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39-606: Frauenfeld District is one of the five districts of the canton of Thurgau , Switzerland . It has a population of 69,773 (as of 31 December 2020). Its capital, and the capital of Thurgau, is the city of Frauenfeld . The district shares borders with canton Zurich and canton Schaffhausen as well a river border with the German enclave of Büsingen am Hochrhein . The district contains the following municipalities: 47°33′N 8°53′E  /  47.550°N 8.883°E  / 47.550; 8.883 Canton of Thurgau Thurgau

78-497: A loose military alliance (and ruling over subject territories such as Vaud ), was invaded by the French Revolutionary Army and turned into an ally known as the "Helvetic Republic". The interference with localism and traditional liberties was deeply resented, although some modernizing reforms took place. Resistance was strongest in the more traditional Catholic cantons, with armed uprisings breaking out in spring 1798 in

117-577: A member of the Swiss confederation. The cantonal coat of arms was designed in 1803, based on the coat of arms of the Kyburg family, which ruled the Thurgau in the 13th century, changing the background to green-and-white, at the time considered "revolutionary" colours (c.f. tricolour ); as the placement of a yellow ( or ) charge on white ( argent ) is a violation of heraldic principles, there have been suggestions to modify

156-565: A solution. Although the Federalist representatives formed a minority at the conciliation conference, known as the "Helvetic Consulta", Bonaparte characterised Switzerland as federal "by nature" and considered it unwise to force the country into any other constitutional framework. On 19 February 1803, the Act of Mediation abolished the Helvetic Republic and restored the cantons. With the abolition of

195-472: A specific canton. The Helvetic Republic reduced the formerly sovereign cantons to mere administrative division, though keeping the denomination of cantons, while also raising to such status unrepresented territories previously ruled as subjects of the Confederation. In order to weaken the old power -structures, it defined new boundaries for some cantons. The Act of 1798 and subsequent developments resulted in

234-463: Is part of Eastern Switzerland . It is named after the river Thur , and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area, including part of this river's basin upstream of the modern canton. The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century. Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at

273-490: Is seen as a time of national weakness and loss of independence. For cantons such as Vaud, Thurgau and Ticino , the three who in 1898 celebrated the centenary of their independence, the Republic was a time of political freedom and liberation from the rule of other cantons. However, the period was also marked by foreign domination and instability, and for the cantons of Bern, Schwyz and Nidwalden it signified military defeat. In 1995,

312-608: The Bourla-papey uprising and the Stecklikrieg civil war of 1802. By then, the Republic was 12 million francs in debt, having started with a treasury of 6 million francs. This, together with local resistance, caused the Helvetic Republic to collapse , and its government took refuge in Lausanne . At that time, Napoleon Bonaparte , then First Consul of France, summoned representatives of both sides to Paris in order to negotiate

351-676: The Diets . The constitution of the Helvetic Republic came mainly from the design of Peter Ochs , a magistrate from Basel . It established a central two-chamber legislature which included the Grand Council (with 8 members per canton) and the Senate (4 members per canton). The executive , known as the Directory , comprised 5 members. The Constitution also established actual Swiss citizenship , as opposed to just citizenship of one's canton of birth. Under

390-555: The Federal Assembly chose not to celebrate the 200 year anniversary of the Helvetic Republic but to allow individual cantons to celebrate if they wished. The Federal Councilors took part in official events in Aargau in January 1998. The Helvetic period represents a key step toward the modern federal state . For the first time, the population was defined as Swiss, not as inhabitants of

429-584: The Old Swiss Confederacy , citizenship was granted by each town and village only to residents. These citizens enjoyed access to community property and in some cases additional protection under the law. Additionally, the urban towns and the rural villages had differing rights and laws. The creation of a uniform Swiss citizenship, which applied equally for citizens of the old towns and their tenants and servants, led to conflict. The wealthier villagers and urban citizens held rights to forests, common land and other municipal property which they did not want to share with

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468-481: The Old Swiss Confederation collapsed. On 12 April 1798, 121 cantonal deputies proclaimed the Helvetic Republic, "One and Indivisible". On 14 April 1798, a cantonal assembly was called in the canton of Zürich , but most of the politicians from the previous assembly were re-elected. The new régime abolished cantonal sovereignty and feudal rights. The occupying forces established a centralised state based on

507-511: The canton of St. Gallen ; to the west lie the cantons of Zürich and Schaffhausen . The area of the canton is 991 km (383 sq mi) and commonly divided into three hill masses. One of these stretches along Lake Constance in the north. Another is further inland between the Thur and the river Murg . The third one forms the southern border of the canton and merges with the Hörnli mountain in

546-474: The canton of Säntis . Due to the instability of the situation, the Helvetic Republic had over 6 constitutions in a period of four years. The Helvetic Republic did highlight the desirability of a central authority to handle matters for the country as a whole (as opposed to the individual cantons which handled matters at the local level). In the post-Napoleonic era, the differences between the cantons (varying currencies and systems of weights and measurements) and

585-510: The central part of Switzerland . The French and Helvetic armies suppressed the uprisings, but opposition to the new government gradually increased over the years, as the Swiss resented their loss of local democracy, the new taxes, the centralization and the hostility to religion. Nonetheless, there were long-term effects to the Helvetic citizens. The Republic's name Helvetic , after the Helvetii ,

624-441: The "new citizens", who were generally poor. The compromise solution, which was written into the municipal laws of the Helvetic Republic, is still valid today. Two politically separate but often geographically similar organizations were created. The first, the so-called municipality, was a political community formed by-election and its voting body consists of all resident citizens. However, the community land and property remained with

663-817: The French. This army was deployed along the defensive line from Napf to Rapperswil . Reding besieged French-controlled Lucerne and marched across the Brünig pass into the Berner Oberland to support the armies of Bern. At the same time, the French General Balthasar Alexis Henri Antoine of Schauenburg marched out of occupied Zürich to attack Zug , Lucerne and the Sattel pass . Even though Reding's army won victories at Rothenthurm and Morgarten , Schauenburg's victory near Sattel allowed him to threaten

702-585: The Gaulish inhabitants of the Swiss Plateau in antiquity, was not an innovation; rather, the Swiss Confederacy had occasionally been dubbed Republica Helvetiorum in humanist Latin since the 17th century, and Helvetia , the Swiss national personification , made her first appearance in 1672. In Swiss history , the Helvetic Republic represents an early attempt to establish a centralized government in

741-528: The authorities crushed, with towns and villages burnt down by French troops. No general agreement existed about the future of the Swiss. Leading groups split into the Unitaires , who wanted a united republic, and the Federalists , who represented the old aristocracy and demanded a return to cantonal sovereignty. Coup attempts became frequent and the new régime had to rely on the French to survive. Furthermore,

780-481: The canton . The ten largest municipalities by population are: The canton of Thurgau is known for its agricultural produce. Particularly, apples, pears. The many orchards in the canton are mainly used for the production of cider. Wine is produced in the Thur valley. There is also industry in the canton of Thurgau. The main industries are printing, textiles and handicrafts. Small and middle-sized businesses are important for

819-497: The cantonal economy. Many of these are concentrated around the capital. Helvetic Republic The Helvetic Republic ( République helvétique   ( French ) , Helvetische Republik   ( German ) , Repubblica Elvetica   ( Italian ) , Republica helvetica   ( Romansh ) ) was a sister republic of France that existed between 1798 and 1803, during the French Revolutionary Wars . It

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858-465: The centralized state, Switzerland became a confederation once again, called the Swiss Confederation . Before the advent of the Helvetic Republic, each individual canton had exercised complete sovereignty over its own territory or territories. Little central authority had existed, with matters concerning the country as a whole confined mainly to meetings of leading representatives from the cantons:

897-468: The cloister of Ittingen in the Thurgau, driving out monks, destroying documents, and devastating the wine-cellar. Between 1526 and 1531, most of the Thurgau's population adopted the new Reformed faith spreading from Zurich; Zurich's defeat in the 1531 Second War of Kappel ended Reformed predominance. Instead, the First Peace of Kappel protected both Catholic and Reformed worship , though the provisions of

936-745: The country. During the French Revolutionary Wars of the 1790s, the French Republican armies expanded eastward. In 1793, the National Convention had imposed friendship with the United States and the Swiss Confederation as the sole limit while delegating its powers in foreign policy to the Committee of Public Safety , but the situation changed when the more conservative Directoire took power in 1795 and Napoleon conquered Northern Italy in 1796. The French Republican armies enveloped Switzerland on

975-468: The design, including a 1938 suggestion to use a solid green field divided by a diagonal white line, but they were unsuccessful. The current cantonal constitution of Thurgau dates from 1987. To the north the canton is bound by the Lake Constance across which lies Germany ( Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria ) and Austria ( Vorarlberg ). The Rhine creates the border in the northwest. To the south lies

1014-698: The early medieval period were Konstanz as the seat of the bishop and St. Gallen for the Abbey of Saint Gall . The dukes of the House of Zähringen and the counts of the Kyburg family took over much of the land in the High Middle Ages . The town of Zürich was part of the Thurgau until it became reichsunmittelbar in 1218. When the Kyburg dynasty became extinct in 1264 the House of Habsburg took over that land. The Old Swiss Confederacy allied with ten freed bailiwicks of

1053-525: The formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798. The population, as of December 2020 , is 282,909. In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 resident foreigners, constituting 19.9% of the population. In prehistoric times the lands of the canton were inhabited by people of the Pfyn culture along Lake Constance . During Roman times the canton was part of the province Raetia until 450, when Alemanni settled on

1092-685: The former Toggenburg seized the lands of the Thurgau from the Habsburgs in 1460, and it became a subject territory of seven Swiss cantons (Zurich, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug and Glarus). During the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland , both the Catholic and emerging Reformed parties sought to swing the subject territories, such as the Thurgau, to their side. In 1524, in an incident that resonated across Switzerland, local peasants occupied

1131-540: The former local citizens who were gathered together into the Bürgergemeinde . After an uprising led by Alois von Reding in 1798, some cantons were merged, thus reducing their anti-centralist effectiveness in the legislature. Uri , Schwyz , Zug and Unterwalden together became the canton of Waldstätten ; Glarus and the Sarganserland became the canton of Linth , and Appenzell and St. Gallen combined as

1170-469: The grounds of "liberating" the Swiss people, whose own system of government was deemed feudal , especially for annexed territories such as Vaud . Some Swiss nationals, including Frédéric-César de La Harpe , had called for French intervention on these grounds. The invasion proceeded largely peacefully since the Swiss people failed to respond to the calls of their politicians to take up arms. On 5 March 1798, French troops completely overran Switzerland and

1209-524: The ideas of the French Revolution . Many Swiss citizens resisted these " progressive " ideas, particularly in the central areas of the country. Some of the more controversial aspects of the new regime limited freedom of worship , which outraged many of the more devout citizens. In response, the Cantons of Uri , Schwyz and Nidwalden raised an army of about 10,000 men led by Alois von Reding to fight

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1248-513: The lands. In the sixth century, Thurgovia became a Gau of Francia as part of Alamannia , passing to the Duchy of Swabia in the early 10th century. At this time, Thurgovia included not just what is now the canton of Thurgau, but also much of the territory of the modern canton of St. Gallen , the Appenzell and the eastern parts of the canton of Zürich . The most important cities of Thurgovia in

1287-576: The occupying forces insisted that the accommodation and feeding of the soldiers be paid for by the local populace, which drained the economy. The treaty of alliance of 19 August with France, which also reaffirmed the French annexation of the Prince-Bishopric of Basel and imposed French rights over the Upper Rhine and the Simplon Pass for evident strategic reasons towards Germany and Italy, also broke

1326-514: The perceived need for better co-ordination between them came to a head and culminated in the Swiss Federal Constitution of 1848 . The Republic's 5-member Directory resembles the 7-member Swiss Federal Council , Switzerland's present-day executive. The Helvetic Republic is still very controversial within Switzerland. Carl Hilty described the period as the first democratic experience in Swiss territory, while within conservatism it

1365-621: The pre-Alps. The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2020) is 282,909. The canton is mostly German speaking. The population (as of 2000 ) is split between Protestants (45%) and Roman Catholics (36%). The historical population is given in the following table: Since January 2011, Thurgau has been divided into five districts which are named after their capitals. Before this date, there were eight districts - ( Steckborn District , Bischofszell District and Diessenhofen District formed their own districts with their surrounding municipalities). As of 2009 , there are 80 municipalities in

1404-481: The town of Schwyz . On 4 May 1798, the town council of Schwyz surrendered. On 13 May, Reding and Schauenburg agreed to a cease-fire, the terms of which included the rebel cantons merging into a single one, thus limiting their effectiveness in the central government. However, the French failed to keep their promises in respecting religious matters and before the year was out there was another uprising in Nidwalden which

1443-444: The tradition of neutrality established by the Confederation. All this made it difficult to establish a new working state. In 1799, Switzerland became a virtual battle-zone between the French, Austrian, and Imperial Russian armies, with the locals supporting mainly the latter two, rejecting calls to fight with the French armies in the name of the Helvetic Republic. Instability in the Republic reached its peak in 1802–1803; it included

1482-525: The treaty generally favored the Catholics, who also made up a majority among the seven ruling cantons. Religious tensions over the Thurgau were an important background to the First War of Villmergen (1656), during which Zurich briefly occupied the Thurgau. In 1798 the land became a canton for the first time as part of the Helvetic Republic . In 1803, as part of the Act of Mediation , the canton of Thurgau became

1521-495: Was created following the French invasion and the consequent dissolution of the Old Swiss Confederacy , marking the end of the ancien régime in Switzerland . Throughout its existence, the republic incorporated most of the territory of modern Switzerland, excluding the cantons of Geneva and Neuchâtel and the old Prince-Bishopric of Basel . The Swiss Confederacy, which until then had consisted of self-governing cantons united by

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