100-641: The Grafing–Wasserburg railway is a 29.1 km long, wholly single-track branch line in Upper Bavaria . It was partly built between 1899 and 1905. It is also called the Filzenexpress , which refers to the former raised bog (known in Bavarian as Filz )) it crosses in the Ebrach valley. A six-kilometer section at the western end from Grafing station to the town of Ebersberg is electrified as part of line S 4 of
200-408: A bay platform; all three have platforms. There are crossovers to the west of the station giving access to the main line tracks to Munich. After about two kilometres the line reaches the centre of the town of Grafing at Grafing Stadt station. It then runs through some tight curves to the north through the hamlet of Wiesham, which once had a station, uphill to Ebersberg. Ebersberg station is located on
300-562: A branch line from Wasserburg via Ebersberg towards the west, but these efforts were not successful at first. In 1890, the government of the Kingdom of Bavaria under Prince Luitpold granted a planning concession for a line between Wasserburg station and the Rosenheim–Mühldorf line to the town of Wasserburg, which is located in a loop of the Inn. A year later, the route of a local railway between
400-679: A guarantee of her continued sovereign and independent status. On 14 October, Bavaria made a formal declaration of war against Napoleonic France. The treaty was passionately backed by Crown Prince Ludwig and by Marshal Karl Philipp von Wrede . With the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813 ended the German Campaign with the Coalition nations as the victors, in a complete failure for the French, although they achieved
500-557: A hill orientated in a west–east direction and it has two platforms, one of which is only accessible from the Grafing direction and is served only by the S-Bahn. The overhead line ends east of the station. The line has been laid over the next two kilometres in a large loop to the south to provide a reasonable slope to cope with the difference in height between Ebersberg station and the Ebrach river. Once
600-518: A minor victory when a Bavarian army attempted to block the retreat of the French Grande Armée at Hanau . With the defeat of Napoleon's France in 1814, Bavaria lost the territories it had gained from Austria, but was compensated for some of its losses, receiving new territories such as the Grand Duchy of Würzburg , the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt and parts of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Finally,
700-524: A privileged status for the Kingdom of Bavaria within the German Empire ( Reservatrechte ). The Kingdom of Bavaria was even able to retain its own diplomatic body and its own army, which would fall under Prussian command only in times of war. After Bavaria's entry into the empire, Ludwig II became increasingly detached from Bavaria's political affairs and spent vast amounts of money on personal projects, such as
800-583: A relation of Hauptstaat (main state, i.e. Bavaria) and Nebenstaat (alongside state, i.e. the Palatinate). In 1825, Ludwig I ascended the throne of Bavaria. Under Ludwig, the arts flourished in Bavaria, and Ludwig personally ordered and financially assisted the creation of many neoclassical buildings and architecture across Bavaria. Ludwig also increased Bavaria's pace towards industrialization under his reign. In foreign affairs under Ludwig's rule, Bavaria supported
900-753: A republic after the German Revolution , and the kingdom was thus succeeded by the current Free State of Bavaria . On 30 December 1777, the Bavarian line of the Wittelsbachs became extinct, and the Electorate of Bavaria passed to Charles Theodore , the Elector Palatine . After a separation of four and a half centuries, the Electoral Palatinate , to which the duchies of Jülich and Berg had been added,
1000-500: A route via Wiesham and the centre of Grafing instead. Ebersberg submitted two petitions in 1891 calling for the acceleration of its construction, which highlighted the expected economic impact of the line for the transport of timber from the Ebersberg Forest and demanded the construction by the state as compensation for damage to the forest by a plague of Black Arches caterpillars. The middle section between Ebersberg and Wasserburg
1100-526: Is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria , Germany . Upper Bavaria is located in the southern portion of Bavaria , and is centered on the city of Munich , both state capital and seat of the district government. Because of this, it is by far the most populous administrative division in Bavaria. It is subdivided into four planning regions ( Planungsverband ): Ingolstadt, Munich, Bayerisches Oberland (Bavarian Highland), and Südostoberbayern (South East Upper Bavaria). The name 'Upper Bavaria' refers to
SECTION 10
#17328552482651200-591: The Confederation of the Rhine . The Duchy of Berg was ceded to Napoleon only in 1806. The new kingdom faced challenges from the outset of its creation, relying on the support of Napoleonic France . The kingdom was forced to give Napoleon conscripts for the Peninsular War , faced war with Austria in 1809 and from 1810 to 1814 lost territory to Württemberg and Italy . In 1808, all relics of serfdom were abolished. In
1300-582: The House of Wittelsbach as King of Bavaria in 1806. The crown continued to be held by the Wittelsbachs until the kingdom came to an end in 1918. Most of the border of modern Germany's Free State of Bavaria were established after 1814 with the Treaty of Paris , in which the Kingdom of Bavaria ceded Tyrol and Vorarlberg to the Austrian Empire while receiving Aschaffenburg and Würzburg . In 1918, Bavaria became
1400-589: The Meggle AG (which makes dairy products) down to the Inn and passes through a short tunnel to reach Wasserburg Stadt station. The tunnel, the town station and the tracks were covered during the closing of this section of the line with gravel and the sidings were demolished. The districts of Ebersberg and Wasserburg were first connected with railways with the opening of the Munich–Grafing–Rosenheim line in 1871 and
1500-665: The Munich Residenz with his family due to the outbreak of the German Revolution . He was the first of the monarchs in the German Empire to be deposed; only days later, the Kaiser abdicated the German throne. Ludwig took up residence in Austria for what was intended to be a temporary stay. On 12 November, he issued the Anif declaration , declaring that under the circumstances, he was "in no position to lead
1600-591: The Munich S-Bahn . It is also, along with the rest of the line to Wasserburg (Inn) Bahnhof (the name of the village where the station— Bahnhof in German —is located, which is outside the town of Wasserburg ), served by regional services of the SüdostBayernBahn . The 4.4 km long link from Wasserburg (Inn) Bahnhof to Wasserburg (Inn) Stadt (town) has been out of service since 2 March 1987. The rail infrastructure of
1700-632: The North German Confederation , with the Prussian king leading the state. Bavaria's previous inhibitions towards Prussia changed, along with those of many of the south German states, after French Emperor Napoleon III began speaking of France 's need for "compensation" from its loss in 1814 and included the Bavarian-held Palatinate as part of its territorial claims. Ludwig II joined an alliance with Prussia in 1870 against France, which
1800-606: The Prinzregentenjahre ("The Prince Regent Years"). In 1912, Luitpold died, and his son, Prince Regent Ludwig, took over as regent. By then, it had long been apparent that Otto would never be able to reign, and sentiment grew for Ludwig to become king in his own right. On 6 November, a day after the Landtag passed a law allowing him to do so, Ludwig ended the regency, deposed Otto and declared himself King of Bavaria as Ludwig III . The Prinzregentenzeit ("prince's regent's time"), as
1900-662: The Rhenish Palatinate and Franconia were annexed to Bavaria in 1815. After the founding of the kingdom the state was totally reorganised and, in 1808, divided into 15 administrative government districts ( Regierungsbezirke , singular Regierungsbezirk ) in Bavaria called Kreise (singular Kreis ). They were created in the fashion of the French departements, quite even in size and population, and named after their main rivers: Altmühl-, Eisack-, Etsch-, Iller-, Inn-, Isar-, Lech-, Main-, Naab-, Oberdonau-, Pegnitz-, Regen-, Rezat-, Salzach- and Unterdonaukreis. Because of
2000-463: The Rhenish Palatinate was given to Bavaria by the Treaty of Munich . It was the second largest and second most powerful state south of the Main , behind only Austria. In Germany as a whole, it ranked third behind Prussia and Austria. Between 1799 and 1817, the leading minister Count Montgelas followed a strict policy of modernisation and laid the foundations of administrative structures that survived even
2100-525: The Rosenheim–Wasserburg Bahnhof–Mühldorf line in 1876. However, neither the market town of Ebersberg nor the town of Wasserburg had direct rail connections. Due to the hilly topography Wasserburg station was built about four kilometres west of the town in the village of Reitmehring. Furthermore, the district and town of Wasserburg had no direct rail link with Munich . By the early 1880s, therefore, several initiatives had emerged to build
SECTION 20
#17328552482652200-509: The Schnaitsee railway committee and supported by the town of Wasserburg to have the line extended east of Wasserburg via Schnaitsee to Trostberg was not implemented. The Bavarian Ministry of Transport rejected the proposal in August 1913 after a feasibility study. The first timetable, valid from October 1905, had three pairs of passenger services over the entire journey. This offer was increased up
2300-686: The Social Democrats were elected to the parliament. From 1903, university education was also possible for female students . Electoral reforms changed the elections of the parliament from indirect to direct elections in 1906. With the Centre politician Georg von Hertling the Prince Regent appointed a government headed by a representative of the Landtag's majority for the first time in 1912. Luitpold's years as regent were marked by tremendous artistic and cultural activity in Bavaria where they are known as
2400-1070: The Wieskirche . Among popular excursions in Upper Bavaria are the Koenigssee with the Sanctuary of St Bartholomew's and mount Watzmann , the royal castles of Ludwig II , Linderhof and Herrenchiemsee in Chiemsee , the Burghausen Castle and the castle Hohenaschau . The most important places of pilgrimage are Altoetting and Tuntenhausen . [REDACTED] Media related to Upper Bavaria at Wikimedia Commons 48°08′N 11°34′E / 48.133°N 11.567°E / 48.133; 11.567 Kingdom of Bavaria The Kingdom of Bavaria ( German : Königreich Bayern [ˈkøːnɪkʁaɪç ˈbaɪɐn] ; Bavarian : Kinereich Bayern [ˈkɪnəraɪ̯x ˈb̥ajɛɐ̯n] ; spelled Baiern until 1825)
2500-603: The Zollverein in 1834. In 1835, the first German railway was constructed in Bavaria, between the cities of Fürth and Nuremberg . In 1837, the Roman Catholic-supported clerical movement, the Ultramontanes , came to power in the Bavarian parliament and began a campaign of reform to the constitution, which removed civil rights that had earlier been granted to Protestants, as well as enforcing censorship and forbidding
2600-630: The 1960s, it was decided to section from Grafing station to central Ebersberg, which had substantial traffic, would be included in the future network of the Munich S-Bahn. In 1969, electrification was carried out on this section. S-Bahn operations began on 28 May 1972; simultaneously the Grafing–Ebersberg section was included in the fare zone of the Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund (Munich Transport and Tariff Association, MVV). Ebersberg became
2700-516: The Alps. Nestled in forested mountain ranges, the lakes Tegernsee , Schliersee , and Spitzingsee , are idyllically situated. The larger lakes, like Starnberger See , Ammersee (south-west of Munich), and Chiemsee further to the east, all situated in the pre-alpine uplands, offer regular Passenger services on steamers. Sacred art treasures can be found in the monasteries Andechs , Schäftlarn , Fürstenfeld , Benediktbeuern , Polling and Ettal and in
2800-571: The Austrian defeat at Hohenlinden , and Moreau once more occupied Munich. By the Treaty of Lunéville (9 February 1801), Bavaria lost the Palatinate and the duchies of Zweibrücken and Jülich . In view of the scarcely disguised ambitions and intrigues of the Austrian court, Montgelas now believed that the interests of Bavaria lay in a frank alliance with the French Republic; he succeeded in overcoming
2900-495: The DB subsidiary SüdostBayernBahn . The infrastructure of the route was renewed in the autumn 2004 over a length of 13 km for around €4.5 million. Instead of the existing steel and wooden sleepers Y shaped sleepers were installed. Numerous unprotected crossings however still limit maximum speeds on longer sections. In 2006, a crossing was closed in the municipality of Edling for the first time and two were equipped with lights. It
3000-537: The First World War by two more pairs of services. From the start, were also additional services between Wasserburg station and Wasserburg town to establish provide connections to and from the trains on the Rosenheim–Mühldorf railway. On 24 April 1920 the line, along with the K.Bay. Sts.B, was assumed by the Bavarian Group Administration of Deutsche Reichsbahn , which was finally fully integrated into
3100-588: The German Confederation had not agreed on a common strategy in the war. Their separate armies were therefore defeated in succession by Prussia. The Bavarian Army was defeated in Lower Franconia at the Battle of Kissingen (10 July 1866). Prince Karl Theodor of Bavaria took command, but the Bavarians were decisively beaten at Roßbrunn (26 July 1866). Austria was defeated, and the German Confederation
Grafing–Wasserburg railway - Misplaced Pages Continue
3200-570: The German invasion of neutral Belgium the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. Initially, in Bavaria and all across Germany, many recruits flocked enthusiastically to the Army. At the outbreak of the war, King Ludwig III sent an official dispatch to Berlin, to express Bavaria's solidarity. Later Ludwig even claimed annexations for Bavaria (Alsace and the city of Antwerp in Belgium , to receive access to
3300-595: The Grafing–Ebersberg section is owned and maintained by DB Netz . The following section to Wasserburg is owned by SüdostBayernBahn. The town of Wasserburg owns the infrastructure from Wasserburg station to Wasserburg town. The route of the Filzenexpress branches to the east at the southern end of Grafing station from the Munich–Rosenheim railway . Trains to and from Ebersberg (–Wasserburg) at Grafing station can use tracks 1 and 2, which are both reversible, and track 11,
3400-560: The Greeks during the Greek War of Independence with his second son, Otto being elected King of Greece in 1832. As for politics, initial reforms advocated by Ludwig were both liberal and reform-oriented. However, after the Revolutions of 1830 , Ludwig turned to conservative reaction. The Hambacher Fest in 1832 showed the discontent of the population with high taxes and censorship. Bavaria joined
3500-475: The Landtag as a House of Representatives and meant therefore indirectly the first step toward full parliamentary government. Today the connection of these two developments is regarded as a main cause for the unspectacular end of the Bavarian kingdom without opposition in the course of the November revolution of 1918. However the course of his 26-year regency Luitpold knew to overcome, by modesty, ability and popularity,
3600-513: The Munich–Rosenheim line and Ebersberg was approved. Kirchseeon was initially proposed for the location of the junction from the existing line until, in the context of the simultaneous planning for the Grafing–Glonn railway , it was decided to build the junction at Grafing station. In the initial planning, the line would have run from there via Hörmannsdorf to Ebersberg, but it decided to use
3700-714: The Reichsbahn on 1 October 1933. On 7 September 1949, the Grafing–Wasserburg railway became part of the network of the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB). The traction for the trains was first supplied by steam locomotives of class D VI and VII D , but under the direction of the Deutsche Reichsbahn they were gradually replaced by machines of class 70.0 , 86 and 98.8 . In its early years, DB used locomotives of class 64 and 98.3 ( Glaskasten , "glass box") at times on
3800-465: The Rentamt Munich and Rentamt Burghausen. After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria the state was totally reorganised and, in 1808, divided into 15 administrative districts (Regierungsbezirke (singular Regierungsbezirk)), in Bavaria called (Kreise (singular Kreis)). They were created in the fashion of the French departements, quite even in size and population, and named after their main rivers. In
3900-553: The administration of the Prussian War Ministry. Bavaria however maintained a degree of autonomy in peacetime, with its own two (later three) army corps remaining outside the Prussian order of battle. The Bavarian infantry and cavalry regiments retained their historic light blue and green uniforms, distinctive from the Prussian model adopted throughout most of the army. The individual Bavarian soldier swore an oath of loyalty to King Ludwig, though in wartime this pledge of obedience
4000-692: The aftermath of the failure of the Frankfurt Parliament, Prussia and Austria continued to debate over which monarchy had the inherent right to rule Germany. A dispute between Austria and the Elector of Hesse-Kassel was used by Austria and its allies (including Bavaria) to promote the isolation of Prussia in German political affairs. This diplomatic insult almost led to war when Austria, Bavaria, and other allies moved troops through Bavaria towards Hesse-Kassel in 1850. However, Prussia backed down to Austria, and accepted its political leadership of Germany. This event
4100-603: The combined German forces, it was Ludwig II who proposed that Prussian King Wilhelm I be proclaimed German Emperor ( Kaiser ) of the new German Empire ( Deutsches Reich ), which occurred in 1871 at the German-occupied Palace of Versailles , France. The territories of the German Empire were declared, which included the states of the North German Confederation and all of the south German states, with
Grafing–Wasserburg railway - Misplaced Pages Continue
4200-408: The constitution with articles supporting the equality of all religions, despite opposition by supporters of the Roman Catholic Church. The initial constitution almost proved disastrous for the monarchy, with controversies such as the army having to swear allegiance to the new constitution. The monarchy appealed to Prussia and the Austria for advice; the two refused to take action on Bavaria's behalf, but
4300-450: The constitution, including changes to the lower house of the Landtag with equal suffrage for every male who paid a direct tax. Maximilian II responded to the demands of the people for a united German state by attending the Frankfurt Parliament , which intended to create such a state. However, when Maximilian II rejected the Frankfurt Constitution in 1849, there was an uprising in the Bavarian Palatinate under Joseph Martin Reichard , which
4400-420: The construction of a number of fairytale castles and palaces, the most famous being the Wagnerian -style Neuschwanstein Castle . Ludwig used his personal wealth to finance these projects, and not state funds, and the construction projects landed him deeply in debt. These debts caused much concern among Bavaria's political elite, who sought to persuade Ludwig to cease his building; he refused, and relations between
4500-467: The district of Burgau, about 1 km from Wasserburg town, the track over a clogged culvert was undermined for a distance of several metres, so operations had to be suspended on this section. The damaged section was not fixed, but instead DB transported “trapped" rail vehicles from Wasserburg town by road. Two weeks later the DB started a closure process for the line. It sought to abandon the passenger service between Ebersberg and Wasserburg town as well as
4600-425: The disturbances lessened and the state stabilized with the accession of Ludwig I to the throne following the death of Maximilian in 1825. Within the Kingdom of Bavaria, the Palatinate enjoyed a special legal and administrative position, as the Bavarian government maintained substantial achievements of the French period. The German historian Heiner Haan described the special status of the Palatinate within Bavaria as
4700-401: The eastern bank of the Rhine with the former capital Mannheim and Heidelberg was given to the Grand Duchy of Baden . The western bank was granted to Bavaria as compensation for the loss of Tyrol and Salzburg. After the Austro-Prussian War (1866) in which Bavaria had sided with defeated Austria, it had to cede several Lower Franconian districts to Prussia. The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
4800-412: The eastern terminus of line S 4 , which originally ran at 40 minute intervals. The trains to and from Wasserburg now operated mainly from Ebersberg instead of from Grafing station. Until the early 1980s, about eight return passenger services had run each day between Ebersberg and Wasserburg for many years, supplemented by additional pairs of trains between Wasserburg station and Wasserburg town. With
4900-405: The flying of any other flag other than the Bavarian flag on public buildings for the emperor's birthday, but this was swiftly modified afterwards, allowing the German imperial flag to be hung beside the Bavarian flag. The Catholic, conservative Patriotic Party founded in 1868 became the leading party in the Bavarian Landtag (Parliament). In 1887, its name was changed to Bavarian Centre . In 1893,
5000-441: The following years, due to territorial changes (e. g. loss of Tyrol, addition of the Palatinate ), the number of districts was reduced to 8. One of these was the Isarkreis (Isar District). In 1837 king Ludwig I of Bavaria renamed the Kreise after historical names, and tribes. This also involved border changes or territorial swaps. Thus, the Isarkreis changed to Upper Bavaria. Instead of a Rentamt-style mere administrational unit,
5100-437: The free discussion of internal politics. This regime was short-lived due to the demand by the Ultramontanes of the naturalization of Ludwig I's Irish mistress, Lola Montez , a notorious courtesan and dancer, which was resented by Ludwig, and the Ultramontanes were pushed out. During the Revolutions of 1848 , Ludwig abdicated on 20 March 1848 in favour of his eldest son, Maximilian II . The revolutions also brought amendments to
SECTION 50
#17328552482655200-453: The government's ministers and the crown deteriorated. At last, in 1886, the crisis came to a head. A medical commission appointed by the cabinet declared Ludwig insane and thus incapable of reigning. His uncle, Prince Luitpold , was appointed as regent . A day after Ludwig's deposition, the king died mysteriously after asking the commission's chief psychiatrist to go on a walk with him along Lake Starnberg (then called Lake Würm). Ludwig and
5300-441: The government." Accordingly, he released his soldiers and officials from their oath to him. Although he never formally abdicated, the socialist-led government of Kurt Eisner took Ludwig's declaration as such and declared the House of Wittelsbach deposed. With this, the 700-year rule of the Wittelsbach dynasty came to an end, and the former Kingdom of Bavaria became the People's State of Bavaria . The funeral of Ludwig III in 1921
5400-466: The hands of Prince Luitpold, who continued to serve as regent for Otto. During the regency of Prince-Regent Luitpold, from 1886 to 1912, relations between Bavaria and Prussia remained cold, with Bavarians remembering the anti-Catholic agenda of Bismarck's Kulturkampf , as well as Prussia's strategic dominance over the empire. Bavaria protested Prussian dominance over Germany and snubbed the Prussian-born German Emperor, Wilhelm II , in 1900, by forbidding
5500-480: The immediate likelihood of war, tried to keep Bavaria neutral. Ludwig II refused Bismarck's offers and continued Bavaria's alliance with Austria. In 1866, the Austro-Prussian War began. Bavaria and most of the south German states allied with Austria, but contributed far less to the war against Prussia. Prussia quickly defeated the Kingdom of Hanover , then won the Battle of Königgrätz (3 July 1866) against Austria, which sued for peace shortly afterward. The states of
5600-410: The infrastructure of the Ebersberg–Forsting and the Wasserburg station–Wasserburg town sections. The application for decommissioning was approved by the DB Management Board on 19 December 1988. In response to the gradual reduction in services, the regional passenger initiative Rettet den Filzenexpress ("Save the Filzenexpress") was founded in 1987. Together with the Pro Bahn association, it advocated
5700-406: The initial uneasiness of his subjects. These prince regent's years were transfigured, finally—above all in the retrospect – to a golden age of Bavaria, even if one mourned the "fairy tale king" Ludwig II, which happens in a folkloric-nostalgic manner till this day. With the establishment of the German Empire, a series of conventions brought the bulk of the various state military forces directly under
5800-461: The interest of third parties in taking over the line and its operations. TAG Tegernsee Immobilien und Beteiligung had offered several times since 1989, under certain conditions—including investment in the track and rolling stock amounting to about 40 million marks —to take over responsibility for the line. The elderly class 798 railbuses were replaced by new class 628 diesel multiple units, first in 1994 on weekday services and on weekends from
5900-459: The king changed his royal titles to Ludwig, King of Bavaria, Duke of Franconia, Duke in Swabia and Count Palatine of the Rhine and these were retained by his successors. The Palatinate which Bavaria had acquired was mainly the western part of the former Electoral Palatinate . Ludwig's plan to acquire also the former eastern part could not be realized. The electorate, a former dominion of the Bavarian Wittelsbach dynasty, had been split up in 1815,
6000-423: The line has reached the bottom of the valley it runs to the east through Oberndorf bei Ebersberg and the hamlet of Neuhausen bei Ebersberg, both of which once had stations, before it reaches Steinhöring station. The line continues largely parallel to federal highway B 304 through Tulling, which has loading tracks for freight, to Forsting station, which has a freight siding. Still running in an easterly direction,
6100-400: The line runs through Brandstätt, Brandstätt station and Edling, before it reaches the Wasserburg district of Reitmehring. It then curves to the north to the station of Wasserburg Bahnhof and the Rosenheim–Mühldorf railway . The station area still has three of the five tracks it once had. The abandoned line to Wasserburg town runs to the south from the station and then east through the grounds of
SECTION 60
#17328552482656200-506: The line. Railbuses were used on the line from 1954 and in 1962 they replaced steam locomotives for passenger traffic completely. In the following 32 years, the railbuses were used as needed in combinations of up to five vehicles, although some passenger trains were formed for a couple of years from passenger carriages and class V 100 (later class 211/212) diesel locomotives. After the replacement of steam locomotives, freight trains were also hauled by class V 60 shunting locomotives. In
6300-424: The loose German Confederation were opposed by Bavaria and Austria, with Bavaria taking part in its own discussions with Austria and other allies in 1863, in Frankfurt, without Prussia attending. In 1864, Maximilian II died early, and his eighteen-year-old son, Ludwig II , became King of Bavaria as tensions between Austria and Prussia escalated steadily. Prussian Minister-President Otto von Bismarck , recognizing
6400-510: The major exception of Austria. The empire also annexed the formerly French territory of Alsace-Lorraine , due in large part to Ludwig's desire to move the French frontier away from the Palatinate. Bavaria's entry into the German Empire changed from jubilation over France's defeat to dismay shortly afterward because of the direction Germany took under the new German Chancellor and Prussian Prime Minister, Otto von Bismarck . The Bavarian delegation under Count Otto von Bray-Steinburg had secured
6500-437: The members of which signed a convention with Moreau, by which he granted an armistice in return for a heavy contribution (7 September 1796). Between the French and the Austrians , Bavaria was now in a bad situation. Before the death of Charles Theodore (16 February 1799), the Austrians had again occupied the country, in preparation for renewing the war with France. Maximilian IV Joseph (of Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken ),
6600-408: The monarchy and are (in their core) valid until today. On 1 February 1817, Montgelas was dismissed and Bavaria entered a new era of constitutional reform. On 26 May 1818, Bavaria's second constitution was proclaimed. The constitution established a bicameral Parliament ( Landtag ). The upper house ( Kammer der Reichsräte , meaning "House of Councillors") comprised the aristocracy and noblemen, including
6700-544: The monarchy by force, preferring to do so by legal means. Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber , Archbishop of Munich , in his funeral speech, made a clear commitment to the monarchy while Rupprecht only declared that he had stepped into his birthright. When Napoleon established the Confederation of the Rhine , and Bavaria became a kingdom in 1806, its land area doubled. Tyrol (1806–1814) and Salzburg (1810–1816) were temporarily united with Bavaria but then returned (Tyrol) or ceded (Salzburg) to Habsburg/Austrian rule. In return
6800-413: The new Prime Minister of Bavaria. Accused of showing blind loyalty to Prussia, Ludwig III became increasingly unpopular during the war. In 1918, the kingdom attempted to negotiate a separate peace with the allies but failed. By 1918, civil unrest was spreading across Bavaria and Germany, Bavarian defiance to Prussian hegemony and Bavarian separatism being key motivators. On 7 November 1918, Ludwig fled from
6900-400: The new elector, succeeded to a difficult inheritance. Though his own sympathies, and those of his all-powerful minister, Maximilian von Montgelas , were, if anything, French rather than Austrian, the state of the Bavarian finances, and the fact that the Bavarian Army was scattered and disorganized, left him helpless in the hands of Austria; on 2 December 1800, the Bavarian Army was involved in
7000-595: The newly created districts became predecessors of modern regional self-government, building a political and administrational link in-between the Bavarian state as a whole and the local authorities. Featured former residence cities are the capital Munich, Ingolstadt and Neuburg an der Donau and the diocesan towns of Freising and Eichstätt . Interesting townscapes are found at Landsberg am Lech , Wasserburg am Inn and Burghausen and further south Bad Reichenhall and Berchtesgaden . The highest mountain in Upper Bavaria, Zugspitze , offers an incomparable panoramic view of
7100-658: The numerous territorial changes in 1810 and 1815, the divisions needed to be adjusted and the number of Kreise was reduced to 8: Isar-, Unterdonau-, Oberdonau-, Regen-, Rezat-, Untermain-, Obermain- and Rheinkreis. As of 1838, at the instigation of King Ludwig I, the Kreise were renamed after the former historical tribes and territories of the respective area in: Upper Bavaria , Lower Bavaria , Swabia and Neuburg , Upper Palatinate and Regensburg , Middle Franconia , Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg , Upper Franconia and Palatinate . The town names of Neuburg, Regensburg and Aschaffenburg were later dropped. Accordingly,
7200-478: The possibility of its subsequent reactivation. On 30 August 2012, the town of Wasserburg published in the Federal Gazette an offer to sell this section. If no buyer can be found until 30 November 2012, the municipality plans to close the line and lease it as appropriate. Upper Bavaria Upper Bavaria ( German : Oberbayern , pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌbaɪ̯ɐn] ; Bavarian : Oberbayern )
7300-627: The preservation of the railway line and organised regular trips from the Munich region to Wasserburg using scheduled trains on the Ebersberg–Wasserburg line. The local authority declined to close the line, so the council of the district of Rosenheim , in which the Forsting–Wasserburg section is located, agreed on 28 June 1989 that closure would undermine the role of regional rail. Nevertheless, scheduled services between Ebersberg and Wasserburg
7400-504: The proposed route extension to Wasserburg on a range of hills away from the town centre. The estimated construction cost for the first section totalled 393,300 marks . In October 1898 construction began, with an average of 80 to 100 workers employed at the same time. The construction contractor was Johann and Franz Xaver Hallinger of Rosenheim. The opening of the Grafing–Ebersberg section took place on 6 November 1899 and scheduled services began operating on 12 November. On 27 January 1900, there
7500-579: The psychiatrist were found dead, floating in the lake. The official autopsy listed cause of death as suicide by drowning, but some sources claim that no water was found in Ludwig's lungs. While these claims could be explained by dry drowning , they have also led to conspiracy theories of political assassination. The crown passed to Ludwig's brother Otto . However, Otto had a long history of mental illness and had been placed under medical supervision three years earlier. The duties of head of state actually rested in
7600-456: The regency of Luitpold is often called, was an era of the gradual transfer of Bavarian interests behind those of the German Empire. In connection with the unhappy end of the preceding rule of King Ludwig II this break in the Bavarian monarchy looked even stronger. Finally, the constitutional amendment of 1913 brought the determining break in the continuity of the king's rule in the opinion of historians, particularly as this change had been granted by
7700-641: The region was 273.7 billion € in 2018, accounting for 8.2% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 53,900 € or 179% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 134% of the EU average. This makes Upper Bavaria one of the richest regions in Europe. The duchy of Upper Bavaria was created for the first time with the First Bavarian partition in 1255 under duke Louis II , but there
7800-450: The relative position on the Danube and its tributaries: downstream, Upper Bavaria is followed by Lower Bavaria , then Upper Austria , and subsequently Lower Austria . It consists of 20 districts and 500 municipalities (including three cities). Landkreise (districts): Kreisfreie Städte (district-free cities): Historical Population of Upper Bavaria: The Gross domestic product (GDP) of
7900-480: The reluctance of Maximilian Joseph; and, on 24 August, a separate treaty of peace and alliance with France was signed at Paris. The 1805 Peace of Pressburg allowed Maximilian to raise Bavaria to the status of a kingdom. Accordingly, Maximilian proclaimed himself king on 1 January 1806 as Maximilian I. The king still served as an elector until Bavaria seceded from the Holy Roman Empire on 1 August 1806, joining
8000-566: The royal princes, holders of the crown offices , archbishops, members of the Mediatized Houses in Bavaria and hereditary and lifelong nominees of the crown. The lower house ( Kammer der Abgeordneten , meaning "House of Representatives"), would include representatives of landowners, the three universities, clergy (Catholic and Protestant), the towns and the peasants. Without the consent of both houses, no law could be passed and no tax could be levied. The rights of Protestants were safeguarded in
8100-591: The same year, Maximilian promulgated Bavaria's first written constitution. Over the next five years, it was amended numerous times in accordance with Paris' wishes. During the French invasion of Russia in 1812 about 30,000 Bavarian soldiers were killed in action. With the Treaty of Ried of 8 October 1813 Bavaria left the Confederation of the Rhine and agreed to join the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon in exchange for
8200-477: The sea). His hidden agenda was to maintain the balance of power between Prussia and Bavaria within the German Empire after a victory. Over time, with a stalemated and bloody war on the western front, Bavarians, like many Germans, grew weary of the conflict. In 1917, the Bavarian Prime Minister Georg von Hertling became German Chancellor and Prime Minister of Prussia; Otto Ritter von Dandl became
8300-405: The start of the summer 1983 timetable, a bus route was established parallel to the railway, which offered more services and, unlike the railway between Ebersberg and Tulling, could also be used with the lower MVV fares. Services in the railway timetable, however, were gradually reduced. On 2 March 1987, the embankment between Wasserburg town and Wasserburg station subsided after heavy rain. South of
8400-773: The timetable change in June 1995. A year later, on 2 June 1996, services between Ebersberg and Wasserburg were improved under the Bavarian clock-face timetable ("Bayern-Takt"). The Bayerische Eisenbahngesellschaft (Bavarian Railway Company), as the authority for funding regional rail passenger services in Bavaria as of 1 January 1994, ordered changes to the timetable operated by Deutsche Bundesbahn ’s subsidiary DB Regio AG, which envisaged nine pairs of trains on weekdays. Since these usually ran via Ebersberg to Grafing station, they could connect not only with S-Bahn services, but also with fast regional services, significantly shortening travel time from Wasserburg to Munich. A further upgrade of services
8500-425: Was a German state that succeeded the former Electorate of Bavaria in 1806 and continued to exist until 1918. With the unification of Germany into the German Empire in 1871, the kingdom became a federated state of the new empire and was second in size, power, and wealth only to the leading state, the Kingdom of Prussia . The polity 's foundation dates back to the ascension of Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of
8600-523: Was a derailment between Wiesham and Ebersberg, after the embankment of the new line had subsided. The construction of the section between Wasserburg Station at Reitmehring and the town was approved on 6 March 1900. The land acquisition proved lengthy and more expensive than originally planned, so that the link was not completed until the end of 1902. On 20 December 1902 there were technical trials and opening ceremonies and scheduled services commenced on 24 December 1902. The Wasserburg station–Ebersberg section
8700-532: Was approved for inclusion in the plans on 13 January 1892. The Bavarian state parliament approved the construction of the section from Grafing station to Ebersberg by the Royal Bavarian State Railways ( Königlich Bayerische Staats-Eisenbahnen , K.Bay. Sts.B) on 13 March 1896 and the associated law came into force on 17 June 1896. It considered a request from Ebersberg to build the Ebersberg station on
8800-572: Was authorised for construction on 16 March 1903. Construction began after completion of land acquisition in October of the same year. Difficulties were experienced in the construction of the crossing of the Laufing bog ( Laufinger Moos ) near Ebersberg, where the embankment subsided several times. The planned opening date of 1 May 1903 could not be met. Commissioning took place without any major celebrations with trial runs on 27 September and scheduled services commencing on 1 October 1903. A proposal promoted by
8900-494: Was dissolved, ending Austria's influence over the lesser German states. Bavaria lost Gersfeld , Bad Orb and Kaulsdorf to Prussia; former two became part of the new Province of Hesse-Nassau whereas the latter became part of Province of Saxony . From this time, Bavaria steadily progressed into Prussia's sphere of influence. With Austria's defeat in the Austro-Prussian War, the northern German states quickly unified into
9000-520: Was extended to Kaiser Wilhelm as supreme commander. In July 1914, the Bavarian Army numbered 92,400 or 11 percent of the total Imperial German Army . In 1914, a clash of alliances occurred over Austria-Hungary 's invasion of Serbia following the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Bosnian Serb militant. Germany went to the side of its former rival-turned-ally, Austria-Hungary, and declared war on France and Russia . Following
9100-410: Was feared or hoped to spark a restoration of the monarchy . Despite the abolition of the monarchy, the former king was laid to rest in front of the former royal family, the Bavarian government, military personnel, and an estimated 100,000 spectators, in the style of royal funerals. Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria did not wish to use the occasion of the passing of his father to attempt to re-establish
9200-466: Was known as the Punctation of Olmütz but also known as the "Humiliation of Olmütz" by Prussia. This event solidified the Bavarian kingdom's alliance with Austria against Prussia. When the project to unite the German middle-sized powers under Bavarian leadership against Prussia and Austria (the so-called Trias ) failed, Minister-President von der Pfordten resigned in 1859. Attempts by Prussia to reorganize
9300-550: Was made on 10 June 2001. Since then, there are direct services between Wasserburg station and Munich in the morning and evening peak hours. Also the Ebersberg–Tulling section of the line was added to the fare zone of the Munich Transport and Tariff Association (as occurred with the parallel bus line in the 1980s). Since 1 June 2001, the infrastructure of the Grafing–Wasserburg railway and its operations have been assigned to
9400-427: Was no exact correlation between this duchy and the current territory. After the reunification in 1340 Bavaria was divided again in 1349, and in 1392 the duchies Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Ingolstadt were created in Upper Bavaria. In 1505 Bavaria was permanently reunited. For administrative purposes, Bavaria was split into Rentämter (plural of Rentamt [ bar ; de ; es ] ). Upper Bavaria consisted of
9500-651: Was planned at that time upgrade a total of 28 of the 38 existing crossings with a total investment of close to €5 million. Also since 2004, the stations have been gradually modernised by SüdostBayernBahn and the local municipalities. The largest single measure was the approximately €800,000 for the rebuilding of Wasserburg station, funded by the town of Wasserburg with support from the State of Bavaria. A new bus station and expanded park-and-ride facilities were inaugurated on 20 October 2006. The regular shipment of timber in Forsting
9600-548: Was put down with the support of Prussian forces. However Maximilian II stood alongside Bavaria's ally, the Austrian Empire, in opposition to Austria's enemy, Prussia. This position was resented by many Bavarian citizens, who wanted a united Germany. In the end Prussia declined the crown offered by the Frankfurt Parliament as the proposed constitution of a German state was perceived to be too liberal and not in Prussia's interests. In
9700-463: Was resumed in June 2005. The delivery and collection of wagons as required up to twice a week at night, starting from Mühldorf, use locomotives of class 294 . Since 2008, freight trains also operate at night twice a week from Munich to Mühldorf via Wasserburg and Ebersberg. On 2 April 2004, the town of Wasserburg am Inn took over infrastructure on the abandoned section from Wasserburg station (kilometre 0.371) up to and including Wasserburg town to secure
9800-601: Was seen by Germans as the greatest enemy to a united Germany. At the same time, Bavaria increased its political, legal, and trade ties with the North German Confederation. In 1870, war erupted between France and Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War . The Bavarian Army was sent under the command of the Prussian Crown Prince Frederick against the French Army . With France's defeat and humiliation against
9900-407: Was thinned until the early 1990s. During the first half of the decade, only a pair of services ran on the track each day from Monday to Friday, although on weekends the timetable was a bit more extensive. Freight traffic was also closed at the beginning of the decade. The Federal Ministry of Transport rejected DB's application for decommissioning on 23 February 1994. This was justified, inter alia, by
10000-467: Was thus reunited with Bavaria. In 1793, the French Revolutionary Army overran the Palatinate; in 1795, the French , under Moreau , invaded Bavaria itself, advanced to Munich —where they were received with joy by the long-suppressed Liberals—and laid siege to Ingolstadt . Charles Theodore, who had done nothing to prevent the war or to resist the invasion, fled to Saxony , leaving a regency,
#264735