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48-479: The act was introduced by Rep. Dorsey W. Shackleford (D) of Missouri, then amended by Sen. John H. Bankhead (D) of Alabama to conform with model legislation written by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO). It provided $ 75 million of federal money in 50–50 matching funds to the states to build up to 6% of their roads statewide over a five-year period. President Woodrow Wilson signed

96-647: A public historically black and federal land-grant university founded the year after the American Civil War in 1866, by the Union Army black veterans of the First Missouri Regiment of Colored Infantry & 62nd Regiment of U.S. Colored Troops with support from the Second Missouri Regiment of Colored Infantry / 65th Regiment of U.S. Colored Troops . In pre-Columbian times , this region

144-542: A highway agency to administer the federal funds. World War I and its concomitant demands on personnel and materials impeded the implementation of the 1916 act, as did the act's small appropriation and its limit on federal funding to $ 10,000 per mile. These and other problems were addressed in the next national road bill, the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 (Phipps Act). Dorsey W. Shackleford Dorsey William Shackleford (August 27, 1853 – July 15, 1936)

192-427: A margin of error of +/- $ 2,176) and the median family income was $ 75,490 (+/- $ 7,940). Males had a median income of $ 35,561 (+/- $ 4,299) versus $ 31,226 (+/- $ 1,953) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 32,642 (+/- $ 2,031). Approximately, 8.8% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.8% of those under the age of 18 and 6.9% of those ages 65 or over. At

240-611: A state prison . This prison, named the Missouri State Penitentiary , opened in 1836. This prison was the unfortunate home to multiple infamous Americans, including former heavyweight boxing champion Sonny Liston , Martin Luther King Jr. assassin James Earl Ray , and infamous 1930s bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd . During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Jefferson City was occupied by Union / Federal troops and

288-477: Is 36 percent more efficient than current energy standards. Jefferson City Public School District currently operates Jefferson City High School and Capital City High School, two middle schools, Thomas Jefferson Middle School, and Lewis and Clark Middle School, and eleven elementary schools. In addition to public education, there are also five private elementary schools and three private high schools, including Helias High School and Calvary Lutheran High School in

336-718: Is common during the winter, although about half of wintertime precipitation falls as rain. The 2020 United States census counted 43,228 people, 16,882 households, and 9,327 families in Jefferson City. The population density was 1,199.1 per square mile (463.0/km ). There were 18,942 housing units at an average density of 525.4 units per square mile (202.9 units/km ). The racial makeup was 74.33% (32,130) white , 15.83% (6,841) black or African-American , 0.3% (131) Native American , 1.82% (786) Asian , 0.1% (43) Pacific Islander , 1.31% (566) from other races , and 6.32% (2,731) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race

384-424: Is land and 1.63 square miles (4.22 km ) is water. Jefferson City has a humid continental climate ( Dfa ) with hot, rainy summers and cold winters. The city borders on having a humid subtropical climate but falls just short due to January having a mean temperature of 30 °F (−1 °C) which is below the 32 °F (0 °C) isotherm. Thunderstorms are common in both the spring and summer. Light snow

432-776: Is located in Jefferson City. The Missouri Department of Corrections (MDOC) operates the Jefferson City Correctional Center (JCCC) and the Algoa Correctional Center (ACC) in Jefferson City. JCCC replaced the Missouri State Penitentiary on September 15, 2004, which until its closure was the oldest operating penal facility west of the Mississippi River . It served as the State of Missouri's primary maximum security institution, and it housed male death row prisoners until April 1989, when they were moved to

480-780: Is occupied by the Central Division of the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri and under the appellate jurisdiction of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit , was designed to achieve the U.S. Green Building Council 's LEED Gold rating. Sustainable design features include reducing water use by 44 percent, using 13 percent recycled content, diverting 80 percent of construction waste materials from landfills, and it

528-646: Is part of the Mid-Missouri television market . KRCG , the region's CBS affiliate, and KFDR , a station owned by the Christian Television Network (CTN), are both licensed to the city. Federal highways are U.S. Routes 50 , 54 , and 63 . Missouri Routes 179 and 94 also run through the city. Jefferson City is one of the four state capitals that is not served by an Interstate highway (the others are Dover, Delaware ; Juneau, Alaska ; and Pierre, South Dakota ). However, Interstate 70 passes by

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576-530: The 2010 census , there were 43,079 people in 17,278 households, including 9,969 families, in the city. The population density was 1,198.3 inhabitants per square mile (462.7/km ). There were 18,852 housing units at an average density of 524.4 units per square mile (202.5 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 78.0% White, 16.9% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.6%. Of

624-576: The Missouri State Capitol , St. Peter Church (adjacent to the capitol), Missouri State Penitentiary , Missouri Governor's Mansion , and Missouri State Museum . Lincoln University, ranked by U.S. News & World Report in 2007 as a top educational institution for international students, also helps draw students and tourists from other states and countries. The State Capitol is located in Jefferson City. In addition, state agencies are headquartered in Jefferson City. The Missouri State Archives

672-691: The Potosi Correctional Center . The United States Postal Service operates several postal facilities. The Jefferson City Main Post Office building previously shared occupancy with the U.S. District Court from its dedication in November 1934 until September 27, 2011, when it moved into the Christopher S. Bond Court House. The 118,000-square-foot courthouse is named for the former Governor and United States Senator from Missouri. The courthouse, which

720-650: The United States Secretary of Agriculture . The Federal Aid Road Act, as the first federal highway funding law, was instrumental in extending and improving the country's road system. Prior to its passage (and for several decades afterward), the condition of many roads was deplorable; "They were often little more than trails that were muddy in the rain and dusty the rest of the time. Any long trip by automobile required not only time, patience, and ingenuity, but tire-patching equipment, tools, spare parts, and emergency food and fuel". A growing interest in road improvements

768-400: The 15,794 households 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.7% were non-families. 36.1% of households were one person and 11.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.90. The age distribution was 20.9% under

816-401: The 17,278 households 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.6% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.3% were non-families. 36.2% of households were one person and 11.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size

864-682: The Committee on Roads (sixty-third to sixty-fifth Congresses) and introduced legislation that would ultimately be enacted as the Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 . On April 5, 1917, he voted against declaring war on Germany. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1918 to the Sixty-sixth Congress. He moved to Jefferson City, Missouri , in 1919 and continued the practice of law. He died in Jefferson City, Missouri , July 15, 1936. He

912-485: The Federal Aid Road Act on July 11, 1916 at a ceremony attended by members of AASHO, American Automobile Association , and various farm organizations. Wilson was an ardent advocate of good roads and made them a party platform in 1916: "The happiness, comfort and prosperity of rural life, and the development of the city, are alike conserved by the construction of public highways. We, therefore, favor national aid in

960-529: The Jefferson City area. Minutes later, a destructive EF-3 tornado caused extensive damage on the southwest side of the city. At least 20 people were injured, but none were killed due to this tornado. The tornado originally touched down west of Eldon before heading its way to Jefferson City. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 37.58 square miles (97.33 km ), of which 35.95 square miles (93.11 km )

1008-503: The Jefferson City limits of Callaway County, Missouri , serves general aviation but has no scheduled commercial airline service. Jefferson City is home to SSM Health St. Mary's Hospital, which has 154 beds. Capital Region Medical Center, an affiliate of University of Missouri Health Care , is also located in the city. Jefferson City is the sister city to the German city of Münchberg . Around 200 years ago, settlers from Münchberg founded

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1056-456: The Missouri River, especially on the north from the city east to Marthasville , located outside of St. Louis. Known as the " Missouri Rhineland " for its vineyards and first established by German immigrants in the mid- 1800s , this region has become part of Missouri's agricultural and tourist economy. Approximately 15 minutes before midnight on May 22, 2019, a tornado emergency was issued for

1104-414: The age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.6 males. The median household income was $ 39,628 and the median family income was $ 52,627. Males had a median income of $ 35,050 versus $ 25,521 for females. The per capita income for

1152-477: The city 30 miles (48 km) to the north in Columbia . The city is served by Columbia Regional Airport and nearby Jefferson City Memorial Airport . JeffTran , the city operated public transit system, provides year-round bus service during traditional weekday business hours, but is currently considering the extension of service hours to include evenings and weekends. The Jefferson City station , located in

1200-453: The city was $ 21,268. About 7.3% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.1% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over. Jefferson City's economy is driven by its residents, citizens of surrounding communities, and tourists. Jefferson City's economy relies on government, health care , manufacturing , retail , education , and tourism . In 2016, Jefferson City's gross metropolitan product

1248-406: The city. Lincoln University is a public historically black university with open enrollment and certificate, associate, bachelor, and graduate programs. Columbia College , William Woods University , Metro Business College, and Merrell University also have campuses in the city with varying degree levels and options. The University of Missouri , the state's flagship university, is 30 miles to

1296-463: The common name stuck. For years, this village was little more than a trading post located in the wilderness about midway between St. Louis and Kansas City . In 1825, the settlement was incorporated as a town / city and a year later, the state legislature of the General Assembly of Missouri , moved to and first met in Jefferson City. Jefferson City was also chosen by the lawmakers as the site of

1344-450: The construction of post roads and roads for military purposes". Under the act, federal funding was provided for rural post roads on the condition that they be open to the public at no charge. Funding was to be distributed to the states based on a formula incorporating each state's geographic area, population, and existing road network. To obtain the funding, states were required to submit project plans, surveys, specifications and estimates to

1392-517: The early 19th century . When the Missouri Territory was organized in 1812, St. Louis was Missouri's seat of government for the territorial governor and territorial legislature. Later St. Charles would serve as the next capital town of the old Territory. However, Jefferson City was chosen as the new state capital in 1821, after Missouri was admitted to the Union as the 24th State . The village on

1440-523: The east, also split by the impending conflict of civil war . Missourians were strongly divided and many people in the state—especially in St. Louis—supported the Union, while other areas of the state (such as Missouri's Little Dixie ) were strongly pro- Confederate further west along the Missouri River between Jefferson City and Kansas City. German immigrants created vineyards in small towns on either side of

1488-608: The elected state legislature of the General Assembly were driven from Jefferson City by Union Army General Nathaniel Lyon (1818-1861). Some of the rebelling legislators later reconvened in nearby Neosho and passed an ordinance of secession from the Federal Union. Missouri was claimed by both the southern Confederacy and the Federal Union of the remaining United States , as was neighboring border state of Kentucky to

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1536-606: The former Union Hotel at Jefferson Landing State Historic Site , is one of the Missouri River Runner train stops between Kansas City and St. Louis , provided by Amtrak , the sole intercity passenger railroad service in the United States . A Greyhound bus stop near the Eastland Drive Convenient Food Mart also provides intercity transit. Jefferson City Memorial Airport , which is located in

1584-564: The fourteenth judicial circuit of Missouri from June 1, 1892, until his resignation on September 9, 1899, having been elected to Congress. Shackleford was elected as a Democratic Representative to the Fifty-sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Richard P. Bland . He was re-elected to the Fifty-seventh and to the eight succeeding Congresses and served from August 29, 1899, to March 3, 1919. He served as chairman of

1632-596: The north in Columbia. Jefferson City has a public library , the Missouri River Regional Library. The major daily English-language newspaper in the area is the Jefferson City News Tribune . Several monthly magazines cover Jefferson City and/or the surrounding areas: Jefferson City Magazine , Her Magazine , Capital Lifestyles , and Professional Day . Jefferson City, along with Columbia,

1680-537: The north; Lewis and Clark with their Corps of Discovery passed the bluff here on their historic expedition upriver in 1804, eventually journeying westward to the Pacific Northwest region and the Pacific Ocean , before Europeans or Americans established any settlement there. Many of Jefferson City's primary employers are in service and manufacturing industries. Jefferson City is also home to Lincoln University ,

1728-416: The population was under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 106.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 110.9 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $ 54,003 (with

1776-695: The second-most-populous metropolitan area in Mid-Missouri and the fifth-largest in the state. Most of the city is in Cole County, with a small northern section extending into adjacent Callaway County . Jefferson City is named for Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), the third President of the United States , 1801-1809, and earlier major author of the Declaration of Independence of the United States on July 4, 1776. He also served several diplomatic posts overseas in Europe and

1824-448: The southern banks of the Missouri River, first was called "Lohman's Landing", and when the new state legislature decided to relocate there, they proposed the name "Missouriopolis" before settling on the city of "Jefferson" to honor former third President Thomas Jefferson (who was still living at his Virginia home estate of Monticello for the next five years). Over the years, the city was most often referred to as "Jefferson City" and

1872-508: The west and St. Louis in the east (along the west bank of the Mississippi River ). It is 29 miles (47 km) south of Columbia, Missouri , and sits at the western edge of the Missouri Rhineland , one of the major wine-producing regions of the Midwest . The city is dominated by the monumental domed Missouri State Capitol , which rises from a bluff overlooking the nearby Missouri River to

1920-425: Was $ 7.366 billion and Missouri's real total gross domestic product was $ 260.309 billion, making Jefferson City's economy 2.829% of the total gross state product of Missouri. Central Bancompany, Hawthorn Bancshares, Capital Region Medical Center, and Arris Pizza all have their headquarters in Jefferson City. Jefferson City is also home to Central Dairy, whose products are shipped statewide. Tourists are drawn to

1968-422: Was 1,454.4 inhabitants per square mile (561.5/km ). There were 16,987 housing units at an average density of 623.3 units per square mile (240.7 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 81.5% White, 14.7% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. 1.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of

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2016-405: Was 2.89. The age distribution was 20.9% of residents under the age of 18, 10.3% between the ages of 18 and 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% 65 or older. The median age was 37.5 years. The gender makeup of the city was 51.2% male and 48.8% female. At the 2000 census , there were 39,636 people in 15,794 households, including 9,207 families, in the city. The population density

2064-405: Was 3.6% (1,523) of the population. Of the 16,882 households, 25.7% had children under the age of 18; 40.2% were married couples living together; 34.4% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 39.6% consisted of individuals and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 3.0. 20.0% of

2112-560: Was a United States Representative from Missouri . Shackleford was born in Sweet Springs, Missouri . He attended public schools and William Jewell College , Liberty, Missouri where he studied law. He taught school from 1877 to 1879. He was admitted to the bar in 1878 and commenced practice in Boonville, Missouri . He served as prosecuting attorney of Cooper County, Missouri from 1882 to 1886 and from 1890 to 1892. He served as judge of

2160-551: Was home of an ancient people known only as the "Mound Builders" , being replaced by Osage Native Americans. In the late 17th century, frontiersmen started to inhabit the area, including Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac , Louis Jolliet , Jacques Marquette , Robert de LaSalle , and Daniel Boone , with the latter having the greatest influence on the region. Famed Western explorer and settler Daniel Boone 's son, Daniel Morgan Boone (1769-1839), would later lay out and plat Jefferson City in

2208-578: Was interred in Walnut Grove Cemetery, Boonville, Missouri . Jefferson City, Missouri Jefferson City , informally Jeff City , is the capital of the U.S. state of Missouri . It had a population of 43,228 at the 2020 census , ranking as the 16th most populous city in the state. It is also the county seat of Cole County and the principal city of the Jefferson City Metropolitan Statistical Area ,

2256-524: Was spurred by farmers who needed roads to take their goods to market, the introduction of Rural Free Delivery by the Postal Service , and the burgeoning popularity of the personal automobile . The 1907 Supreme Court case Wilson v. Shaw also paved the way for passage of the roads act by holding that the Commerce Clause authorized Congress to construct interstate highways. By 1917, every state had

2304-505: Was the first U.S. Secretary of State (1790-1793) in the first President's Cabinet of George Washington , and subsequently the second Vice President (1797-1801) under second chief executive John Adams . Jefferson City is located on the northern edge of the Ozark Plateau on the southern side of the Missouri River in a region known as Mid-Missouri , that is roughly mid-way between the state's two large urban areas of Kansas City to

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