115-602: The Robert Fulton Houses is a housing project located in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City , owned and operated by the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA). The 6.27-acre (2.54 ha) site is located between West 16th and 19th Streets and bounded by Ninth and Tenth Avenues. The project consists of 945 apartments in eleven buildings; three of the developments are 25 stories, while
230-636: A right-of-way between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues , separating Chelsea from the Hudson River waterfront. By the time of the Civil War , the area west of Ninth Avenue and below 20th Street was the location of numerous distilleries making turpentine and camphene , a lamp fuel. In addition, the huge Manhattan Gas Works complex, which converted bituminous coal into gas , was located at Ninth Avenue and 18th Street. The industrialization of western Chelsea brought immigrant populations from many countries to work in
345-463: A sound stage on 26th Street, has been operating since 1914, and numerous movies and television shows have been produced there. The Church of the Holy Apostles was built in 1845–1848 to a design by Minard Lefever , with additions by Lefever in 1853–1854, and transepts by Charles Babcock added in 1858, this Italianate church was designated a New York City landmark in 1966 and is listed on
460-516: A 750,000 sq ft (70,000 m ) retail center with two levels of restaurants, cafes, markets and bars, a hotel, a cultural space, about 5,000 residences, a 750-seat school, and 14 acres (5.7 ha) of public open space. The development, located mainly above and around the West Side Yard , will create a new neighborhood that overlaps with Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen. Hotel Chelsea , built 1883–1885 and designed by Hubert, Pirsson & Co.,
575-451: A decision was made to change the process by which buildings are declared to be landmarks due to some perceived issues with the manner by which the LPC operates as well as the realization that the destruction feared when the LPC was formed was no longer imminent. By 1990, the LPC was cited by David Dinkins as having preserved New York City's municipal identity and enhanced the market perception of
690-627: A full-time, paid workforce of 80, composed of administrators, legal advisors, architects, historians, restoration experts, and researchers. Students sponsored by the federal government, as well as volunteers, also assist the commission. The full-time staff, students, and volunteers are divided into six departments. The research department performs research of structures and sites that have been deemed potential landmarks. The preservation department reviews and approves permit applications to structures and sites that have been deemed landmarks. The enforcement department reviews reports of alleged violations of
805-529: A heatedly discussed decision on August 3, 2010, the LPC unanimously declined to grant landmark status to a building on Park Place in Manhattan, and thus did not block the construction of Cordoba House . A major dispute arose over the preservation of theaters in the Theater District during the 1980s. The LPC considered protecting close to 50 legitimate theaters as individual city landmarks in 1982, following
920-597: A huge full-block freight terminal and warehouse on West 26th Street between Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues, was built in 1930–1931 as a joint venture of the Starett real estate firm and the Lehigh Valley Railroad . Designed by Cory & Cory to enable trains to pull into the ground floor of the building, it was one of only a few American buildings included in the Museum of Modern Art 's 1932 " International Style " exhibition. It
1035-550: A lease for large parts of the Seaport area and desired to redevelop it, generating fears among locals that the New Market Building would be altered or destroyed. The corporation has offered to provide a more modest food market (at 10,000 sq ft (930 m )) into their development plans, but market organizers have not been satisfied as they believe this proposal is not guaranteed or large enough, and would still not ensure
1150-414: A mix of tenements , apartment blocks, two city housing projects , townhouses , and renovated rowhouses , but its many retail businesses reflect the ethnic and social diversity of the population. The area has a large LGBTQ population. Chelsea is also known as one of the centers of the city's art world , with over 200 galleries in the neighborhood. As of 2015, due to the area's gentrification , there
1265-517: A number of neighborhoods. This success is believed to be due, in part, to the general acceptance of the LPC by the city's developers. By 2016, the LPC had designated 1,355 individual landmarks, 117 interior landmarks, 138 historic districts, and 10 scenic landmarks. One of the most prominent decisions in which the LPC was involved was the preservation of the Grand Central Terminal with the assistance of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis . In 1978,
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#17328549115661380-409: A part-time basis. By law, the commissioners must include a minimum of six professionals: three architects, a historian, a city planner or landscape architect, and a realtor. In addition, the commissioners must include at least one resident from each of New York City's five boroughs (who may also be a professional). All of the commissioners are unpaid, except for the chairman. The commission also employs
1495-482: A private developer. Residents of the project do not have any input in land-use decisions, and residents are organizing in opposition noting that previous conversions of public housing came with a 57 percent rent increase. Average monthly rent for residents is $ 660. Development firms Related Companies and Essence Development proposed rebuilding the Fulton Houses and the nearby Chelsea-Elliott Houses in early 2023. In
1610-475: A restored historic Nabisco factory and headquarters, is a festival marketplace that hosts a variety of shopping and dining options, including bakeries, restaurants, a fish market, wine store, and many others. Peter McManus Cafe , a bar and restaurant on Seventh Avenue at 19th Street, is among the oldest family-owned and -operated bars in the city. The Empire Diner was an art moderne diner at 210 Tenth Avenue at 22nd Street that appeared in several movies and
1725-618: A small number of low-rise historic buildings from the earlier eras remain. In 2003, Svehlak wrote a manifesto arguing for the landmark designation of "a trilogy" of three contiguous buildings on Washington Street, the thoroughfare that was most closely associated with "Little Syria". These consisted of the Downtown Community House – which hosted the Bowling Green Association to serve the neighborhood's immigrants – 109 Washington Street (an 1885 tenement), and
1840-544: A survey in June 2023, residents of the Chelsea-Elliott Houses and Fulton Houses voted in favor of demolishing the existing towers and constructing a 3,500-unit apartment complex on the same site. At the time, NYCHA officials estimated that the complexes needed about $ 1 billion in repairs and that it would cost about as much to build new complexes on the site. PAU, COOKFOX Architects , and ILA were hired in early 2024 to design
1955-694: A swimming pool, solarium , gymnasium, and doormen dressed as London bobbies. It was designed by Farrar and Watmough. It takes its name from the fashionable mid-19th century cottages that were once located there. Penn South is a large limited-equity housing cooperative constructed in 1962 by the United Housing Foundation and financed by the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union . The development includes 2,820 apartments and covers six city blocks between 8th and 9th Avenue and 23rd and 29th Street . In 2012, there were 6,000 names on
2070-584: A waiting list of prospective residents looking to purchase a unit in the development. Under the terms of agreements reached with the City of New York in 1986 and 2002, and separately with the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development , Penn South's eligibility for tax abatements offered by the Mitchell-Lama Housing Program has been extended to 2052. The Chelsea Piers were
2185-526: Is 41% in Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . People of many different cultures live in Chelsea. Chelsea is famous for having a large LGBTQ population , with one of Chelsea's census tracts reporting that 22% of its residents were gay couples, and
2300-543: Is a widening income gap between the wealthy living in luxury buildings and some people living in the two housing projects ,. Chelsea is a part of Manhattan Community District 4 and Manhattan Community District 5 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 10001 and 10011. It is patrolled by the 10th Precinct of the New York City Police Department . Chelsea takes its name from the estate and Georgian-style house of retired British Major Thomas Clarke, who obtained
2415-464: Is also the location of several restaurants and event venues that relate to the themes and stories told in the hotel, such as 'Speakeasy Magick', featuring Todd Robbins, Jason Suran, and Matthew Holtzclaw. New York Live Arts is a dance organization located at 219 West 19th Street between 7th and 8th Avenues. The Rubin Museum of Art is a museum dedicated to the collection, display, and preservation of
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#17328549115662530-683: Is cited as a catalyst for the architectural preservation movement in the United States, particularly in New York City. The Mayor's Committee for the Preservation of Structures of Historic and Esthetic Importance was formed in mid-1961 by mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. This committee had dissolved by early 1962. Wagner formed the Landmarks Preservation Commission on April 21, 1962, with twelve unsalaried members. Soon afterward,
2645-503: Is governed by eleven commissioners. The Landmarks Preservation Law stipulates that a building must be at least thirty years old before the LPC can declare it a landmark. The goal of New York City's landmarks law is to preserve the aesthetically and historically important buildings, structures, and objects that make up the New York City vista. The Landmarks Preservation Commission is responsible for deciding which properties should be subject to landmark status and enacting regulations to protect
2760-608: Is in a 1941 movie house that closed in 1978. The Elgin was completely renovated to create in the Joyce a venue suitable for dance, and was reopened in 1982. The Kitchen is a performance space at 512 West 19th Street. It was founded in Greenwich Village in 1971 by Steina and Woody Vasulka , taking its name from the original location, the kitchen of the Mercer Arts Center . The warehouse building at 530 West 27th Street, which
2875-422: Is known for its social diversity and inclusion. Eighth Avenue is a center for LGBT-oriented shopping and dining, and from 16th to 22nd Streets between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, mid-nineteenth-century brick and brownstone townhouses are still occupied, a few even restored to single family use. The stores of Chelsea reflect the ethnic and social diversity of the area's population. The Chelsea Lofts district –
2990-441: Is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 313 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole. The 10th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 74.8% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 1 murder, 19 rapes, 81 robberies, 103 felony assaults, 78 burglaries, 744 grand larcenies, and 26 grand larcenies auto in 2018. Chelsea
3105-502: Is served by two fire stations of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY). Engine Company 1/Ladder Company 24 is located at 142 West 31st Street, while Engine Company 3/Ladder Company 12/Battalion 7 is located at 146 West 19th Street. In addition, FDNY EMS Station 7 is located at 512 West 23rd Street. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission ( LPC )
3220-417: Is the New York City agency charged with administering the city's Landmarks Preservation Law. The LPC is responsible for protecting New York City's architecturally, historically, and culturally significant buildings and sites by granting them landmark or historic district status, and regulating them after designation. It is the largest municipal preservation agency in the nation. As of July 1, 2020 ,
3335-616: Is the second and larger home of the LGBTQ -oriented synagogue, Congregation Beth Simchat Torah. The General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church 's college-like close is sometimes called "Chelsea Square". It consists of a city block of tree-shaded lawns between Ninth and Tenth Avenues and West 20th and 21st Streets. The campus is ringed by more than a dozen brick and brownstone buildings in Gothic Revival style. The oldest building on
3450-589: The Andrew Carnegie Mansion , Percy R. Pyne House , and Oliver D. Filley House , all of which ultimately became individual landmarks after the LPC's formation. Other structures such as the Van Cortlandt House , Morris–Jumel Mansion , Edgar Allan Poe Cottage , and Dyckman House were preserved as historic house museums during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Advocates also led efforts to preserve cultural sites such as Carnegie Hall , which in
3565-730: The Bowling Green U.S. Custom House , and six buildings at Sailors' Snug Harbor . The first landmark district, the Brooklyn Heights Historic District , was designated in November 1965. Within its first year, the LPC designated 37 landmarks in addition to the Brooklyn Heights Historic District. The LPC's earliest landmarks were mainly selected based on their architecture, and were largely either government buildings, institutions, or structures whose preservation
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3680-623: The Chelsea Historic District and its extension, which were designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1970 and 1981 respectively. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and expanded in 1982 to include contiguous blocks containing particularly significant examples of period architecture. The neighborhood is primarily residential, with
3795-526: The Graffiti Research Lab and New York Live Arts , a producing and presenting organization of dance and other movement-based arts. The community, in fact, is home to many highly regarded performance venues, among them the Joyce Theater , one of the city's premier modern dance emporiums, and The Kitchen , a center for cutting-edge theatrical and visual arts. Above 23rd Street, by the Hudson River ,
3910-455: The National Register of Historic Places . It is Lefever's only surviving building in Manhattan. The building, which featured an octagonal spire, was burned in a serious fire in 1990, but stained glass windows by William Jay Bolton survived, and the church reopened in April 1994 after a major restoration. The Episcopal parish is notable for hosting the city's largest program to feed the poor, and
4025-404: The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission , these ranged "from printing shops and box companies, to milk-bottling plants and electrical wire and cable manufacturers". The industrial character of West Chelsea declined in the 1960s and 1970s, as industries started to relocate from Manhattan. In subsequent years, the area's redevelopment was concentrated around West Chelsea, and some of
4140-617: The Palace in mid-1987. Ultimately, 28 additional theaters were designated as landmarks, of which 27 were Broadway theaters. The New York City Board of Estimate ratified these designations in March 1988. Of these, both the interior and exterior of 19 theaters were protected, while only the interiors of seven theaters (including the Lyceum, whose exterior was already protected) and the exteriors of two theaters were approved. Several theater owners argued that
4255-612: The United States Supreme Court upheld the law in Penn Central Transportation Co., et al. v. New York City, et al. , stopping the Penn Central Railroad from altering the structure and placing a large office tower above it. This success is often cited as significant due to the LPC's origins following the destruction of Pennsylvania Station, referred to by some as architectural vandalism. In 1989,
4370-430: The borough of Manhattan in New York City . The area's boundaries are roughly 14th Street to the south, the Hudson River and West Street to the west, and Sixth Avenue to the east, with its northern boundary variously described as near the upper 20s or 34th Street , the next major crosstown street to the north. To the northwest of Chelsea is the neighborhood of Hell's Kitchen , as well as Hudson Yards ; to
4485-502: The "New Amsterdam Market", a regular gathering with vendors selling regional and "sustainable" foodstuffs outside the old Fish Market buildings. The group's chartered organization planned eventually to attempt to reconstitute the "New Market Building", a 1939 structure with an Art Deco façade and that was owned by the city, into a permanent food market. However, a real estate company, the Howard Hughes Corporation , possessed
4600-580: The "Save Our Seaport" community group, the New Amsterdam Market, and the Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance. The "Save Our Seaport" group specifically argued that New Market Building was culturally important for its maintenance of the historic fish market for 66 years, and that it offers a "fine example of WPA Moderne municipal architecture (an increasingly rare form throughout the nation)." They had encouraged others to write letters to
4715-404: The "Save Washington Street" group led by St. Francis College student Carl "Antoun" Houck — have continued, especially, to advocate for a hearing on the Downtown Community House , arguing that its history demonstrates the multi-ethnic heritage of the neighborhood, and that its Colonial Revival architecture intentionally links the immigrants to the foundations of the country, and that preserving
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4830-583: The 1670s Conference House in Staten Island , where Benjamin Franklin and John Adams attended a conference aimed at ending the Revolutionary War. The LPC helps preserve the city's landmark properties by regulating changes to their significant features. The role of the LPC has evolved over time, especially with the changing real estate market in New York City. Potential landmarks are first nominated to
4945-441: The 1950s, there was growing support for preservation of architecturally significant structures. For example, a 1954 study found approximately two hundred structures that could potentially be preserved. At the same time, older structures, especially those constructed before World War I , were being perceived as an impediment to development. The demolition of Pennsylvania Station between 1963 and 1966, in spite of widespread outcry,
5060-426: The 1978 slaying of Nancy Spungen for which Sid Vicious was accused. The hotel has been the home of numerous celebrities, including Brendan Behan , Thomas Wolfe , Mark Twain , Tennessee Williams and Virgil Thomson , and the subject of books, films ( Chelsea Girls , 1966) and music. The London Terrace apartment complex on West 23rd was one of the world's largest apartment blocks when it opened in 1930, with
5175-494: The Chelsea area are Penn South , a 1962 cooperative housing development sponsored by the International Ladies Garment Workers' Union , and the New York City Housing Authority -built and -operated Fulton Houses and Chelsea-Elliot Houses . The 23-story Art Deco Walker Building, which spans the block between 17th and 18th Streets just off of Seventh Avenue , was built in the early 1930s. That structure
5290-542: The Chelsea-Elliot Houses, between 25th Street, Ninth Avenue, 28th Street, and Tenth Avenue; and Fulton Houses, between 16th Street, Ninth Avenue, 19th Street, and Tenth Avenue – the average income was less than $ 30,000. At the same time, the area's Puerto Rican enclaves and rent-subsidized housing, especially in Penn South , was being replaced by high-rent studios. This resulted in large income disparities across
5405-529: The Fulton Elliott-Chelsea Plan, which would involve converting 2,056 NYCHA apartments into mixed-income units. Under the plan, six new towers would be built on the two sites before the existing buildings were demolished. NYCHA's board approved the redevelopment of the Fulton Houses and Elliot-Chelsea Houses in November 2024. Chelsea, Manhattan Chelsea is a neighborhood on the West Side of
5520-428: The LPC began designating buildings as landmarks. That July, Wagner issued an executive order that compelled municipal agencies to notify the LPC of any "proposed public improvements". The early version of the LPC initially held little power over enforcement, and failed to avert Pennsylvania Station's demolition. As a result, in April 1964, LPC member Geoffrey Platt drafted a New York City Landmarks Law. Outcry over
5635-601: The LPC designated the Ladies' Mile Historic District . The next year marked the first time in the LPC's history that a proposed landmark, the Guggenheim Museum (one of the youngest declared landmarks), received a unanimous vote by the LPC members. The vast majority of the LPC's actions are not unanimously supported by the LPC members or the community; a number of cases including St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church , Bryant Park , and Broadway theatres have been challenged. One of
5750-407: The LPC from citizens, property owners, city government staff, or commissioners or other staff of the LPC. Subsequently, the LPC conducts a survey of properties, visiting sites to determine which structures or properties should be researched further. The selected properties will then be discussed at public hearings where support or opposition to a proposed landmark designation are recorded. According to
5865-418: The LPC has designated more than 37,800 landmark properties in all five boroughs . Most of these are concentrated in historic districts, although there are over a thousand individual landmarks, as well as numerous interior and scenic landmarks. Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. first organized a preservation committee in 1961, and the following year, created the LPC. The LPC's power was greatly strengthened after
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#17328549115665980-432: The LPC to designate landmarks for eighteen months after the law became effective, followed by alternating cycles of three-year hiatuses and six-month "designating periods". In 1973, mayor John Lindsay signed legislation that allowed the LPC to consider landmarks on a rolling basis. The bill also introduced new scenic and interior landmark designations. The first scenic landmark was Central Park in April 1974, while
6095-467: The LPC to support formal designation or district protection. However, in 2013, the LPC declined to hold a hearing to consider this landmark designation or to expand the district. Community Board 1 supports protecting and repurposing the New Market Building, and the Municipal Art Society argued in a report that "[it] has both architectural and cultural significance as the last functioning site of
6210-658: The LPC's designations of these theaters the next year. The three theatrical operators challenged the ruling with the U.S. Supreme Court, which refused to hear the lawsuit in 1992, thus upholding the designations. An LPC-designated historic district for the South Street Seaport has been active since 1977 and was extended on July 11, 1989. After the Fulton Fish Market relocated to the Bronx in 2005, community members, with leadership from organizer Robert Lavalva, developed
6325-460: The Landmarks Law was passed in April 1965, one and a half years after the destruction of Pennsylvania Station . The LPC has been involved in several prominent preservation decisions, including that of Grand Central Terminal . By 1990, the LPC was cited by David Dinkins as having preserved New York City's municipal identity and enhanced the market perception of a number of neighborhoods. The LPC
6440-639: The Landmarks Law were sworn in during June 1965. Platt was the first chairman, serving until 1968. The LPC's first public hearing occurred in September 1965, and the first twenty landmarks were designated the next month. The Wyckoff House in Brooklyn was the first landmark numerically, and was designated simultaneously with structures such as the Astor Library , the Brooklyn Navy Yard's Commandant's House ,
6555-568: The Landmarks Law, which includes alterations to a landmark. In 2016, the preservation commission consolidated its archaeological collection of artifacts and launched a reconstructed archaeology department, known as the NYC Archaeological Repository: The Nan A. Rothschild Research Center. Archaeologists work for the center reviewing the impact of proposed subsurface projects, as well as overseeing any archaeological discoveries. The environmental review department uses data from
6670-622: The Landmarks Preservation Law, a building must be at least thirty years old before the LPC can declare it a landmark. Approval of a landmark designation requires six commissioners to vote in favor. Approved designations are then sent to the New York City Council , which receives reports from other city agencies including the New York City Planning Commission , and decides whether to confirm, modify, or veto
6785-598: The Manhattan side of the Hudson River, and many freight terminals and warehouses were built in the western part of Chelsea by the late 19th century. The first of these was the Central Stores, constructed at 11th Avenue between 27th and 28th Streets in 1891. This was followed in 1900 by the Lehigh Valley Railroad 's terminal between 26th and 27th Streets, as well as the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 's terminal immediately to
6900-690: The NRHP. As of 2007 , the vast majority of interior landmarks are also exterior landmarks or are part of a historic district. The preservation movement in New York City dates to at least 1831, when the New York Evening Post expressed its opposition to the demolition of a 17th-century house on Pearl Street in Lower Manhattan . Before the LPC's creation, buildings and structures were preserved mainly through advocacy, either from individuals or from groups. Numerous residences were saved this way, including
7015-574: The NYCHA, the de Blasio administration began putting plans together to begin working with private developers in 2019. Fulton Houses is located in a rapidly gentrifying neighborhood where median asking rent is $ 3,462. The plan proposed by the city includes demolishing and rebuilding two buildings and a parking garage in the housing project and replacing them with three larger buildings that 70 percent would be market-rate, and 30 percent would be “affordable enough” for current residents; and to turn over management to
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#17328549115667130-581: The aesthetic and historic nature of these properties. The LPC preserves not only architecturally significant buildings, but the overall historical sense of place of neighborhoods that are designated as historic districts . The LPC is responsible for overseeing a range of designated landmarks in all five boroughs ranging from the Fonthill Castle in the North Bronx , built in 1852 for the actor Edwin Forrest , to
7245-541: The area became well known as Little Syria , hosting immigrants from today's Lebanon , Syria , and Palestine , as well those of many other ethnic groups including Greeks, Armenians, Irish, Slovaks, and Czechs. Due to eminent domain actions associated with the construction of the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel and the World Trade Center , in addition to significant highrise construction in the 1920s and 30s, only
7360-535: The area by 1869, and soon West 23rd Street was the center of American theater, led by Pike's Opera House (1868, demolished 1960), on the northwest corner of Eighth Avenue. Chelsea was a busy entertainment district between about 1875 and 1900. Sixth Avenue contained the Ladies' Mile shopping district; music publishers opened offices in Tin Pan Alley along 28th Street; and the Tenderloin red-light district occupied
7475-680: The art of the Himalayas and surrounding regions, especially that of Tibet. It is located at 150 West 17th Street between the Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue) and Seventh Avenue. Google 's New York office occupies 111 Eighth Avenue , which takes up the full city block between 15th and 16th Streets and between Eighth and Ninth Avenues. The building was once Inland Terminal 1 of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey . The Starrett-Lehigh Building ,
7590-452: The buildings. In 1829, Moore leased one of the lots to Hugh Walker who constructed what is now the oldest standing house in Chelsea , completed in 1830. The new neighborhood thrived for three decades, with many single family homes and rowhouses, in the process expanding past the original boundaries of Clarke's estate, but an industrial zone also began to develop along the Hudson. In 1847 the Hudson River Railroad laid its freight tracks up
7705-477: The campus dates from 1836. Most of the rest were designed as a group by architect Charles Coolidge Haight , under the guidance of the Dean, Augustus Hoffman. Chelsea is patrolled by the 10th Precinct of the NYPD , located at 230 West 20th Street. The 10th Precinct ranked 61st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. As of 2018 , with a non-fatal assault rate of 34 per 100,000 people, Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen's rate of violent crimes per capita
7820-415: The city's primary luxury ocean liner terminal from 1910 until 1935, when the growing size of ships made the complex inadequate. The RMS Titanic was headed to Pier 60 at the piers and the RMS Carpathia brought survivors to Pier 54 in the complex, which was destroyed in 2018 although ironwork remains. The northern piers are now part of an entertainment and sports complex operated by Roland W. Betts , and
7935-547: The designation. Before 1990, the New York City Board of Estimate held veto power, rather than the City Council. After the City Council's final approval, a landmark designation may be overturned if an appeal is filed within 90 days. The New York Landmarks Preservation Foundation is a not-for-profit organization, established in 1980 to support the Commission. They sponsor plaques, historic district signs, and street signs. The Landmarks Preservation Commission consists of 11 commissioners, who are unpaid and serve three-year terms on
8050-460: The destruction of the Helen Hayes and Morosco theaters. An advisory panel under mayor Koch voted to allow the LPC consider theaters not only on their historical significance but also on their architectural merits. In response to objections from some of the major theatrical operators, several dozen scenic and lighting designers offered to work on the LPC for creating guidelines for potential landmarks. Theaters were landmarked in alphabetical order;
8165-416: The factories, including a large number of Irish immigrants, who dominated work on the Hudson River piers that lined the nearby waterfront and the truck terminals integrated with the freight railroad spur. As well as the piers, warehouses and factories, the industrial area west of Tenth Avenue also included lumberyards and breweries, and tenements built to house the workers. With the immigrant population came
8280-491: The first interior landmark was part of the neighboring New York Public Library Main Branch in November 1974. In its first twenty-five years, the LPC designated 856 individual landmarks, 79 interior landmarks, and 9 scenic landmarks, while declaring 52 neighborhoods with more than 15,000 buildings as historic districts . In 1989, when the LPC and its process was under review following a panel created by mayor Edward Koch in 1985,
8395-612: The first theaters to be designated under the 1982 plan were the Neil Simon , Ambassador , and Virginia (now August Wilson) in August 1985. The landmark plan was then deferred temporarily until some landmark guidelines were enacted; the guidelines, implemented in December 1985, allowed operators to modify theaters for productions without having to consult the LPC. Landmark designations of theaters increased significantly in 1987, starting with
8510-438: The former fur and flower district – is located roughly between Sixth and Seventh Avenues from 23rd to 30th streets. The McBurney YMCA on West 23rd Street, commemorated in the hit Village People song Y.M.C.A. , sold its home and relocated in 2002 to a new facility on 14th Street, the neighborhood's southern border. By the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Chelsea had become an alternative shopping destination, starring
8625-520: The important commercial and shipping hub at South Street Seaport." After the September 11 attacks in 2001, New York City tour guide Joseph Svehlak and other local historians became concerned that government-encouraged development in Downtown Manhattan would lead to the disappearance of the last physical heritage of the once "low-rise" Lower West Side of Manhattan. Also known as "Little Syria" in
8740-478: The landmark designations impacted them negatively, despite Koch's outreach to theater owners. The Shubert Organization , the Nederlander Organization , and Jujamcyn Theaters collectively sued the LPC in June 1988 to overturn the landmark designations of 22 theaters on the merit that the designations severely limited the extent to which the theaters could be modified. The New York Supreme Court upheld
8855-472: The large and airy spaces that art galleries require, and the area of West Chelsea between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues and 16th and 28th Streets has become a new global centers of contemporary art, home to over 200 art galleries that are home to modern art from both upcoming and established artists. Along with the art galleries, Chelsea is home to the Rubin Museum of Art , with a focus on Himalayan art;
8970-471: The last 8-10 years". Several changes to the Landmarks Law were made by the City Council committee that was reviewing the legislation; for example, the committee removed a clause mandating a 400 ft (120 m) protective zone around proposed landmarks. The bill passed the City Council on April 7, 1965, and was signed into law by Wagner on April 20. The first eleven commissioners to take office under
9085-702: The late 1950s was slated for replacement with an office tower. However, early preservation movements often focused on preserving Colonial-style houses, while paying relatively little attention to other architectural styles or building types. There was generally little support for the preservation movement until World War II . Structures such as the City Hall Post Office and Courthouse , Madison Square Presbyterian Church (1906) , and Madison Square Garden (1890) were demolished if they had fallen out of architectural favor. Others, such as St. John's Chapel , were destroyed in spite of support for preservation. By
9200-467: The late 1990s, West Chelsea had also begun to attract visual-arts galleries that had relocated from SoHo . On September 17, 2016, there was an explosion outside a building on 23rd Street, which injured 29 people; police located and removed a second, undetonated pressure cooker bomb on 27th Street. A suspect, Ahmad Khan Rahami , was captured two days later after a gunfight in Linden, New Jersey . By
9315-409: The late 19th and early 20th centuries, the area between Battery Park and the World Trade Center site , east of West Street and west of Broadway , had been a residential area for the shipping elite of New York in the early 19th century, and turned into a substantial neighborhood of ethnic immigration in the mid-19th century. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, centered on Washington Street ,
9430-424: The late 2010s, the eastern part of Chelsea, which had once been largely industrial, had also attracted upscale residential development. For census purposes, the New York City government classifies Chelsea as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called Hudson Yards-Chelsea-Flat Iron-Union Square. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Hudson Yards-Chelsea-Flat Iron-Union Square
9545-478: The likes of Barneys CO-OP — which replaced the much larger original Barneys flagship store — Comme des Garçons , Balenciaga boutiques, Alexander McQueen , Stella McCartney , and Christian Louboutin . Chelsea Market , on the ground floor of the former Nabisco Building, is a destination for food lovers. In the late 1990s, New York's visual arts community began a gradual transition away from SoHo , due to increasing rents and competition from upscale retailers for
9660-545: The manor house. Despite his objections to the Commissioner's Plan of 1811 , which ran the new Ninth Avenue through the middle of his estate, Moore began the development of Chelsea with the help of James N. Wells , dividing it up into lots along Ninth Avenue and selling them to well-heeled New Yorkers. Covenants in the deeds of sale specified what could be built on the land – stables, manufacturing and commercial uses were forbidden – as well as architectural details of
9775-474: The most controversial properties was 2 Columbus Circle , which remained at the center of a discussion over its future for a number of years. Cultural landmarks, such as Greenwich Village 's Stonewall Inn , are recognized as well not for their architecture, but rather for their location in a designated historic district. In 2015, Stonewall became the first official New York City landmark to be designated specifically based on its LGBT cultural significance. In
9890-439: The necessary architectural and historical significance and that better examples of the settlement house movement and tenements exist in other parts of the city." The activists have said they hope that the LPC under the new mayor will be more receptive to preservation in the neighborhood. Very rarely, a landmark status granted by the LPC has been revoked. Some have been revoked by vote of the New York City Council or before 1990,
10005-478: The neighborhood is post-industrial, featuring the elevated High Line viaduct, which follows the river all through Chelsea. The elevated rail line was the successor to the street-level freight line original built through Chelsea in 1847, which was the cause of numerous fatal accidents, so it was elevated in the early 1930s by the New York Central Railroad . It fell out of use in the 1960s through 1980 and
10120-528: The neighborhood; one block in particular – 25th Street between 9th and 10th Avenues – had the Elliot Houses on its north side and two million-dollar residences on its south side. The Chelsea neighborhood is served by two weekly newspapers: the Chelsea-Clinton News and Chelsea Now . West Chelsea refers to the western portion of Chelsea, previously known as Gasoline Alley, much of which
10235-548: The next year by James Fisk and Jay Gould , who renamed it the Grand Opera House . Located on the corner of Eighth Avenue and 23rd Street, it survived until 1960 as an RKO movie theater. The Irish Repertory Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatrical company on West 22nd Street producing plays by Irish and Irish-American writers. The Joyce Theater , located in the former Elgin Theater at 175 Eighth Avenue, near 19th Street,
10350-756: The northeast are the Garment District and the remainder of Midtown South ; to the east are NoMad and the Flatiron District ; to the southwest is the Meatpacking District ; and to the south and southeast are the West Village and the remainder of Greenwich Village . Chelsea was named for an estate in the area, which in turn was named for the Royal Hospital Chelsea in London. Chelsea contains
10465-411: The northern section of Chelsea. The neighborhood was an early center for the motion picture industry before World War I. Some of Mary Pickford 's first pictures were made on the top floors of an armory building at 221 West 26th Street , while other studios were located on 23rd and 21st Streets. To accommodate high freight and industrial demand, several railroads had built rail freight terminals on
10580-571: The old industrial structures were converted to nightclubs. These included Les Mouches (housed in a former Otis Elevator Company factory) and the Tunnel (housed in the Central Stores building on 11th Avenue). Many LGBTQ people started moving to Chelsea in the mid-1980s, and upscale restaurants and stores began opening in the neighborhood around the same time. By then, the neighborhood also contained some of New York City's "cutting-edge theaters and performance spaces" according to The New York Times . By
10695-454: The others are 6 stories high. The Robert Fulton Houses were designed by architects Brown & Guenther and were developed as a "vest pocket" site that retains the street grid. The groundbreaking ceremony was held on October 15, 1962 and the buildings were completed on March 31, 1965. Its confines are within the 10th Police Precinct. The housing project is named after engineer and inventor Robert Fulton (1765-1815). Due to financial needs of
10810-626: The political domination of the neighborhood by the Tammany Hall machine , as well as festering ethnic tensions: around 67 people died in a riot between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants on July 12, 1871 , which took place around 24th Street and Eighth Avenue. The social problems of the area's workers provoked John Lovejoy Elliot to form the Hudson Guild in 1897, one of the first settlement houses – private organizations designed to provide social services. A theater district had formed in
10925-502: The population. The entirety of Community District 4, which comprises Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen, had 122,119 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 83.1 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are adults: a plurality (45%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 26% are between 45 and 64, and 13% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents
11040-484: The property when he bought the farm of Jacob Somerindyck on August 16, 1750. The land was bounded by what would become 21st and 24th Streets, from the Hudson River to Eighth Avenue. Clarke chose the name "Chelsea" after the Royal Hospital Chelsea in London. Clarke passed the estate on to his daughter, Charity, who, with her husband Benjamin Moore , added land on the south of the estate, extending it to 19th Street. The house
11155-539: The proposed destruction of the Brokaw Mansion on Manhattan's Upper East Side , identified by the LPC as a possible landmark, inspired Wagner to send the legislation to the New York City Council in mid-1964. The law, introduced in the City Council that October, would significantly increase the LPC's powers. The City Council cited concerns that "the City has been and is undergoing the loss and destruction of its architectural heritage at an alarming rate, especially so in
11270-486: The protection of the historic building. A group of community activists formed the "Save Our Seaport Coalition" to advocate that the New Market Building be incorporated into the historic district set by the Landmarks Preservation Commission, in addition to calling for the protection of public space in the neighborhood and for support for the seaport's museum. This group included the Historic Districts Council ,
11385-773: The research and archaeology departments to collect reports for governmental agencies that require environmental review for their projects. Finally, the Historic Preservation Grant Program distributes grants to owners of landmark properties designated by the LPC or on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). As of May 1, 2024 , there are more than 37,900 landmark properties in New York City, most of which are located in 150 historic districts in all five boroughs. The total number of protected sites includes 1,460 individual landmarks, 121 interior landmarks, and 12 scenic landmarks. Some of these are also National Historic Landmark (NHL) sites, and many are on
11500-536: The south, completed in the early 1910s. Freight operations on Manhattan's far west side were improved when the elevated West Side Freight Line and the West Side Elevated Highway were built in the 1930s, replacing a surface-level railroad and roadway. London Terrace was one of the world's largest apartment blocks when it opened in 1930, with a swimming pool, solarium , gymnasium, and doormen dressed as London bobbies. Other major housing complexes in
11615-495: The southern piers are part of Hudson River Park . The Hudson River Park, designed as a joint city/state park with non-traditional uses, runs along the Hudson River waterfront from 59th Street to the Battery and comprises most of the associated piers. Chelsea Park is located between 9th and 10th Avenues, and between 27th and 28th Streets. It contains baseball diamonds, basketball courts and six handball courts. Chelsea Studios ,
11730-643: The terra-cotta St. George's Syrian Catholic Church . After years of advocacy, in January 2009, the LPC held a hearing about the landmark designation of the Melkite church, which did succeed. However, under Chairman Robert Tierney, the LPC had declined to hold hearings on the Downtown Community House or 109 Washington Street. Community and preservation groups — including the "Friends of the Lower West Side" and
11845-473: The three buildings together would tell a coherent story of an overlooked, but important ethnic neighborhood. In addition to national Arab-American organizations, Manhattan Community Board 1 and City Councilperson Margaret Chin have also advocated for the LPC to hold a hearing on the Downtown Community House . According to the Wall Street Journal , however, the LPC argues that "the buildings lack
11960-522: Was 70,150, a change of 14,311 (20.4%) from the 55,839 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 851.67 acres (344.66 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 82.4/acre (52,700/sq mi; 20,400/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 65.1% (45,661) White , 5.7% (4,017) African American , 0.1% (93) Native American , 11.8% (8,267) Asian , 0% (21) Pacific Islander , 0.4% (261) from other races , and 2.3% (1,587) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.6% (10,243) of
12075-426: Was New York's first cooperative apartment complex and was the tallest building in the city until 1902. After the theater district migrated uptown and the neighborhood became commercialized, the residential building folded and in 1905 it was turned into a hotel. The hotel attracted attention as the place where Dylan Thomas had been staying when he died in 1953 at St. Vincent's Hospital in Greenwich Village , and for
12190-593: Was converted in 2012 to residential apartments on the top 16 floors, with Verizon retaining the lower seven floors. In the early 1940s, tons of uranium for the Manhattan Project were stored in the Baker & Williams Warehouse at 513–519 West 20th Street. The uranium was removed and a decontamination project at the site was completed during the early 1990s. By the mid-20th century, the western part of Chelsea had various types of light manufacturing businesses. According to
12305-688: Was designated a New York City landmark in 1966. The Hudson Yards rail-yard development is located at the northern edge of Chelsea, within the Hudson Yards neighborhood . The project's centerpiece is a mixed-use real estate development by Related Companies . According to its master plan, created by master planner Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates , Hudson Yards is expected to consist of 16 skyscrapers containing more than 1.27 × 10 ^ sq ft (118,000 m ) of new office, residential, and retail space. Among its components will be 6 × 10 ^ sq ft (560,000 m ) of commercial office space,
12420-526: Was lower, at 9% and 8% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community Districts 4 and 5 was $ 101,981. In 2018, an estimated 11% of Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty residents (5%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent,
12535-470: Was mentioned in Billy Joel 's song "Great Wall of China". Designed by Fodero Dining Car Company , it was built in 1946 andwas altered in 1979 by Carl Laanes. The diner closed on May 15, 2010; reopened briefly as "The Highliner", and again re-opened under its original name in January 2014 before closing permanently in December 2015 due to failure to pay rent. Pike's Opera House was built in 1868, and bought
12650-470: Was originally slated to be torn down, but in the early 2000s, it was redesigned and converted into a highly used aerial greenway and rails-to-trails park. With a change in zoning resolution in conjunction with the development of the High Line, Chelsea experienced a new construction boom, with projects by notable architects such as Shigeru Ban , Neil Denari , Jean Nouvel , and Frank Gehry . The neighborhood
12765-603: Was previously a manufacturing area and has since been rezoned to allow for high-rise residential uses. It is often considered the area of Chelsea between the Hudson River to the west and Tenth Avenue to the east, a portion of which was designated a historic district in 2008. A 2008 article in The New York Times showed the eastern boundary of West Chelsea as Eighth Avenue for the area between 14th and 23rd streets, Ninth Avenue between 23rd and 25th, and Tenth Avenue between 25th and 29th. The Chelsea Market , located in
12880-409: Was quickly gentrifying, with small businesses being replaced by big-box retailers and technology and fashion stores. With this development, more wealthy residents moved in, further widening an already-existing income gap with public-housing residents. In 2015, the average yearly household income in most of Chelsea was about $ 140,000. On the other hand, in the area's two public-housing developments –
12995-576: Was the birthplace of their son, Clement Clarke Moore , who in turn inherited the property. Moore is generally credited with writing " A Visit From St. Nicholas " and was the author of the first Greek and Hebrew lexicons printed in the United States. In 1827, Moore gave the land of his apple orchard to the Episcopal Diocese of New York for the General Theological Seminary , which built its brownstone Gothic, tree-shaded campus south of
13110-486: Was the site of The Sound Factory & Twilo , as well as several other megaclubs in the 1980s and 1990s, was acquired in 2011 by the British theater company Punchdrunk , who converted it into "The McKittrick Hotel", a five-story, 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m ) performance space housing their immersive site-specific theatrical production, Sleep No More . The building, along with those at 532 and 542 West 27th Street,
13225-811: Was unlikely to be controversial. As a result, several prominent buildings were destroyed in the first several years of the LPC's existence, such as the Singer Building and the New York Tribune Building . Other structures, such as the Villard Houses and Squadron A Armory , were saved only partially. The LPC was headquartered in the Mutual Reserve Building from 1967 to 1980, and in the Old New York Evening Post Building from 1980 to 1987. The original legislation enabled
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