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32-708: It connects Zernez in the Engadin valley with Val Müstair , crossing the Swiss National Park in Switzerland. It was here that a brown bear (Ursus arctos) was seen and photographed in July 2005 - the first sighting of a wild bear in Switzerland since 1923 In 2004, the biggest Honey fungus spotted in Europe was found near the Pass. The fungus is about 1,000 years old and its diameter

64-425: A copy of the document from 1365. After the 2015 merger Zernez had an area of 344.04 km (132.83 sq mi). Before the merger Zernez had an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of 203.91 square kilometers (78.73 sq mi). Of this area, about 7.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 35.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and 55.9% is unproductive land. Over

96-629: A habitually spoken language in the census of 2000. This area is the main driving force behind keeping Vallader relevant. The first written document in Vallader is the psalm book Vn cudesch da Psalms by Durich Chiampell from the year 1562. Other important authors who have written in Vallader include Peider Lansel , Men Rauch , Men Gaudenz , Andri and Oscar Peer , Luisa Famos , Cla Biert , Leta Semadeni and Rut Plouda-Stecher . The songwriter Linard Bardill also employs Vallader in addition to German and Rumantsch Grischun. The fable The Fox and

128-719: A major node in the regional road network, with roads leading into the Upper Engadine and towards Italy , the Lower Engadine and towards Austria , over the Fuorn Pass into the Val Mustair and over the Flüela Pass . Zernez is the center for visitors of the Swiss National Park ( Romansh : Parc Naziunal). Zernez is first mentioned in 1131 as Gumpo de Ernece . In 1161-64 it was mentioned as Zarnetz though both references are found in

160-399: A new baroque building, though the romanesque bell tower of the old church was retained. The castle was built in the 12th Century but was rebuilt into a baroque castle later. Since 1956 it has served as the town hall. In addition to the four Swiss Heritage Sites of National Significance, Zernez has several other notable sites. These include the gothic catholic chapel of St. Sebastian,

192-415: A referendum, it showed that Vallader is in danger but is still without a doubt seen as a (if not the most) reliable language, especially for writing. Since Jauer is used almost solely for speech, this allows more room for Vallader to exist as more of an entity in the world of writing. It is the second most widely used variety of Romansh, with 6,448 people in the Lower Engadine valley (79.2%) naming Romansh as

224-427: A referendum. The name of the dialect is derived from val 'valley'. It is the second most commonly spoken variety of Romansh, with 6,448 people in the Lower Engadine valley (79.2%) naming Romansh as a habitually spoken language in the census of 2000. Romansh can be separated into two dialect groups: Rhine dialects (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan and Surmiran) and Engadine dialects (Vallader and Puter). A variety of Vallader

256-424: Is August during which time Zernez receives an average of 103 mm (4.1 in) of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.4 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 37 mm (1.5 in) of precipitation over 11.4 days. Zernez has a population (as of December 2020 ) of 1,506. As of 2013 , 18.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over

288-579: Is a variety of the Romansh language spoken in the Lower Engadine valley ( Engiadina Bassa ) of southeast Switzerland , between Martina and Zernez . It is also used as a written language in the nearby community of Val Müstair , where Jauer is spoken. In 2008, schools in the Val Müstair switched from Vallader to Rumantsch Grischun as their written language, but switched back to Vallader in 2012, following

320-540: Is diphthongized in Jauer. All three traits can be seen in the verb 'to sing', which is chantàr in Vallader but chàunter in Jauer. It is an important fact to keep in mind that Jauer is almost exclusively spoken. Vallader is not only the preferred written form, but it is also the most widely used one. As stated earlier, in 2008, schools in the Val Müstair switched from Vallader to Rumantsch Grischun as their written language. When they switched back to Vallader in 2012 following

352-522: Is estimated at 500 to 800 meters. This Graubünden location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Zernez Zernez is a village and a municipality in the Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden . On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Lavin and Susch merged into the municipality of Zernez. Zernez is

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384-513: Is given in the following table: The historical population is given in the following chart: note : Population increase in 1910 due to railway construction Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks (Rhaeto-)Romansh (61.1%), with German being second most common (31.3%) and Italian being third ( 4.4%). The Romansh speaking majority speak the Vallader dialect. In 1880 there were 84% of the population spoke Romansh as their first language, in 1900 it

416-676: Is the largest protected area of the country. It was one of the earliest national parks in Europe, being founded on 1 August 1914. The Nationalparkhaus in Zernez is a museum for the National Park. The tower of La Serra was built either in the 13th or 14th Century, though it could have been built as late as just before the Swabian War in 1495. During the Bündner Wirren (or Confusion of the Leagues) it

448-711: The Reformed Church in Zernez , the Schloss Wildenberg ( Wildenberg Castle ) , the Palazzo Bezzola and the Richtstätte/Galgen Fuorcha are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance . The church was first built in 1367. When the Protestant Reformation entered Zernez in 1553, the church was stripped of all the statues and paintings. Then, in 1609 the old church was replaced with

480-636: The Morenturm , the Swiss National Park and park house, the abandoned tower of La Serra and in Brail, a medieval Reformed church. The chapel of St. Sebastian stopped being used as a catholic chapel following the Reformation. In 1952 it was put back into service as a chapel. The Morenturm is a medieval tower house in the village. The Swiss National Park, as of 2009 , is the only National Park in Switzerland. It has an area of 174.2 km (67.3 sq mi) and

512-478: The primary economic sector . The secondary sector employed 208 workers in 27 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 382 jobs in 88 businesses. In 2013 a total of 5.2% of the population received social assistance. In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Zernez

544-526: The 19th century. Vallader has since become more important. The dialect Jauer, is actually a variety of Vallader spoken in Val Müstair. It is almost only spoken there, and is virtually never written. Puter and Vallader are sometimes referred to as one specific variety known as Ladin, a term which can also refer to the closely related language in Italy's Dolomite mountains also known as Ladin . They are also considered Engadine dialects, since they are spoken in

576-422: The 282 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 29.4% were single family homes and 38.3% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 43.6% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 10.6% were built between 1991 and 2000. In 2012 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 5.22. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2014 , was 4.03%. The historical population

608-559: The Upper Engadin, Puter is spoken. A larger issue at hand for the minority Vallader speakers is not only the use of Bavarian, High and Swiss German, but also the division of Romansh. This is especially evident for speakers of the Vallader dialect; since Puter is so closely related in both location and language, it makes the slight differences more cumbersome. While written Vallader is standardized, speakers employ local dialects in oral use. Differences in speech often allow people to pinpoint

640-458: The Val Müstair and Engadine regions. The name comes from the term "valley" so it is only right that it is found in these regions full of valleys. As you can see on the map provided below, Vallader is used much more widely to the North East of Graubünden. This distinct difference in blue shades shows the areas of Upper and Lower Engadines. The Lower Engadin, as the chart suggests, speaks Vallader. In

672-501: The area of the Engadines. Vallader shares many traits with the Puter dialect spoken in the Upper Engadine. On the lexical level, the two varieties are similar enough to have a common dictionary. Puter and Vallader share the rounded front vowels [y] and [ø], which are not found in other Romansh varieties. These sounds make written Ladin easily distinguishable through the numerous occurrences of

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704-456: The ending in Puter is -er . The differences in verb conjugation are more divergent however, as can be seen in the simple present of avair 'to have': In Vallader, impersonals are formed using a third person singular reflexive verbal clitic. This is an important detail derived most likely from Italian. This is also possible in Puter. Vallader, being one of the five dialects, is mainly used in

736-417: The home village of another speaker. For example, the word eu 'I' can be pronounced as [ ˈɛː ], [ ˈɛw ], [ ˈjɛ ], [ ˈjɐ ], [ ˈjow ] and [ ˈjaw ], depending on the local dialect. The dialect of the Val Müstair, Jauer, is distinguished through the ending -er instead of -ar for verbs of the first conjugation, and by the placement of stress on the penultimate syllable of these verbs. In addition, stressed /a/

768-421: The last 3 years (2010-2013) the population has changed at a rate of 1.14%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2013, was 8.7 while the death rate was 6.9 per thousand residents. As of 2013 , children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 20.6% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 59.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.9%. In 2013 there were 508 private households in Zernez. Of

800-403: The letters ⟨ü⟩ and ⟨ö⟩ . In Vallader, the clitics are almost always well preserved, and there are no clustered forms that are known. On the other hand, Puter still preserves the clitic system completely. Compared to Puter, Vallader spelling reflects the pronunciation more closely. Another difference is that one class of verbs end in -ar in Vallader, whereas

832-693: The past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 8 ha (20 acres) and the agricultural land has decreased by 130 ha (320 acres). Until 2017 the municipality was located in the Sur Tasna sub-district of the Inn district, after 2017 it was part of the Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region. It is located along the Ofen Pass road into the Engadine . It consists of

864-645: The village of Zernez and the section of Brail. Lai da Ova Spin is a compensation reservoir on the river Spöl . It is located in the upper areas of the Lower Engadine valley (Romansh: Engiadina Bassa). It is located at an elevation of 1,473 m (4,833 ft) and is connected to the railway network of the Rhätische Bahn . In Zernez, the stream Spöl empties into the Inn (Romansh: En). Zernez has an average of 102.7 days of rain per year and on average receives 752 mm (29.6 in) of precipitation . The wettest month

896-709: The vote. The next three most popular parties were the BDP (25.6%), the SP (9.6%) and the FDP (8.0%). In the federal election, a total of 443 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 58.2%. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 45.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (23.4%), the FDP (20.6%) and the CVP (7.2%). The abandoned village of Gonda ,

928-410: Was 52 per thousand residents, slightly lower than the national average (64.6 per thousand). During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 7.8 per thousand residents. The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 0.9 per thousand residents, which is only 18.4% of the rate for the entire country. In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 45.8% of

960-437: Was 79% and in 1941 it was 78%. In 1990 about 81% understood Romansh and in 2000 it was 80%. In Zernez about 72.5% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). As of  2012 , there were a total of 653 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 63 people worked in 18 businesses in

992-546: Was also used in Samnaun until the late 19th century, when speakers switched to Bavarian . The last speaker of the Romansh dialect of Samnaun, Augustin Heiß, died in 1935. For a long period of time, the oldest written form Puter held much prestige with its name. It was used as the language of the aristocratic Engadine tourist region near St. Moritz (San Murezzan). It was used most widely in

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1024-733: Was reinforced and a regiment from Schauenstein was stationed there. After the Confusion, it was abandoned and fell into disrepair. In 1996–98 it was repaired and reinforced. The municipality has four railway stations: Zernez , Susch , Sagliains , and Lavin . All four are located on the Bever–Scuol-Tarasp line and between them have with regular service to Disentis/Mustér , St. Moritz , Landquart , Scuol-Tarasp , and Pontresina . Vallader Vallader (Vallader, Sursilvan , Puter , Surmiran , and Rumantsch Grischun : vallader [vɐˈlaːdɛr] ; Sutsilvan : valader )

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