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86-406: Friskies is an American brand of wet and dry cat food and treats owned by Nestlé Purina PetCare Company , a subsidiary of Nestlé global. Friskies was initially introduced by Carnation Company in the 1930s as a dog food brand. When Friskies cat food was introduced in the 1950s, it was the first dry pet food product specifically for cats. The brand was acquired by Nestlé in 1985. From the 1970s to
172-511: A $ 1 nominal damage fee for breach of contract. Tardar Sauce died at her home in the arms of her owner Tabatha following complications from a urinary tract infection on May 14, 2019, at age 7. Her death was announced on May 17, 2019, on social media . Tributes were posted worldwide. She was buried at Sunland Pet Rest Cemetery in Sun City, Arizona . Grumpy Cat appears in Lil Bub & Friendz ,
258-464: A Christmas music video called "It's Hard to Be a Cat at Christmas". In 2014, Friskies created a satire in partnership with The Fine Bros., whereby they filmed reaction videos of cats watching web series' created by Friskies. Later that same year, Friskies started "The Friskies 50", a list of the most influential internet cats. The list is based on the cat's audience and engagement on social media sites, media coverage and other factors. Users can also input
344-473: A cat name to see how cats that did not make the list compare. At the 2015 South by Southwest Interactive festival, Friskies promoted its bacon-flavored cat food with a bacon/cat-themed art gallery, some of which were constructed using Friskies products and bacon. In 2016, Friskies worked with BuzzFeed to create "Dear Kitten" videos, where an older cat teaches a younger one how to be a house-cat. The series had more than 30 million views. A sixty-second spot based on
430-435: A cat nicely done up for showing, touch her all over with a sponge dipped in fresh cream, when she licks herself the effect is wonderful.) Remember that too much flesh-meat, especially liver,—which ought only to be given occasionally,—is very apt to induce a troublesome diarrhoea (looseness). Do not give your pet too many tit-bits at table; but whatever else you give her, never neglect to let her have her two regular meals . In
516-507: A day have similar energy levels, greater than those fed only one meal per day. It has been postulated that this increased energy level could be due to purported spikes in activity before being fed, known as food anticipatory activity. Other studies on female cats have found that increasing the daily amount of food may actually decrease their daily activity levels. The age, sex, and whether cats are intact or have been spayed/neutered are all factors controlling activity level. As cats age, there
602-529: A day. Let her have a dish to herself, put down to her, and removed when the meal is finished. Experience is the best teacher as regards the quantity of a cat's food, and in quality let it be varied. Oatmeal porridge and milk, or white bread steeped in warm milk, to which a little sugar has been added, are both excellent breakfasts for puss; and for dinner she must have an allowance of flesh. Boiled lights are better for her than horse-meat , and occasionally let her have fish. Teach your cat to wait patiently till she
688-537: A decreased glucose tolerance, clinical observations have confirmed that cats consuming large proportions of metabolizable energy, in the form of carbohydrates rather than protein, are more likely to develop hyperglycemia , hyperinsulinemia , insulin resistance , and obesity . Restricting phosphorus has been proven to decrease the progression of CKD . This is because phosphorus can be deposited into soft tissues and become mineralized , which can cause kidney damage. Formulating these diets with higher amounts of fat
774-772: A diet with high quality protein sources that have adequate amounts of the amino acids taurine and arginine . In low protein diets, unless the protein source is a high quality protein such as an animal-based protein, cats (and especially kittens) have been shown to develop retinal degeneration due to a deficiency in taurine , an essential amino acid for cats that is derived from animal protein. Low protein diets have been linked to health defects such as lack of growth, decreased food intake, muscle atrophy, hypoalbuminemia, skin alterations, and more. Cats on lower protein diets are more likely to lose weight, and to lose lean body mass. Low protein diets that are high in carbohydrates have been found to decrease glucose tolerance in cats. With
860-561: A documentary premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 18, 2013, and won the Tribeca Online Festival Best Feature Film. In May 2013, Broken Road Productions optioned Grumpy Cat for a " Garfield -like feature film" adaptation. Film producer Todd Garner said, "We think we can build a big family comedy around this character". On June 11, 2014, it was announced that Lifetime would produce
946-428: A fat content greater than 20% on a dry matter basis. A high energy diet is appropriate for cats who are undergoing growth, recovering from illness, are pregnant or lactating , as their energy requirements are higher than otherwise. A lactating or gestating cat requires a nutrient-dense and highly digestible diet to withstand the high levels of stress being placed on her body. These conditions are found in cat food that
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#17331044558951032-491: A film starring Grumpy Cat, entitled Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever . The film debuted on November 29, 2014. Tim Hill , the film's director, and Jeff Morris wrote the script, and principal photography took place over the summer. Aubrey Plaza voiced the Grumpy Cat character, and was also a producer on the film. On November 6, 2014, Lifetime released a tongue-in-cheek video about the casting and Plaza's "process" for becoming
1118-407: A high energy density, a higher fat content and include omega-3 fatty acids. Renal diets with low protein have been adopted by a number of big pet food manufacturers. Although the diet of a healthy cat should be high in protein, at times it is medically necessary for a cat to eat a low protein diet. For cats living with chronic renal disease, low protein diets lower the amount of nitrogenous waste in
1204-619: A lawsuit against Grenade Beverage LLC citing trademark infringement when the beverage company expanded its line of Grumpy Cat coffee offerings beyond what was originally agreed upon, producing and marketing a Grumpy Cat roasted ground coffee even after being told by email that they were not approved to do so. In January 2018, the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California jury decided in favor of Grumpy Cat Limited, and ordered Grenade Beverage Company to pay $ 710,000 in damages for copyright and trademark infringement, as well as
1290-420: A natural diet of animal products which consists of protein and fat (i.e. muscle, organs and animal tissue). Dietary protein supplies amino acids that can be utilized and metabolized as energy before using fat stores, even though protein is not stored in the body the same way as fat. Dietary fat is more efficiently converted to body fat than protein; if an animal is consuming more than its energy requirement and if
1376-426: A particular route and served a few hundred households, their approach marked by mewing cats. The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than dog food and dog biscuits . This was likely due to the idea that cats could readily fend for themselves. In 1837, a French writer Mauny de Mornay critiqued this idea: It is... thought wrongly that the cat, ill-fed, hunts better and takes more mice; this too
1462-471: A pet food specifically for cats. According to Arnest, the company thought it was "a nutty idea." He convinced Friskies executives to do a market trial for cat food, which was conducted on the west coast of the United States in 1956. The cat food was made of mackerel byproducts, cereals, vegetables and vitamins. The trial surprised Friskies executives when the cat food sold successfully. The cat food product
1548-570: A photograph of her was posted on September 22, 2012, on social news website Reddit by Bryan Bundesen, the brother of her owner Tabatha Bundesen. " Lolcats " and parodies created from the photograph by Reddit users became popular. She was the subject of a popular Internet meme in which humorously negative, cynical images were made from photographs of her. As of June 3, 2023, Grumpy Cat had 8.3 million total likes on Facebook , 2.6 million followers on Instagram 1.5 million followers on Twitter and 276,000 subscribers on YouTube . Tardar Sauce
1634-575: A private hotel room with king-sized bed , a personal assistant, a chauffeur , and unlimited Friskies food and bottled water. On March 22, 2013, Grumpy Cat traveled to New York City promoting the show and appeared on Good Morning America and Anderson Live , and visited Time for a photo shoot . Grumpy Cat Limited held eight trademarks in August 2018 registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office ; 1082 items were available on
1720-480: A short tail". Although she had a "grumpy" appearance and was called "Grumpy Cat", according to the Bundesens, "Ninety-nine percent of the time she is just a regular cat." "Meme manager" Ben Lashes represented Grumpy Cat, in addition to Keyboard Cat and Nyan Cat . In 2013, Tabatha Bundesen took a leave of absence from her job at Red Lobster to manage Grumpy Cat's schedule, while her brother Bryan Bundesen managed
1806-586: A variety of choices to promote exercise, including various cat toys designed to stimulate chase and play behaviors. Overall, if an adult cat cannot maintain normal body condition on a free-choice feeding diet, despite exercise levels, portion-controlled feeding is recommended. Many pet cats are fed energy-dense, high carbohydrate diets, which provide much more energy than needed. This is a major issue with indoor cats as it has been shown to lead to obesity. To prevent cats from becoming overweight, owners should be more inclined to implement weight control diets, which provide
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#17331044558951892-486: A very small portion of bullock's liver and bread soaked, is the best food; but I have tried Spratt's Patent Cat Food with a great number of cats, both of my own and those of friends, and have nearly always found it agree; and at a cat show it would, I believe, be both handy and cleanly. Spratt, which began by making dog biscuits, appears to also have been the first commercial producer of cat food. Cats are obligate carnivores —meaning, they are true carnivores and depend upon
1978-399: Is USDA approved and allows raw food to remain uncooked while greatly improving its safety and shelf-life. However, every year, many commercial raw pet foods are recalled due to various bacterial contamination, implying that feeding raw comes with a risk. Weight control simply means ensuring an energy balance: energy in equals energy out. Weight gain means more energy is being consumed than
2064-489: Is food specifically formulated and designed for consumption by cats . As obligate carnivores , cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients, namely nutrients found only in meat or synthesized, such as taurine and Vitamin A . Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids , are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency. Cat food
2150-406: Is a grave error. The cat who is not given food is feeble and sickly; as soon as he has bitten into a mouse, he lies down to rest and sleep; while well fed, he is wide awake and satisfies his natural taste in chasing all that belongs to the rat family. In 1844, another French writer, Nicolas Jean-Baptiste Boyard, expanded on this idea: Normally in the country no care is taken of a cat's food, and he
2236-402: Is all the more unreasonable to expect a cat to live from hunting in that cats take mice more for amusement than to eat: "A good cat takes many and eats few." By 1876, Gordon Stables emphasized the need to give cats particular food: If then, only for the sake of making (a cat) more valuable as a vermin-killer, she ought to have regular and sufficient food. A cat ought to be fed at least twice
2322-542: Is an important component that helps control weight, along with various other benefits. A source of soluble and fermentable fiber helps to increase the movement of digesta through the gut and decrease gastric emptying. This helps to increase satiety in cats, potentially decreasing feeding rates and voluntary energy consumption. Fermentable fiber promotes healthy mucosa and commensal bacterial growth and improved digestion/nutrient absorption. Prebiotic fibers like fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and mannooligosaccharides (MOS) decrease
2408-785: Is being expended in exercise and other functions. A weight management diet is designed to allow fewer calories to be consumed in a larger volume of food, allowing for less risk of an energy imbalance. Adult cats should be fed a diet that promotes maintaining a healthy weight, while at the same time meeting the individual taste preference of the cat. Cats generally prefer to eat smaller meals more frequently, which can lead to less weight gain compared to cats that are fed free-choice (always available) food. Meanwhile, some cats adapt to free-choice feeding and can maintain normal body weight with no weight gain. In general, indoor cats have less opportunity or need for exercise than outdoor cats; indoor cats are much more prone to weight gain. For indoor cats, there are
2494-479: Is critical to the formation of well-formed stool, and has been known to increase diet bulk while decreasing caloric density. Insoluble fiber has been proposed to regulate appetite by releasing hormones that reduce hunger. Sources of fiber commonly added in weight management cat food include beet pulp, barley, psyllium and cellulose . Another nutrient important for weight control diets is protein and its component amino acids. Felines, being obligate carnivores, require
2580-462: Is evidence that their metabolic energy requirements may increase, especially after 12 or 13 years old, but other evidence suggests that metabolic energy needs are not dissimilar at different ages. Furthermore, it has been shown that cats over 12 years old are more likely to be underweight than younger cats, so a high calorie diet may be appropriate to treat weight loss, and thus to maintain an appropriate body condition score. Weight loss can occur when
2666-408: Is formulated for cats that are living with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is a highly prevalent condition in the feline population and is most common in aging and older cats. It has been shown that the lifespan of cats experiencing CKD can be extended by as much as 2 years when receiving therapeutic diets rather than regular maintenance diets. These diets are low in protein, low in phosphorus, have
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2752-412: Is formulated for growth, performance, or high energy during all life stages. To maintain a neutral energy balance and thus maintain body weight, energy intake should increase with energy expenditure. Studies that relate the number of meals offered to cats per day to their daily activity levels have shown conflicting results. It has been shown that cats offered four meals a day or a random number of meals
2838-411: Is generally made by extrusion cooking under high heat and pressure. Approximately 95% of dry pet foods are extruded. During this process, the meat is first ground up, cooked under very high heat, and processed so it becomes a powder. The powder is fed into a massive mixer. In the mixer, additional supplements are added; then it's cooked again at very high heat to turn it into a dough, which is molded in
2924-531: Is important to make sure the food is palatable in the absence of protein and promote an increased caloric intake. The higher fat content will also spare the use of protein for energy and help decrease stress on the kidneys. Omega-3 fatty acids are included in therapeutic diets because of their anti-inflammatory properties to aid the diseased kidneys. A high energy diet is generally high in fat . Compared to carbohydrates and protein , fat provides much more energy , at 8.5 kcal/g. High energy diets generally have
3010-457: Is left to live, it is said, from his hunting, but when he is hungry, he hunts the pantry's provisions far more than the mouse; because he does not pursue them and never watches them by need, but by instinct and attraction. And so, to neglect feeding a cat, is to render him at the same time useless and harmful, while with a few scraps regularly and properly given, the cat will never do any damage, and will render much service. He goes on to say that it
3096-449: Is mixed with sauces. There are also pouches of Friskies Party Mix treats, and "Pull 'n Play" treats that are edible tender strings. In 2003, the Friskies brand was re-launched with new packaging. By this time, Friskies was the largest market-share holder in the cat food segment, with a 60 percent share of the wet food market and 49.3 percent share for dry food. Cat food Cat food
3182-468: Is recommended that the cat consumes 240–354 kcal ME per kg of body weight. Studies show that increasing the intake of food for a pregnant animal in order to help it gain weight can have negative effects. It is acknowledged that rather than increasing intake, feeding a highly energy dense food is a way to ensure that the female cat, or queen, receives adequate energy and nutrient requirements are met. It has been found that nutritional support consistent with
3268-459: Is regulated by exercise. Limited protein and amino acids in the diet will limit lean body mass growth, but exercise or lack of exercise will allow growth or shrinking of muscle. Successful weight control involves maintenance of healthy adipose tissue levels, but most importantly maintenance of lean body mass. Lean muscle is the driver of basal energy metabolism and aids in the use of energy. When sufficient levels of fat are provided, fat will be used by
3354-448: Is served—a spoiled cat is nearly as disagreeable as a spoiled child. If you want to have your cat nice and clean, treat her now and then to a square inch of fresh butter . It not only acts as a gentle laxative , but, the grease, combining in her mouth, with the alkalinity of her saliva , forms a kind of natural cat-soap, and you will see she will immediately commence washing herself, and become beautifully clean. (N.B.—If you wish to have
3440-590: Is some association between the carbohydrate content and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in felines. In much of Europe, the UK and the US, canned or wet food (75–78% moisture) generally comes in aluminum or steel cans in 90, 160 and 370 g (3, 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 and 13 oz) sizes. It is also sold in foil pouch form. A variety of cat treats are commercially available. These can be divided into dry cat treats, wet cat treats, and semi-moist treats. A 2004 survey in
3526-578: Is typically sold as dry kibble, or as wet food in cans and pouches. During the 19th century and early 20th centuries, meat for cats and dogs in London, frequently horse meat , was sold from barrows (hand–carts) by traders known as Cat's Meat Men or Women. Henry Mayhew estimated in London Labour and the London Poor (1851) that the total number of cats in London might be 300,000. Each cat's meat seller had
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3612-700: The Publishers Weekly best seller list. Another Grumpy Cat book called The Grumpy Guide to Life: Observations by Grumpy Cat was published by Chronicle Books and debuted at #3 on The New York Times Best Seller list in the Advice, How-To and Miscellaneous category. Dynamite Entertainment publishes a comic book about Grumpy Cat and her brother, titled The Misadventures of Grumpy Cat and Pokey . Dover Publications has also published Grumpy Cat paper doll , sticker, coloring, and tattoo books. In December 2013, an official video game called Grumpy Cat: Unimpressed
3698-704: The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) by either meeting a nutrient profile or passing a feeding trial. Cat Food Nutrient Profiles were established in 1992 and updated in 2014 by the AAFCO's Feline Nutrition Expert Subcommittee. The updated profiles replaced the previous recommendations set by the National Research Council (NRC). Certain manufacturers label their products with terms such as premium, ultra premium, natural and holistic. Such terms currently have no legal definitions. However, "While most of
3784-415: The resting energy requirement (RER) soon after surgery or the onset of illness decreases the mortality rate and the duration of hospitalization in cats. A recovering cat needs enough energy (calories), as well as more protein and fats. Critical care diets are formulated to be highly palatable and digestible, as well as high energy density . This limits the mass of food required to be consumed to meet
3870-422: The "gourmet" industry category, such as Bright Eyes and Chef's Blend. A sister brand Mighty Dog was introduced in 1973, and another sister brand Fancy Feast was produced in 1982. By 1985, Friskies' producer was the largest manufacturer of pet food with a 14.5 percent market-share. Dry and wet food products specifically for kittens were introduced in 1988 and 1989 respectively. Fresh Catch, which contained only fish,
3956-454: The 1950s, cats were becoming more popular as pets, but dry food for cats had not been introduced yet. In the early 1950s, a series of specialty dog food products were introduced under the Friskies brand, including one for puppies and cats. According to The Encyclopedia of Consumer Brands , "it was soon discovered that cats disliked the new 'puppy food'." A sales manager named Henry Arnest was considered "eccentric" for advocating that Friskies make
4042-409: The 2000s, variations in Friskies cat food proliferated as the competition for consumer spending intensified. Friskies is produced and marketed by Nestlé Purina PetCare , a subsidiary of Nestlé. Friskies was first introduced in the 1930s by Carnation through its subsidiary, Albers Company. By 1973, Friskies was one of five companies that controlled two-thirds of the $ 1.75 billion pet food market. At
4128-672: The GIT, thereby improving GIT health and immune function) are produced. FOS can also impact production of other fatty acids. Malnutrition can be a problem for cats fed non-conventional diets. Cats fed exclusively on raw, freshwater fish can develop a thiamine deficiency. Those fed exclusively on liver may develop vitamin A toxicity. Also, homemade diets, either 'organic', 'natural', or 'vegetarian' may contain excessive protein and phosphorus while being deficient in calcium , vitamin E , and microminerals such as copper , zinc , and potassium . Energy density must also be maintained relative to
4214-570: The Grumpy Cat website, Facebook , YouTube and Twitter accounts. Grumpy Cat appeared in episodes of the Friskies YouTube game show "Will Kitty Play With It?" In September 2013, it was announced that Grumpy Cat would become the Official Spokescat of Friskies. TMZ reported that for Grumpy Cat's SXSW Interactive appearance in Austin, Texas, Friskies paid for first-class flights,
4300-603: The RER. This type of high energy diet has proven to be very important in the nutritional support of post-operative and ill cats. Raw feeding is providing uncooked ingredients to cats. Most of the diet will consist of animal-based ingredients, though fruits, vegetables and supplements are often added. Commercial raw food is mainly sold in three formats: fresh, frozen and freeze-dried . Thawing and rehydration are necessary before feeding frozen and freeze-dried food respectively. Many available commercial diets are AAFCO certified in meeting
4386-571: The US and Australia found 26% of cats received treats on a daily basis. However, not more than 10% of a cat's calorie intake should come from treats. Soy is often used in commercial cat food diets as a vegetable protein. In one study more than half of commercial cat foods surveyed contained soy isoflavones . Genistein and daidzein , both of which occur in soybeans, inhibit the enzymes thyroid peroxidase and thyroxine 5-deiodinase . This causes decreased thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations. In response to decreased triiodothyronine levels
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#17331044558954472-460: The Webkinz website. Additionally, Chronicle Books has published The Grumpy Cat Wall Calendar each year since 2013, with a 2022 edition available as of January 2022. The official Grumpy Cat book, Grumpy Cat: A Grumpy Book , was published on July 23, 2013, by Chronicle Books. The book is available in both print and digital formats from retailers worldwide. It debuted at #8 hardcover nonfiction on
4558-406: The amino acids taurine and arginine . Some of these nutrients are not found in plants and must be sourced from meat in the natural diet. Cats lack the specific physiology to extract nutrients efficiently from raw plant-based materials, and require a high protein diet. In the United States, cat food using the label "complete and balanced" is required to meet standards that have been established by
4644-471: The body as an energy source, but only when there are insufficient levels of protein. An important component of many weight loss/weight control diets is L-carnitine . This is a vitamin-like substance that is found in animal protein. It can be found in ingredients commonly used in more commercial pet foods, but specifically weight management/weight loss diets. L-carnitine is involved in many biological pathways, more specifically fatty acid metabolism, allowing for
4730-435: The body will produce more thyroid-stimulating hormone to normalize triiodothyronine levels, this has been shown to result in increased thyroxine levels. This may result in hyperplasia of the thyroid gland and thyrotoxicosis . Cat food may be formulated for a variety of specialist diets, for therapeutic or other purposes. A 2004 survey in the US and Australia found 3.6% of cats were fed therapeutic diets. A renal diet
4816-577: The body, helping to decrease the strain put on the kidneys. The exact level of protein that is needed for therapeutic CKD diets is unclear. Low protein diets can be formulated as a wet or dry food, with the main difference being the moisture content. Unfortunately, low protein diets are not as palatable to cats as diets high in protein. Low protein diets should not be fed to cats with the liver condition known as hepatic encephalopathy because severe protein restriction can be detrimental to animals with this condition. Cats with this condition should be fed
4902-481: The cat expends more energy but does not increase its food energy intake. It has also been demonstrated that as cats age, they are less able to digest and thus absorb dietary fats and proteins. Pregnancy and lactation are strenuous periods on the female cat. During pregnancy a cat should gain 38% of their body weight by the time they are ready to give birth. It is recommended that a cat's diet should contain 4000 kcal per kg of dry food while pregnant; during lactation it
4988-480: The cat with nutrient-dense, low energy ingredients. Studies have shown that cats fed lower energy diets had a significantly reduced incidence of obesity, as the typical indoor pet cat does not need more energy than their resting energy requirement. For an average cat weighing 10–11 pounds (about 5 kg), it would have a resting energy requirement of 180–200 kcal/day. Along with energy input and output, specific nutrients can be important in weight control diets. Fiber
5074-543: The conversion of long-chain fatty acids into energy. The introduction of L-carnitine ensures rapid transport and oxidation of fatty acids as well as efficient usage of dietary fatty acids and protein. Supplementary L-carnitine is used more often in weight loss diets, since its benefits mainly involve fatty acid metabolism to control weight loss. However, since weight control is, in essence, a prevention stage in overall weight management, it still has value in weight control diets in preserving and building lean body mass and inhibiting
5160-403: The diet, the microbiome and fatty acid content are often changed for the better. An example is less branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs; which are more difficult and take more time to digest) are produced and more short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; which are easier to digest and are more readily available sources of energy which can be used for supporting cell turnover keeping cells, like those found in
5246-462: The digestive system. It is also important for fat to be digestible because too much undigested fat that reaches the end of the digestive tract (colon) has the possibility of being fermented and can worsen the symptoms of GIT disease and induce other reactions like diarrhea. It has also been suggested that cats should eat diets tailored to the section of the GIT that is diseased. When certain nutrients like fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are included in
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#17331044558955332-404: The east coast market, because its cat food products weren't popular there, but decided to stay. A Carnation report found that consumers preferred more upscale, single-serving food products, so the treats were rebranded as single-serving, canned foods called "Friskies Buffet" in 1967. Buffet became one of Friskies' best-sellers. In the 1970s and 1980s, Friskies-brand food products were introduced in
5418-447: The excess energy is provided by fat, more weight will be gained than if the excess calories are coming from protein. Dietary protein also improves satiety during feed, resulting in decreased overconsumption of food. The protein content of the diet is a key factor in building and maintaining lean body (muscle) mass, which is an important aspect of weight control. Lean body mass maintenance is regulated by protein intake, but more importantly
5504-556: The food supplied comes from within the US, the FDA ensures that standards are met within our borders even when components come from countries with less stringent levels of safety or label integrity." The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the source of nutrient absorption, making it integral to overall health. Research shows fiber , prebiotics , probiotics , antioxidants and fatty acids are important in maintaining gastrointestinal health. To achieve optimal cellular health (especially in
5590-399: The gut) and to maintain a healthy microbiome , proper nutrition is necessary (nutrition is multifactorial and complex). Cats with gastrointestinal diseases must consume an easily digestible diet with the appropriate nutrients provided by easily digestible ingredients and in the correct ratio which is recommended to be fed in small portions frequently throughout the day, so as not to overwhelm
5676-470: The most common), as well as an increase in energy and a decrease in bodily waste odours, although no scientific evidence exists to prove these claims. In addition, raw food comes at risk of malnutrition (by inexpert formulation) and infection (to the cat and other family members). Commercial raw diets can undergo High Pressure Pasteurization (HPP), a process which kills bacteria and pathogens, including salmonella , using high water pressure. This technique
5762-401: The number of pathogenic bacteria and increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the gut. They also help to maintain microbial balance and a healthy immune system. Fiber is fermented in the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids which can be used as an energy source. Fermentable fiber has been demonstrated to enhance general health and decrease inflammation. Furthermore, non-fermentable fiber
5848-502: The nutrient requirements of the cat. Some diets may be formulated for all life stages or they can also be AAFCO certified for adult maintenance or growth and gestation/lactation. Many people feed their cats raw food believing that it mimics the prey diet that wild cats would consume. Firm believers report that such a diet can bring about many health benefits, such as a shinier coat, cleaner teeth and an improved immunity to various gastrointestinal ailments (with diarrhea and constipation being
5934-425: The nutrients present in animal flesh for their dietary needs in nature. Even domesticated cats can consume freshly killed meat from rodents, rabbits, amphibians, birds, reptiles and fish, whether through hunting or by having it provided by humans. The natural diet of cats does not include any vegetable matter. Cats cannot synthesize some nutrients that are non-essential for humans and required for survival, including
6020-510: The official Grumpy Cat online shop. Licensed merchandise like T-shirts and mugs are advertised on the Grumpy Cat website and sold at Hot Topic . Stuffed toys are also available, the original official plush was produced by Gund , though as of August 2018, no Grumpy Cat merchandise was available on the Gund website. Ganz , the company behind Webkinz , produced a small Grumpy Cat plush which allowed anyone to play with her electronic likeness on
6106-408: The other nutrients . When vegetable oil is used to maintain the energy balance, cats may not find the food as palatable , causing less food to be eaten. Most store-bought cat food comes in either dry form, also known in the US as kibble , or wet form (canned or in pouches). Some manufacturers sell frozen raw diets and premix products to cater to owners who feed raw . Dry food (8–10% moisture)
6192-402: The rationing of tin for canned pet foods, in order to preserve metal for the war effort. The rationing of tin led to a growth in sales of Friskies dry food products, as competitors that sold canned foods were forced to limit production. The first Friskies brand canned dog food was released in 1951 and nine Friskies products were released from 1958 to 1963. When Friskies cat food was introduced in
6278-411: The same year, an advertisement for Spratt (better known for making dog food) said that their cat food entirely superseded "the unwholesome practice of feeding on boiled horse flesh". And, in another book on cats, Stables recommended the company's food: Attend to the feeding, and, at a more than one-day show, cats ought to have water as well as milk. I think boiled lights, cut into small pieces, with
6364-530: The screen. According to Adweek , Friskies "jumped on the cat Internet meme phenomena." The internet celebrity cat, Grumpy Cat (also known as Tardar Sauce), became a Friskies spokescat in 2013 after having been featured in episodes of the Friskies YouTube game show "Will Kitty Play With It?" That same year, Friskies created a series of four Henri, le Chat Noir short films on the subject of "cat food boredom" and several internet celebrity cats were used in
6450-644: The series was aired during the Super Bowl , which was the first time Friskies aired a television commercial during the event. Friskies-brand products currently include dry food, canned wet food and treats for cats. According to the Friskies website, there are more than 50 variations of Friskies cat food. There are five dry food flavors sold in bags, including "Seafood Sensations" and "Grillers." Wet foods are sold in various flavors, such as chicken or seafood, and in vacuum bags or cans. The Tasty Treasures canned wet food has cheese and bacon flavors. SauceSations canned wet food
6536-571: The shape of kibble, and baked. At this point, it no longer smells like meat. Fat may be sprayed on the food afterwards to increase palatability , as well as other minor ingredients, such as heat-sensitive vitamins, which would be destroyed in the extrusion process. Dry food is most often packed in multi-wall paper bags , sometimes with a plastic film layer; similar bag styles with film laminates or coextrusions are also used. Dry foods contain high amounts of carbohydrates in order to maintain their shape and structure. Concerns have been raised that there
6622-421: The storage of excess dietary fat. The majority of studies focusing on supplementary L-carnitine use look at its benefits for weight loss, including its effect on metabolic rate and fatty acid oxidation. At the same time, these studies still show similar results that prove their effects of controlling fatty acid metabolism for weight control, to avoid the need for weight loss diets. Grain free cat food substitutes
6708-492: The time Carnation was known for dry milk products, but also had operations processing animal feed for farms. It experimented with dry food products for 3.5 years at Carnation Farms, initially with stray dogs in improvised cages, and later with pure-breds in a formal kennel. Carnation International was formed in 1966 to market Carnation's pet food products internationally in Japan, Spain, France, England and Italy, among others. Carnation
6794-427: The typical carbohydrate sources like wheat, corn or rice with alternative sources such as white potato, peas, sweet potato or tapioca. Grumpy Cat Tardar Sauce (April 4, 2012 – May 14, 2019), nicknamed Grumpy Cat , was an American internet celebrity cat. She was known for her permanently "grumpy" facial appearance , which was caused by an underbite and feline dwarfism . She came to prominence when
6880-401: The voice of Grumpy Cat. The film received mostly negative reviews. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 27%, based on 11 reviews, and an average rating of 4.17/10. In March 2013, Bryan Bundesen indicated that Grumpy Cat earned them income in the "mid-five figures", which increased to "low-six-figures" by May 2013. The Bundesens have not disclosed
6966-401: Was acquired by Nestlé in 1985 for $ 3 billion. After the acquisition, it was renamed Nestlé/Carnation Food Company, before becoming a Nestlé subsidiary in 1992, under the name Friskies PetCare Company. The Friskies brand had a market-share of 28.2% by 1992. Friskies was merged with Nestlé subsidiary Nestlé Purina Petcare in 2001, during the merger with former competitor Ralston Purina . Friskies
7052-502: Was first introduced as a dry dog food brand in 1934. It introduced "Friskies Cubes" that year, which was followed by pellets called "Friskies Meal," eight years later. Friskies sold well as a dry dog food on the west coast of the United States; then was increasingly distributed on the east coast. Only dry food was initially produced, because consumers preferred less expensive products during the Great Depression and World War II led to
7138-645: Was introduced in the early 1990s. According to industry analysts, competition in the pet food industry heightened by 1990. According to The Encyclopedia of Consumer Brands , the market was at "a virtual saturation point" with more than 400 pet food products on the market. Friskies was one of six brands that controlled 80 percent of the pet food market and competed intensely with one another. Starting in 2011, Friskies has been developing digital games for cats on mobile devices that are played using touch-screens. Some of its early games included Cat Fishing, JitterBug and Pull 'n Play, which each focused on chasing moving targets on
7224-441: Was named "Little Friskies for Cats." A cartoon cat was used as its mascot. It was advertised on television, newspapers, and through Friskies Research Digest , a publication for veterinarians and animal breeders published by Friskies. Canned "treats" for cats were first test-marketed in 1958. They were initially popular on the west coast of the United States, but not in the east. In 1959, Carnation executives considered withdrawing from
7310-528: Was one of a litter of four kittens born to a calico mother and a blue-and-white tabby putative father at the home of her owner, Tabatha Bundesen of Morristown, Arizona . The Bundesens said that Tardar Sauce's face appeared grumpy because the feline had a form of dwarfism . Though the mother and father were described as "normal-sized domestic short-hair cats ", Tardar Sauce was undersized and had hind legs that were "a bit different". Both she and her brother, Pokey, were born with "a flat face, bubble eyes, and
7396-482: Was released by Ganz Studios and is playable on Facebook , iOS devices and Android devices. The game is a match-three game where if combos are performed, Grumpy Cat's insults will appear. The players unlock her memes as they pass each level and she can be made angry with meows, hairballs and laser pointers. In May 2013, Grumpy Cat Limited partnered with Grenade Beverage LLC to market "Grumppuccino" iced coffee beverages. In December 2015, Grumpy Cat Limited filed
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