61-579: The Florence Nightingale Museum is located at St Thomas' Hospital , which faces the Palace of Westminster across the River Thames in South Bank, central London , England. It is open to the public five days a week, Wednesday to Sunday 10:00am until 5:00pm (last entry at 4:30pm). The museum tells the real story of Florence Nightingale , "the lady with the lamp", from her Victorian childhood to her experiences in
122-864: A dispute over the successor to the Surgeon Astley Cooper , Guy's established its own separate medical school in 1825. The medical school subsequently remerged in 1982 with that at Guy's to form the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals (UMDS). Subsequent additions included the Royal Dental Hospital of London School of Dental Surgery joining with Guy's Dental School on 1 August 1983 and St John's Institute of Dermatology on 1 August 1985. The latter had previously been located at 5 Lisle Street in Soho . Following discussion held between 1990 and 1992 with King's College London and
183-555: A sovereign require an order from the reigning monarch as well as a parliamentary vote to authorise the funding. A similar myth suggests that the place of death is changed because a death in a royal palace would require an inquest from the Coroner of the Queen's Household and a hearing before a jury of members of the Royal Household . Although the position of Coroner of the Queen's Household
244-649: Is a London Underground station in the City of Westminster . It is served by the Circle , District and Jubilee lines. On the Circle and District lines, the station is between St James's Park and Embankment , and on the Jubilee line it is between Green Park and Waterloo . It is in Travelcard Zone 1 . The station is located at the corner of Bridge Street and Victoria Embankment and
305-463: Is a UK-based charity that funds research into pregnancy problems and provides information to parents. The charity believes that it is unacceptable that one in four women in the UK will lose a baby during pregnancy and birth. It started when two obstetricians working in the maternity unit at the hospital were inspired to start fundraising for more research into pregnancy problems. It funds three research centres in
366-479: Is a prominent London landmark – largely due to its location on the opposite bank of the River Thames to the Houses of Parliament . St Thomas' Hospital is accessible from Westminster tube station (a 10-minute walk across Westminster Bridge ), Waterloo station (tube and national rail, also a 10-minute walk) and Lambeth North tube station (another 10-minute walk). The hospital was described as ancient in 1215 and
427-697: Is also a member of King's Health Partners , an academic health science centre , and is one of three sites used by King's College London GKT School of Medical Education . Originally located in Southwark , but based in Lambeth since 1871, the hospital has provided healthcare freely or under charitable auspices since the 12th century. It is one of London's most famous hospitals, associated with people such as Sir Astley Cooper , William Cheselden , Florence Nightingale , Alicia Lloyd Still , Linda Richards , Edmund Montgomery , Agnes Elizabeth Jones and Sir Harold Ridley . It
488-725: Is close to the Houses of Parliament , Westminster Abbey , Parliament Square , Whitehall , Westminster Bridge , and the London Eye . Also close by are Downing Street , the Cenotaph , Westminster Millennium Pier , the Treasury , the Foreign and Commonwealth Office , and the Supreme Court . The station is in two parts: sub-surface platforms opened in 1868 by the District Railway (DR) as part of
549-630: Is commemorated by a plaque on the surviving wing in Borough High Street. The plaque inaccurately refers to "the first printed Bible in English" rather than "one of the first". There were some twenty-four priors, masters, wardens or rectors who served between the foundation of the hospital and the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539. Dr. Eleazar Hodson was the first St Thomas' physician about whom
610-473: Is funded by central government with money separate from other NHS trust funds. It originally consisted of two 28-bed wards, but nowadays Dreadnought patients are treated according to clinical need and so are placed in the ward most suitable for their medical condition. Following the merger of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals into one trust, accident and emergency services were consolidated at St Thomas' Hospital in 1993. Former prime minister Harold Wilson died at
671-516: Is located at a site historically known as Stangate in the London Borough of Lambeth . It is directly across the River Thames from the Palace of Westminster on a plot of land largely reclaimed from the river during construction of the Albert Embankment in the late 1860s. The new buildings were designed by Henry Currey and the foundation stone was laid by Queen Victoria in 1868. There
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#1732848726093732-719: The City of London via the North London Line to Willesden Junction , then the West London Line to Addison Road and the DR to Mansion House – at that time the eastern terminus of the DR. From 1 August 1872, the Middle Circle service also began operations through South Kensington, running from Moorgate along the MR's tracks on the north side of the Inner Circle to Paddington, then over
793-696: The Crimean , through to her years as an ardent campaigner for health reform. Nightingale is recognised as the founder of modern nursing in the United Kingdom . The new museum explains her legacy and also celebrates nursing today: it is a member of The London Museums of Health & Medicine group. In 1860, four years after her famous involvement in the Crimean War , Nightingale founded the Nightingale Training School for nurses at St. Thomas' Hospital and
854-706: The Hammersmith & City Railway (H&CR) track to Latimer Road , then, via a now demolished link, on the WLEJR to Addison Road and the DR to Mansion House. The service was operated jointly by the H&;CR and the DR. On 30 June 1900, the Middle Circle service was shortened to terminate at Earl's Court, and, on 31 December 1908, the Outer Circle service was withdrawn from the DR tracks. As part of efforts to improve competitiveness,
915-725: The House of Commons in 1907, his death was recorded as occurring in the House and not at St Thomas' Hospital. The hospital was requisitioned by the War Office in 1914 to create the 5th London General Hospital, a facility for the Royal Army Medical Corps to treat military casualties. The northern part of the hospital site was severely damaged during the Second World War , with three ward blocks destroyed. Limited reconstruction began in
976-805: The London County Council from 1929 to 1940); Dame Barbara Cozens (Matron-in-Chief and Director of Army Nursing Services from 1960 to 1964), and Theodora Turner (Matron at St. Thomas' 1955 to 1965 and President of the Royal College of Nursing 1966 to 1968.) The school merged with other training schools in the 1990's, then became the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care , part of King's College London . 51°29′57″N 0°07′08″W / 51.49910°N 0.11891°W / 51.49910; -0.11891 Westminster tube station Westminster
1037-690: The Old Operating Theatre , which is now a museum. However the hospital left Southwark in 1862, when its ancient site was compulsorily purchased to make way for the construction of the Charing Cross railway viaduct from London Bridge Station. The hospital was temporarily housed at Royal Surrey Gardens in Newington (Walworth) until new buildings on the present site in Lambeth near Lambeth Palace were completed in 1871. The present-day St Thomas' Hospital
1098-654: The RIBA Award for Architecture in 2001. Both projects were jointly short-listed in 2001 for the RIBA's prestigious Stirling Prize . In July 2003, the Royal Navy unveiled a plaque of HMS Westminster in the station concourse, commemorating the relationship between London Underground and Navy. As part of the Transported by Design programme of activities, on 15 October 2015, after two months of public voting, Westminster tube station
1159-417: The deep-level station involved the excavation of a 39-metre (128 ft) deep void around and beneath the sub-surface station to house the escalators to the Jubilee line platforms. The void, known as the station box , was the deepest ever excavation in central London and was carried out between thick reinforced concrete diaphragm walls stiffened and braced horizontally for stability. Under Bridge Street, on
1220-451: The 1950s including the building now known as East Wing. Complete rebuilding to a more ambitious plan to designs by Yorke Rosenberg Mardall was agreed on in the 1960s requiring the realignment of Lambeth Palace Road further away from the river to enlarge the hospital campus. The new buildings have white-tiled cladding, which was a characteristic of several other university and hospital buildings designed by that practice. As construction of
1281-454: The 1980s. They are now Grade II listed buildings . In November 1949, in an operating theatre in St Thomas' Hospital, Harold Ridley achieved the world's first implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL), treating a cataract in a 49-year-old female patient. In later life Ridley himself underwent successful bilateral intraocular lens implantation at St Thomas's. What was most pleasing to him
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#17328487260931342-526: The Apostle ". A hospital belonging to two men, both called Thomas, would be Thomases', so the name change in the late 20th century is considered by some to be a simple mistake. Within the South Wing of the hospital there are a number of late Victorian brass plaques headed "St Thomas's Hospital" i.e. using singular genitive. However, the medical school used the singular genitive s's ; the explanation given for this
1403-455: The Apostle . This was due to the efforts of the City of London who obtained the grant of the site and a charter of 1553 from Edward VI (26th June, 7 Edw. VI) establishing three institutions Bridewell Hospital , Christ's Hospital and St Thomas' Hospital. The hospital has remained open ever since. The hospital was also where one of the first printed English Bibles was produced in 1537, and this
1464-522: The Crimean. It contains a mix of medicines and herbal remedies, from bicarbonate of soda to powdered rhubarb. The museum displays a rare Register of Nurses that lists women who served under Nightingale in the military hospitals in Turkey and the Crimean. Interactive exhibits have been created to offer different ways of exploring Florence's story and influence. Free creative activities for children are offered during
1525-480: The DR's tracks were electrified during 1905 and new electric rolling stock was brought into use. In 1907, the station was given its present name, Westminster . By the mid-1890s the station entrance had been incorporated into a larger building. In 1922, a new entrance and canopy was designed for the Bridge Street entrance by Charles Holden and, in 1924, he designed a plainly rendered replacement elevation for
1586-622: The King's College London Act 1997, the UMDS merged in 1998 with King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry to form as The Guy's, Kings & Thomas' Schools of Medicine (GKT School of Medicine), of Dentistry and of Biomedical Sciences. This was renamed as King's College London School of Medicine and Dentistry at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals in 2005. The Nightingale Training School and Home for Nurses opened at St Thomas' Hospital on 9 July 1860 under Matron Sarah Elizabeth Wardroper , endowed from
1647-523: The Metropolitan line-operated Inner Circle route was given its own identity on the tube map as the Circle line. Between late 1962 and early 1964 the east ends of the platforms were extended to allow longer 8-car trains to be operated. This involved carefully enlarging the tunnels under the Metropolitan Police 's original headquarters at New Scotland Yard (now Norman Shaw Buildings ). The station
1708-467: The UK, including St Thomas' in London, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester , and the recently established Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh . The use of the plural genitive s' in place of the singular genitive s's is fairly recent. The hospital newsletter in 2004 claimed that plural s' is grammatically correct, as "there are two men called St Thomas linked to the hospital's history: Thomas Becket and Thomas
1769-528: The all-over glazed roof provided at the DR's other stations. Access to the station was via a passageway from Bridge Street and a pedestrian subway under the road. On 30 May 1870, the railway was extended to Blackfriars . The DR connected to the Metropolitan Railway (MR, later the Metropolitan line ) at South Kensington and, although the two companies were rivals, each company operated its trains over
1830-652: The campus leads to a glazed link between the Lambeth Wing and the North Wing. Guy's and St Thomas' Charity commissioned sculptor Rick Kirby to produce a sculpture " Cross the Divide ", and this was unveiled in 2000 outside the Main Entrance. To the north of the North Wing (closer to Westminster Bridge Road) there is a garden area above car parking with Naum Gabo 's fountain sculpture Revolving Torsion at its centre. Tommy's
1891-408: The clock tower's position. As excavation of the station box and the tunnels took place, grout was injected on 22 occasions between January 1996 and September 1997. The process limited the movement of the clock tower to an acceptable maximum of 35 millimetres (1.4 in). Without the grout injection, the movement would have been at least 120 millimetres (4.7 in) causing cracking to the structure of
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1952-515: The company's first section of the Inner Circle route and deep level platforms opened in 1999 as part of the Jubilee line extension from Green Park to Stratford . A variety of underground and main line services have operated over the sub-surface tracks, but the original station was completely rebuilt in conjunction with the construction of the deep level platforms and Portcullis House , which sits above
2013-558: The eastern entrance on to the Embankment. These were the first of many projects by the architect for the London Electric Railway (the main forerunner of London Transport and Transport for London ). The station platforms were also refurbished with new wall tiling in the green, blue, black and white tiling scheme used later by Holden on many stations of the period and still visible at neighbouring St James's Park station. In 1949,
2074-537: The holidays. 51°30′1″N 0°7′3″W / 51.50028°N 0.11750°W / 51.50028; -0.11750 St Thomas%27 Hospital St Thomas' Hospital is a large NHS teaching hospital in Central London , England. Administratively part of the Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , together with Guy's Hospital , Evelina London Children's Hospital , Royal Brompton Hospital and other sites. It
2135-552: The hospital on 24 May 1995, as a result of cancer and Alzheimer's disease . In the late 1980s Dr Chris Aps introduced changes at St Thomas' Hospital which allowed cardiothoracic surgical patients to recover away from the intensive care unit in an overnight intensive recovery unit: this has become a template for similar units across the United Kingdom. In October 2005 children's departments moved to new facilities designed by Michael Hopkins at Evelina London Children's Hospital to
2196-474: The hospital was run by a mixed order of Augustinian canons regular and canonesses regular , dedicated to St Thomas Becket, and provided shelter and treatment for the poor, sick, and homeless. In the 15th century, Richard Whittington endowed a lying-in ward for unmarried mothers. The monastery was dissolved in 1539 during the Reformation and the hospital closed but reopened in 1551 and rededicated to Thomas
2257-423: The medical historian Joseph Frank Payne was able to find any precise information. Hodson received his medical degree at Padua in 1612 and became F.R.C.P. in 1618. At the end of the 17th century, the hospital and church were largely rebuilt by Sir Robert Clayton , president of the hospital and a former Lord Mayor of London . Thomas Cartwright was the architect for the work. A statue of Clayton now stands at
2318-405: The museum is located on this site. The new museum is designed around three pavilions that tell her story. The Gilded Cage tells the story of Nightingale's privileged childhood and her struggle against stifling social conventions. The Calling shows how Nightingale and her team coped with the crisis in the military hospitals where the legend of the lady with the lamp was born. Reform and Inspire shows
2379-417: The north entrance to Ward Block of North Wing at St Thomas' Hospital and is Grade I listed. In 1721 Sir Thomas Guy , a governor of St Thomas', founded Guy's Hospital as a place to treat 'incurables' discharged from St Thomas'. Some parts of the old St Thomas' Hospital survive on the north side of St Thomas Street, Southwark including the old St. Thomas' Church , now used mostly as offices but including
2440-503: The other side of Nightingale, the reformer who campaigned tirelessly for health reform at home and abroad. Highlights from the Collection include the writing slate Nightingale used as a child, her pet owl Athena (which she rescued in Athens and hand reared, and which became her constant companion, travelling everywhere in her pocket), and Nightingale's medicine chest, which she took with her to
2501-736: The other's tracks in a joint service known as the Inner Circle . On 1 February 1872, the DR opened a northbound branch from its station at Earl's Court to connect to the West London Extension Joint Railway (WLEJR, now the West London Line ) at Addison Road (now Kensington (Olympia)). From that date the Outer Circle service began running over the DR's tracks. The service was run by the North London Railway (NLR) from its terminus at Broad Street (now demolished) in
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2562-460: The publicly donated Fund raised after the Crimean War to honour Florence Nightingale . Alicia LLoyd Still (matron of the hospital and superintendent of the training school from 1913 to 1937) created the first post of sister tutor, setting a model internationally. Notable alumini of the training school included: Dorothy Bannon , (Chief Matron-in-Charge of the Hospital and School Nursing Service of
2623-421: The roadway of Broad Sanctuary and diagonally under Parliament Square. In Broad Sanctuary the tunnel is close to Westminster Abbey and St Margaret's church and care was required to avoid undermining their foundations when excavating in the poor ground found there. The original station building was a temporary structure positioned over the tracks and the platforms were sheltered with individual awnings rather than
2684-515: The route to run via Westminster to connect Waterloo and London Bridge stations with the new developments. For the Jubilee Line Extension , the buildings around the station were demolished and the sub-surface station was completely reconstructed together with the erection of a parliamentary office building, Portcullis House , which sits above the station. Both projects were designed by Michael Hopkins & Partners . The construction of
2745-454: The south side of the station box, the two Jubilee line platform tunnels are arranged with the westbound platform below the eastbound. The depth of the station box excavation and the proximity of the tunnels represented a significant risk to the stability of the foundation of the Houses of Parliament's clock tower (commonly known as Big Ben ), which stands only 34 metres (112 ft) from the edge of
2806-489: The south-east of St Thomas' Hospital. As the situation in Wuhan deteriorated, at the end of January 2020, four hospital trusts in the UK, including St Thomas' and The Royal Free were put on standby to receive suspected patients. After testing positive to COVID-19 on 27 March, Prime Minister Boris Johnson was admitted to St Thomas' on 5 April and as his condition deteriorated, he was moved to intensive care later that day. He
2867-403: The station box. To protect the foundation and manage settlement in the sub-soil, a series of 50-metre (160 ft) long steel tubes were installed horizontally around and beneath the clock tower's 3-metre (9.8 ft) thick foundation. The tubes were provided with a control system through which grout was injected into the ground to compensate for settlement detected from detailed measurements of
2928-539: The station separated from those changing between lines. As with the other underground stations on the extension, the Jubilee line platforms feature platform edge doors to improve airflow through the system and increase safety. The station design won a number of awards including Civic Trust awards in 2000 and 2002, the Royal Fine Art Commission Millennium Building of the Year award in 2000 and
2989-438: The station. The station was opened as Westminster Bridge on 24 December 1868 by the steam-operated District Railway (DR) (now the District line) when the railway opened the first section of its line from South Kensington . It was originally the eastern terminus of the DR and the station cutting ended at a concrete wall buffered by timber sleepers . The approach to the station from the west runs in cut and cover tunnel under
3050-456: The thirteen storey block (now North Wing) was completed by John Laing & Sons in 1975 there was a widespread public reaction against the scale and appearance of this building – most notably from MPs who could see it from the river terrace of the Palace of Westminster. The southern part of the redevelopment, which would have included a second tall block, was never constructed. The three remaining Victorian ward pavilion blocks were refurbished in
3111-432: The tower and the Houses of Parliament. The Jubilee line platforms were opened on 22 December 1999, although trains had been running through the station without stopping since 20 November 1999. The station's architecture is an austere combination of concrete and stainless steel, with stacked banks of escalators supported from the cross-bracing structures spanning the station box and routes for passengers entering or leaving
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#17328487260933172-452: Was a seventh pavilion at the north end of the site next to Westminster Bridge Road for the "Treasurer's House" (hospital offices). The hospital initially had 600 beds. This was one of the first new hospitals to adopt the "pavilion principle" – popularised by Florence Nightingale in her Notes on Nursing – by having six separate ward buildings at right angles to the river frontage set 125 feet apart and linked by low corridors. The intention
3233-407: Was abolished by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 , in the past the Coroner was responsible for inquests where the victim was "lying within the limits of the Queen's palaces", which would have included the Palace of Westminster. However, there is no proof that deaths at Westminster were ever reported as happening at St Thomas' Hospital to avoid involving the Coroner. When Sir Alfred Billson died in
3294-406: Was completely rebuilt to incorporate new deep-level platforms for the Jubilee line when it was extended to the London Docklands in the 1990s. During the works, the level of the sub-surface platforms was lowered to enable ground level access to Portcullis House. This was achieved in small increments which were carried out when the line was closed at night. When the first section of the Jubilee line
3355-902: Was elected by Londoners as one of the 10 favourite transport design icons. The station is in London fare zone 1 . On the District and Circle lines, the station is between St James's Park and Embankment, and, on the Jubilee line, it is between Green Park and Waterloo. Train frequencies vary throughout the day, but generally District line trains operate every 2–6 minutes from approximately 05:25 to 00:38 eastbound and 05:49 to 00:37 westbound; they are supplemented by Circle line trains every 8–12 minutes from approximately 05:49 to 00:24 clockwise and 05:36 to 00:19 anticlockwise. Jubilee line trains operate every 2–5 minutes from approximately 05:28 to 00:48 eastbound and 05:38 to 00:31 northbound. London Buses routes 3 , 11 , 12 , 24 , 87 , 88 , 148 , 159 , 453 and night routes N3 , N11 , N44 , N53 , N87 , N109 , N136 , N155 and N381 serve
3416-436: Was moved out of intensive care on 9 April and discharged 3 days later. The current main pedestrian entrance is in Westminster Bridge Road, although there is a separate vehicle and A&E entrance in Lambeth Palace Road; there is also a riverside pedestrian entrance, and the Lane Fox Unit (chronic respiratory problems) has its own riverside entrance, mainly for the use of patients on the Lane Fox Ward. The pedestrian entrance to
3477-406: Was named after St Thomas Becket – which suggests it may have been founded after 1173 when Becket was canonised. This date was when it was relocated from the precinct of St Mary Overie Priory to "Trenet Lane", then later to St Thomas Street . However, it is possible it was only renamed in 1173 and that there was an infirmary at the priory when it was founded at Southwark in 1106. Originally
3538-407: Was planned in the 1970s, the second phase of the project was intended to continue the line eastwards from the terminus at Charing Cross to the City of London , Woolwich and Thamesmead . Westminster station would not have been on this planned route, but the need to provide transport infrastructure for the redevelopment of the London Docklands in east and south-east London led to a redirection of
3599-414: Was primarily to improve ventilation and to separate and segregate patients with infectious diseases. An urban legend suggests that by convention, deaths in the Palace of Westminster are recorded as occurring in St Thomas' Hospital, because it is technically a royal palace, and as such people who die there would be entitled to a state funeral. This is not true, since state funerals for any person other than
3660-500: Was that as the medical school of the hospital it was called " St Thomas's Hospital Medical School " (although following this logic it should perhaps have been called "St Thomas's Hospital's Medical School"). St Thomas's Hospital Medical School was established in 1550. Following the establishment of Guy's Hospital as a separate institution, this continued as a single medical school, commonly known as The Borough Hospitals , with teaching across St Thomas' and Guy's Hospitals. Following
3721-507: Was that he had the operation done in the same hospital where he had performed the first operation in 1949. Ridley was subsequently made a Knight Bachelor "for pioneering services to cataracts surgery". With the closure of the Dreadnought Seamen's Hospital at the Greenwich Hospital in 1986, services for seamen and their families are provided by the Dreadnought Unit at St Thomas' Hospital. It allows eligible merchant seafarers access to priority medical treatment, except cardiac surgery, and
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