A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person .
157-518: Gakuto Oshiro ( 大城 ガクト , Ōshiro Gakuto , born July 4, 1973) , better known by his mononymous stage name Gackt (stylized in all caps ), is a Japanese singer-songwriter, musician, record producer and actor. Born in Okinawa , Japan , to a Ryukyuan family, Gackt learned the piano at a young age and was raised on classical music and enka before becoming interested in rock music while attending high school. He has been active since 1993, first as
314-594: A Latinized version (where "u" become "v", and "j" becomes "i") of his family surname , "Arouet, l[e] j[eune]" ("Arouet, the young"); it reversed the syllables of the name of the town his father came from, Airvault; and it has implications of speed and daring through similarity to French expressions such as voltige , volte-face and volatile . "Arouet" would not have served the purpose, given that name's associations with " roué " and with an expression that meant "for thrashing". The 19th-century French author Marie-Henri Beyle (1783–1842) used many pen names , most famously
471-436: A closed tube when the player presses it to the lips; therefore, the instrument only naturally produces every other overtone of the harmonic series. The shape of the bell makes the missing overtones audible. Most notes in the series are slightly out of tune and modern trumpets have slide mechanisms for the first and third valves with which the player can compensate by throwing (extending) or retracting one or both slides, using
628-406: A perfect fourth (five semitones). Used singly and in combination these valves make the instrument fully chromatic , i.e., able to play all twelve pitches of classical music. For more information about the different types of valves, see Brass instrument valves . The overall pitch of the trumpet can be raised or lowered by the use of the tuning slide. Pulling the slide out lowers the pitch; pushing
785-532: A Germanic source (compare Old High German trumpa , Old Norse trumba 'trumpet'), of imitative origin." The earliest trumpets date back to 2000 BC and earlier. The bronze and silver Tutankhamun's trumpets from his grave in Egypt, bronze lurs from Scandinavia, and metal trumpets from China date back to this period. Trumpets from the Oxus civilization (3rd millennium BC) of Central Asia have decorated swellings in
942-530: A band. During this time, the band's fame soared; and, after four years and two studio albums, in January 1999, it was officially announced that he left the band. According to his autobiography, the members' differences, the sudden income of money, and his isolation from the band led to his departure. Mana said he contacted Gackt in regards to him participating in the band's 25th anniversary concerts in September 2018, but
1099-438: A co-leading role as 18-year-old student Rei Asami in a live adaptation movie of the 1980s comedy manga Tonde Saitama ( 翔んで埼玉 ) , written by Mineo Maya ( 魔夜峰央 ) . The film was released in early 2019 to critical acclaim, and Gackt was nominated at the 43rd Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role . In October 2022 was confirmed to have started working on Tonde Saitama sequel, which
1256-640: A combination of two personal names typically given by a Buddhist monk. There are no inherited family names; instead, Bhutanese differentiate themselves with nicknames or prefixes. In the Near East 's Arab world, the Syrian poet Ali Ahmad Said Esber (born 1930) at age 17 adopted the mononym pseudonym, Adunis , sometimes also spelled "Adonis". A perennial contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature, he has been described as
1413-676: A concert at the Nippon Budokan , Yellow Fried Chickenz was disbanded. On March 18 and 19, 2012, Gackt appeared at the Gala party for FilmAid Asia , and the 6th Asian Film Awards , where he also performed, as part of Hong Kong International Film Festival in Hong Kong . On March 29, Gackt performed the national anthem Kimigayo at the Major League Baseball season opening game in Tokyo Dome. It
1570-697: A concert on January 14, in Korea, at Fencing Stadium in Korean Olympic Park , which was his first Asian solo concert. In the same month his twenty-fourth single, " Redemption " was released, which included theme songs "Redemption" and "Longing" of the Square Enix game, Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII . On February 28, he appeared at the graduation of the Maiko High School in Hyōgo Prefecture . Besides
1727-424: A female, being a drummer of SEX Japan (pun on Yoshiki and his band X Japan ), or a guitarist of The Balue Hearts (pun on The Blue Hearts ) among others. Gackt's example of a more typical concert is D.r.u.g. Party tour (2006-2007) featuring his rock songs, with Oricon review noting his eroticism and charisma while performing, and Gackt considering it his and worldwide's pinnacle of an all-out androgynous style by
SECTION 10
#17328553610801884-635: A film he wrote, Moon Child , his international debut Bunraku , Japan Academy award nomination performance for Best Actor in Fly Me to the Saitama , and TV series most notably as Uesugi Kenshin in the NHK drama Fūrin Kazan . He also performed live in theatre stage plays, Nemuri Kyoshiro Buraihikae and a duology he has written, composed, and directed Moon Saga: Mysteries of Yoshitsune I & II . He also provided
2041-451: A girl, Mami who mysteriously disappears. In the same year he voiced Maten Ruedo in the mobile game Othellonia , was a voice actor for The Fiend with Twenty Faces providing also opening and ending theme songs for the anime Trickster , and also dubbed the main role played by Tom Hiddleston in the Japanese dub of Kong: Skull Island . In August 2018, it was announced that Gackt will have
2198-638: A given name and a surname. Some companies get around this by entering the mononym as both the given name and the surname. Trumpet Plucked The trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles . The trumpet group ranges from the piccolo trumpet —with the highest register in the brass family—to the bass trumpet , pitched one octave below the standard B ♭ or C trumpet. Trumpet-like instruments have historically been used as signaling devices in battle or hunting, with examples dating back to at least 2000 BC. They began to be used as musical instruments only in
2355-455: A hanging banner. This instrument is mostly used for ceremonial events such as parades and fanfares . David Monette designed the flumpet in 1989 for jazz musician Art Farmer . It is a hybrid of a trumpet and a flugelhorn, pitched in B ♭ and using three piston valves. Other variations include rotary-valve , or German, trumpets (which are commonly used in professional German and Austrian orchestras), alto and Baroque trumpets , and
2512-503: A kind of music called by Gackt as " Zipangu rock" from which can be sensed it originates from Japan. Gackt often "stressed the beauty and importance of Japanese lyrics", writing "all of his music and lyrics to quality, not quantity". He uses double meaning words, and lyrics are "meaningful and heartfelt". They also deal with emotions of sadness, kindness, coexistence, beauty, fragility, depth of love for others and loneliness among many others. His process of writing songs and making concerts
2669-647: A lifetime. In European and American histories, prominent Native Americans are usually mononymous, using a name that was frequently garbled and simplified in translation. For example, the Aztec emperor whose name was preserved in Nahuatl documents as Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin was called "Montezuma" in subsequent histories. In current histories he is often named Moctezuma II , using the European custom of assigning regnal numbers to hereditary heads of state. Some French authors have shown
2826-693: A live tour "Last Songs 2023" with South Korean singer-pianist K with whom collaborated two years ago, performing ballads and other songs in arrangements with strings and piano. In September 2023 made a surprise appearance and talk show at the "Thai-Japan Iconic Music Fest" held at Iconsiam in Bangkok, Thailand. In November published his second autobiography Confession II ( 自白II , Jihaku II ) , and expressed desire to perform worldwide. In February 2024, Gackt collaborated with Japanese band Tube on their single "Sayonara no Kawaii ni", which performed together at Gackt's "Last Songs 2024 feat. K" tour. On November 10,
2983-425: A lot of requests to tour worldwide, but such large-scale shows are difficult to have in foreign countries and need significant logistical support for transportation. Similarly his Camui Gakuen festival shows (2009-2019) have Gackt performing cover versions conceptualized around a same-titled fictional school where Gackt acts as the student council president wearing a school uniform. He can be seen cross-dressing as
3140-503: A man. Mononymous person A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan , Bhutan , Indonesia (especially by the Javanese ), Myanmar , Mongolia , Tibet , and South India . In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt
3297-560: A mononym as a chosen name, pen name , stage name , or regnal name . A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today. The word mononym comes from English mono- ("one", "single") and -onym ("name", "word"), ultimately from Greek mónos (μόνος, "single"), and ónoma (ὄνομα, "name"). The structure of persons' names has varied across time and geography. In some societies, individuals have been mononymous, receiving only
SECTION 20
#17328553610803454-453: A neurological vocal condition that prevents him from singing and other activities. In his promise of recovery vowed to make a new album and tour in the future. On May 17, 2022, it was announced that he was not fully recovered but will resume activities by the end of the year, and in January 2023 stated to feel at "80%". On January 28, 2023, Gackt sang the national anthem at the sumo retirement ceremony in honor of Hakuhō Shō . In March started
3611-463: A preference for mononyms. In the 17th century, the dramatist and actor Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (1622–73) took the mononym stage name Molière. In the 18th century, François-Marie Arouet (1694–1778) adopted the mononym Voltaire , for both literary and personal use, in 1718 after his imprisonment in Paris' Bastille , to mark a break with his past. The new name combined several features. It was an anagram for
3768-415: A rounded rectangular shape. There are many distinct types of trumpet, with the most common being pitched in B ♭ (a transposing instrument ), having a tubing length of about 1.48 m (4 ft 10 in). The cornet is very similar to the trumpet but has a conical bore (trumpet has a cylindrical bore) and its tubing is generally wound differently. Early trumpets did not provide means to change
3925-464: A single name. Alulim , first king of Sumer , is one of the earliest names known; Narmer , an ancient Egyptian pharaoh , is another. In addition, Biblical names like Adam , Eve , Moses , or Abraham , were typically mononymous, as were names in the surrounding cultures of the Fertile Crescent . Ancient Greek names like Heracles , Homer , Plato , Socrates , and Aristotle , also follow
4082-484: A sound technician at a studio where he could practice drums. When Gackt was twenty-years old, he met guitarist You Kurosaki, his future solo career support guitarist, at a music live house in Kyoto. They formed the band, Cains:Feel, whose name had biblical reference to the story of Cain and Abel . The group lacked a vocalist, so Gackt became the frontman , and the band went to record a demo tape before disbanding. In 1995, he
4239-504: A special guest star, and he appeared and performed at the 2007 Japan-China Cultural Exchange Grand Concert Final in Beijing where sang "Jūnigatsu no Love Song" in Japanese, Korean, and Mandarin. On December 19, Gackt released a compilation album, 0079–0088 , including songs used in the Gundam franchise. Gackt also performed at the 58th Kōhaku Uta Gassen . In December 2008, Gackt returned to
4396-433: A straight mute with an additional, bell-facing cup at the end, and produces a darker tone than a straight mute. The harmon mute is made of metal (usually aluminum or copper ) and consists of a "stem" inserted into a large chamber. The stem can be extended or removed to produce different timbres, and waving one's hand in front of the mute produces a "wah-wah" sound, hence the mute's colloquial name. Using standard technique,
4553-461: A total of 20 performances in eight cities in total, with an audience of about 60,000 people. In the late 2020 provided theme song "Exterminate" for the theatre play Road59 . In June and July 2021 held a live tour "Last Songs 2021" with South Korean singer-pianist K . On September 8, 2021 it was announced that Gackt would go on an indefinite hiatus for a medical treatment of prolonged neurological disorder from childhood which caused severe dysphonia ,
4710-454: A trade name of the Humes & Berg company. They are often held in place with cork. To better keep the mute in place, players sometimes dampen the cork by blowing warm, moist air on it. The straight mute is conical and constructed of either metal (usually aluminum )—which produces a bright, piercing sound—or another material, which produces a darker, stuffier sound. The cup mute is shaped like
4867-688: A tradition of single names. In modern times, in countries that have long been part of the East Asian cultural sphere (Japan, the Koreas, Vietnam, and China), mononyms are rare. An exception pertains to the Emperor of Japan . Mononyms are common in Indonesia , especially in Javanese names . Single names still also occur in Tibet . Most Afghans also have no surname. In Bhutan , most people use either only one name or
Gackt - Misplaced Pages Continue
5024-480: A typical pitch standard near A=466 Hz. No known instruments from this period survive, so the details—and even the existence—of a Renaissance slide trumpet is a matter of debate among scholars. While there is documentation (written and artistic) of its existence, there is also conjecture that its slide would have been impractical. Some slide trumpet designs saw use in England in the 18th century. The pocket trumpet
5181-542: A video game Dirge of Cerberus , and again in 2007 for a video game Crisis Core , where the character Genesis Rhapsodos was modeled on, voiced and co-created by Gackt. Besides that, Gackt composed and performed two theme songs for the first game, which were released in the single " Redemption ". In 2007, Gackt played the Sengoku-period daimyō Uesugi Kenshin in the NHK Taiga drama , Fūrin Kazan , for which he
5338-411: A video of relief has a separate set of songs and MC with audience engaging in playful entertainment, and fourthly has ending conceptual performance and closing movie. Reviewers described them as rock spectacles with a teartful story that will make the audience wishing for a peaceful world. During the performance of " Rain " on 2002 and 2003 tours had the water drops falling like a rain from the ceiling onto
5495-510: A wide selection of mutes: common ones include the straight mute , cup mute , harmon mute (wah-wah or wow-wow mute, among other names ), plunger , bucket mute , and practice mute . A straight mute is generally used when the type of mute is not specified. Jazz and commercial music call for a wider range of mutes than most classical music and many mutes were invented for jazz orchestrators. Mutes can be made of many materials, including fiberglass, plastic, cardboard, metal, and "stone lining",
5652-429: Is a compact B ♭ trumpet. The bell is usually smaller than a standard trumpet bell and the tubing is more tightly wound to reduce the instrument size without reducing the total tube length. Its design is not standardized, and the quality of various models varies greatly. It can have a unique warm sound and voice-like articulation. Since many pocket trumpet models suffer from poor design as well as poor manufacturing,
5809-442: Is a vampire story although by itself it is not, as the vampires were presented as a way of expressing a certain evil side and existence of humans. The theme is based around the existential questions of humanity, a symbolical and psychological story about the repetition of human sins, war and the question of what is the ultimate meaning of human life; and story of "Requiem et Reminiscence" or short "ЯR" ( Rebirth , Re:Born ), which
5966-511: Is again a thriving art around the world. Many modern players in Germany and the UK who perform Baroque music use a version of the natural trumpet fitted with three or four vent holes to aid in correcting out-of-tune notes in the harmonic series. The melody-dominated homophony of the classical and romantic periods relegated the trumpet to a secondary role by most major composers owing to the limitations of
6123-563: Is also possible to produce pedal tones below the low F ♯ , which is a device occasionally employed in the contemporary repertoire for the instrument. Contemporary music for the trumpet makes wide uses of extended trumpet techniques. Flutter tonguing : The trumpeter rolls the tip of the tongue (as if rolling an "R" in Spanish) to produce a 'growling like' tone. This technique is widely employed by composers like Berio and Stockhausen . Growling : Simultaneously playing tone and using
6280-422: Is at the same pitch as a trombone and is usually played by a trombone player, although its music is written in treble clef . Most bass trumpets are pitched in either C or B ♭ . The C bass trumpet sounds an octave lower than written, and the B ♭ bass sounds a major ninth (B ♭ ) lower, making them both transposing instruments . The historical slide trumpet was probably first developed in
6437-449: Is by first writing the story, then writing and composing the songs based on it with a specific image in the live performance. It results in songs that are conceptually related, but still independent from each other. Most of his studio albums are conceived around two conceptual stories: story of "Moon Saga" ( Moon , Crescent , Diabolos , Last Moon ), set in Asia (mostly Japan) and Europe
Gackt - Misplaced Pages Continue
6594-411: Is close to the note shown, it is flat relative to equal temperament , and use of those fingerings is generally avoided. The fingering schema arises from the length of each valve's tubing (a longer tube produces a lower pitch). Valve "1" increases the tubing length enough to lower the pitch by one whole step, valve "2" by one half step, and valve "3" by one and a half steps. This scheme and the nature of
6751-429: Is constructed of brass tubing bent twice into a rounded oblong shape. As with all brass instruments, sound is produced by blowing air through slightly separated lips, producing a "buzzing" sound into the mouthpiece and starting a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the trumpet. The player can select the pitch from a range of overtones or harmonics by changing the lip aperture and tension (known as
6908-574: Is his first and only single to reach the number one spot on the Oricon charts. As a solo artist, Gackt has sold over 10 million records. In 2007 became a founding member of S.K.I.N. , a Japanese visual kei rock supergroup, and in 2010 formed his own band project Yellow Fried Chickenz . Besides being established in the modern entertainment industry and considered a pop icon, Gackt's music has been used as theme songs for video games ( Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII ), video game films ( Dragon Age: Dawn of
7065-515: Is set in Nazi Germany during the World War II and questions where humans start and end and why at the same time destructive and loving, humanity decides to start wars. Gackt is known for his unique concerts, which he wants to preserve as works of art. His conceptual kind of concerts related to "Moon Saga" and "Requiem et Reminiscence" are different from typical music concerts neither they fit in
7222-698: The Apple Store in Ginza , Tokyo, where besides advertising the first iPhone , Gackt announced he would have his entire back catalog, with new, previously toured, live song recordings, put up on the iTunes Store , as well as that " The Greatest Filmography " would be released on October 9 in the United States and Canada . His album Diabolos was released on October 26 in eighteen European countries. On November 17 and 27, he performed at M.net/Km Music Video Festival in Korea as
7379-603: The John Lennon song " Love ", at the "Dream Power: John Lennon Super Live" concert organized by Yoko Ono in Saitama Super Arena . Besides the film and musical recordings for the project, in October he published a novel Moon Child Requiem ( Moon Child 鎮魂歌 ) . On November 12, the sixteenth single, " Last Song ", was released and peaked at number five. It spent 13 weeks on the charts and was certified gold by RIAJ. On December 3,
7536-575: The Ryukyu Kingdom . He was also a voice actor of Knight Commander and theme song " Until The Last Day " performer for the video game animated film, Dragon Age: Dawn of the Seeker . In 2012, Gackt appeared in the Sengoku Basara television drama, Sengoku Basara: Moonlight Party , as the games' depiction of warlord Oda Nobunaga . He also performed the series' theme song " Hakuro " (his 42nd single). He
7693-521: The Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra . In 2014, since February 12, with the release of his forty-fourth single " P.S. I Love U ", his records were released by his independent record label G&Lovers (G-PRO), distributed by Crown Tokuma . In August 2014 was released second novel related to the story of "Moon Saga" (also Gackt's theatre play ). On October 1, Gackt released his forty-fifth single, " Akatsukizukuyo (Day Breakers) ". On December 26,
7850-566: The Vienna valve trumpet (primarily used in Viennese brass ensembles and orchestras such as the Vienna Philharmonic and Mnozil Brass ). The trumpet is often confused with its close relative the cornet , which has a more conical tubing shape compared to the trumpet's more cylindrical tube. This, along with additional bends in the cornet's tubing, gives the cornet a slightly mellower tone, but
8007-453: The embouchure ). The mouthpiece has a circular rim, which provides a comfortable environment for the lips' vibration. Directly behind the rim is the cup, which channels the air into a much smaller opening (the back bore or shank) that tapers out slightly to match the diameter of the trumpet's lead pipe. The dimensions of these parts of the mouthpiece affect the timbre or quality of sound, the ease of playability, and player comfort. Generally,
SECTION 50
#17328553610808164-431: The embouchure . Standard fingerings above high C are the same as for the notes an octave below (C ♯ is 1–2, D is 1, etc.). Each overtone series on the trumpet begins with the first overtone—the fundamental of each overtone series cannot be produced except as a pedal tone . Notes in parentheses are the sixth overtone, representing a pitch with a frequency of seven times that of the fundamental; while this pitch
8321-515: The original video animation , New Fist of the North Star , for which two of his older songs were used as themes and released as a single " Lu:na/Oasis ". Gackt also assisted as a model and provided the voice and the motion capture for a main character Lau Wong in the video game Bujingai by Taito and Red Entertainment . His next involvement was in 2006, with the Final Fantasy franchise, for
8478-401: The 17th and 18th centuries, most Italian castrato singers used mononyms as stage names (e.g. Caffarelli , Farinelli ). The German writer, mining engineer, and philosopher Georg Friedrich Philipp Freiherr von Hardenberg (1772–1801) became famous as Novalis . The 18th-century Italian painter Bernardo Bellotto , who is now ranked as an important and original painter in his own right, traded on
8635-606: The 2009 Animelo Summer Live concert. In October, Gackt performed as the main artist in the Wow Live! Thanks For Music show held in Yoyogi National Gymnasium, in Japan. On December 2, he released his seventh studio album, Re:Born , which also featured RR II story related audio drama . It reached number nine on the charts. On December 9 was released his thirty-six single " Setsugekka (The End of Silence)/Zan ", it reached Top 5 on
8792-509: The 55th Kōhaku Uta Gassen . In January 2005, Gackt released the single " Arittake no Ai de ", which peaked at number seven, and his fifth studio album, Love Letter , on Valentine's Day . It peaked at number five, spent 13 weeks on the charts, was certified gold by RIAJ, and was re-recorded in Korean and released in June for the Korean market. In April he returned to dark rock style and "Moon Saga" with
8949-581: The A, B ♭ , D, E ♭ , E, or F trumpet on the C trumpet or B ♭ trumpet. The smallest trumpets are referred to as piccolo trumpets . The most common models are built to play in both B ♭ and A, with separate leadpipes for each key. The tubing in the B ♭ piccolo trumpet is one-half the length of that in a standard B ♭ trumpet making it sound an octave higher. Piccolo trumpets in G, F and C are also manufactured, but are less common. Almost all piccolo trumpets have four valves instead of three—the fourth valve usually lowers
9106-550: The Biggest Rock Acts in Japan (2005) noted his "talent for orchestration and for blending classical elements into the rock genre ... and his style ranges from romantically classical to experimental and unfolding progressive rock". Many songs, like for example " Mind Forest ", " Metamorphoze ", " Returner (Yami no Shūen) ", and those related to the album Last Moon , are distinctive for their blend of modern Western musical instruments and traditional Japanese musical instruments ,
9263-790: The French animated-live action film, Arthur and the Minimoys . In 2008, Gackt was filming in Romania for his first international film debut, Bunraku , which was released in 2010. The next year he appeared as a prisoner Takegami Teijiro on death row in the second episode of the TV series, Mr. Brain , and Joji Yuki in the film Kamen Rider Decade: All Riders vs. Dai-Shocker . In 2008 and 2009 collaborated as an actor, with main character based on him and were used his songs in two slo- pachinko 's, Yamasa Digi World SP Bounty Killer and Gladiator Evolution . In 2010, he
9420-469: The Indonesian Tokusatsu series, Bima Satria Garuda , as "Noir", the mysterious " Bima Legend " Knight from Parallel World. In 2014, he repeated his role in the movie Akumu-chan , and starred in the drama Time Spiral as a time-traveler university professor Shuya Tatsumi, based on the web novel Tokeru Rasen ( 解 け る 螺旋 ) by Eren Mizumori ( 水守恵蓮 ) . Gackt collaborated with Square Enix on
9577-660: The Saitama Super Arena. He also joined the live broadcast of Fuji TV as a special guest commentator for the main and semi-final matches. On March 22, 2019, Gackt participated as a representative of Japan at the Hong Kong Asian-Pop Music Festival. On July 4, 2019, a concert was held in celebration of his 46th birthday and 20th anniversary of solo career at Pacifico Yokohama . The 20th anniversary national tour Khaos started at Grand Cube Osaka on January 11 and ended at Fukuoka Sunpalace on February 29, 2020,
SECTION 60
#17328553610809734-531: The Seeker ), anime series/films ( New Fist of the North Star , Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam , Texhnolyze and Trickster ) and television series ( Kamen Rider Decade ). In addition to his music career, Gackt has voice acted (including characters inspired by him in video games like in Bujingai and Genesis Rhapsodos in Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII ), and live acted in a few films, including
9891-535: The TV show Ima Hadaka ni Shitai Otoko-tachi ( いま裸にしたい男たち ) , then participated in the children's documentary, Hero's Hero , both aired on NHK . In 2003, he worked on the script and starred as Shō in his film, Moon Child , which was filmed in Taiwan. It was released on April 19 in Japan, and screened on May 13 at the Cannes Film Festival and on April 12, 2004, at Philadelphia Film Festival . He voiced Seiji in
10048-494: The Yokohama Arena. It had an attendance of 80,000 people. In July, it was accompanied with the release of two compilation albums, Mild and Wild , including two new songs "Claymore" and "Sakura Chiru...". On December 22, the final concert of the fourth festival of cover concerts was held, which conceptualized around a fictional school, "Camui Gakuen". On December 26, a special live concert was held where Gackt performed along with
10205-453: The back of the tongue to vibrate the uvula, creating a distinct sound. Most trumpet players will use a plunger with this technique to achieve a particular sound heard in a lot of Chicago Jazz of the 1950s. Double tonguing : The player articulates using the syllables ta-ka ta-ka ta-ka . Triple tonguing : The same as double tonguing, but with the syllables ta-ta-ka ta-ta-ka ta-ta-ka . Doodle tongue : The trumpeter tongues as if saying
10362-468: The beauty, depth, fun, sadness, the kindness of music; that music could grant people courage, and the meaning of the layers of sound. It isn't an exaggeration to say Chopin is the foundation of my music". Since his father played the trumpet, Gackt is also familiar with brass instruments . Having only listened to classical music and enka while growing up, he did not become interested in rock music until high school, and went on to master modern percussion . In
10519-506: The characters Uesugi Kenshin and Sengoku Gackt which was modelled after him as well as provided the opening theme song of the mobile game Sengoku Shura Soul . In early 2016, it was announced that Gackt was to have his first lead role after 14 years in the movie Karanukan (2018) directed by Yasuhiro Hamano ( 浜野安宏 ) . The movie is set at the Yaeyama Islands of Okinawa , and Gackt portrays photographer Hikaru Ooyama who falls in love with
10676-469: The charts, and was certified gold by RIAJ. On July 4 was held the final concert of the tour at the Yokohama Arena. In October, the eighteenth single, " Kimi ni Aitakute ", was released. It peaked at number two, spent 17 weeks on the charts, and was certified gold by RIAJ. In December, he appeared and performed at the M.net/Km Music Video Festival , where he received the award for " Best Asian Rock Artist ". On New Year's Eve, Gackt performed "Kimi ni Aitakute" at
10833-525: The charts. He also appeared in the film as Decade ' s iteration of the character Jōji Yūki . The collaboration finished in January 2010 with the release of the final single, " Stay the Ride Alive ", which charted the same as his previous one. In September, he performed as a representative of Japan at the Asia Song Festival at Seoul World Cup Stadium in Korea. In September he also participated in
10990-517: The charts. On December 12, he held a fanclub cover concert conceptualized around fictional school, "Camui Gakuen", at the Saitama Super Arena. In 2010, on February 14, Gackt participated as a representative of Japan at the Asia Pops Festival held in Niigata , in homage for the victims of 2007 Chūetsu earthquake. On March 6 and 7, he performed the theme songs " Setsugekka (The End of Silence)/Zan " at
11147-415: The charts. The seventh single, " Secret Garden ", was released on November 16; it reached number ten, and charted for five weeks. On December 16, 2000, Gackt released the first in the series of Platinum Boxes . In 2001, on March 14, Gackt released his eighth single, " Kimi no Tame ni Dekiru Koto ", which peaked at number six, and charted for 18 weeks, Gackt's longest-charted single until 2009. On April 25,
11304-609: The clan) – the nomen and cognomen were almost always hereditary. Mononyms in other ancient cultures include Hannibal , the Celtic queen Boudica , and the Numidian king Jugurtha . During the early Middle Ages , mononymity slowly declined, with northern and eastern Europe keeping the tradition longer than the south. The Dutch Renaissance scholar and theologian Erasmus is a late example of mononymity; though sometimes referred to as "Desiderius Erasmus" or "Erasmus of Rotterdam", he
11461-439: The early 1990s, Gackt was working as a host and dealer in a casino, while also being an assistant drummer for an amateur band. At the time he wanted to become more serious about his music activity but had a negative perspective on life. While at the casino, he met a businessman who inspired him to find a purpose in life, that being music. About a year later he left the band and he found himself working multiple jobs, among them as
11618-619: The emperor and his family have no surname, only a given name, such as Hirohito , which in practice in Japanese is rarely used: out of respect and as a measure of politeness, Japanese prefer to say "the Emperor" or "the Crown Prince". Roman Catholic popes have traditionally adopted a single, regnal name upon their election . John Paul I broke with this tradition – adopting a double name honoring his two predecessors – and his successor John Paul II followed suit, but Benedict XVI reverted to
11775-416: The festival organized by Koei to promote their new Wii game, Samurai Warriors 3 , at the Saitama Super Arena. On April 17, he officially announced that he transferred from Nippon Crown to Avex Group 's recording conglomerate. Prior to the transferring to Avex, he organized a band project Yellow Fried Chickenz , whose name refers to human cowardice, that included Chachamaru and Shinya Yamada . Besides
11932-648: The final boss in Mobile Suit Gundam: Extreme Vs. . In 2011, he was a voice actor for the sequel of the Tono to Issho anime series, Andy in Supernatural: The Animation (episode 21 first season), and Dante in Sket Dance for which he also performed its theme " Graffiti " as well. He appeared in the TV drama, Tempest ( テンペスト ) in which he played Jotei Gai, a Chinese eunuch who tries to take over
12089-509: The first Asian band to conquer the world charts. On December 24, Gackt went on a small nationwide fan club tour Training Days – Dears Reserved Unique Gackt (D.r.u.g./Drug) Party , which also continued with four concerts in Korea and Taiwan in January 2007. The tour, being his first livehouse tour since going solo, had a specific theme as while performing rock songs embraced an all-out androgynous style approach. On June 20, Gackt released his twenty-seventh single, " Returner (Yami no Shūen) ", which
12246-632: The first public show being held on March 21 at the Colany Hall in Yamanashi . The tour ended on July 3 with two consecutive shows at the Saitama Super Arena. Overall, a total of 42 concerts in thirty cities were held, with an audience of about 120,000 people. There were planning talks about holding a world tour. The eighth studio album Last Moon was released on April 27, 2016. The 48th single " Tsumi no Keishō (Original Sin) " ( 罪の継承～Original Sin～ , lit. "Inheritance of Sin: Original Sin") , conceptually related to
12403-597: The first singles that were not written by him, and were released by Avex Trax and Avex Entertainment . In March, his thirtieth single and the series' opening theme, " Journey Through the Decade ", was released, peaking at number two and spending 25 weeks on the charts, and certified platinum by RIAJ. In August, he released the second theme single for the Kamen Rider Decade film All Riders vs. Dai-Shocker , " The Next Decade ". It peaked at number four and spent nine weeks on
12560-503: The fourth studio concept album, Crescent , was released. It also peaked at number five, through 11 weeks on the charts, and was certified platinum by RIAJ. It included his movie Moon Child theme song "Orange no Taiyō" ( オレンジの太陽 , Orenji no Taiyō , "The Orange Sun") which sang with co-star Hyde (singer of L'Arc-en-Ciel ). On New Year's Eve, Gackt performed "Last Song" at the 54th Kōhaku Uta Gassen . In February 2004, his first compilation album, The Sixth Day: Single Collection
12717-709: The frontman of the short-lived independent band Cains:Feel, and then from 1995 the now-defunct visual kei rock band Malice Mizer . Gackt started his solo career in 1999 with debut mini-album Mizérable and first full-length album Mars (2000). He has released nine studio albums and, with forty-eight singles released, holds the male soloist record for most top ten consecutive singles in Japanese music history. They are mostly conceived around two conceptual stories "Moon Saga" ( Moon , Crescent , Diabolos , Last Moon ) and "Requiem et Reminiscence" ( Rebirth , Re:Born ) which are performed live in uniquely elaborate concerts. His single " Returner (Yami no Shūen) " (2007),
12874-510: The greatest living poet of the Arab world. In the West, mononymity, as well as its use by royals in conjunction with titles, has been primarily used or given to famous people such as prominent writers, artists , entertainers , musicians and athletes . The comedian and illusionist Teller , the silent half of the duo Penn & Teller , legally changed his original polynym, Raymond Joseph Teller, to
13031-456: The imposition of Western-style names, one of the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada was for all provinces and territories to waive fees to allow Indigenous people to legally assume traditional names, including mononyms. In Ontario , for example, it is now legally possible to change to a single name or register one at birth, for members of Indigenous nations which have
13188-448: The instruments are otherwise nearly identical. They have the same length of tubing and, therefore, the same pitch, so music written for one of them is playable on the other. Another relative, the flugelhorn , has tubing that is even more conical than that of the cornet, and an even mellower tone. It is sometimes supplied with a fourth valve to improve the intonation of some lower notes. On any modern trumpet, cornet, or flugelhorn, pressing
13345-440: The intonation, tone color and dynamic range of such instruments are severely hindered. Professional-standard instruments are, however, available. While they are not a substitute for the full-sized instrument, they can be useful in certain contexts. The jazz musician Don Cherry was renowned for his playing of the pocket instrument. The tubing of the bell section of a herald trumpet is straight, making it long enough to accommodate
13502-456: The late 14th century for use in alta cappella wind bands. Deriving from early straight trumpets, the Renaissance slide trumpet was essentially a natural trumpet with a sliding leadpipe. This single slide was awkward, as the entire instrument moved, and the range of the slide was probably no more than a major third. Originals were probably pitched in D, to fit with shawms in D and G, probably at
13659-415: The late 14th or early 15th century. Trumpets are used in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands , and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music . Sound is produced by vibrating the lips in a mouthpiece, which starts a standing wave in the air column of the instrument. Since the late 15th century, trumpets have primarily been constructed of brass tubing, usually bent twice into
13816-524: The latest album, was released on March 22, 2017. On July 4, 2018, the "Last Songs" concert was held in celebration of his 45th birthday at Shinkiba Studio Coast , Tokyo, which was broadcast live via NicoNico Live. Between October 11 and 25, eight live performances of the "Camui Gakuen" event were held. On December 31, Gackt sang the national anthem of Japan for the Japanese kickboxer Tenshin Nasukawa before his bout with American boxer Floyd Mayweather Jr. at
13973-549: The left thumb and ring finger for the first and third valve slides respectively. Trumpets can be constructed from other materials, including plastic. The most common type is the B ♭ trumpet, but A, C, D, E ♭ , E, low F, and G trumpets are also available. The C trumpet is most common in American orchestral playing, where it is used alongside the B ♭ trumpet. Orchestral trumpet players are adept at transposing music at sight, frequently playing music written for
14130-451: The length of tubing, whereas modern instruments generally have three (or sometimes four) valves in order to change their pitch . Most trumpets have valves of the piston type, while some have the rotary type. The use of rotary-valved trumpets is more common in orchestral settings (especially in German and German-style orchestras), although this practice varies by country. A musician who plays
14287-413: The low F ♯ at the bottom of the standard range. Extreme low pedals are produced by slipping the lower lip out of the mouthpiece. Claude Gordon assigned pedals as part of his trumpet practice routines, that were a systematic expansion on his lessons with Herbert L. Clarke. The technique was pioneered by Bohumir Kryl . Microtones : Composers such as Scelsi and Stockhausen have made wide use of
14444-512: The lowest note is the written F ♯ below middle C . There is no actual limit to how high brass instruments can play, but fingering charts generally go up to the high C two octaves above middle C. Several trumpeters have achieved fame for their proficiency in the extreme high register, among them Maynard Ferguson , Cat Anderson , Dizzy Gillespie , Doc Severinsen , and more recently Wayne Bergeron , Louis Dowdeswell , Thomas Gansch , James Morrison , Jon Faddis and Arturo Sandoval . It
14601-460: The middle, yet are made out of one sheet of metal, which is considered a technical wonder for its time. The Salpinx was a straight trumpet 62 inches (1,600 mm) long, made of bone or bronze. Homer ’s Iliad (9th or 8th century BCE) contain the earliest reference to its sound and further, frequent descriptions are found throughout the Classical Period . Salpinx contests were a part of
14758-420: The modern sense; and the modern bugle continues this signaling tradition. Improvements to instrument design and metal making in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance led to an increased usefulness of the trumpet as a musical instrument. The natural trumpets of this era consisted of a single coiled tube without valves and therefore could only produce the notes of a single overtone series. Changing keys required
14915-451: The mononym "Teller" and possesses a United States passport issued in that single name. While some have chosen their own mononym, others have mononyms chosen for them by the public. Oprah Winfrey , American talk show host, is usually referred to by only her first name, Oprah. Elvis Presley , American singer, is usually referred to by only his first name, Elvis. Western computer systems do not always support monynyms, most still requiring
15072-417: The mononym Stendhal, adapted from the name of the little Prussian town of Stendal , birthplace of the German art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann , whom Stendhal admired. Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, 1820–1910) was an early French photographer. In the 20th century, Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette (1873–1954, author of Gigi , 1945), used her actual surname as her mononym pen name, Colette. In
15229-640: The mononymous pseudonym Witkacy, a conflation of his surname ( Witkiewicz ) and middle name ( Ignacy ). Monarchs and other royalty , for example Napoleon , have traditionally availed themselves of the privilege of using a mononym, modified when necessary by an ordinal or epithet (e.g., Queen Elizabeth II or Charles the Great ). This is not always the case: King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden has two names. While many European royals have formally sported long chains of names, in practice they have tended to use only one or two and not to use surnames . In Japan,
15386-533: The mononymous pseudonym of his uncle and teacher, Antonio Canal ( Canaletto ), in those countries—Poland and Germany—where his famous uncle was not active, calling himself likewise "Canaletto". Bellotto remains commonly known as "Canaletto" in those countries to this day. The 19th-century Dutch writer Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820–87), better known by his mononymous pen name Multatuli (from the Latin multa tuli , "I have suffered [or borne ] many things"), became famous for
15543-550: The name. A departure from this custom occurred, for example, among the Romans , who by the Republican period and throughout the Imperial period used multiple names : a male citizen's name comprised three parts (this was mostly typical of the upper class, while others would usually have only two names): praenomen (given name), nomen (clan name) and cognomen (family line within
15700-493: The nationwide tour in June and August, from July 16, he made his first appearance touring Europe, performing sold-out dates in London , Paris , Barcelona , Munich , and Bochum . On July 21, the compilation album, The Eleventh Day: Single Collection , was released by Nippon Crown, which was a collection of the singer's singles from the second half of his tenure with the record label. In July and August 2011, Gackt toured Europe for
15857-444: The natural trumpet. Berlioz wrote in 1844: Notwithstanding the real loftiness and distinguished nature of its quality of tone, there are few instruments that have been more degraded (than the trumpet). Down to Beethoven and Weber , every composer – not excepting Mozart – persisted in confining it to the unworthy function of filling up, or in causing it to sound two or three commonplace rhythmical formulae. The trumpet
16014-622: The original Olympic Games. The Shofar , made from a ram horn and the Hatzotzeroth, made of metal, are both mentioned in the Bible. They were said to have been played in Solomon's Temple around 3,000 years ago. They are still used on certain religious days. The Moche people of ancient Peru depicted trumpets in their art going back to AD 300. The earliest trumpets were signaling instruments used for military or religious purposes, rather than music in
16171-450: The overtone series create the possibility of alternate fingerings for certain notes. For example, third-space "C" can be produced with no valves engaged (standard fingering) or with valves 2–3. Also, any note produced with 1–2 as its standard fingering can also be produced with valve 3 – each drops the pitch by 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 steps. Alternate fingerings may be used to improve facility in certain passages, or to aid in intonation. Extending
16328-495: The pattern, with epithets (similar to second names) only used subsequently by historians to distinguish between individuals with the same name, as in the case of Zeno the Stoic and Zeno of Elea ; likewise, patronymics or other biographic details (such as city of origin, or another place name or occupation the individual was associated with) were used to specify whom one was talking about, but these details were not considered part of
16485-531: The pitch by a fourth, making some lower notes accessible and creating alternate fingerings for certain trills . Maurice André , Håkan Hardenberger , David Mason , and Wynton Marsalis are some well-known trumpet players known for their virtuosity on the piccolo trumpet. Trumpets pitched in the key of low G are also called sopranos, or soprano bugles, after their adaptation from military bugles . Traditionally used in drum and bugle corps , sopranos employ either rotary valves or piston valves . The bass trumpet
16642-453: The player to change crooks of the instrument. The development of the upper, " clarino " register by specialist trumpeters—notably Cesare Bendinelli —would lend itself well to the Baroque era, also known as the "Golden Age of the natural trumpet." During this period, a vast body of music was written for virtuoso trumpeters. The art was revived in the mid-20th century and natural trumpet playing
16799-493: The project from a musical perspective because he was not fond of EDM . He chose the DJs on a first-come, first-served basis, and, because of the great interest for participation, he believed in a second collaboration in the near future. He also expressed his concern on the decline of originality and growing irrelevance of music in modern daily life. On July 3 a release party was also held. On October 7, 2015 his forty-sixth single, " Arrow "
16956-417: The repeated change of instructors due to relocating from city to city. It would take another four years until his parents allowed him to quit lessons. However, after losing a piano competition to a boy he met in the middle school , Gackt voluntarily returned to his piano studies, even writing orchestral scores. He has credited the classical pianist and composer Frédéric Chopin with being "the one who taught me
17113-585: The role-playing game 3594e -Sangokushi Eiga- for iOS , based on the story of Romance of the Three Kingdoms , a Chinese historical novel. The in-game playable character, military general Lü Bu , was voiced by him and he also provided a theme song . In 2015, Gackt made a cameo appearance in Origami , a short film by director Cato Ochi. It premiered at the Cannes Film Festival. In the same year he voiced
17270-562: The same song, sometimes also adding the falsetto. According to Gackt, he had expanded the vocal range too much between 2003 and 2004, and searched for a right expression until 2005, since when he has been getting more straightforward. His voice was described as "very melodramatic", as well as "smooth, sleek, unnaturally heartfelt", "velvet" and "molasses". His songs range from melodic ballads to intense hard rock songs, in which he masterfully combines "raw rock elements" with "listener-friendly compositions". Josephine Yun in A Concise Report on 40 of
17427-552: The same-titled single " Mizérable ", which peaked at number three, spending nine weeks on the charts. In July, he performed at Shock Wave Illusion in Osaka and Tokyo . On August 11, Gackt released his second single, " Vanilla ". It peaked at number four, spent 10 weeks on the charts, and enjoyed considerable success. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ). In 2000, on February 9 and 16,
17584-485: The satirical novel, Max Havelaar (1860), in which he denounced the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia ). The 20th-century British author Hector Hugh Munro (1870–1916) became known by his pen name , Saki. In 20th-century Poland, the theater-of-the-absurd playwright , novelist, painter , photographer, and philosopher Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (1885–1939) after 1925 often used
17741-405: The second half of 2001, during the release of "Another World", Gackt started his second concept, project "Moon Saga". In 2002, on April 24, he released his eleventh single " Wasurenai Kara ". It peaked at number four, spending five weeks on the charts. On June 6, Gackt went on the nationwide live house tour which represented his new concept and included nine concerts at eight venues. The final concert
17898-500: The second live concert with the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra was held. In celebration of Gackt's 15th anniversary on July 1, 2015, the remix album titled, Gacktracks -Ultra DJ ReMix- , was released. It contained club remix versions of his songs done by Japanese DJs, including DJ Koo , Taku Takahashi , Tomoyuki Tanaka (FPM) , Jazztronik , Marc Panther and many others. Gackt stated he personally would not decide to do
18055-503: The second studio album, Rebirth was released. It was Gackt's first concept album, conceived around a fictional narrative during the time of World War II , named "Requiem et Reminiscence". The album includes previously released singles "Seki-Ray" and "Secret Garden". It peaked at number three, spent 21 weeks on the charts. On May 3, Gackt went on the Requiem et Reminiscence tour, which included 18 concerts at fourteen venues. The final concert
18212-493: The second time with Yellow Fried Chickenz, and later toured across Japan. In Europe, he visited 9 countries and performed 14 shows, starting on July 20–21 at Bataclan in Paris, including also first time performance in Cologne , Amsterdam , Toulouse , Berlin , Budapest , Warsaw , Leipzig , Stockholm , and ending on 11 August at Ray Just Arena , Moscow . They gathered an audience of 20,000 people. A year later on July 4, 2012, at
18369-452: The singer declined. Gackt launched his solo career on January 1, 1999. After completing his recordings, his first gig as a solo artist was the 99 Gackt Resurrection tour held in 11 locations across Japan. It was followed on May 12 with his debut release, the extended play Mizérable , released by Nippon Crown . The album peaked at number two, spending 12 weeks on the Oricon charts. It spanned
18526-454: The single " Black Stone ". The single peaked at number three and was certified gold by RIAJ. In May, his twenty-second single, " Metamorphoze ", was used in the movie Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam . It was his fourth single to reach number two, spent 13 weeks on the charts, and was certified gold by RIAJ. In August, Gackt released his twenty-third single, " Todokanai Ai to Shitteita no ni Osaekirezu ni Aishitsuzuketa... ". It peaked at number three and
18683-426: The single was recorded in Japanese, English, Chinese and Korean , which were all released before Christmas. In the same month on TV performed in duet with Ayumi Hamasaki the B'z 's popular song " Itsuka no Merry Christmas ", and again with Namie Amuro the next year. On New Year's Eve , Gackt's performance of "Another World" was his first participation at the annual music show, the 52nd Kōhaku Uta Gassen . In
18840-460: The slide in raises it. Pitch can be "bent" using the embouchure only. To overcome the problems of intonation and reduce the use of the slides, Renold Schilke designed the tuning-bell trumpet. Removing the usual brace between the bell and a valve body allows the use of a sliding bell; the player may then tune the horn with the bell while leaving the slide pushed in, or nearly so, thereby improving intonation and overall response. A trumpet becomes
18997-535: The stage. His final performance of Diabolos tour in 2005 at Tokyo Dome (costing roughly $ 4.3 million) received praise and shocked the audience, as included entering the arena on a horseback in full gallop with four other horse riders, in a suspended coffin during " Lust for Blood ", singing " Love Letter " hanging 20m in the air, and disappearing in a sudden smoke explosion. The 2008-09 Requiem et Reminiscence II and 2016 Last Visualive - Last Moon tour concerts lasted up to four hours. The Visualive concert format
19154-474: The story of "Requiem et Reminiscence", releasing his twenty-eighth single " Jesus ". It peaked at number seven, spending 10 weeks on the charts. On December 14, Gackt went on his longest nationwide tour, Requiem et Reminiscence II -Saisei to Kaikō- (Requiem et Reminiscence II -再生と邂逅-, -Rebirth and Reunion-), which included over 60 concerts in more than 45 cities, reaching an audience of over 210,000 spectators. On January 28, 2009, his twenty-ninth single " Ghost "
19311-577: The third and fourth singles were released, " Mirror " and " Oasis ". They peaked at number nine and number seven, respectively, and both spent six weeks on the charts. His fifth single was released on March 8, " Seki-Ray ", which peaked at number seven, charting for six weeks. At the beginning of the year, Gackt was joined by support guitarist and associate producer Chachamaru . For Caparison Guitars , Gackt designed two guitars, named "Marcury" and "Venus", which he occasionally uses in his live performances. On April 26, his first full-length studio album, Mars ,
19468-399: The third valve alone gives essentially the same tubing length as the 1–2 combination. (In practice there is often a deliberately designed slight difference between "1–2" and "3", and in that case trumpet players will select the alternative that gives the best tuning for the particular note being played.) When a fourth valve is present, as with some piccolo trumpets , it usually lowers the pitch
19625-431: The third valve slide when using the fingerings 1–3 or 1-2-3 further lowers the pitch slightly to improve intonation. Some of the partials of the harmonic series that a modern B ♭ trumpet can play for each combination of valves pressed are in tune with 12-tone equal temperament and some are not. Various types of mutes can be placed in or over the bell, which decreases volume and changes timbre. Trumpets have
19782-585: The top ten on the charts. On June 13, Gackt began the arena part of the tour, and on July 4 held a fanclub concert to celebrate his birthday at the Yoyogi National Stadium . On July 11 and 12, he held the final concerts at the Saitama Super Arena. As both Gackt and the Kamen Rider Series ' Heisei period run had its 10th anniversary, he became involved in the 2009 edition of the franchise, Kamen Rider Decade , to perform its theme songs. These are
19939-503: The trumpet is called a trumpet player or trumpeter . The English word trumpet was first used in the late 14th century. The word came from Old French trompette , which is a diminutive of trompe . The word trump , meaning trumpet , was first used in English in 1300. The word comes from Old French trompe 'long, tube-like musical wind instrument' (12c.), cognate with Provençal tromba , Italian tromba , all probably from
20096-404: The trumpet's ability to play microtonally. Some instruments feature a fourth valve that provides a quarter-tone step between each note. The jazz musician Ibrahim Maalouf uses such a trumpet, invented by his father to make it possible to play Arab maqams . Valve tremolo : Many notes on the trumpet can be played in several different valve combinations. By alternating between valve combinations on
20253-447: The use of a single name. Surnames were introduced in Turkey only after World War I , by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , as part of his Westernization and modernization programs. Some North American Indigenous people continue their nations' traditional naming practices, which may include the use of single names. In Canada , where government policy often included
20410-535: The usual categories of a musical or a theatre play. Thus Gackt calls them "Visualive", because they are formed by a story, music, movies, theatre and musical elements, as well as live performance (with Gackt "acting" as the story protagonist). The shows are elaborately divided into two basic parts, conceptual and entertainment, which can be further divided into four parts, firstly is introduction concept movie followed by first set of concept songs, secondly has stage clothes change and second set of concept songs, thirdly after
20567-438: The valves indicated by the numbers below produces the written notes shown. "Open" means all valves up, "1" means first valve, "1–2" means first and second valve simultaneously, and so on. The sounding pitch depends on the transposition of the instrument. Engaging the fourth valve, if present, usually drops any of these pitches by a perfect fourth as well. Within each overtone series, the different pitches are attained by changing
20724-543: The voice samples for Internet Co., Ltd. 's first Vocaloid , Gackpoid . Gackt was born on July 4, 1973, as the second of three children in a Ryukyuan family, in Okinawa of the Ryukyu Islands , Japan . His father was a music teacher , who primarily played the trumpet , and his mother was also a teacher . Gackt has an older sister and a younger brother. He lived in Okinawa until he was 7 years old (with short periods when
20881-544: The wider and deeper the cup, the darker the sound and timbre. Modern trumpets have three (or, infrequently, four) piston valves , each of which increases the length of tubing when engaged, thereby lowering the pitch. The first valve lowers the instrument's pitch by a whole step (two semitones ), the second valve by a half step (one semitone), and the third valve by one and a half steps (three semitones). Having three valves provides eight possible valve combinations (including "none"), but only seven different tubing lengths, because
21038-547: The word doodle . This is a very faint tonguing similar in sound to a valve tremolo. Glissando : Trumpeters can slide between notes by depressing the valves halfway and changing the lip tension. Modern repertoire makes extensive use of this technique. Vibrato : It is often regulated in contemporary repertoire through specific notation. Composers can call for everything from fast, slow or no vibrato to actual rhythmic patterns played with vibrato. Pedal tone : Composers have written notes as low as two-and-a-half octaves below
21195-516: The words of encouragement, he performed an unreleased song especially written for the graduation. It was released the following year on February 7, as " No ni Saku Hana no Yō ni ". Since then he continued to appear in graduation ceremonies, with 13 performances by 2023. In August, at an Otakon conference, it was publicly announced that he would form a rock supergroup, S.K.I.N. , with X Japan drummer Yoshiki , Luna Sea guitarist Sugizo , and guitarist Miyavi . The group had an ambitious vision to be
21352-697: Was 16 and 26), because of his father's job, living in many different cities on Honshu and Kyushu islands in addition to Okinawa: Yamaguchi , Fukuoka , Shiga , Osaka , and Kyoto . He studied in the Moriyama High School in Shiga, and was enrolled in the Kyoto Gakuen University . Gackt's musical education began at age three when his parents initiated his classical piano education. At age seven, continuing his classical piano education became more difficult because of time spent at elementary school and
21509-535: Was a voice actor several times, first for the film Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard , then the anime series Shiki , his first regular voice cast role; and Tono to Issho , where he provided the voice for the daimyo he previously played on television. He also voiced characters for two video games, Velskud in Dragon Nest , for which he composed and performed the theme song, " Ever ", and pilot "Ex-" of Extreme Gundam
21666-475: Was about 50,000 spectators. The second "Moon" stage theatre adaptation ran from August until October 2014, with 40 performances in seven cities, notable for the first major use of projection mapping in theatre stage plays. Gackt has a low-pitched voice, with a vibrato pitch at D 3 -D 4 , and is capable of using falsetto like for example in song " Ares " and " 4th " among others. In his songs he shows wide range and often sings in both low and high notes in
21823-433: Was also seen in a dual role as a Professor of Neurology Shiki Takashi and Yumeoji (literally translated "Dream Prince") in the drama Akumu-chan , which is based on the novel Yume Chigai ( 夢違 ) by Riku Onda . In mid-2013 was the voice actor of Travis Grady and provided image song "Claymore" in Japanese dubbing of Silent Hill: Revelation . In November 2013, Gackt appeared as a guest-star in two episodes (21 & 22) of
21980-438: Was among the handful who represented his homeland. On October 14, he continued the concept with the nationwide tour Kagen no Tsuki ( 下弦の月 , The Waning Moon) , which included 22 concerts among fifteen venues. The final concert was held on December 24, at the Yokohama Arena. On New Year's Eve, Gackt performed "Jūnigatsu no Love Song" at the 53rd Kōhaku Uta Gassen . On March 19, his thirteenth single, " Kimi ga Oikaketa Yume ",
22137-587: Was certified gold by RIAJ. In September, his sixth studio album, Diabolos , was released. Conceptually, it was a prequel to the previous "Moon Saga" albums. It reached number four on the charts and was certified gold by RIAJ. Gackt launched his nationwide tour, Diabolos ~Aien no Shi~ , including 36 concerts across Japan, which ended with a final Christmas Eve spectacle at the Tokyo Dome , in front of more than forty-two thousand people and costing 500 million Yen (roughly $ 4.3 million). In 2006, he continued his tour with
22294-548: Was certified gold by RIAJ. On July 6, the final concert of the tour was held at the Yokohama Arena. On August 16 headlined the All Night Nippon summer festival organized by Nippon Broadcasting System . On September 26, Gackt released his autobiography Confession ( 自白 , Jihaku ) . On September 27, he performed as a special guest at the TV Asahi 45th anniversary commemorative "Kingdom Rock Show". On October 2, Gackt performed
22451-513: Was christened only as "Erasmus", after the martyr Erasmus of Formiae . Composers in the ars nova and ars subtilior styles of late medieval music were often known mononymously—potentially because their names were sobriquets —such as Borlet , Egardus , Egidius , Grimace , Solage , and Trebor . Naming practices of indigenous peoples of the Americas are highly variable, with one individual often bearing more than one name over
22608-555: Was held on July 10, at Zepp Sendai. On June 16, the third studio concept album Moon was released. It is Gackt's best-selling album, reached number two on the charts, and was certified gold by RIAJ. On September 22, 2002, at the Beijing Worker's Gymnasium, in China , a large musical event "China-Japan: Holding Hands, Moving Together" was held as part of "Japan-China Diplomatic Relations Normalization 30th Anniversary Commemoration", and Gackt
22765-555: Was held on June 23 at the Yokohama Arena. His ninth single, " Another World " was released on September 5. It was Gackt's first single to reach number two spot on the charts, spent 17 weeks on them, and managed to sell over two hundred and fifty thousand copies. After the events of September 11th, 2001 , in New York , Gackt wrote a song for a world peace. It was released December 2001 as a single, " Jūnigatsu no Love Song ". It peaked at number five and charted for nine weeks. From 2001 to 2004,
22922-561: Was his fourth time performing the national anthem. On December 15, he performed at the 45th anniversary concert of All Night Nippon , at the Yoyogi National Stadium. In the same month, on December 19, his 43rd single, " White Lovers (Shiawase na Toki) ", was released. In 2013 his first national tour in four years was announced, titled Best of the Best Vol. I , which started on May 11, and ended with three consecutive shows on July 7 at
23079-417: Was introduced to the visual kei band Malice Mizer which was on hiatus due to the departure of their frontman Tetsu . Gackt moved to Tokyo and joined them in October 1995. As their vocalist, pianist and primary lyricist on studio albums Voyage Sans Retour (1996) and Merveilles (1998), he also contributed two songs in their catalog, "Regret" and "Le Ciel", the latter being their most successful single as
23236-467: Was nominated for the TV Navi award as best-supporting actor in a drama category. Gackt recalls that Kenshin was always portrayed as a very tough man. Thus his vision with female myth in mind, which presented him clean-shaven and with long hair, received harsh criticism, but Ken Ogata expressed his approval and supported Gackt's work in the drama. In the same year Gackt was a voice actor in the Japanese dub of
23393-427: Was originally created during the Requiem et Reminiscence tour in 2001, and according to Gackt, it took him almost ten years to arrive to a satisfying point of form during the Requiem et Reminiscence II tour in 2008-2009. However, he found such way of expression as difficult and physically and mentally exhausting, with a profitability that is not in accordance with the demands of entertainment industry . By 2007 he had
23550-446: Was reformed band project, now named as Gackt Yellow Fried Chickenz, with new members and performed on Kishidan Expo at Makuhari Messe , announcing band's limited five year revival, with concerts at Zepp Haneda on December 24 and 25, and plans to tour in Asia, Europe and South America. Gackt's introduction to filmmaking , in addition to music videos, came in 2001 and 2002 with two TV documentaries. First, he traveled to Madagascar for
23707-772: Was released in November 2023. In May 2010, a play named Nemuri Kyoshiro Buraihikae was staged at Nissay Theatre in Tokyo, in which Gackt starred as the main protagonist. The show ran for 120 performances in seven cities until February 27, 2011, with an estimated 150,000 spectators. In 2012, Gackt announced a plan to continue the concept of Moon Saga with a stage theatre play written, composed and directed by him, ' Moon Saga - Mysteries of Yoshitsune , in which he starred as Minamoto no Yoshitsune , starting from July 15 at Akasaka ACT Theatre in Tokyo. The final two of 60 shows were held on September 26 and October 2, in Tokyo. The estimated audience
23864-549: Was released, and peaked at number six on the charts. On May 18, Gackt was scheduled to perform a concert in South Korea at Seoul's Olympic Hall, but due to the effects of the global recession , the sponsors of the concert withdrew their support. In commemoration of his 10th anniversary as a solo artist, Gackt released four singles: " Koakuma Heaven ", " Faraway ", " Lost Angels ", and " Flower ", one week after another, starting from June 17 and ending on July 1. They all managed to enter
24021-458: Was released, which is the second of five to reach number two on the charts, spending 10 weeks on them. It was certified gold by RIAJ. On May 4 the nationwide tour Jōgen no Tsuki ( 上弦の月 , The Waxing Moon) was launched, continuing the concept of the previous one, and included 13 concerts at eight venues. On June 11, the fourteenth single, " Tsuki no Uta ", was released and was ending theme for anime Texhnolyze . It peaked at number three, and it
24178-524: Was released. In the same month, he embarked on another small tour of cover concerts conceptualized around a fictional school, "Camui Gakuen", and with it performed on Hyde's band Vamps "Halloween Party" at Makuhari Messe , and on Niconico Super Party at the Saitama Super Arena. His solo live tour in almost seven years, Last Visualive Saigo no Tsuki –Last Moon– , started with a fanclub only concert on March 19, 2016 at Misato City Cultural Hall in Saitama , with
24335-432: Was released. It peaked at number three, spent 23 weeks on the charts, and was certified platinum by RIAJ. On April 29, Gackt went on the nationwide tour The Sixth Day & Seventh Night , which included 15 concerts in eight venues. In May, Gackt released another compilation album, The Seventh Night: Unplugged , containing the acoustic arrangements of previously released songs. It peaked at number five, spent eight weeks on
24492-402: Was released. It peaked at number three, spent five weeks on the charts, and was certified gold by RIAJ. The following day Gackt went on a nationwide tour Mars Sora Kara no Homonsha -Kaisō- , which included 16 concerts, and on July 1, he performed the final concert at Yokohama Arena . On August 30, the sixth single, " Saikai (Story) ", was released. It peaked at number seven, spending six weeks on
24649-467: Was the first in his career (both solo and as a member of a band) to reach the number one spot on the Oricon charts. Its music and video were inspired by the NHK Taiga drama Fūrin Kazan in which Gackt played Uesugi Kenshin . The supergroup S.K.I.N. made debut performance on June 29, 2007 at Long Beach Arena , California, but no further activities were announced. On 10 October, he held a press conference at
#79920