Sigmaringen and Hechingen ) remaining separate. Since shortly after

288-722: The Hohenstaufen , who held it, with a brief interruption, from 1079 until 1268. For much of this period, the Hohenstaufen were also Holy Roman Emperors . After a centuries-long struggle with the House of Zähringen , the Margraviate of Baden detached itself from the Swabian duchy in the 12th century. The remaining duchy persisted until 1268, ending with the execution of the last Hohenstaufen duke Conradin . Count Rudolf of Habsburg , elected King of

324-800: The Holy Roman Empire into Imperial Circles . The Swabian Circle was largely coterminous with the stem duchy; however, it excluded Alsace (which was part of the Upper Rhenish Circle ), those areas controlled by the Old Swiss Confederacy and Three Leagues (which were unencircled) and the Habsburgs ' Further Austrian possessions (originally unencircled; part of the Austrian Circle from 1512). It also included some territory, mostly held by Baden and Württemberg , which had been part of

360-542: The Jewish Museum of Switzerland , where some of these objects are on display. In 1950, Gailingen am Hochrhein became the seat for a rehabilitation clinic, and in 1972, a second one specifically addressing young people followed. A new church and a new school were built as well. What used to be a largely-agricultural village is now a modern one that caters for tourists from all over the world. Its location, clean air, and peaceful surroundings, has caused Gailingen to be awarded

396-725: The Middle Ages , fortresses were built on top of several Hegau volcanoes. The arguably best-known of the Hegau volcanoes is the Hohentwiel , on top of which lie the ruins of a fortress of the same name. The Hohentwiel is located next to the industrial city of Singen . It is the southernmost of the Hegau volcanoes. To the north of it, there are nine other extinct volcanoes (see list below). 47°47′42″N 8°45′00″E  /  47.795°N 8.750°E  / 47.795; 8.750  ( Hohenstoffeln ) This Konstanz location article

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432-553: The Middle Ages . It stretched south of Frankish Austrasia (the later Duchy of Franconia ) along the Upper Rhine , Lake Constance , up the High Rhine , and down the Danube to the Lech tributary. The Lech, separating Alamannia from the Duchy of Bavaria in the east, did not form, either ethnologically or geographically, a very strong boundary, and there was a good deal of intercommunion between

468-563: The Thirty Year's War , Jews began to settle in Gailingen and the upper Rhine region. The letter of protection from 1657 testifies to six Jewish men and their families living in Gailingen. Later letters of protection show a continuation and growth of the small community. The first document referring to the Jewish cemetery in Gailingen dates back to 1653. A synagogue was built in 1836 and eventually,

504-559: The Frankish kings. In the 7th century the people converted to Christianity , bishoprics were founded at Augsburg and Constance , and in the 8th century notable abbeys at Reichenau Island and Saint Gall . The Alamanni in the 7th century retained much of their former independence, Frankish rule being mostly nominal, but in 709, Pepin of Herstal conquered the territory and in 730 his son Charles Martel again reduced them to dependence. The so-called Blood Court at Cannstatt in 746 marked

540-464: The Romans in 1273, attempted to revive the Swabian ducal title, bestowing it on his youngest son, the later Duke Rudolf II of Austria , who passed it to his son John Parricida . John died without an heir, in 1312 or 1313, marking the end of the "revived" title. In 496 the Alamanni tribes were defeated by King Clovis I , incorporated into Francia , and governed by several duces who were dependent on

576-504: The area. The name “Gailingen” literally refers to "the people of Geilo", one of the Alamanni leaders. In the 11th century, a family of noblemen owned the area and probably erected a castle on the Rauhenberg mountain. The castle is long gone but left its name on that part of the mountain. In the 14th century, ownership was transferred to the former noble family of Randegg, which left its sign of

612-663: The city of Konstanz in the east to the Randen and Schaffhausen in the present-day Swiss canton of Schaffhausen in the west. Towards south, it extended to the High Rhine and to the north until the Danube . Today, Hegau refers only to that part of the former Gau which is located within the German state of Baden-Württemberg . This region, also called the Hegauer Kegelbergland ( lit.   ' Hegau conical hill landscape ' ),

648-478: The community also had a school and community centre, its own hospital and an old people's home. By 1820, the community had grown to 140 families, making up about half of the population of Gailingen. Despite having no political rights, Jews strongly shaped and influenced Gailingen both culturally and economically. In the mid nineteenth century, they outnumbered the Christian citizens for a short time, after which there

684-459: The duchy to Gisela's second son, Hermann IV and then, on the death of Hermann IV in 1038, to Henry , his own son by Gisela. In 1045 Henry, who had become German king as Henry III, granted Alamannia to Otto , grandson of the emperor Otto II and count palatine of the Rhine , and, in 1048, to Otto III , count of Schweinfurt  [ de ] . Rudolph , count of Rheinfelden  [ de ] ,

720-628: The emperor, the youngest of whom, Philip , was chosen German king in 1198. During his struggle for the throne Philip purchased support by large cessions of Swabian lands, and the duchy remained in the royal hands during the reign of Otto IV , and came to Frederick II in 1214. Frederick granted Swabia to his son Henry , and, after his rebellion in 1235, to his son Conrad , whose son Conradin , setting out in 1266 to take possession of Sicily, pledged his Swabian inheritance to Ulrich II , count of Württemberg . The duchy fell into abeyance after Conradin's death in 1268. In 1500 emperor Maximilian I divided

756-506: The end of the old stem duchy, and the Alamanni now came fully under Frankish administration. Charles' son Pepin the Short abolished the tribal duke and ruled Alamannia by counts palatine , or Kammerboten . King Charlemagne married the Alamannian princess Hildegard in 771. At this time the duchy, which was divided into numerous Gaue (counties), took the shape which it retained throughout

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792-627: The feud between the Ahalolfing and Hunfriding dynasties. He occupied the palace at Zürich and marched into the Thurgau from there. He was defeated by Burchard near Winterthur and was forced to abandon Zürich , retreating beyond the Reuss . Duke Burchard's rule subsequently was acknowledged as such by the newly elected king Henry the Fowler . Burchard's position was virtually independent, and when he died in 926 he

828-505: The historic region of Swabia takes its name from the ancient Suebi , dwelling in the angle formed by the Rhine and the Danube , the stem duchy comprised a much larger territory, stretching from the Alsatian Vosges mountain range in the west to the right bank of the river Lech in the east and up to Chiavenna ( Kleven ) and Gotthard Pass in the south. The name of the larger stem duchy

864-411: The melting of the ice age glaciers, the landscape received its typical, modern-day appearance. In conjunction with the past volcanisms, several maars formed in the area, which later filled with water to form lakes. The sediments of these maar lakes preserve exceptional fossils , for example of the early horse Hippotherium primigenium or of the giant salamander Andrias scheuchzeri . During

900-527: The remains of the pipes of past volcanoes. The area was volcanically active during the Miocene epoch , from about 14 Ma ago to around 6 Ma ago. Much later, during the Riss glaciation ( Pleistocene epoch), about 150 ka ago, the Hegau region was covered by large glaciers, which over time eroded the softer rocks around the harder basaltic rocks of the former volcanic pipes (an example of an inverted relief ). After

936-460: The same school. Members of both faiths were living together peacefully until Hitler 's rise to power. In October 1940, the remaining members of the community were deported to the concentration camp in Gurs , thus marking a violent and final end to the Jewish community of Gailingen. The close relationship with neighbouring Switzerland has made Judaica and other remnants of the community find their way to

972-464: The succession passed to Ernest II , son of his eldest sister Gisela and Ernest I , Margrave of Austria. Ernest I held the duchy for his son until his own death in 1015, when Gisela undertook the government, and was married a second time, to Conrad, duke of Franconia, who was afterwards the German king Conrad II . When Ernest came of age he quarrelled with his step-father, who deposed him and, in 1030, gave

1008-485: The title “national health resort” in 1977. Südbadenbus serves the village with a bus connection to Büsingen am Hochrhein which is a small exclave belonging to Germany. The bus passes through Swiss territory to reach the main village of Büsingen and the small outlying settlement of Stemmer . Gailingen am Hochrhein is twinned with: This Konstanz location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Hegau Hegau either refers to

1044-624: The two peoples. By the 843 Treaty of Verdun , Alamannia fell to East Francia . During the later and weaker years of the Carolingian Empire the counts became almost independent, and a struggle for supremacy took place between them and the Bishops of Constance. From about 900, two chief dynasties emerged: the Hunfriding counts in Raetia Curiensis ( Churrätien ) and the Ahalolfings ruling

1080-451: Was a steady decline in the number of Jews living in Gailingen. This was caused by the introduction of freedom of movement and settlement in Baden in 1862, which led to more Jewish families moving to larger cities in search of better professional and financial opportunities. In 1870, the village elected its first Jewish mayor. Seven years later both Jewish and non-Jewish children were attending

1116-451: Was followed by Frederick III , afterwards the emperor Frederick I. The earlier Hohenstaufen increased the imperial domain in Swabia, where they received steady support, although ecclesiastical influences were very strong. In 1152 Frederick I gave the duchy to his kinsman, Frederick , count of Rothenburg and duke of Franconia , after whose death in 1167 it was held successively by three sons of

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1152-527: Was often used interchangeably with Alamannia during the High Middle Ages , until about the 11th century, when the form Swabia began to prevail. The Duchy of Swabia was proclaimed by the Ahalolfing count palatine Erchanger in 915. He had allied himself with his Hunfriding rival Burchard II and defeated King Conrad I of Germany in a battle at Wahlwies . The most notable family to hold Swabia were

1188-561: Was put to death by order of the German king Conrad I two years later. Upon Erchanger's execution, Burchard II , son of the late Burchard I and count in Raetia Curiensis, took the title of duke. Burchard secured his rule by defending the Thurgau region against the claims of King Rudolph II of Burgundy in the 919 Battle of Winterthur . Rudolph II had attempted to expand his Upper Burgundian territory up to Lake Constance by capitalising on

1224-488: Was succeeded by Hermann , a Franconian noble, who married his widow. When Hermann died in 948 Otto the Great gave the duchy to his own son Liudolf , who had married Hermann's daughter Ida; but he reduced the ducal privileges and appointed counts palatine to watch the royal interests. Liudolf revolted, and was deposed, and other dukes followed in quick succession. Burchard III , son of Burchard II, ruled from 954 to 973, when he

1260-498: Was succeeded by Liudolf's son, Otto , afterwards duke of Bavaria, to 982, and Conrad I , a relative of Duke Hermann I, until 997. Hermann II , possibly a son of Conrad, succeeded, and, dying in 1003, was followed by his son Hermann III . During these years the Swabians were loyal to the kings of the Saxon house, probably owing to the influence of the bishops. Hermann III had no children, and

1296-495: Was the next duke, and in 1077 he was chosen German king in opposition to the emperor Henry IV, but found little support in Swabia, which was given by Henry to his faithful adherent, Frederick I , count of Hohenstaufen. Frederick had to fight for his position with Bertold, son of Duke Rudolph, and the duke's son-in-law, Bertold II, duke of Zahringen, to whom he ceded the Breisgau in 1096. Frederick II succeeded his father in 1105, and

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