106-445: Gadjah Mada University ( Javanese : ꦈꦕꦮꦶꦪꦠꦒꦗꦃꦩꦢ , romanized: Ucawiyata Gajah Mada ; Indonesian : Universitas Gadjah Mada , abbreviated as UGM ) is a public research university located in Sleman , Special Region of Yogyakarta , Indonesia . Officially founded on 19 December 1949, Gadjah Mada University is one of the oldest and largest institutions of higher education in
212-407: A dialect continuum from northern Banten in the extreme west of Java to Banyuwangi Regency in the eastern corner of the island. All Javanese dialects are more or less mutually intelligible . A table showing the number of native speakers in 1980, for the 22 Indonesian provinces (from the total of 27) in which more than 1% of the population spoke Javanese: According to the 1980 census, Javanese
318-607: A campus of 360 acres (150 ha), with facilities that include a stadium and a fitness center. The university is named after Gajah Mada , the leader of the Majapahit Empire of Java in the 14th century, who is also considered to be the nation's first unifier by some historians. The spelling of the university's name still reflects the old Dutch-era spelling . UGM was the first state university in Indonesia , established as Universiteit Negeri Gadjah Mada ( UNGM ) when Indonesia
424-509: A city with large numbers of schools and universities and a relatively low cost of living compared to other Indonesian cities, Yogyakarta has attracted significant numbers of students from all over Indonesia. As a result, there are many other Indonesian ethnic groups living in Yogyakarta, especially from eastern parts of Indonesia. There are some foreigner communities in the city, which is mainly composed of tourist and foreign students. In 2014,
530-490: A community service called KKN-PPM (short for Kuliah Kerja Nyata-Pembelajaran Pemberdayaan Masyarakat or "Student Community Service-Community Empowerment Learning", in English), which is obligatory for undergraduate students. KKN-PPM is a research-based community service offered three times each academic year, in the middle of both the odd semester and the even semester, and between these two semesters. Not only local students joining
636-619: A crime newscast). In later broadcasts, JTV offers programmes in the Central Javanese dialect (called by them basa kulonan , "the western language") and Madurese. The speakers of Suroboyoan dialect are well known for being proud of their distinctive dialect and consistently maintain it wherever they go. Javanese is spoken throughout Indonesia, neighboring Southeast Asian countries, the Netherlands, Suriname , New Caledonia , and other countries. The largest populations of speakers are found in
742-887: A demonstration at UGM's rectorate building that criticized the high tuition fees that didn't match the students' financial capabilities. In a statement given by the Coordinator of the UGM Advocacy Forum, Rio Putra Dewanto, it's revealed that a survey conducted on 722 students from the class of 2023, it was found that 511 or 70.7 percent of students felt that the tuition fees set by UGM are too heavy, and 52.1 percent of students urged that it should be reconsidered. Javanese language Javanese ( / ˌ dʒ ɑː v ə ˈ n iː z / JAH -və- NEEZ , / dʒ æ v ə -/ JAV -ə- , /- ˈ n iː s / - NEESS ; basa Jawa , Javanese script : ꦧꦱꦗꦮ , Pegon : باسا جاوا , IPA: [bɔsɔ d͡ʒɔwɔ] )
848-460: A humanoid robot, and in the US in 2013 with a legged robot ). In 2002, UGM began offering an English-language-based medicine programme for overseas and Indonesian students to study medicine with an international standard curriculum. The International Medicine Programme is over five years, with the first three and a half years being study and a further one and a half years of clinical rotations. The programme
954-661: A large building utilized for graduation ceremonies, with an adjoining square used for sport and recreation. There is also a university library and a sports center, consisting of a stadium, tennis court, and basketball field. Most of the main campus is located in Sleman, with the small parts (such as part of the Vocational School and part of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences) located within Yogyakarta city. The UGM administration
1060-411: A monarchy , Yogyakarta is regarded as an important centre for classical Javanese fine arts and culture such as ballet, batik textiles, drama, literature , music , poetry , silversmithing, visual arts , and wayang puppetry. Renowned as a centre of Indonesian education , Yogyakarta is home to a large student population and dozens of schools and universities, including Gadjah Mada University ,
1166-552: A new Javanese language magazine, appeared in 2005 is not published in the Javanese heartlands, but in Jakarta. Since 2003, an East Java local television station ( JTV ) has broadcast some of its programmes in the Surabayan ( Suroboyoan ) dialect, including Pojok Kampung [ id ] ("Village Corner", main newscast), Kuis RT/RW ("RT/RW Quiz"), and Pojok Perkoro ("Case Corner",
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#17328550448861272-562: A number of clearly distinct status styles. Its closest relatives are the neighboring languages such as Sundanese , Madurese , and Balinese . Most speakers of Javanese also speak Indonesian for official and commercial purposes as well as a means to communicate with non-Javanese-speaking Indonesians . There are speakers of Javanese in Malaysia (concentrated in the West Coast part of the states of Selangor and Johor ) and Singapore . Javanese
1378-437: A one-week student orientation session called PPSMB ( Pelatihan Pembelajar Sukses bagi Mahasiswa Baru Palapa , "Training for New Students to be Successful Learners") which involves a short course introducing UGM's common knowledge, values, rules, and soft-skill education. It was named PPSMB Palapa (named after Palapa oath ) since its inception in 2012, before renamed to PPSMB Pionir ( lit. ' Pioneer ' ) in 2023. On
1484-643: A similar campus in South Jakarta , Jakarta . The Faculty of Medicine UGM is one of the oldest medical schools in Indonesia , having been established on 5 March 1946. It is ranked number 72 by the Times Higher Education Supplement 2006 for biomedicine . Before being part of the UGM, the faculty of engineering was already providing engineering education under the name of STT Jogjakarta since 1946. After
1590-466: A variety of other pronoun whose use varies depending on the dialect or level of speech. I You He, She, It panjenenganipun Modern Javanese usually employs SVO word order. However, Old Javanese sometimes had VSO and sometimes VOS word order. Even in Modern Javanese, archaic sentences using VSO structure can still be made. Examples: Both sentences mean: "He (S) comes (V) into (pp.)
1696-524: Is 32.82 square kilometres (12.7 square miles). While the city spreads in all directions from the Kraton , the Sultan's palace, the core of the modern city is to the north, centred around Dutch colonial-era buildings and the commercial district. Jalan Malioboro , with rows of pavement vendors and nearby markets and malls, is the primary shopping street for tourists in the city, while Jalan Solo, further north and east,
1802-559: Is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Austronesian language family spoken primarily by the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java , Indonesia . There are also pockets of Javanese speakers on the northern coast of western Java. It is the native language of more than 68 million people. Javanese is the largest of the Austronesian languages in number of native speakers . It has several regional dialects and
1908-538: Is a complex system of verb affixes to express differences of status in subject and object. However, in general the structure of Javanese sentences both Old and Modern can be described using the topic–comment model , without having to refer to conventional grammatical categories. The topic is the head of the sentence; the comment is the modifier. So the example sentence has a simpler description: Dhèwèké = topic ; teka = comment; ing karaton = setting. Javanese has many loanwords supplementing those from
2014-514: Is also called kawi or 'of poets, poetical's, although this term could also be used to refer to the archaic elements of New Javanese literature. The writing system used to write Old Javanese is a descendant of the Pallava script from India. Almost half of the entire vocabularies found in Old Javanese literature are Sanskrit loanwords, although Old Javanese also borrowed terms from other languages in
2120-643: Is also spoken by traditional immigrant communities of Javanese descent in Suriname , Sri Lanka and New Caledonia . Along with Indonesian , Javanese is an official language in the Special Region of Yogyakarta , Indonesia. Javanese is part of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family, although its precise relationship to other Malayo-Polynesian languages is hard to determine. Using
2226-628: Is also used for religious purposes. Modern Javanese emerged as the main literary form of the language in the 16th century. The change in the literary system happened as Islam started to gain influence in Java. In its early form, Modern Javanese literary form was based on the variety spoken in the north coast of Java , where Islam had already gained foothold among the local people. Many of the written works in this variety were Islamic in nature, and several of them were translation from works in Malay. The Arabic abjad
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#17328550448862332-542: Is an administrative part of the Yogyakarta Special Region which has the status of a province in Indonesia. In 2020, Yogyakarta City held the highest population density in Greater Yogyakarta, with 11,546 people per square kilometre, Sleman and Bantul Regencies holding the second place with a population density of 1,958.5 people/sq kilometre, and third place with 1,940 people/sq kilometre respectively. Within
2438-571: Is designed around a problem-based learning approach, making use of small study groups. In 1988, UGM opened a master's programme in management (MM-UGM), to train students in business practices. The program is a collaboration with the University of Kentucky and Temple University . The Faculty of Economics and Business UGM is ranked among 5% of the world's best business schools after it received an international Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) accreditation. In 2010, UGM opened
2544-483: Is divided into 18 faculties, offering study programs from the undergraduate to post-doctoral level. There is also a vocational school offering vocational study programmes. UGM provides some major programs in English and admits international students. In 2018, 1,334 Asian students, 566 European students, 213 Australian/Oceanian students, 101 North American students, 58 African students, and 12 South American students studied in
2650-525: Is named after the Indian city of Ayodhya , the birthplace of the eponymous hero Rama from the Ramayana epic. Yogya means "suitable; fit; proper", and karta means "prosperous; flourishing". Thus, Yogyakarta means "[a city that is] fit to prosper". In colonial era correspondence, the city is often written in the Javanese script as ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ , read as / ˌ ŋ ɑː j ɒ ɡ j ə ˈ k ɑːr t ə / with
2756-409: Is on the right.] Yogyakarta Yogyakarta ( English: / ˌ j oʊ ɡ j ə ˈ k ɑːr t ə / YOHG -yə- KAR -tə ; Javanese : ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ Ngayogyakarta [ŋɑːˈjɔɡjɔˈkɑːrtɔ] ; Petjo : Jogjakarta ) is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia , in the south-central part of the island of Java . As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by
2862-612: Is spoken among descendants of plantation migrants brought by the Dutch during the 19th century. In Madura, Bali, Lombok, and the Sunda region of West Java, it is also used as a literary language . It was the court language in Palembang , South Sumatra , until the palace was sacked by the Dutch in the late 18th century. Javanese is written with the Latin script , Javanese script , and Arabic script . In
2968-484: Is the only language of Western Indonesia to possess a distinction between dental and retroflex phonemes. The latter sounds are transcribed as "th" and "dh" in the modern Roman script, but previously by the use of an underdot : "ṭ" and "ḍ". Javanese, like many other Austronesian languages, is an agglutinative language, where base words are modified through extensive use of affixes . Javanese has no specific personal pronoun to express plural except for kita which
3074-469: Is the shopping district more frequented by locals. The large local market of Beringharjo ( id ) and the restored Dutch fort of Vredeburg are on the eastern part of the southern end of Malioboro. Surrounding the Kraton is a densely populated residential neighbourhood that occupies land that was formerly the Sultan's sole domain. Evidence of this former use remains in the form of old walls, scattered throughout
3180-407: Is used in media, ranging from books to TV programs, and the language is also taught at schools in primarily Javanese areas. Although Javanese is not a national language , it has recognized status as a regional language in the three Indonesian provinces with the biggest concentrations of Javanese people: Central Java , Yogyakarta, and East Java . Javanese is designated as the official language of
3286-540: The Dutch East India Company , and ceded some Mataram territory to the Dutch. Prince Mangkubumi, stood against the agreement, citing concerns that the people would become slaves under Dutch rule. During the war, Prince Mangkubumi defeated Pakubuwono II's forces and declared sovereignty in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, occupying the southern parts of the former Mataram Sultanate. With Pakubowono II dead from illness,
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3392-656: The Greater North Borneo subgroup, which he proposes as an alternative to Malayo-Sumbawan grouping. However, Blust also expresses the possibility that Greater North Borneo languages are closely related to many other western Indonesian languages, including Javanese. Blust's suggestion has been further elaborated by Alexander Smith, who includes Javanese in the Western Indonesian grouping (which also includes GNB and several other subgroups), which Smith considers as one of Malayo-Polynesian's primary branches. In general,
3498-584: The Maritime Southeast Asia . The form of Old Javanese found in several texts from 14th century onward (mostly written in Bali) is sometimes referred to as "Middle Javanese". Both Old and Middle Javanese written forms have not been widely used in Java since early 16th century. However, Old Javanese works and poetic tradition continue to be preserved in the Javanese-influenced Bali, and the variety
3604-469: The QS World University Rankings . It was ranked 254th in the world for 2021 and 2022. In 2023, it was ranked 231st in the world. In 2022, UGM was ranked in the top 50 in the world, according to Times Higher Education (THE) Impact Ranking, using seven criteria of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). THE Impact Ranking this year included 1406 prestigious institutions throughout the world. In
3710-784: The Rajasa dynasty , the title of Bhre Mataram was held by the king's nephew and son-in-law Wikramawardhana , later the fifth king of Majapahit. Kotagede , now a district in southeastern Yogyakarta, was established as the capital of the Mataram Sultanate from 1587 to 1613. During the reign of Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo (1613–1645), the Mataram Sultanate reached its zenith as the greatest kingdom in Java, and expanded its influence to Central Java, East Java, and half of West Java. After two changes of capital—to Karta and then to Plered, both located in present-day Bantul Regency —the capital of
3816-510: The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in the United Kingdom , the largest European-based international organization devoted to the advancement of chemical science. This is the first international accreditation ever received by the university and was effective from 5 March 2013 to March 2018. The university was the highest-ranked school in Indonesia for 3 consecutive years from 2021 to 2023 in
3922-610: The Sañjaya dynasty , King Mpu Sindok of Mataram , moved the seat of power of the Mataram Kingdom from Central Java to East Java and thus established the Isyana dynasty . The exact cause of the move is still uncertain; however, a severe eruption from Mount Merapi or a power struggle with the Sumatra -based Srivijaya kingdom probably caused the move. Historians suggest that some time during
4028-536: The Special Region of Yogyakarta under Yogyakarta Special Region Regulation Number 2 of 2021. Previously, Central Java promulgated a similar regulation—Regional Regulation 9/2012 —but this did not imply an official status for the language. Javanese is taught at schools and is used in some mass media , both electronically and in print. There is, however, no longer a daily newspaper in Javanese. Javanese-language magazines include Panjebar Semangat , Jaka Lodhang , Jaya Baya , Damar Jati , and Mekar Sari . Damar Jati ,
4134-583: The Yogyakarta Sultanate was established as a result of the Treaty of Giyanti ( Perjanjian Gianti ), signed and ratified on 13 February 1755 among Prince Mangkubumi, the Dutch East India Company, and his nephew Pakubuwono III and his allies. Ascending to the newly created Yogyakarta throne with the name Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, Mangkubumi thus established the royal House of Hamengkubuwono , still
4240-558: The human rights of lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) people—were developed at Gadjah Mada University. Islamic and religious groups, and civil prosecutors, attacked the LGBT community as being suspect in "promoting communism or westernization ", although the Yogyakarta Principles merely address ending violence, abuse, and discrimination of LGBT people. In 2016, more than 1000 of UGM's students and staff flocked to
4346-746: The lexicostatistical method, Isidore Dyen classified Javanese as part of the "Javo-Sumatra Hesion", which also includes the Sundanese and "Malayic" languages. This grouping is also called "Malayo-Javanic" by linguist Berndt Nothofer, who was the first to attempt a reconstruction of it based on only four languages with the best attestation at the time (Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese , and Malay ). Malayo-Javanic has been criticized and rejected by various linguists. Alexander Adelaar does not include Javanese in his proposed Malayo-Sumbawan grouping (which also covers Malayic , Sundanese , and Madurese languages). Robert Blust also does not include Javanese in
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4452-432: The (def. art.) palace (O)". In the Old Javanese sentence, the verb is placed at the beginning and is separated by the particle ta from the rest of the sentence. In Modern Javanese the definite article is lost, and definiteness is expressed by other means if necessary. Verbs are not inflected for person or number. There is no grammatical tense ; time is expressed by auxiliary words meaning "yesterday", "already", etc. There
4558-431: The 18 faculties of Gadjah Mada University. CSIUP began in the 2012 academic year. It offers undergraduate computer science classes in English. It teaches algorithm and software design, intelligent systems, programmable logic and embedded systems, and mobile computing. The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences has been teaching Computer Science courses since 1987 (BSc), 2000 (MSc), and 2003 (PhD), organized jointly by
4664-552: The 19th century, Madurese was also written in the Javanese script. The original inhabitants of Lampung , the Lampungese, make up only 15% of the provincial population. The rest are the so-called "transmigrants", settlers from other parts of Indonesia, many as a result of past government transmigration programs . Most of these transmigrants are Javanese who have settled there since the 19th century. In Suriname (the former Dutch colony of Surinam ), South America, approximately 15% of
4770-409: The 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages within each district, and its post codes. ꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶꦗꦼꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦁꦱꦤ꧀ ꦈꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦭ꧀ꦲꦂꦗ ꦏꦸꦛꦒꦼꦝꦺ ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦏꦸꦱꦸꦩꦤ꧀ ꦢꦤꦸꦸꦉꦗꦤ꧀ ꦥꦏꦸꦮꦭꦩ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀ ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦩꦤꦤ꧀ ꦔꦩ꧀ꦥꦶꦭ꧀ꦭꦤ꧀ ꦮꦶꦫꦧꦿꦗꦤ꧀ ꦒꦼꦝꦺꦴꦁꦠꦼꦔꦼꦤ꧀ ꦗꦼꦛꦶꦱ꧀ ꦠꦼꦒꦭ꧀ꦉꦗ In 2017,
4876-655: The Department of Mathematics and the Department of Physics, which has also offered courses in Electronics and Instrumentation since 1987 (BSc). In 2010, the Department of Computer Science and Electronics (DCSE) was formed by merging Computer Science resources within the Department of Mathematics with the Electronics and Instrumentation group within the Department of Physics. Students of DCSE have won gold medals in robotics competitions both nationally and internationally (in Korea in 2012 with
4982-534: The Dutch and the withdrawal of Dutch forces from Yogyakarta. On 29 June 1949 Yogyakarta was completely cleared of Dutch forces, under pressure from the United Nations . For its significant contribution to the survival of the Indonesian Republic, Yogyakarta was given autonomy as a "special district", making it the only region headed by a recognised monarchy in Indonesia . The area of the city of Yogyakarta
5088-483: The Faculty of Law, Social and Political Sciences was split into two faculties: the Surabaya branch of the Faculty of Law, Social, and Political Sciences, which was integrated into University of Airlangga ; and the Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, which was integrated into IKIP Yogyakarta (now Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta ). During its initial years of Dutch resistance, the university taught literature and law in
5194-461: The Greater Yogyakarta area lies Yogyakarta city. Yogyakarta is divided into fourteen district -level subdivisions called kemantren ( Javanese : ꦏꦼꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦺꦤ꧀ ), which makes Yogyakarta the only city in Indonesia to have such a designation, as it applied only within the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Below is a list of the kemantren s with their areas and their populations as at the 2010 Census and
5300-809: The Gross Domestic Regional Product (GRDP) of Yogyakarta City at current prices was 31.31 trillion rupiahs (around US$ 2.2 billion). The tertiary sector contributed an important share (around 78% of GDP). the tertiary sector included wholesale and retail trade; repair of cars and motorcycles, transportation and warehousing; provision of accommodation and eating and drinking; information and communication; financial services and insurance; real estate; corporate services; government administration, defence and compulsory social security; educational services; health services and social activities as well as other services. In 2017, economic growth of Yogyakarta City reached 5.24 percent slightly faster compared to 2016, which
5406-797: The Indonesian martial art pencak silat (including the variants of pencak silat merpati putih , self periasi pencak silat , pencak silat pro patria , and pencak silat setia hati terate ), taekwondo , judo , hockey, soccer, softball, volleyball, basketball, athletics, equestrian, bridge, badminton, chess, and tennis. Arts activities include Arts Style Yogyakarta (Swagayugama), Art Style Surakarta, Balinese dance , creative dance, photography, fine arts, Gamma Band, marching band , ‘’ keroncong ’’, student choir, theatre, and other arts. Other activities include Publisher Student Press Agency, Mapagama, Student Health Unit, Scout, Satmenwa, Cooperative Students "Kopma UGM", and AIESEC . Spirituality activities include
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#17328550448865512-791: The KKN, but also international academicians, including lecturers and students, are involved in KKN-PPM UGM. In 2011, 150 international students participated in KKN-PPM, coming from many countries, such as South Korea, Australia, France, the US, and Norway. The Sports Activities Unit is coordinated by the Secretariat of Joint Sports, and the Arts Unit is coordinated by the Joint Secretariat of Arts. Sports activities include swimming, diving, inkai karate , kenpō ,
5618-409: The Mataram Sultanate finally moved to Kartasura . A civil war in the Mataram Sultanate broke out between Pakubuwono II (1745–1749), the last ruler of Kartasura , and his younger brother and heir apparent to the throne, Prince Mangkubumi (later known as Hamengkubuwono I, the first Sultan of Yogyakarta , and the founder of the current ruling royal house). Pakubuwono II had agreed to cooperate with
5724-474: The UGM establishment meeting on 20 May 1949, STT Jogjakarta changed its name to the Faculty of Engineering of UGM and admitted 205 students. The faculty consists of 3 departments: Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Chemical Engineering. Between 1957 and 1966, the engineering faculty received support from the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). UCLA gave books, equipment, and scholarships to lecturers as well as sent their professors to teach in
5830-684: The Unit of Islamic Spirituality (Jama'ah Shalahuddin), Unit of Catholic Spirituality, Christian Spirituality Unit, Hindu Spirituality Unit, Buddhism and Spiritual Unit. Reasoning activities include the Interdisciplinary Unit of Scientific Reasoning, the Gama Scholar Reasoning Unit, and the English Debating Society. There are sepeda kampus ( campus bike ) services available inside UGM, with 8 stations and 5 substations across
5936-626: The Yogyakarta court humiliated. The sultanate found itself involved in conflict again during the Java War . In 1942, the Japanese Empire invaded the Dutch East Indies and ruled Java until they were defeated in 1945. Sukarno proclaimed the independence of the Indonesian Republic on 17 August 1945; Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX promptly sent a letter to Sukarno, expressing his support for
6042-599: The Yogyakarta court to launch an attack against the British led to uneasiness among the Britons stationed in Java. On 20 June 1812, Sir Stamford Raffles led a 1,200-strong British force to capture the Yogyakarta kraton. The Yogyakarta forces, surprised by the attack, were easily defeated; the kraton fell in one day, and was subsequently sacked and burnt. The attack on the kraton was the first of its kind in Indonesian history , leaving
6148-504: The account, from a female student ("Agni"), of an alleged rape she experienced at the hands of a male fellow student ("HS") while doing a so-called "student work experience" ( Kuliah Kerja Nyata – KKN) program in Seram Island , Maluku in June 2017. However, on 4 February 2019, UGM announced the case was resolved and claimed it concluded with a rather "peaceful" resolution. When learning of
6254-463: The added prefix nga -. In the orthography of the time , the proper name was spelt with the Latin alphabet as "Jogjakarta". As the orthography of the Indonesian language changed, the consonant / j / came to be written with ⟨y⟩ , and the consonant / dʒ / with ⟨j⟩ . Personal and geographical names however, were allowed to maintain their original spelling according to contemporary Indonesian orthography . Thus,
6360-549: The anniversary of the Dutch invasion of Yogyakarta , exactly one year before 19 December 1948. The intentional date was meant to show that one year after the Netherlands had invaded the city, the government would establish a nationwide university there. When it was founded, UGM had six faculties: Medicine, Dentistry , and Pharmacy ; Law, Economics, Social and Political Sciences; Engineering; Letters, Pedagogy and Philosophy ; Agriculture; and Veterinary Medicine . From 1952 until 1972,
6466-412: The area of the Buddhist Shailendra dynasty . Mataram became the centre of a refined and sophisticated Javanese Hindu-Buddhist culture for about three centuries in the heartland of the Progo River valley , on the southern slopes of Mount Merapi volcano. This time period witnessed the construction of numerous candi , including Borobudur and Prambanan . Around the year 929 CE, the last ruler of
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#17328550448866572-418: The area traditionally known as "Mataram" became the capital of the Medang Kingdom , identified as Mdang i Bhumi Mataram established by King Sanjaya of Mataram . The inscription was found in a Hindu temple in Central Java, 40 km away from Yogyakarta and 20 km away from the giant Borobudur temple complex . This Hindu temple itself was on the border between the area of the Hindu Sañjaya dynasty and
6678-579: The basic vocabulary, such as pikir ("to think", from the Arabic fikr ), badan ("body"), mripat ("eye", thought to be derived from the Arabic ma'rifah , meaning "knowledge" or "vision"). However, these Arabic words typically have native Austronesian or Sanskrit alternatives: pikir = galih , idhep (Austronesian) and manah , cipta , or cita (from Sanskrit); badan = awak (Austronesian) and slira , sarira , or angga (from Sanskrit); and mripat = mata (Austronesian) and soca or nétra (from Sanskrit). Dutch loanwords usually have
6784-416: The buildings and other facilities belonging to the palace of Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX , who volunteered his palace for the university's use. UGM gradually established a campus of its own in Bulaksumur, on the northern side of Yogyakarta, and now occupies an area of three square kilometres. The UGM main building is called the Balairung, a rectorate building, in Sleman . Nearby is the Grha Sabha Pramana ,
6890-414: The campus. UGM campus is also served by Trans Jogja bus stations in several locations, notably near the Faculty of Medicine, Vocational School, and lecturer's eastern housing. UGM Campus Mosque is a mosque owned by UGM and situated within its campus. It was designed entirely by the students of the UGM Architecture Engineering department. It holds a maximum capacity of 10,000 pilgrims, making it one of
6996-402: The city can be written as "Yogyakarta", which is true to its original pronunciation and the Javanese script spelling, or "Jogjakarta", which is true to the old Dutch spelling and reflects popular pronunciation today, but differs from the original Ayodhya etymology. One may encounter either "Yogyakarta" or "Jogjakarta" in contemporary documents. According to the Canggal inscription dated 732 CE,
7102-421: The city, and the ruins of the Taman Sari water castle, built in 1758 as a pleasure garden. No longer in use by the Sultan, the garden was largely abandoned before being used for housing by palace employees and descendants. Reconstruction efforts began in 2004, and the site is now a popular tourist attraction. Nearby to the city of Yogyakarta is Mount Merapi , with the northern outskirts of the city running up to
7208-443: The country's largest institute of higher education and one of its most prestigious. Yogyakarta is the capital of the Yogyakarta Sultanate and served as the Indonesian capital from 1946 to 1948 during the Indonesian National Revolution , with Gedung Agung as the president's office. One of the districts in southeastern Yogyakarta, Kotagede , was the capital of the Mataram Sultanate between 1587 and 1613. The city's population
7314-684: The country, and has been credited as one of the best universities in Indonesia. In the 2024 QS World University Rankings , UGM is ranked 2nd in Indonesia and 263rd in the world. During the period when native education was often restricted, the institution was the first to open its medicine to native Indonesians when it was founded in the 1940s under Dutch rule . Comprising 18 faculties and 27 research centers, UGM offers 68 undergraduate, 23 diplomas, 104 master's and specialist, 43 doctorates, and 4 clusters of post-doctoral study programs. The university has enrolled approximately 55,000 students, 1,187 foreign students, and has 2,500 faculty members. UGM maintains
7420-669: The faculty of engineering of Gadjah Mada University. Currently, the faculty of engineering has 8 departments: Architecture & urban planning, civil & environmental engineering, geodetic engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical & industrial engineering, electrical and informatics engineering, nuclear and physic engineering, and geological engineering. Each department has been accredited by ABET (USA), IChemE (UK), ASIIN (Germany), KAAB (South Korea), AUN QA (ASEAN), IABEE (Indonesia), and BAN-PT (Indonesia) UGM has 24 university-level research and study centers: In 2013, UGM's chemistry undergraduate program received accreditation from
7526-455: The following form : CSVC, where C = consonant , S = sonorant ( /j/, /r/, /l/, /w/ , or any nasal consonant ), and V = vowel . As with other Austronesian languages, native Javanese roots consist of two syllables; words consisting of more than three syllables are broken up into groups of disyllabic words for pronunciation. In Modern Javanese, a disyllabic root is of the following type: nCsvVnCsvVC. Apart from Madurese , Javanese
7632-413: The growth reached 5.11 percent. To rapidly jumpstart the economy, a plan for the 2nd phase of Indonesian high speed train is currently being developed from Bandung to Yogyakarta & Solo , initiating construction by 2020, which is projected to be completed by 2024. This proposal would connect to other high-speed rail in Indonesia . A large majority of the population are Javanese . However, as
7738-481: The history of the Javanese language can be divided into two distinct phases: 1) Old Javanese and 2) New Javanese. The earliest attested form of Old Javanese can be found on the Sukabumi inscription at Kediri regency, East Java which dates from 804 CE. Between the 8th and the 15th century, this form of Javanese flourished in the island of Java. Old Javanese is commonly written in the form of verses. This language variety
7844-533: The largest mosques in Southeast Asia . Madya Stadium, the softball/baseball field, and the tennis courts are located in the valley of UGM. The stadium can be used for football, athletics, hockey, and other activities. These facilities are available to UGM students, staff, and the public. The Student Center Hall is used for sports activities such as basketball, volleyball, badminton, and martial arts, and for exhibitions and artistic performances. The open field in
7950-445: The last day of the program, there is a closing ceremony where students make a formation of a symbol or logo. In 2018, the students created a formation called Bersatu Nusantara Indonesia ("United Indonesian Archipelago") with the Indonesian national flag, to encourage a spirit of unity across differences in the country. In 2023, PPSMB broke a record for featuring ten different formations with just 30 minutes of preparation. UGM organizes
8056-400: The native Austronesian base. Sanskrit has had a deep and lasting influence. The Old Javanese–English Dictionary contains approximately 25,500 entries, over 12,600 of which are borrowings from Sanskrit. Such a high number is no measure of usage, but it does suggest the extent to which the language adopted Sanskrit words for formal purposes. In a typical Old Javanese literary work about 25% of
8162-599: The newly born nation of Indonesia and acknowledging the Yogyakarta Sultanate as part of the Indonesian Republic. The Sultanate of Surakarta did the same, and both of the Javanese kingdoms were accordingly awarded privileged statuses as "Special Regions" within the Indonesian Republic. However, because of a leftist anti-royalist uprising in Surakarta, the Sunanate of Surakarta lost its special administrative status in 1946 and
8268-616: The overall assessment this year, UGM ranked 87th in the world. UGM ranked 10th under the No Poverty indicator, 12th under Decent Work & Economic Growth, 20th under Zero Hunger, and 50th under the Peace, Justice, and Strong Institution indicators. In 2021, UGM ranks 16th in the world for Zero Hunger, 24th in the Partnership for the Goals indicator, 25th in the world for No Poverty indicators, and 26th in
8374-482: The population of Jakarta are of Javanese descent, so they speak Javanese or have knowledge of it. In the province of West Java , many people speak Javanese, especially those living in the areas bordering Central Java , the cultural homeland of the Javanese. Almost a quarter of the population of East Java province are Madurese (mostly on the Isle of Madura ); many Madurese have some knowledge of colloquial Javanese. Since
8480-542: The population of some 500,000 are of Javanese descent, among whom 75,000 speak Javanese. A local variant evolved: the Tyoro Jowo-Suriname or Suriname Javanese . The phonemes of Modern Standard Javanese as shown below. In closed syllables the vowels /i u e o/ are pronounced [ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔ] respectively. In open syllables, /e o/ are also [ɛ ɔ] when the following vowel is /i u/ in an open syllable; otherwise they are /ə/ , or identical ( /e...e/, /o...o/ ). In
8586-399: The precipitation in the driest months between June and September are below 100 millimetres (3.9 inches). The wettest month in Yogyakarta is January with precipitation totalling 392 millimetres (15.4 inches). The climate is influenced by the monsoon. The annual temperature is roughly about 26 to 27 Celsius. The hottest month is April with average temperature 27.1 Celsius. The city of Yogyakarta
8692-505: The present day, the Latin script dominates writings, although the Javanese script is still taught as part of the compulsory Javanese language subject in elementary up to high school levels in Yogyakarta, Central and East Java. Javanese is the twenty-second largest language by native speakers and the seventh largest language without official status at the national level. It is spoken or understood by approximately 100 million people. At least 45% of
8798-459: The rape allegation, UGM–KKN officials chose not to forward Agni's accusation to the police. Instead, they were skeptical of Agni's account. Regardless, HS was pulled from the KKN program about a week later because he was deemed to be "incompatible" with other KKN participants. After Agni returned to Yogyakarta in September 2017, she received a C-grade for the program, apparently in retaliation for
8904-637: The reign of King Wawa of Mataram (924–929 CE), Merapi erupted and devastated the kingdom's capital in Mataram. During the Majapahit era, the area surrounding modern Yogyakarta was identified again as "Mataram" and recognised as one of the twelve Majapahit provinces in Java ruled by Bhre Mataram . During the reign of the fourth king of the Majapahit Empire, the Hindu King Hayam Wuruk (1350–1389) of
9010-482: The religious composition in Yogyakarta was distributed over Islam (82.32%), Catholicism (10,66%), Protestantism (6.54%), Buddhism (0.34%), Hinduism (0.13%), and Confucianism (0.01%). Yogyakarta has been traditionally known as a region where different faiths live in harmony , but in recent years religious intolerance has grown. In 2018, the governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta , Hamengkubuwono X , called for religious freedoms to be preserved after
9116-535: The ruling house of Yogyakarta today. Sultan Hamengkubuwono I and his family officially moved into the Palace of Yogyakarta , still the seat of the reigning sultan , on 7 October 1756. These events consequently marked the end of the Mataram Sultanate, resulting in the births of the rival Yogyakarta Sultanate and the Surakarta Sunanate . During the brief period of British rule over Java in 1811, rumours of plans by
9222-490: The same form and meaning as in Indonesian, with a few exceptions such as: The word sepur also exists in Indonesian, but there it has preserved the literal Dutch meaning of "railway tracks", while the Javanese word follows Dutch figurative use, and "spoor" (lit. "rail") is used as metonymy for "trein" (lit. "train"). (Compare a similar metonymic use in English: "to travel by rail" may be used for "to travel by train".) Malay
9328-527: The semester after the alleged rape, and he is expected to graduate soon. UGM spokesperson Iva Ariani confirmed the account as told in Balairungpress.com and says that the university is now taking further steps to investigate the rape allegation. She admitted to Kompas that the case was happened, that UGM has "extraordinary empathy" for the victim and also "concerned" about the incident. On 2 May 2024, coinciding with National Education Day , students held
9434-443: The shame her allegation had brought upon an official. Agni then filed a formal complaint about her alleged rape to higher-ranking officials at the university, who raised her grade to A/B but still did not report HS to law enforcement. Instead, the university agreed to pay for the counseling Agni had been seeking to deal with her trauma, as well as requiring HS to go to counseling as well. HS was allowed to take part in another KKN program
9540-482: The six provinces of Java itself, and in the neighboring Sumatran province of Lampung . The language is spoken in Yogyakarta , Central and East Java , as well as on the north coast of West Java and Banten . It is also spoken elsewhere by the Javanese people in other provinces of Indonesia, who are numerous due to the government-sanctioned transmigration program in the late 20th century, including Lampung , Jambi , and North Sumatra provinces. In Suriname, Javanese
9646-521: The southern slopes of the mountain in Sleman Regency . Mount Merapi (literally "mountain of fire" in both Indonesian and Javanese), is an active stratovolcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548, with the last eruption occurring in May 2018. Yogyakarta features a tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen : Am ) as
9752-409: The standard dialect of Surakarta, /a/ is pronounced [ɔ] in word-final open syllables, and in any open penultimate syllable before such an [ɔ] . The Javanese "voiced" phonemes are not in fact voiced but voiceless, with breathy voice on the following vowel. The relevant distinction in phonation of the plosives is described as stiff voice versus slack voice . A Javanese syllable can have
9858-413: The stratification of Javanese into speech levels such as ngoko and krama , which were unknown in Old Javanese. Books in Javanese have been printed since 1830s, at first using the Javanese script , although the Latin alphabet started to be used later. Since mid-19th century, Javanese has been used in newspapers and travelogues, and later, also novels, short stories, as well as free verses. Today, it
9964-474: The total population of Indonesia are of Javanese descent or live in an area where Javanese is the dominant language. All seven Indonesian presidents since 1945 have been of Javanese descent. It is therefore not surprising that Javanese has had a deep influence on the development of Indonesian, the national language of Indonesia . There are three main dialects of the modern language: Central Javanese, Eastern Javanese, and Western Javanese. These three dialects form
10070-435: The university's headquarters for a demonstration that was said to be the biggest after the 1998 national demonstration . The demonstration went peacefully, with no damage reported by the university, although it got a bit heated when the university's rector, Mrs. Dwikorita Karnawati, claimed that the demonstration was a simulation officially held by UGM. Three factors led to this demonstration: tuition ( uang kuliah tunggal ) that
10176-598: The valley of UGM can be used for musical performances or other student activities that require a wide open space. Some of Gadjah Mada University's inventions are displayed in the University Museum along with the university's collections and memorabilia. UGM also has several student dormitories across Yogyakarta. The Yogyakarta Principles —a set of principles outlined in Geneva, Switzerland , which were intended to apply international human rights law guidelines in support of
10282-556: The vocabulary is from Sanskrit. Many Javanese personal names also have clearly recognisable Sanskrit roots. Sanskrit words are still very much in use. Modern speakers may describe Old Javanese and Sanskrit words as kawi (roughly meaning "literary"); but kawi words may also be from Arabic . Dutch and Malay are influential as well; but none of these rivals the position of Sanskrit. There are far fewer Arabic loanwords in Javanese than in Malay, and they are usually concerned with Islamic religion. Nevertheless, some words have entered
10388-631: The world for the indicator for Mainland Ecosystems (Life on Land). For the Clean Water and Sanitation indicator, UGM ranks 34th in the world, and the Decent Work and Economic Growth indicator ranks 41st in the world. For the Reduced Inequalities indicator, it ranks 49th in the world. UGM also ranks 51–100 in the world for 5 SDGs, 101-200 for the 2 SDGs, and 201-300 for the other three SDGs. Every year UGM welcomes new undergraduate students by holding
10494-454: Was 388,627 at the 2010 Census, and 373,589 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 375,699, composed of 182,840 males and 192,859 females. Its metropolitan area was home to 4,010,436 inhabitants in 2010, which includes the city of Magelang and 65 districts across Sleman , Klaten , Bantul , Kulon Progo and Magelang regencies. Yogyakarta has one of the highest HDI (Human Development Index) in Indonesia. Yogyakarta
10600-751: Was absorbed into Central Java Province. Yogyakarta's support was essential in the Indonesian struggle for independence during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949). The city of Yogyakarta became the capital of the Indonesian Republic from 1946 to 1948, after the fall of Jakarta to the Dutch. Later the Dutch also invaded Yogyakarta , causing the Republic's capital to be transferred once again, to Bukittinggi in West Sumatra on 19 December 1948. The General Offensive of 1 March 1949 resulted in an Indonesian political and strategic victory against
10706-399: Was also adopted (as Pegon ) to write Javanese. The rise of Mataram in the 17th century shifted the main literary form of Javanese to be based on the inland variety. This written tradition was preserved by writers of Surakarta and Yogyakarta , and later became the basis of the modern written standard of the language. Another linguistic development associated with the rise of Mataram is
10812-444: Was deemed too expensive; the university's status as a "state university with corporation status" (PTNBH), which led to the tuition fee rate ruling by the university; and to stop the relocation of so-called "bonbin" canteen located between Faculty of Cultural Sciences and Faculty of Psychology. On 5 November 2018, UGM's student publication body BPPM Balairung through its online portal Balairungpress.com published an article containing
10918-418: Was influenced by Indonesian’s first person plural inclusive pronoun. Pronoun pluralization can be ignored or expressed by using phrases such as aku kabèh 'we', awaké dhéwé 'us', dhèwèké kabèh 'them' and so on. Personal pronoun in Javanese, especially for the second and third person, are more often replaced by certain nouns or titles. In addition to the pronoun described in the table below, Javanese still has
11024-476: Was still facing threats from the Netherlands , which wanted to regain control . At the time, the capital of Indonesia had moved from Jakarta to Yogyakarta . UGM was established through Government Regulation (PP) No. 23 of 1949, regarding the merger of colleges to form a university. Although the regulations were dated 16 December, UGM's inauguration took place on 19 December, intentionally chosen to coincide with
11130-408: Was the lingua franca of the Indonesian archipelago before the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945; and Indonesian, which was based on Malay, is now the official language of Indonesia. As a consequence, there has been an influx of Malay and Indonesian vocabulary into Javanese. Many of these words are concerned with bureaucracy or politics. [Javanese Ngoko is on the left, and Javanese Krama
11236-543: Was used daily in approximately 43% of Indonesian households. By this reckoning there were well over 60 million Javanese speakers, from a national population of 147,490,298. In Banten, the descendants of the Central Javanese conquerors who founded the Islamic Sultanate there in the 16th century still speak an archaic form of Javanese. The rest of the population mainly speaks Sundanese and Indonesian, since this province borders directly on Jakarta. At least one third of
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