In filmmaking and video production , footage is raw, unedited material as originally filmed by a movie camera or recorded by a ( often special ) video camera , which typically must be edited to create a motion picture, video clip , television show , or similar completed work.
26-422: Footage can also refer to sequences used in film and video editing , such as special effects and archive material (for special cases of this, see stock footage and B roll ). Since the term originates in film, footage is only used for recorded images, such as film stock , videotapes , or digitized clips. For live television feeds, the signals from video cameras are instead called sources . The origin of
52-557: A hard drive from an analog video or digital video source. Content is ingested and recorded natively with the appropriate codec that the video editing software uses to process captured footage. With high-definition video becoming more popular and it can be readily edited using the same video editing software along with related motion graphics programs. In the late 1980s and early 1990s at home NLE software became more apparent on home computers using software such as Avid Media Composer and Adobe Premiere. The video clips are arranged on
78-516: A vision mixer (video switcher) to create more complex transitions between scenes. A popular 1970-80s system for creating these transitions was the U-matic equipment (named for the U-shaped tape path). That system used two tape players and one tape recorder, and edits were done by automatically having the machines back up, then speed up together simultaneously, so that the edit didn't roll or glitch. Later, in
104-491: A "stock shot" or a "library shot". Stock footage may have appeared in previous productions but may also be outtakes or footage shot for previous productions and not used. Examples of stock footage that might be utilized are moving images of cities and landmarks, wildlife in their natural environments, and historical footage. Suppliers of stock footage may be either rights managed or royalty-free . Many websites offer direct downloads of clips in various formats. A footage broker
130-465: A broader audience of amateurs and reducing the time it takes to edit videos. These exist usually as media storage services, such as Google with its Google Photos or smaller companies like Vidify. Video editing can be used for many purposes. Every social media app, workplace, YouTube video, and educational institute use this skill to create something visually appealing and informational. Extracurricular courses in elementary schools throughout
156-443: A compelling visual story. Before editing film, makers would require the camera to be stationary, with the action being distant from the camera. The video was captured with single shots strung together without regard for continuity, screen direction, lighting, emotional consideration, etc. Using video footage, a director can communicate non-fictional and fictional events. The goal of editing is to combine video and sound to communicate to
182-451: A computer device controller that controls video machines to mechanically put pieces of a film together using a 9-Pin Protocol . This is also referred to as machine to machine or linear. A video editor is also used to refer to an application which can help users to combine different images or video parts and enhance their quality by applying effects and templates. This filmmaking article is
208-516: A high price on the market – scenes shot inside the World Trade Center during the September ;11, 2001 attacks were reportedly sold in 2001 for US$ 45,000 (equivalent to $ 77,000 in 2023). Stock footage is film or video footage that can be used again in other films. Stock footage is beneficial to filmmakers as it saves shooting new material. A single piece of stock footage is called
234-567: A splicer designed for this task. The process did allowed editors to play back their video but only at one speed and to mark the point of cut an editor had to be very precise.This process was used up until the late 1990s and early 2000s but the evolution of video editing continued. By the 1960s the EECO 900 was invented as well as the Ampex EDITEC which allowed for electronic editing and electronic editing controller. Improvements in quality and economy, and
260-444: A timeline, music tracks, titles, digital on-screen graphics are added, special effects can be created, and the finished program is " rendered " into a finished video. The video may then be distributed in a variety of ways including DVD , web streaming , QuickTime Movies, iPod, CD-ROM , or video tape. By the 2000s, NLE had become accessible to everyone, with advanced of central processing units (CPUs) on personal computers giving
286-520: A wide variety of styles and applications. Though once the province of expensive machines called video editors , video editing software is now available for personal computers and workstations . Video editing includes cutting segments (trimming), re-sequencing clips, and adding transitions and other special effects . Video editing is one of the most crucial steps of the post-production process. The process combines all motion video production footage, special effects and sound recordings to create
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#1732855892324312-819: Is an agent who deals in footage by promoting it to footage purchasers or producers, while taking a profit in the sales transaction. Video editing Video editing is the post-production and arrangement of video shots. To showcase perfect video editing to the public, video editors must be reasonable and ensure they have a superior understanding of film, television, and other sorts of videography. Video editing structures and presents all video information, including films and television shows, video advertisements and video essays . Video editing has been dramatically democratized in recent years by editing software available for personal computers. Editing video can be difficult and tedious, so several technologies have been produced to aid people in this task. Overall, video editing has
338-477: Is often traded between television networks , but good footage usually commands a high price. The actual sum depends on duration, age, size of intended audience, duration of licensing, and other factors. Amateur footage is the low-budget hobbyist art of film practised for passion and enjoyment and not for business purposes. Amateur video footage of current events, for instance from camcorders , smart phones or closed-circuit television , can also often fetch
364-520: The United States have been started to educate students on the importance of video editing and practice video production. Notable themes of videos being taught in schools include music videos and short documentaries ; some of which win awards such as one from Panasonic . Video editor A video editor is someone involved in video production and the post-production of film making . Video editor's responsibilities involve decisions about
390-419: The 1950s, video tape recorders (VTR) were invented and it was a defining element in the advancement of video editing. The VTR was the first device to use magnetic tape and was revolutionary due to how it recorded video. The VTR was a revolutionary addition to video editing but had major drawbacks the quality degradation caused by copying was so great, that a 2-inch Quadruplex videotape was edited by visualizing
416-526: The 1980-90's came the smaller beta equipment (named for the B-shaped tape path), and more complex controllers, some of which did the synchronizing electronically. Non-linear editing (NLE) was first introduced in the 1970s with the CMX 600, which allowed editors to modify and edit the pieces of footage to be moved and placed in an alternate timeline and preserving the original footage, the ability to work on any segment in
442-483: The United States, although footage is still widely used. Sometimes film projects will also sell or trade footage, usually second unit material not used in the final cut. For example, the end of the non- director's cut version of Blade Runner used landscape views that were originally shot for The Shining before the script was modified after shooting had finished. Television footage, especially news footage,
468-410: The ability to edit at home with higher resolutions. Like some other technologies, the cost of video editing has declined over time. The original 2" Quadruplex system costs so much, that many television production facilities could only afford a single unit, and editing was a highly involved process that required special training. In contrast to this, nearly any home computer sold since the year 2000 has
494-460: The audience and allow them to feel emotionally connected to the story. It is a visual art. Motion picture film editing is a predecessor to video editing and, in several ways, video editing simulates motion picture film editing. Video editing was first introduced with the use of linear video editing , which was performed before digital software. Followed by video editing software on non-linear editing systems (NLE). The first type of editing in
520-480: The early 1900s was made with scissors, tape, and an editing table. Since editors could not view their edits while in the process, holding the film to the light was their only way of viewing their work. With the invention of the Moviola in the 1920s, a machine that allowed editors to see the film and make precise edits to deliver a better film. this process was used for about fifty years and helped advance video editing. In
546-451: The invention of the flying erase-head , allowed new video and audio material to be recorded over the material already present on an existing magnetic tape . This was introduced into the linear editing technique. If a scene closer to the beginning of the video tape needed to be changed in length, all later scenes would need to be recorded onto the video tape again in sequence . In addition, sources could be played back simultaneously through
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#1732855892324572-426: The recorded track with ferrofluid , cutting it with a razor blade or guillotine cutter, and splicing with video tape . The two pieces of tape to be joined were painted with a solution of extremely fine iron filings suspended in carbon tetrachloride , a toxic and carcinogenic compound. This "developed" the magnetic tracks (tape), making them visible when viewed through a microscope so that they could be aligned in
598-442: The selection and combining of shots into sequences, as well as the addition of accompanying sound effects and music—to ultimately create a finished movie , television program , commercial , promo, or snipe . Video editors usually use non-linear editing software to accomplish the task of editing. A video editor is a technically inclined individual that makes creative video editing decisions. A video editor can also refer to
624-469: The speed and storage capacity to digitize and edit standard-definition television (SDTV). The two major retail operating systems include basic video editing software – Apple 's iMovie and Microsoft 's Windows Movie Maker . Additional options exist, usually as more advanced commercial products. As well as these commercial products, there are open-source video-editing programs. Automatic video editing products have also emerged, opening up video editing to
650-708: The term "footage" comes from early 35 mm silent film , which is traditionally measured in feet and frames . The fact that film was measured by length in cutting rooms , and that there are 16 frames ( 4-perf film format ) in a foot of 35 mm film (518.4 frames/meter), which roughly represented 1 second of screen time ( frame rate ) in some early silent films, made footage a natural unit of measure for film. The term then became used figuratively to describe moving image material of any kind. In recent years, neutral terms such as "recorded material" are becoming more popular, especially in English-speaking countries other than
676-557: The video in any order. In 1984, the invention of the Editdroid created by LucasFilm allowed editors a computerized editing system that stored large quantities of high definition footage. There was a transitional analog period using multiple source videocassette recorders (VCR) with the Montage Picture Processor and Ediflex , or EditDroid using LaserDisc players, but modern NLE systems edit video digitally captured onto
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