42-403: The Fatal Shore: The Epic of Australia's Founding is a 1986 book by Robert Hughes . It provides a history of the early years of British colonisation of Australia , and especially the history and social effects of Britain's convict transportation system . It also addresses the historical, political and sociological reasons that led to British settlement. It was first published in 1986. Hughes
84-653: A Bachelor of Laws in 1982. Turnbull also holds a Master of Business Administration from the Australian Graduate School of Management of the University of New South Wales . In September 2017, Turnbull received an honorary Doctorate of Letters for her substantial and sustained service and contribution to the University and to the Greater Western Sydney region. Turnbull was elected to Council in 1999 on
126-499: A Genius (2002), was broadcast on the first night of the new British domestic digital service , BBC Four . He created a one-hour update to The Shock of the New , titled The New Shock of the New , which first aired in 2004. He published the first volume of his memoirs, Things I Didn’t Know , in 2006. Following his death, Jonathan Jones wrote in The Guardian that Hughes "was simply
168-411: A background in commercial law and investment banking, Turnbull is a Director and Secretary of Turnbull & Partners Pty Ltd, a private investment company. From October 2010 to November 17, 2017 she was Non-Executive Chairman of biotechnology company Prima BioMed Limited. She was appointed on 25 February 2022 as a Non-Executive Director of ASX listed Immutep (formerly Prima BioMed Ltd). Turnbull has
210-507: A brain tumour in 2003. Their son, Danton, Hughes's only child, was named after the French revolutionary Georges Danton . Danton Hughes, a sculptor, committed suicide in April 2001; he was found by his partner, fashion designer Jenny Kee , with whom he had been in a long-term relationship. Robert Hughes later wrote: "I miss Danton and always will, although we had been miserably estranged for years and
252-569: A long-standing interest in cities and their planning, governance and management, as well as the importance of technological innovation to the national economy. In 1999, she published a book called Sydney: Biography of a City . She was an independent member of the Sydney Metropolitan Development Authority, which was charged with the urban renewal and revitalisation of several precincts in Sydney, including Redfern – Waterloo . She
294-568: A student, Hughes was caught up in controversy when a number of his classmates demonstrated in a student newspaper article that he had published plagiarised poetry by Terence Tiller and others, and a drawing by Leonard Baskin . Hughes left Australia for Europe in 1964, living for a time in Italy before settling in London in 1965, where he wrote for The Spectator , The Daily Telegraph , The Times , and The Observer , among others, and contributed to
336-556: Is a former deputy chair of the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) City Expert Advisory Panel (appointed July 2010), which reported to the COAG Reform Council. The Expert Panel was charged with preparing a report published on 1 March 2012, advising COAG Reform Council on whether metropolitan planning systems were consistent with agreed COAG criteria. Turnbull has also been active in the not-for-profit sector. She serves on boards of
378-553: Is an Australian businesswoman, philanthropist, and former local government politician. She served on the Sydney City Council from 1999 to 2004, including as Lord Mayor of Sydney from 2003 to 2004 – the first woman to hold the position. She has since held positions on a number of urban planning bodies, including as chief commissioner of the Greater Sydney Commission from 2015 to 2020. Her husband Malcolm Turnbull
420-552: The Impressionists . It was produced and in part directed by Lorna Pegram . It was accompanied by a book with the same title. John O'Connor of The New York Times said, "Agree or disagree, you will not be bored. Mr. Hughes has a disarming way of being provocative." Hughes's TV series American Visions (1997) reviewed the history of American art since the Revolution . Hughes's documentary on Francisco Goya , Goya: Crazy Like
462-410: The 20th century". Hughes, according to Adam Gopnik , was drawn to work that was rough-hewn, "craft attempted with passion." Hughes's critical prose, vivid in both praise and indignation, has been compared to that of George Bernard Shaw , Jonathan Swift and William Shakespeare . "His prose", according to a colleague, "was lithe, muscular and fast as a bunch of fives. He was incapable of writing
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#1732852445824504-995: The Biennale of Sydney, the Redfern Foundation Limited and the Turnbull Foundation. She is the Patron of DICE Kids, an organisation created at Policy Hack in 2015 and Patron of the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney. She is also a board member of the NSW Cancer Institute. She has previously chaired the Sydney Children's Hospital Foundation, the Sydney Cancer Centre and the Sydney Festival Limited. From 2006–2010, she
546-542: The Committee for Sydney from 2012 to 2015. In 2015 she was appointed Chief Commissioner of the Greater Sydney Commission , a role she fulfilled until March 2020 when she resigned to work with her husband in their family business. Turnbull was appointed chair of the Sydney Opera House Trust , commencing 1 January 2021. Lucy Hughes was aged 19 when she met Malcolm Turnbull , who was aged 23. Their first date
588-619: The Living Sydney independent platform and was immediately elevated to the position of Deputy Lord Mayor, serving under Lord Mayor Frank Sartor . When Sartor resigned as Lord Mayor to enter NSW politics, Turnbull was elected as his replacement. In early 2004, the Carr Labor government dismissed the City of Sydney and South Sydney Councils and forced their amalgamation. Turnbull was subsequently appointed as one of three Commissioners assigned with
630-455: The London version of Oz . In 1970 he was appointed art critic for TIME magazine and moved to New York, where he soon became an influential voice. In 1966 Hughes published a history of Australian painting titled The Art of Australia , still considered an important work. Hughes wrote and narrated the BBC eight-part series The Shock of the New (1980) on the development of modern art since
672-493: The New , and for his longstanding position as art critic with TIME magazine. He is also known for his best seller The Fatal Shore (1986), a study of the British convict system in early Australian history . Known for his contentious critiques of art and artists, Hughes was generally conservative in his tastes, although he did not belong to a particular philosophical camp. His writing was noted for its power and elegance. Hughes
714-438: The New proved to be a popular and critical success: it has been assessed "much the best synoptic introduction to modern art ever written", taking as its premise the vitality gained by modern art when it ceded the need to replicate nature in favour of a more direct expression of human experience and emotion. Hughes's explanations of modern art benefited from the coherence of his judgments, and were marked by his ability to summarise
756-512: The Soviet Union." In a 2013 Quadrant article, historian Keith Windschuttle argued that The Fatal Shore "remains the most widely read representation of the old anti-British historical paradigm created from the 1940s to the 1970s by Marxists and other leftists in university history departments." Windschuttle wrote that "Hughes’s gift for the dramatic phrase led him to go further than his sources and argue that nineteenth-century New South Wales
798-504: The United States and by William Collins in the UK, and subsequently published in paperback in the UK by Collins Harvill in 1987. The Folio Society published a slipcased premium edition in 1998, extending to a fourth printing in 2006. Australian novelist Thomas Keneally , in a review for The New York Times , described the book as "an authoritative and engrossing record," stating that "although
840-460: The essential qualities of his subject. Whether positive or negative, his judgments were enthusiastic. He championed London painters like Frank Auerbach and Lucian Freud , helping to popularise the latter in the United States, and wrote with unabashed admiration for Francisco Goya and Pierre Bonnard . By contrast Hughes was dismissive of much postmodernism and neo-expressionism , of painters like Julian Schnabel and David Salle , as well as
882-417: The greatest art critic of our time and it will be a long while before we see his like again. He made criticism look like literature. He also made it look morally worthwhile. He lent a nobility to what can often seem a petty way to spend your life. Hughes could be savage, but he was never petty. There was purpose to his lightning bolts of condemnation". Hughes and Harold Hayes were recruited in 1978 to anchor
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#1732852445824924-471: The group were Germaine Greer and Clive James . Hughes, an aspiring artist and poet, abandoned his university endeavours to become first a cartoonist and then an art critic for the Sydney periodical The Observer , edited by Donald Horne . Hughes was briefly involved in the original Sydney version of Oz magazine and wrote art criticism for Nation and the Sunday Mirror . In 1961, while still
966-483: The human cost of Britain's colonial venture and how these experiences have helped shape modern Australia." Historian Geoffrey Blainey wrote in A Shorter History of Australia that "Robert Hughes's wonderfully written history of the convicts, The Fatal Shore , was to entice more readers than any other book on Australia's history, but he loaded the dice when he likened the convict system to the Gulag Archipelago in
1008-514: The jargon of the art world, and consequently was treated by its mandarins with fear and loathing." In different moods he could write that " Schnabel’s work is to painting what Stallone’s is to acting: a lurching display of oily pectorals," as well as conclude that Antoine Watteau "was a connoisseur of the unplucked string, the immobility before the dance, the moment that falls between departure and nostalgia." Lucy Turnbull Lucinda Mary Turnbull AO (née Hughes ; born 30 March 1958)
1050-612: The late 1990s, Hughes was a prominent supporter of the Australian Republican Movement . Australia: Beyond the Fatal Shore (2000) was a series musing on modern Australia and Hughes's relationship with it. During production, Hughes was involved in a near-fatal road accident. Hughes met his first wife, Danne Emerson, in London in 1967. Together they became involved in the counterculture of the 1960s , exploring drug use and sexual freedom. They divorced in 1981; she died of
1092-503: The new ABC News (US) newsmagazine 20/20 . Their only broadcast, on 6 June 1978, proved so controversial that, less than a week later, ABC News president Roone Arledge terminated the contracts of both men, replacing them with veteran TV host Hugh Downs . Hughes's book The Fatal Shore followed in 1987. A study of the British penal colonies and early European settlement of Australia , it became an international best-seller. During
1134-420: The pain of his loss has been somewhat blunted by the passage of time". Hughes was married to his second wife, Victoria Whistler, from 1981 until their divorce in 1996. In 1999, Hughes was involved in a near-fatal car accident south of Broome, Western Australia . He was returning from a fishing trip and driving on the wrong side of the road when he collided head on with another car carrying three occupants. He
1176-519: The responsibility of establishing a new governance structure for the merged council entity. Turnbull, feeling the pressure of the Carr Labor government, approached Clover Moore and encouraged her to run as Lord Mayor in the hope that Labor would not gain control of the City of Sydney. As Lord Mayor, Turnbull awarded Nobel Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi the keys to the city of Sydney in 2003. With
1218-464: The story of the convict system has recently been covered by a number of Australian historians, this account, richly peopled with bizarre and compelling characters, is probably the most full-blooded and monumental treatment the subject has been given." Brian Smith, writing in the World Socialist Web Site , gave a positive review of the book, declaring that it "provide[s] a vivid portrayal of
1260-443: The vicissitudes of a money-fuelled art market. While his reviews expressed antipathy for the avant-garde , he was beholden neither to any theory nor ideology, and managed to provoke both ends of the political spectrum. He distrusted novelty in art for its own sake, yet he was also disdainful of a conservative aesthetic that avoided risk. He famously labelled contemporary Australian indigenous art as "the last great art movement of
1302-513: The wife of former Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull . He had another brother Geoffrey and one sister, Constance. Growing up in Rose Bay, Sydney , Hughes was educated at Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview before studying arts and then architecture at the University of Sydney . At university, he associated with the Sydney "Push" – a group of artists, writers, intellectuals and drinkers. Among
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1344-457: Was prime minister of Australia from 2015 to 2018. Born Lucinda Mary Hughes, Turnbull is the daughter of Tom Hughes , a former Attorney-General of Australia . Her great-grandfather was Sir Thomas Hughes , the first Lord Mayor of Sydney. She was educated at Kincoppal-Rose Bay , Frensham School in Mittagong , Sydney Girls High School and the University of Sydney , where she graduated with
1386-497: Was a board member of Melbourne IT and before that a board member of WebCentral Limited. On 26 January 2011, Turnbull was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for her distinguished service to the community, particularly through philanthropic contributions to, and fundraising support for, a range of medical, social welfare, educational, youth and cultural organisations, to local government, and to business. In 2012, Turnbull
1428-576: Was a dinner with Bob Carr and his wife Helena . Hughes and Turnbull were married on 22 March 1980 in Cumnor , Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom by a Church of England priest, despite Turnbull then being Presbyterian and Hughes Roman Catholic . After two miscarriages, Lucy and Malcolm Turnbull had two children, Alex (b. 1982) and Daisy (b. 1985). Malcolm Turnbull was a member of the House of Representatives for Wentworth between 2004 and 2018, representing
1470-488: Was actually a precursor to Stalin ’s Gulag Archipelago." Robert Hughes (critic) Robert Studley Forrest Hughes AO (28 July 1938 – 6 August 2012) was an Australian-born art critic , writer, and producer of television documentaries . He was described in 1997 by Robert Boynton of The New York Times as "the most famous art critic in the world." Hughes earned widespread recognition for his book and television series on modern art , The Shock of
1512-459: Was also survived by two stepsons from his wife's previous marriage, Freeborn Garrettson Jewett IV and Fielder Douglas Jewett; his brothers, Tom and Geoffrey Hughes; a sister, Constance Crisp; and many nieces and nephews. When The Shock of the New was proposed to the BBC, television programmers were sceptical that a journalist could properly follow the aristocratic tone of Kenneth Clark , whose Civilisation had been so successful. The Shock of
1554-575: Was an Australian man who became an internationally well-known art critic, living in Europe and then New York, where he became art critic for Time magazine. Hughes's interest in Australia's convict era began in the early 1970s, when he was filming a TV documentary about the history of Australian art that took him to Port Arthur in Tasmania. The Fatal Shore was originally published in 1986 by Alfred A. Knopf in
1596-660: Was an independent member of the Redfern–Waterloo Authority from its establishment in 2004 until its repeal in December 2011. She is a former board member of the Australian Technology Park, Redfern. From 2004 until 2011, Turnbull served as Deputy Chair of the Committee for Sydney, a think tank for Greater Sydney representing public, private and not-for-profit sectors and focused on the future of the metropolitan city, and chaired it from 2011 until 2015. Turnbull
1638-467: Was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Business by the University of NSW, and in 2016 was appointed adjunct professor at the Faculty of Built Environment, University of NSW. In 2017, she was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Letters from Western Sydney University which she received for her substantial and sustained service and contribution to the University and the Greater Western Sydney region. Turnbull chaired
1680-503: Was born in Sydney, in 1938. His father and paternal grandfather were lawyers. Hughes's father, Geoffrey Forrest Hughes , was a pilot in the First World War , with later careers as a solicitor and company director. He died from lung cancer when Robert was aged 12. His mother was Margaret Eyre Sealy, née Vidal. His elder brother was Australian politician Thomas Eyre Forrest Hughes , the father of former Sydney Lord Mayor Lucy Turnbull ,
1722-652: Was fined A$ 2,500. Hughes recounts the story of the accident and his recovery in the first chapter of his 2006 memoir Things I Didn't Know . In 2001, Hughes wed his third wife, the American artist and art director Doris Downes . "Apart from being a talented painter, she saved my life, my emotional stability, such as it is", he said. After a long illness, reportedly exacerbated by some 50 years of alcohol consumption, Hughes died at Calvary Hospital in The Bronx , New York City, on 6 August 2012, with his wife at his bedside. He
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1764-405: Was trapped in the car for three hours before being airlifted to Perth in critical condition. Hughes was in a coma for five weeks after the crash. In a 2000 court hearing, Hughes's defence barrister alleged that the occupants of the other car had been transporting illicit drugs at the time of the accident and were at fault. In 2003 Hughes pleaded guilty to dangerous driving causing bodily harm and
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