48-436: Fatehgarh Sahib district is one of the twenty-three districts of the state of Punjab , India, with its headquarters in the town of Fatehgarh Sahib . The district came into existence on 13 April 1992, Baisakhi Day and derives its name from Sahibzada Fateh Singh , the youngest son of 10th Guru Gobind Singh , who along with his brother was bricked-up alive on the orders of Suba Sirhind, Wazir Khan in 1704, and which
96-889: A Sayyid line from Nishapur in Persia. They were Shia Muslims , and promoted Shia as the state religion. Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah instituted the Oudh Bequest , a system of fixed payments by the British paid to the Shia holy cities of Najaf and Karbala . These payments, along with lifelong stipends to the wives and mother of Ghazi-ud-Din served as interest on the Third Oudh Loan taken in 1825. The cities of Allahabad , Varanasi , and Ayodhya were important pilgrimage sites for followers of Hinduism and other Dharmic religions . The town of Bahraich
144-551: A Rohilla enclave. Asaf-ud-Daula acceded to the nawabship of Oudh with British aid in exchange for the Treaty of Benares (1775) which further increased the cost of mercenaries and ceded the sarkars of Benares , Ghazipur , Chunar , and Jaunpur . From this time onwards, Oudh consistently complied with the Company's demands, which continued to demand more land and economic control over the state. The Treaty of Chunar (1781) sought to reduce
192-548: A demographic shift in which Lucknow and Varanasi expanded to become metropolises of over 200,000 people over the course of the 18th century at the expense of Agra and Delhi . During this period the land on the banks of the Yamuna suffered frequent dry spells, while the Baiswara did not. Although it was ruled by Muslims, a majority, roughly four fifths, of Oudh's population were Hindus . The Nawabs of Oudh were descended from
240-460: A sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States". The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states: Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu -speaking northern districts of Madras State . The French enclave of Chandernagore was transferred to West Bengal in 1954. In the same year Pondicherry , comprising
288-424: Is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories , for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into 806 districts and smaller administrative divisions . The states of India are self-governing administrative divisions, each having a state government . The governing powers of the states are shared between the state government and the union government . On
336-482: Is now the site of the ' Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib '. As of 2011, it is the second least populous district of Punjab (out of 22 ), after Barnala . According to the 2011 census Fatehgarh Sahib district has a population of 600,163. This gives it a ranking of 525th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 508 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,320/sq mi) . Its population growth over
384-765: The Crown Colony of Burma . In 1947, the last Act of the Crown was passed. The act dissolved the Indian Empire, the Imperial Legislative Council and the Chamber of Princes and the Union of India was consequently established from 9 former Indian provinces ( East Punjab , United Provinces , Central Provinces , Madras , Bombay , Bihar , Orissa , West Bengal and Assam ) and 562 former Indian states. Between 1947 and 1950,
432-608: The Doctrine of Lapse , the North Western Provinces became the North Western Provinces and Oudh. Oudh Subah was one of the initial 12 subahs (later expanded to 15 subahs by the end of Akbar's reign) established by Akbar during his administrative reforms of 1572–1580. A Mughal Subah was divided into Sarkars , or districts. Sarkars were further divided into Parganas or Mahals . Saadat Ali Khan I
480-565: The North Western Provinces , forming the larger province of North-Western Provinces and Oudh . In 1902, the latter was renamed the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh . In 1921, it became the United Provinces of British India . In 1937, it became the United Provinces and continued as a province in independent India until finally becoming the state of Uttar Pradesh in 1950. The following were feudatory estates — taluqdaris or parganas — of Oudh: The first ruler of Oudh State belonged to
528-520: The Shia Muslim Sayyid Family and descended of Musa al-Kadhim originated from Nishapur . But the dynasty also belonged from the paternal line to the Kara Koyunlu through Qara Yusuf . They were renowned for their secularism and broad outlook. All rulers used the title of ' Nawab '. In the early eighteenth century, the population of Oudh was estimated to be 3 million. Oudh underwent
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#1733114162252576-706: The British in the Bengal War . Since Oudh was located in a prosperous region, the British East India Company soon took notice of the affluence in which the Nawabs of Oudh lived. Primarily, the British sought to protect the frontiers of Bengal and their lucrative trade there; only later did direct expansion occur. British dominance was established at the Battle of Buxar of 1764, when the East India Company defeated
624-881: The British orbit. The capital of Oudh was in Faizabad , but the Company's Political Agents, officially known as "Residents", had their seat in Lucknow . At par existed a Maratha embassy, in the Oudh court, led by the Vakil of the Peshwa , until the Second Anglo-Maratha War . The Nawab of Oudh, one of the richest princes, paid for and erected a Residency in Lucknow as a part of a wider programme of civic improvements. Oudh joined other Indian states in an upheaval against British rule in 1858 during one of
672-511: The British. On 7 February 1856, by order of Governor-General Lord Dalhousie , the Nawab of Oudh , Wajid Ali Shah , was deposed, and Oudh State was annexed to the territories of the British East India Company under the terms of the Doctrine of lapse on the grounds of alleged internal misrule. Between 5 July 1857 and 3 March 1858, during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , Begum Hazrat Mahal ,
720-466: The Emperor's representative to the constituent states of the province. The first three of the lieutenant-governorships were territories annexed to India from other powers and temporarily governed by the erstwhile Bengal Presidency, before being made into their own separate provinces. Agra and Bengal were still considered de jure parts of the defunct Bengal Presidency for judicial and legal purposes. Agra
768-468: The Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu , effective from 26 January 2020. Ladakh UT The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any state between
816-485: The Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while erstwhile union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu 's northern exclaves Damão and Diu became a separate union territory as Daman and Diu . In November 2000, three new states were created, namely: Pondicherry was renamed Puducherry in 2007 and Orissa
864-466: The Treaty of Benares (1773) with the British (who held de facto control over the area) for 50 lakh rupees, increased the cost of Company mercenaries, and military aid in the First Rohilla War to expand Oudh as a buffer state against Maratha interests. Done by Warren Hastings , this move was unpopular among the rest of Company leadership, but Hastings continued a harsh policy on Oudh, justifying
912-503: The Union and that state. Oudh Province The Oudh State ( / ˈ aʊ d / , also Kingdom of Awadh , Kingdom of Oudh , Awadh Subah , Oudh Subah or Awadh State ) was a Mughal subah , then an independent kingdom, and lastly a princely state in the Awadh region of North India until its annexation by the British in 1856. The name Oudh, now obsolete, was once the anglicized name of
960-437: The alliance between the nawab of Oudh Shuja-ud-Daula and the deposed nawab of Bengal Mir Kasim . The battle was a turning point for the once rising star of Oudh. The immediate effect was the British occupation of the fort at Chunar and the cession of the provinces of Kora and Allahabad to Mughal ruler Shah Alam II under the Treaty of Benares (1765). Shaja-ud-Daula further had to pay 5 million rupees as an indemnity, which
1008-563: The chief of Azamgarh , Mahabat Khan . In 1739 Saadat Khan mobilized Oudh to defend against Nader Shah 's invasion of India , ultimately being captured in the Battle of Karnal . He attempted to negotiate with Nader Shah but died in Delhi. In 1740, his successor Safdar Jang moved the capital of the state from Ayodhya to Faizabad . Safdar Jang gained recognition from Persia after paying tribute. He continued Saadat Khan's expansionist policy, promising military protection to Bengal in exchange for
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#17331141622521056-434: The decade 2001-2011 was 11.39%. Fatehgarh Sahib has a sex ratio of 871 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 80.3%. Scheduled Castes made up 32.07% of the population. The table below shows the sex ratio of Fatehgarh Sahib district through decades. The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Fatehgarh Sahib district. The table below shows
1104-626: The direct rule of the Emperor of India (who was also the King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions ) and a few minor states, ruled by Indian princes under the suzerainty of the Emperor. A Governor or Lieutenant-Governor acted as the representative of the Emperor to that province and head of government of the directly ruled territories in the province. The governor or lieutenant-governor also served as
1152-573: The former French enclaves of Pondichéry , Karikal , Yanaon and Mahé , was transferred to India. This became a union territory in 1962. Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the Portuguese-held enclaves of Dadrá and Nagar Aveli , declaring the short-lived de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli . In 1961, India annexed it as the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli . The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 reorganised
1200-690: The forts at Rohtasgarh and Chunar , and annexing portions of Farrukhabad with Mughal military aid which was ruled by Muhammad Khan Bangash . As the Mughal empire began to dissolve in the early 18th century, many subahs became effectively independent. As regional officials asserted their autonomy in Bengal and the Deccan as well as with the rise of the Maratha Empire , the rulers of Oudh gradually affirmed their own sovereignty. Safdar Jang went as far as to control
1248-578: The last series of actions in the Indian rebellion of 1857 . In the course of this uprising, detachments of the Bombay Army of the East India Company overcame the disunited collection of Indian states in a single rapid campaign. Determined rebels continued to wage sporadic guerrilla clashes until the spring of 1859. This rebellion is also historically known as the Oudh campaign . After the British annexation of Oudh by
1296-572: The military aid as a bid to strengthen Oudh's status as a buffer state against the Marathas. To shape the policy of Oudh and direct its internal affairs Hastings appointed the resident Nathaniel Middleton in Lucknow that year as well. At the conclusion of the First Rohilla War in 1774, Oudh gained the entirety of Rohilkhand and the Middle Doab region, only leaving the independent Rampur State as
1344-453: The number of British troops in Oudh's service to cut costs, but failed in this measure due to the instability of Asaf-ud-Daula's rule and thus his reliance on British aid essentially as a puppet regime. Saadat Ali Khan II acceded to the throne of Oudh in 1798, owing his seat to British intervention including Governor-General of Bengal Sir John Shore 's personal proclamation in Lucknow of his rule. A treaty signed on 21 February 1798 increased
1392-411: The original Mughal subah of Awadh (excepting Gorakhpur which was ceded) and surrounded it by directly-administered British territory, rendering it useless as a buffer. The treaty also mandated a government to be put in place that primarily served the citizens of Oudh. It was on the basis of the failure to meet this demand that the British later justified the annexation of Oudh. Farrukhabad and Rampur
1440-472: The other hand, the union territories are directly governed by the union government. The Indian Empire was a very complex political entity consisting of various imperial divisions and states and territories of varying autonomy. At the time of its establishment in 1876, it was made up of 584 constituent states and the directly ruled territories of the Crown . The entire empire was divided into provinces and agencies. A province consisted of territory under
1488-483: The population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Fatehgarh Sahib district. Languages of Fatehgarh Sahib district (2011) At the time of the 2011 census, 89.92% of the population spoke Punjabi and 9.15% Hindi as their first language. The table below shows the number of road accidents and people affected in Fatehgarh Sahib district by year. States of India India
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1536-459: The provinces with only territories under direct Crown rule. The latter years of the Indian Empire saw the enactment of the last Government of India Act by the Crown. This act granted full autonomy to Indian provinces. Provincial laws no longer needed the assent of the governor-general. This act created the office of a Premier in each province, who functioned as the new head of government and
1584-631: The provinces. However a good number of states were organised into imperial structures called agencies, or residencies. An Agent to the Governor-General (AGG) functioned as the Emperor's representative to all the states in the agency. In 1919, the fourth Government of India was enacted by the Crown. This saw many major changes. The legislatures of the provinces were made elected ones rather than nominated ones. Some provinces were given bicameral legislatures . All provinces were elevated to governorships and all lieutenant governors were made governors. Burma
1632-514: The representative of the Emperor . In addition to these, there were certain territories ruled directly by the Government of India through nominated chief commissioners. These were former independent states annexed to India and since ruled directly by the Supreme Government. A vast majority of the Indian states in the late nineteenth century were, in terms of imperial divisions, organised within
1680-500: The ruler of Delhi, putting Ahmad Shah Bahadur on the Mughal throne with the cooperation of other Mughal nobility. In 1748 he gained the subah of Allahabad with Ahmad Shah's official support. This was arguably the zenith of Oudh's territorial span. The next nawab, Shuja-ud-Daula , extended Oudh's control of the Mughal emperor. He was appointed vazir to Shah Alam II in 1762 and offered him asylum after his failed campaigns against
1728-513: The state, also written historically as Oudhe. As the Mughal Empire declined and decentralized, local governors in Oudh began asserting greater autonomy, and eventually Oudh matured into an independent polity governing the fertile lands of the Central and Lower Doab . With the British East India Company entering Bengal and decisively defeating Oudh at the Battle of Buxar in 1764, Oudh fell into
1776-484: The states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states. As a result of this act: Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. The former Union Territory of Nagaland achieved statehood on 1 December 1963. The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and
1824-471: The subsidy paid to the British to 70 lakh rupees per year. In light of the Napoleonic Wars and British demands for greater revenue from the Company, in 1801, Saadat Ali Khan II ceded the entire Rohilkhand and Lower Doab as well as the sarkar of Gorakhpur under the pressure of Lord Wellesley to the British in lieu of the annual tribute. The cession halved the size of the polity, reducing it to
1872-552: The territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the new Indian Union . Most were merged into existing provinces. Others were organised into new provinces and states , such as Rajasthan , Himachal Pradesh , Malwa Union , Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States Union , and Patiala and East Punjab States Union , made up of multiple princely states. A few, including Mysore , Hyderabad , Bhopal , and Bilaspur , became separate states. The new Constitution of India , which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India
1920-415: The transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh . The act designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. The north-eastern states of Manipur , Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972. Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of
1968-500: The wife of Wajid Ali Shah proclaimed their son Birjis Qadr the Wali of Awadh and ruled as regent. At the time of the rebellion, the British lost control of the territory; they reestablished their rule over the next eighteen months, during which time there were massacres such as those that had occurred in the course of the Siege of Cawnpore . After the rebellion, Oudh's territory was merged with
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2016-403: Was appointed Subahdar of Oudh Subah on 9 September 1722, succeeding Girdhar Bahadur . He immediately subdued the autonomous Shaikhzadas of Lucknow and Raja Mohan Singh of Tiloi , consolidating Oudh as a state. In 1728, Oudh further acquired Varanasi , Jaunpur and surrounding lands from the Mughal noble Rustam Ali Khan and established stable revenue collection in that province after quelling
2064-501: Was given a special status and made an autonomous province. The Chamber of Princes was established by Emperor George V in 1920. One of the major consequences of this was the creation of many more agencies from the states of the provinces, thus granting them direct relations with the Emperor instead of with the Governors. This saw the separation of all the states from the provinces and addition to before-mentioned agencies. This left all
2112-657: Was not annexed by the British yet; instead, they served as separate princely states for the moment. The kingdom became a British protectorate in May 1816. Three years later, in 1819, the Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah took the title of Badshah (king), signaling formal independence from the Mughal Empire under the advice of the Marquis of Hastings . Throughout the early 1800s until annexation, several areas were gradually ceded to
2160-457: Was paid off in one year. The long-term result would be direct British interference in the internal state matters of Oudh, useful as a buffer state against the Marathas . The treaty also granted British traders special privileges and exemptions from many customs duties, which led to tensions as British monopolies were established. Shuja-ud-Daula bought the Mughal provinces of Kora and Allahabad in
2208-578: Was renamed Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh . In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 , which contains provisions to reorganise the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh , effective from 31 October 2019. Later that year in November,
2256-399: Was responsible to the provincial legislature. Bengal, Madras and Bombay which had been till now styled Presidencies, were now officially styled as provinces. The provinces of Orissa and Sind were created from Bihar and Bombay respectively. The Province of Burma which had previously functioned as an autonomous province of India was now separated from the Indian Empire, and established as
2304-492: Was separated in 1878 and merged with Oudh . The Bengal Presidency was re-established in 1912 as a governorship. All these provinces had their own legislatures established by the Indian Councils Acts, and high courts established by Indian High Courts Acts. Laws passed by these legislatures needed the dual assent of the governor or lieutenant-governor of the province and the governor-general of India , who functioned as
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