33-566: The Fleetwoods were an American vocal group from Olympia, Washington , whose members were Gary Troxel (born November 28, 1939), Gretchen Christopher (born February 29, 1940), and Barbara Ellis (born February 20, 1940). The band members met as high school students in Olympia, Washington. Originally the band consisted of only Gretchen Christopher and Barbara Ellis, but Gary Troxel was asked to accompany them with jazz trumpet, later switching to vocals. They then started performing in 1958 as "Two Girls and
66-612: A Guy" but later changed the name to the Fleetwoods after the Fleetwood telephone exchange . In 1959, they were noticed by producer and Dolton Records founder Bob Reisdorff, and together they recorded their self-written first hit, " Come Softly to Me ," which shot to #1 in Billboard and was also covered by others. The UK's Frankie Vaughan and the Kaye Sisters had a top 10 chart hit in
99-703: A cappella version, with Christopher singing all the parts. Since their 1988 induction into the Northwest Area Music Association Hall of Fame and their 2005 induction into the Olympia High School Alumni Association Hall of Fame, The Fleetwoods have been inducted into both the Vocal Group Hall of Fame and the Doo-Wop Hall of Fame of America in 2006. The November 2007 release of Gretchen's Sweet Sixteen (Suite 16)
132-519: A way that a state court may deem to be "arbitrary", and that the best interest of the child standard was sufficient. Justice Kennedy likewise argued that the best interest of the child standard may be applied, but the parent's decision should be given some weight, and stated that the judgment should be vacated and remanded to the Washington courts to determine whether the factual circumstances justified overturning Granville's decision. Kennedy also raised
165-430: Is a term signifying very considerable deference. The "special weight" requirement, as illuminated by these prior Supreme Court cases, means that the deference provided to the parent's wishes will be overcome only by some compelling governmental interest and by overwhelmingly clear factual circumstances supporting that governmental interest. This is essentially identical to the strict scrutiny standard, in keeping with
198-574: Is also among the unenumerated "othe[r] [rights] retained by the people" under the Ninth Amendment, parents have no enforceable rights because they are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution. Justice Stevens ' opinion stated that parents have some rights under the Constitution, but that states may infringe upon them to guarantee the child's interest in a relationship with third parties. Stevens stated that parental rights may not be exercised in
231-550: Is different from Wikidata Articles with limited geographic scope from September 2022 Articles needing additional references from February 2024 All articles needing additional references Articles with multiple maintenance issues Troxel v. Granville Troxel v. Granville , 530 U.S. 57 (2000), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States , citing a constitutional right of parents to direct
264-1080: The Delrons The Revelers The Roches The Ronettes Ruby & the Romantics The Seekers The Shirelles The Skylarks The Skyliners The Soul Stirrers The Spinners The Springfields The Statler Brothers The Stylistics The Supremes The Swan Silvertones The Temptations The Tokens Tavares The Valentinos The Vogues The Wanted The Weavers The Whispers Three Dog Night Voz Veis Westlife 78violet References [ edit ] ^ Denis, Kyle (November 27, 2023). "R&B/Hip-Hop Fresh Picks of
297-738: The Drells Backstreet Boys Bee Gees Black Ivory Bloodstone Blue Magic Boney M. Boyz II Men Brisbane Birralee Voices Brownstone Cliff Adams Singers Crosby Stills & Nash Danny & the Juniors Dion & the Belmonts Dixie Hummingbirds Earth, Wind & Fire En Vogue Exposé Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers Gladys Knight &
330-450: The Fleetwoods." Both Troxel and Christopher each continue to perform and occasionally release new recordings. A new Fleetwoods version of "Graduation's Here" appeared on Christopher's autobiographical solo album, Gretchen's Sweet Sixteen (Suite 16) , which is one of the 2007 Billboard critics' picks for 10 Best Albums of the Year. It included both the hit arrangement of "Come Softly To Me" and an
363-767: The Papas The Manhattans The Manhattan Transfer Los Marcellos Ferial The Marcels The Marvelettes The McGuire Sisters The Merry Macs The Midnighters The Mills Brothers The Miracles The Modernaires The Moonglows The Oak Ridge Boys The O'Jays The Original Drifters The Orioles The Peerless Quartet The Pied Pipers The Platters The Playmates The Pointer Sisters The Ravens Reparata and
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#1732855700086396-2034: The Pips Hank Ballard & The Midnighters Home Free Human Nature James Brown & The Famous Flames Jay & the Americans Jodeci Labelle Ladysmith Black Mambazo Little Anthony & the Imperials Little Mix New Birth New Kids on the Block New Edition Nu Dimension NSYNC One Direction Peter, Paul and Mary Rare Silk RichGirl Martha Reeves & The Vandellas SONO The Ames Brothers The Andrews Sisters The Association The Bangles The Beach Boys The Boswell Sisters The Chordettes The Chantels The Charioteers The Chi-Lites The Chiffons The Clovers The Coasters The Commodores The Contours The Crew-Cuts The Dells The Delfonics The Delta Rhythm Boys The Dramatics The Dream Weavers The Drifters The Eagles The Eagles (rhythm and blues group) The Emotions The Fifth Dimension The Five Blind Boys of Mississippi The Five Keys The Five Satins The Flamingos The Floaters The Foundations The Four Aces The Four Esquires The Four Freshmen The Four Knights The Four Lads The Four Seasons The Four Tops The Gaylords The Golden Gate Quartet The Harptones The Hilltoppers The Hi-Los The Impressions The Ink Spots The Isley Brothers The Jackson Five The Jordanaires The Kingston Trio The Lennon Sisters The Lettermen The Main Ingredient The Mamas &
429-648: The Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment instead. Because neither party asked the Court to do so, Thomas did not reexamine the holdings of Meyer and Pierce . Justice Scalia wrote that while the right of parents to direct the upbringing of their children is among the "unalienable Rights" with which the Declaration of Independence proclaims "all men ... are endowed by their Creator," and that right
462-771: The Top 10 again with a cover of Thomas Wayne 's " Tragedy " in 1961. Though they went on to have a total of eleven hits on the Hot 100, the beginning of the end for the group came when Troxel had to fulfill his obligation to go onto active duty in the United States Navy , as he had joined the Naval Reserve in 1956. Additionally, the British Invasion of the mid 1960s changed the public's taste. The trio's hits ended in 1963 with Barbara Ellis singing lead on " Goodnight My Love ". Vic Dana , who
495-558: The United Kingdom with the song, though the Fleetwoods exceeded them, simultaneously charting in the UK's top 5. Their second hit, "Graduation's Here," was co-written by Ellis and Christopher, with Troxel later adding a scat line in counterpoint. That one was followed by " Mr. Blue ," which, like "Come Softly To Me", also topped the US pop chart. The Fleetwoods continued recording into the 1960s. They hit
528-412: The Washington visitation statute because it unconstitutionally infringed on the right. State courts considering non-parent visitation petitions must apply "a presumption that fit parents act in the best interests of their children." Troxel requires that state courts must give "special weight" to a fit parent's decision to deny non-parent visitation, as well as other decisions made by a parent regarding
561-574: The Week: Luh Tyler, Adam Blackstone & Boyz II Men, Coco Jones & More" . Billboard . ^ Weingarten, Marc (July 17, 1999). "The King of Sing" . Los Angeles Times . See also [ edit ] Vocal Group Hall of Fame Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_vocal_groups&oldid=1210022802 " Categories : Lists of musicians Vocal ensembles Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
594-567: The care and custody of their children. The plurality held that "choices [parents make] about the upbringing of children... are among associational rights... sheltered by the Fourteenth Amendment against the State's unwarranted usurpation, disregard, or disrespect." This principle must inform the understanding of the "special weight" that Troxel requires courts to give to parents' decisions. Even though Troxel does not define "special weight," previous Supreme Court precedent indicates that "special weight"
627-437: The care, custody, and management of their children". The Washington State Supreme Court affirmed, and the U.S. Supreme court granted certiorari . The Court held that "the interest of parents in the care, custody and control of their children—is perhaps the oldest of the fundamental liberty interests recognized by this Court." That fundamental right is implicated in grandparent visitation cases, and as such, it struck down
660-588: The concern that state family court procedures may be disrupted by the Court's holding. The decision in Troxel v. Granville affected the interpretation of state laws granting grandparent visitation rights. The Troxel Court declined to decide whether the Due Process Clause requires nonparental visitation statutes to include a showing of harm in order to be valid, leaving the question open as to what governmental interests courts should consider in deciding if visitation
693-400: The conclusion that "the State of Washington lacks even a legitimate governmental interest–to say nothing of a compelling one–in second-guessing a fit parent’s decision regarding visitation with third parties." However, Thomas questioned whether Meyer v. Nebraska and Pierce v. Society of Sisters were correctly decided, but floated the possibility that parental rights may be protected under
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#1732855700086726-479: The father's parents that she wished to limit visitations to once a month. The paternal grandparents petitioned to obtain visitation rights with their granddaughters. In 1995, the Washington Superior Court ordered that the grandparents have visitation one weekend per month, one week during the summer, and four hours on both of the petitioning grandparents' birthdays. Granville appealed. Before addressing
759-422: The 💕 (Redirected from Vocal Group ) [REDACTED] This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these messages ) [REDACTED] The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject . You may improve this article , discuss
792-473: The fundamental status of parental rights. Justice Souter questioned the Washington Supreme Court's holding, and the plurality's strong implication, that actual harm must be demonstrated before a parental decision may be questioned by a state authority, and instead argued that the statute was unconstitutional on its face due to overbreadth . Justice Thomas applied strict scrutiny and reached
825-742: The issue on the talk page , or create a new article , as appropriate. ( September 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "List of vocal groups" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( February 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Main article: Vocal group List [ edit ] Archie Bell &
858-477: The merits of the case, the State Court of Appeals remanded for entry of written findings of fact and conclusions of law, citing the best interests of the children as reason for their decision. The Washington Court of Appeals reversed the lower court's decision, dismissed the grandparents' petition, and held that the limitations on non-parental visitation were consistent with "parents' fundamental liberty interest in
891-518: The name of a recording group, unless the performing group includes from the hit-making recording group at least one original member who is authorized to use the name. The authorization resides solely with Christopher, according to the performance contract and resignation signed by Troxel. To date, The Fleetwoods are the earliest vocal group to have a #1 single on the Billboard Hot 100 with all members still living. Vocal Group From Misplaced Pages,
924-669: The parents are not acting in the best interest of the child in refusing custody or visitation. In 2008 and 2009, Christopher testified before the Washington State Senate in support of the Truth in Music Advertising Bill, which, in 2009, passed both the Washington State House and Senate unanimously and was signed into law by Governor Chris Gregoire . The law provides that a performing group shall not be advertised by
957-511: The sole authority to contract for both the original and replacement Fleetwoods. Troxel formed a new Fleetwoods group in the 1980s. His group has been performing regularly since the mid 1980s doing several "oldies" concerts each year with two performances on the PBS Doo Wop, Pop and Soul Generations (My Music) series. While Christopher trained replacement Fleetwoods, she also resumed her solo music career, billing herself as "Gretchen Christopher of
990-575: The upbringing of their children, struck down a Washington law that allowed any third party to petition state courts for child visitation rights over parental objections. Tommie Granville and Brad Troxel had two daughters from a relationship that ended in 1991. After they broke up , the father lived with his parents and regularly brought his daughters to his parents' home for weekend visits. The father died in May 1993, and in October 1993, Tommie Granville informed
1023-580: Was launched in Las Vegas with the second Annual Cool Bobby B Doo Wop Convention and Grand Finale Concert, headlined by 'The Fleetwoods starring Gretchen Christopher.' A year later, though, all three originals were inducted and invited to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. Christopher was the only original member of the Fleetwoods who accepted, attended and performed, dedicating songs to each of her absent partners. Troxel had every intention of attending but decided it
The Fleetwoods - Misplaced Pages Continue
1056-480: Was more important to be with his wife, because of her breast cancer treatment. In 2000, Troxel and his wife Jenifer lost Troxel v. Granville , a landmark grandparents' rights case before the Supreme Court of the United States . The court held that under the United States Constitution , non-parents seeking custody or visitation rights of a child against the wishes of the child's parents must prove that
1089-580: Was to go on to a successful solo career, replaced Troxel in the group when he was in the service, solely for live performances. In the late 1970s, Troxel was working in a plywood plant in Washington, Ellis was managing a trailer park in California and Christopher was a housewife and modern jazz dance teacher in Washington at St. Martin's College and at Evergreen State College . Ellis is now retired from performing. In 1983, Troxel gave his written resignation from The Fleetwoods, leaving Christopher as manager with
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