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102-629: Christian eschatology originated with the public life and preaching of Jesus . Throughout the New Testament and some of the early Christian apocryphal writings , Jesus warns his disciples and apostles multiple times of both false prophets and false Messiahs , and believers are frequently adjured to beware of them and stay vigilant. In the Sermon on the Mount ( Matthew 7:15–20 ), Jesus warns his followers of false prophets: The canonical gospels address

204-670: A Great Tribulation and a second coming of Christ in the near future. But they also accept certain past events, such as the rebirth of the State of Israel and the reunification of Jerusalem as prerequisites to them, in a manner which the earlier historicists have done with other dates. Futurists, who do not normally use the day-year principle , interpret the Prophecy of Seventy Weeks in Daniel 9:24 as years, just as historicists do. Most historicists have chosen timelines, from beginning to end, entirely in

306-652: A Nabatean ancestor of the southern Arabs, through Zahran. Al-Qalqashandi reported the Zahran as a descendant of Khalid ibn Nasr, while Ibn Hazm reported Zahran was a descendant of Malik ibn Nasr, a Qahtanite . Hadith narrations record Muhammad as having a favorable view of the Banu Daws, who viewed them on par with his tribe, the Quraysh , the Ansar of Medina , and Banu Thaqif . Abu Hurairah embraced Islam through Tufayl ibn 'Amr ,

408-525: A close association with Premillennialism and Dispensationalism . Idealism (also called the spiritual approach, the allegorical approach, the nonliteral approach, and many other names) in Christian eschatology is an interpretation of the Book of Revelation that sees all of the imagery of the book as symbols . Jacob Taubes writes that idealist eschatology came about as Renaissance thinkers began to doubt that

510-648: A concession of 10,000 dirhams to Abu Hurairah's heirs and commanded Al-Walid to take care of them. In 1274 (673 AH) the Mausoleum of Abu Hurairah was constructed in Yibna , at the order of the Mamluk Sultan Baibars . The mausoleum has been described as "one of the finest domed mausoleums in Palestine ." Following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War , the mausoleum was designated a shrine for Jews dedicated to Gamaliel II by

612-1051: A kitten ' ), was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the most prolific hadith narrator in Sunni Islam . Born in al-Jabur, Arabia to the Banu Daws clan of the Zahran tribe, he was among the first people to accept Islam, and later became a member of the Suffah after the migration of Muhammad . Under the reign of the Rashidun caliph Umar , he also served as a scholar , hadith narrator, military governor of Bahrain , and soldier. Acknowledged by Muslim scholars for his notable photographic memory , he memorized massive numbers of over 5,000 hadiths, which later produced more than 500,000 narrator chains , making him an example followed by Hadith scholars today. Abu Hurairah's personal name ( ism )

714-578: A lesser extent, amillennialism . Postmillennialism holds that Jesus Christ establishes his kingdom on earth through his preaching and redemptive work in the first century and that he equips his church with the gospel, empowers her by the Spirit, and charges her with the Great Commission (Matt 28:19) to disciple all nations. Postmillennialism expects that eventually the vast majority of people living will be saved. Increasing gospel success will gradually produce

816-515: A more complete and coherent interpretation of prophetic passages. Most interpretations fit into one, or a combination, of these approaches. The alternate methods of prophetic interpretation, Futurism and Preterism which came from Jesuit writings, were brought about to oppose the Historicism interpretation which had been used from Biblical times that Reformers used in teaching that the Antichrist

918-612: A narrator. As Abdullah Saeed points out the writing from Abu Rayyah that Caliph Umar bin Khattab is recorded to repeatedly threaten Abu Hurayrah, noted at the time as a blatant self-promoter, with serious consequences due to his frequent misquote of the Prophet's words. However, researchers have found that the Sunni scholarly community unanimously regarded Abu Hurairah as trustworthy both classical medieval and modern contemporaries, and they thought

1020-688: A new prophet or calls him a Prophet after him those all are false prophet. All mainstream Muslim scholars ' perspectives from both Sunni and Shīʿa denominations don't consider the Second Coming of ʿĪsā (Jesus) as the coming of a new prophet, since the Islamic Messiah had already been an existing prophet and will rule by the Quran and sunnah of Muhammad, bringing no new revelation or prophecy. Thawban ibn Kaidad narrated that Muhammad said: "There will be 30 dajjals among my Ummah. Each one will claim that he

1122-482: A rapture of the people of God who are still living, and they will meet Christ at his coming. A thousand years of peace will follow (the millennium), during which Christ will reign and Satan will be imprisoned in the Abyss. Those who hold to this view usually fall into one of the following three categories: Pretribulationists believe that the second coming will be in two stages separated by a seven-year period of tribulation. At

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1224-549: A ruling for the cleansing protocol to manage COVID-19 pandemic Muslim victims dead bodies based on the fatwa verdict of Abu Hurairah when managing dead bodies of plague victims. The same council worked together with Ministry of Health to issue joint formal decrees of the obligation for Hajj pilgrims to undergo Meningitis vaccination, on the basis of their ruling from Hadith of Abu Hurairah. Saleh Al-Fawzan , member of Council of Senior Scholars (Saudi Arabia) and Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta and one of

1326-580: A stray kitten, so he took it in his sleeve, which is the reason he was named Abu Hurairah (father of the kitten). After the hijrah (migration to Medina ), Abu Hurairah became one of the inhabitants of the Suffah . Abu Hurairah stuck closely to Muhammad , and went on expeditions and journeys with him. Abu Hurairah was recorded as having participated in the Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa , which took place in Najd in

1428-467: A time in history prior to Christ's return in which faith, righteousness, peace, and prosperity will prevail in the affairs of men and of nations. After an extensive era of such conditions Jesus Christ will return visibly, bodily, and gloriously, to end history with the general resurrection and the final judgment after which the eternal order follows. Postmillennialism was a dominant theological belief among American Protestants who promoted reform movements in

1530-457: A time of natural and human-made disasters on an awesome scale. Jesus said that at the time of his coming, "There will be great tribulation, such as has not been since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever will be. And unless those days were shortened, no flesh would be saved; but for the elect's sake, those days will be shortened." [Matt 24:21–22] Furthermore, the Messiah 's return and

1632-497: A work on Islamic eschatology . References to Abu Hurairah's narrations can be found in Al-Tabari 's Tafsir al-Tabari , Ibn Kathir 's Tafsir Ibn Kathir , Al-Mahalli and al-Suyuti 's collaborative Tafsir al-Jalalayn , and Al-Qurtubi 's Tafsir al-Qurtubi , all of which are works of tafsīr, or Quranic exegesis . They also refer to Abu Hurairah's ijtihād and the resulting fatāwā as their resources. Abu Hurairah

1734-505: Is Allah's Messenger..." Muhammad also stated that the last of these dajjals would be the Antichrist, Al-Masih ad-Dajjal ( Arabic : دجّال , romanized :  Al-Masīḥ ad-Dajjāl , lit.   'Deceitful Messiah'). The Dajjal is never mentioned in the Quran but he's mentioned and described in the ḥadīth literature . Like in Christianity, the Dajjal is said to emerge out in

1836-552: Is a prophet; but I am the last of the Prophets (Seal of the Prophets), and there will be no Prophet after me." Abu Hurairah narrated that Muhammad said: "The Hour will not be established (1) till two big groups fight each other whereupon there will be a great number of casualties on both sides and they will be following one and the same religious doctrine, (2) till about thirty Dajjals (liars) appear, and each one of them will claim that he

1938-612: Is also discussed by Ignatius of Antioch (c. 35–107 AD) in his epistles , then given more consideration by the Christian apologist, Justin Martyr (c. 100–165). Treatment of eschatology continued in the West in the teachings of Tertullian (c. 160–225), and was given fuller reflection and speculation soon after by Origen (c. 185–254). The word was used first by the Lutheran theologian Abraham Calovius (1612–1686) but only came into general usage in

2040-543: Is another sign that he is not commissioned of YHWH and that the people need not fear the false prophet ( Deuteronomy 18:22 ). The Jewish Koine Greek term pseudoprophetes occurs in the Septuagint ( Jeremiah 6:13 , 33:8-11 , 34:9 , 36:1-8 , Zechariah 13:2 ); Flavius Josephus ( Antiquities of the Jews 8-13-1, 10-7-3, The Jewish War 6-5-2); and Philo of Alexandria ( Specific Laws 3:8). Classical Pagan writers used

2142-411: Is rejected in every branch of Judaism as a failed Jewish Messiah claimant and a false prophet. The Books of Kings records a story where, under duress from Ahab , the prophet Micaiah depicts God as requesting information from his heavenly counsel as to what he should do with a court of false prophets. This depiction is recorded in 1 Kings 22:19–23 : It is possible that Micaiah meant to depict

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2244-592: Is sometimes interpreted as referring to his Second Coming in Matthew 24:27; Matthew 24:37–39; Matthew 26:64; Mark 14:62. Christian eschatology is an ancient branch of study in Christian theology, informed by Biblical texts such as the Olivet Discourse (recorded in Matthew 24–25, Mark 13, and Luke 21), The Sheep and the Goats , and other discourses of end times by Jesus, with the doctrine of the Second Coming discussed by Paul

2346-510: Is the one mentioned in the Book of Revelation . The False Prophet is ultimately cast into the fiery lake with burning sulphur : And the Beast was captured, and with it the false prophet who in its presence had worked the signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the Beast and those who worshiped its image. These two were thrown alive into the lake of fire that burns with sulphur. And

2448-453: Is unknown, and so is his father's. The most popular opinion, voiced by Al-Dhahabi and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani , is that it was 'Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Ṣakhr ( عبد الرحمن بن صخر ). According to Al-Dhahabi, Abu Hurairah hailed from the prominent Banu Daws clan of the Arab tribe of Zahran , and was born in the region of Al-Bahah . Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani traced the lineage of the Banu Daws to Azd ,

2550-846: The madhhab of Abu Hurairah was taken as a guideline for hadith scholars to evaluate the validity of a hadith . Shaykh Mahmud Abu Rayyah (d.1970), the youngest brother of Hassan al-Banna and also the author of Aḍwā alā al-sunna al-Muhammadiyya (Illuminations on the Sunnah of Muḥammad). One of the works he produced was on raising doubts about the reliability of Abu Hurarirah. According to Yasin Jibouri, several Shia scholars such as Ja'far al-Iskafi regarded Abu Hurayra as telling lies. Same goes with Abu Rayyah, independent writer from Egypt who quoted medieval Shia source in his report regarding Abu Hurairah. Certain Shia writers are known for doubting his authority as

2652-469: The Book of Acts , the apostles Paul and Barnabas encountered a false prophet named Elymas Bar-Jesus on the island of Cyprus : This particular story likewise best matches the model found in Deuteronomy . The claim here is that Elymas is trying to turn Sergius Paulus from the true faith, just like the false prophet described in the preceding verses. In these verses, we do not see Elymas prophesying as

2754-556: The Book of Daniel and the Book of Revelation . Their interpretation of Christian eschatology resulted in the founding of the Seventh-day Adventist church . The following approaches arose from the study of Christianity's most central eschatological document, the Book of Revelation , but the principles embodied in them can be applied to all prophecy in the Bible . They are by no means mutually exclusive and are often combined to form

2856-459: The Book of Ezekiel : "Behold, all souls are Mine; The soul of the father as well as the soul of the son is Mine. The soul who sins shall die." (Ezekiel 18:4) This alludes to the Catholic belief in a spiritual state known as Purgatory during which souls not condemned to Hell but not completely pure go through a final process of purification before their full acceptance into Heaven. The Catechism of

2958-525: The Counter-Reformation . Historicism , a type of method of interpretation of biblical prophecies , associates symbols with historical persons, nations or events. It can result in a view of progressive and continuous fulfillment of prophecy covering the period from biblical times to what they view as a possible future Second Coming of Christ. Most Protestant Reformers from the Reformation into

3060-534: The Day of Judgment . At the time of the Second Coming of Christ , the prophet ʿĪsā shall return to defeat and kill al-Masih ad-Dajjal. Muslims believe that both ʿĪsā and the Mahdi will rid the world of wrongdoing, injustice, and tyranny, ensuring peace and tranquility. Eventually, the Dajjal will be killed by the Mahdi and ʿĪsā at the gate of Lud , who upon seeing Dajjal will cause him to slowly dissolve (like salt in water). Jesus

3162-943: The Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Mark . In the Matthew account, Jesus is presented as quoting Daniel explicitly. This verse in the Olivet Discourse also occurs in the Gospel of Luke . Many biblical scholars conclude that Matthew 24:15 and Mark 13:14 are prophecies after the event about the siege of Jerusalem in AD 70 by the Roman general Titus (see Dating of the Gospel of Mark ). Abu Hurairah Abū Hurayra ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ṣakhr al-Dawsī al-Zahrānī ( Arabic : أبُو هُرَيْرَة عَبْد ٱلرَّحْمَٰن بْن صَخْر ٱلدَّوْسِيّ ٱلزَّهْرَانِيّ ; c.  603 –679), commonly known as Abū Hurayra ( Arabic : أبُو هُرَيْرَة ; lit.   ' father of

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3264-544: The Islamic eschatological narrative , the events related to the final battle before the Day of Judgment will proceed in the following order: 11 Hadith also report on the “ Greater Signs ” of the end, which include the appearance of the Antichrist (Dajjal) and the reappearance of the prophet Jesus to join in battle with him at Dabbiq in Syria , as well as the arrival of the Mahdī ,

3366-582: The Kingdom of Heaven had been established on earth, or would be established, but still believed in its establishment. Rather than the Kingdom of Heaven being present in society, it is established subjectively for the individual. F. D. Maurice interpreted the Kingdom of Heaven idealistically as a symbol representing society's general improvement, instead of a physical and political kingdom. Karl Barth interprets eschatology as representing existential truths that bring

3468-641: The Last Judgment , and the New Heaven and New Earth in the world to come . Eschatological passages appear in many places in the Bible, in both the Old and New Testaments. Many extra- biblical examples of eschatological prophecies also exist, as well as extra-biblical ecclesiastical traditions relating to the subject. Eschatology within early Christianity originated with the public life and preaching of Jesus . Jesus

3570-628: The Parousia and to study scripture. Other scholars, however, believe that the New Testament epistles are an exhortation to the early church believers to patiently expect the imminent return of Jesus, predicted by himself on several occasions in the gospels. The First Epistle of Clement , written by Pope Clement I in ca. 95, criticizes those who had doubts about the faith because the Second Coming had, in his view, not yet occurred. Christian eschatology

3672-411: The Second Coming , and Final Judgment ) as being fulfilled in a literal, physical, earthly sense either in the past, present or future, and that to interpret the eschatological portions of the Bible in a historical or future-historical fashion is an erroneous understanding. Others, such as John Walvoord and Tim Lahaye, see these 200 million beings as 200 million demons who are commanded to kill 1/3 of

3774-563: The Six-Day War . His commentary on Daniel 7:25 contains a 1260-year period commencing in 755 AD and ending in 2015. Premillennialism can be divided into two common categories: Historic Premillennialism and Dispensational Premillennialism. Historic Premillennialism is usually associated with post-tribulation "rapture" and does not see a strong distinction between ethnic Israel and the Church. Dispensational Premillennialism can be associated with any of

3876-614: The fatāwā of Abu Hurairah in his book, Fatawa Abu Hurairah . Abu Hurairah was one of the six prominent companions of Muhammad involved in jurisprudential rulings during the Rashidun era , the others being Ali , Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas , Abu Darda , Saʽid al-Khudri , and Abu Shafiah. Abd al-Rahman Jaziri, a professor at Al-Azhar University , has concluded that on certain issues, the four madhahib reached ijmā ' (consensus) on Abu Hurairah's ruling. The four major Sunni madhahib , have all used hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah in major jurisprudential decisions. Muwatta Imam Malik ,

3978-573: The first century AD . Preterism holds that Ancient Israel finds its continuation or fulfillment in the Christian church at the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70 . Historically, preterists and non-preterists have generally agreed that the Jesuit Luis de Alcasar (1554–1613) wrote the first systematic preterist exposition of prophecy, Vestigatio arcani sensus in Apocalypsi (published in 1614), during

4080-659: The hadith collection of the founder of the Maliki madhhab , Malik ibn Anas, contains various hadiths narrated by Abu Hurairah wherein they form the basis for jurisprudential rulings. Bulugh al-Maram , a hadith collection by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani pertaining to the Shafi'i madhhab also contains many hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah. Al-Nawawi 's Al-Arba'ūn an-Nawawiyyah also contain narrations from Abu Hurairah. According to Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymeen in his commentary of Al-Nawawi's Riyāḍ as-Ṣaliḥīn , Abu Hurairah's ijtihad formed

4182-440: The hadith he possessed. Hammam ibn Munabbih (d. 748), another prominent tabi' and disciple of Abu Hurairah compiled the hadith narrated to him by Abu Hurairah in his hadith collection Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih , one of the earliest hadith collections in history. There is little mention of the family of Abu Huraira, but it is known that he had a wife named Basra bint Ghazwan. According to Ahmad ibn Hanbal , after

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4284-477: The "midtrib" position by comparing a passage in Paul's epistles with the book of Revelation. Paul says, "We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed" (1 Cor 15:51–52). Revelation divides the great tribulation into four sets of increasingly catastrophic judgments:

4386-494: The 19th and 20th century such as abolitionism and the Social Gospel . Postmillennialism has become one of the key tenets of a movement known as Christian Reconstructionism . It has been criticized by 20th century religious conservatives as an attempt to immanentize the eschaton . Amillennialism, in Christian eschatology, involves the rejection of the belief that Jesus will have a literal, thousand-year-long, physical reign on

4488-480: The 19th century held historicist views. In Futurism , parallels may be drawn with historical events, but most eschatological prophecies are chiefly referring to events which have not yet been fulfilled, but will take place at the end of the age and the end of the world . Most prophecies will be fulfilled during a time of global chaos known as the Great Tribulation and afterwards. Futurist beliefs usually have

4590-512: The 19th century. The growing modern interest in eschatology is tied to developments in Anglophone Christianity. Puritans in the 18th and 19th centuries were particularly interested in a postmillennial hope which surrounded Christian conversion. This would be contrasted with the growing interest in premillennialism , advocated by dispensational figures such as J. N. Darby . Both of these strands would have significant influences on

4692-721: The Apostle in his epistles , both the authentic and the disputed ones . Other eschatological doctrines can be found in the Epistle of James , the First Epistle of Peter , and the First Epistle of John . According to some scholars, the Second Epistle of Peter explains that God is patient and has not yet brought about the Second Coming of Christ , in order that more people will have the chance to reject evil and find salvation (3:3–9); therefore, it calls on Christians to wait patiently for

4794-642: The Catholic Church (CCC) says: Eastern Orthodoxy and Protestantism do not believe in Purgatory as such, but the Orthodox Church posits a period of continued sanctification after death. While the Eastern Orthodox Church rejects the term purgatory , it acknowledges an intermediate state after death and before final judgment, and offers prayer for the dead . In general, Protestant churches reject

4896-421: The Catholic doctrine of purgatory (although some teach the existence of an intermediate state). The general Protestant view is that the Bible, from which Protestants exclude deuterocanonical books such as 2 Maccabees , contains no overt, explicit discussion of purgatory. There are many passages in the Bible, both Old and New Testaments, which speak of a time of terrible tribulation such as has never been known,

4998-403: The Devil who had deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulphur, where the Beast and the false prophet were, and shall be tormented day and night forever and ever. Another mention of a false prophet in the New Testament is the " antichrist spirit which denies the Son". In the New Testament, the word antichrist (Greek: antikhristos ) appears mainly in the Johannine epistles and in

5100-419: The Earth's population. One interpretation for the ten horns is an alliance of ten nations that work for the Anti-Christ. Expositors of the traditional Protestant interpretation of Revelation known as Historicism have often maintained that Revelation was written in AD 96 and not AD 70 . Edward Bishop Elliott , in the Horae Apocalypticae (1862), argues that John wrote the book in exile on Patmos "at

5202-446: The Gospel message to bring great numbers of converts into the Church in time for the beginning of the Millennium. Postmillennialism is an interpretation of chapter 20 of the Book of Revelation which sees Christ 's second coming as occurring after the " Millennium ", a Messianic Age in which Christian ethics prosper. The term subsumes several similar views of the end times, and it stands in contrast to premillennialism and, to

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5304-671: The Great Mosque of Mecca) Abdur-Rahman al-Mu'allimee al-Yamani , has criticized the sources which O. Hashem quoted only using falsified and inauthentic hadith according to standard of Bukhari, Sahih Muslim , Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani , and Al-Dhahabi criterion of biography evaluation, while also questioning O. Hashim scholarly credibility as they though O. Hashem were driven by Shiite biased view on his critics. While Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymeen dismissing such criticism towards Abu Hurairah which came from Shia traditions as he said they are simply "a collection of error traditions". According to Burhanuddin from Indonesia's Ministry of Religious Affairs ,

5406-569: The Israeli government, although neither Abu Hurairah nor Gamaliel II are likely to have been buried in the tomb. The hadith reported by Abu Hurairah are diverse, being used by Islamic scholars specializing in hadith , ' aqīdah , fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), ijtihād , tafsīr (Quranic exegesis), and Islamic eschatology . In his Kitab al-Iman , a book on ' aqīdah , Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 1328) uses hadith narrations from Abu Hurairah to study tawḥīd . Ibn Kathir uses Abu Hurairah's narrations in Al-Nihāyah fī al-Fitan wa al-Malaḥim,

5508-405: The Last Hour will not come until 30 dajjals will appear and the final one will be the One-eyed False Messiah." Anas ibn Malik narrated that Muhammad said: There is never a prophet who has not warned the Ummah of that one-eyed liar; behold he is one-eyed and your Lord is not one-eyed. On his forehead are the letters k f. r. (Kafir). Dajjal is blind of one eye and there is written between his eyes

5610-438: The Rapture will take place at the halfway point of the seven-year tribulation, i.e. after 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 years. It coincides with the "abomination of desolation"—a desecration of the temple where the Antichrist puts an end to the Jewish sacrifices, sets up his own image in the temple, and demands that he be worshiped as God. This event begins the second, most intense part of the tribulation. Some interpreters find support for

5712-457: The Seven Seals, the Seven Trumpets, the Seven Thunders (Rev 10:1–4) and the Seven Bowls, in that order. If the "last trumpet" of Paul is equated with the last trumpet of Revelation and the revelation of the scroll of the Seven Thunders, the Rapture would be in the middle of the Tribulation. (Not all interpreters agree with this literal interpretation of the chronology of Revelation, however.) Posttribulationists hold that Christ will not return until

5814-410: The afterlife in Judea during the first century AD. The Sadducees , who recognized only the Torah (the first five books of the Old Testament) as authoritative, did not believe in an afterlife or any resurrection of the dead. The Pharisees , who accepted the Torah as well as additional scriptures , believed in the resurrection of the dead ; it is known to have been a major point of contention between

5916-933: The allegation of the hadith falsification by Abu Hurairah were coming solely from Shia traditions, which not found in Kutub al-Sittah and other major Hadith works, as medieval scholars such as Dhahabi said that the criticism towards Abu Hurairah are not accepted even during the early times of Islam for several reasons, including because those who criticise Abu Hurairah themselves are known as Mudallis (defected or untrustworthy narrators) according to Jarh wa Ta'dil (biographical evaluation study) and Asbab wurud (chronological study of Hadith). Which generally agreed by later era counterparts, which further adds that Jarh wa Ta'dil rulings only valid to evaluate Tabi'un or generations above them, while Sahabah generation are free and exempt from Jarh wa Ta'dil and accepted without exception, as long they are confirmed and identified by chroniclers as Sahabah. Safia Aoude and Ali al-Tamimi also highlighted,

6018-543: The basis for Al-Nawawi's rulings of wudu . Bilal Philips , a Salafi preacher from Canada who was known for his preaching activity to three thousand US army veteran of the first Gulf War after the successful victory of Saudi-US coalition, also listed several quotations from Abu Hurairah in his earlier work, Salvation Through of Repentance , regarding various matters of Islamic teaching, included Qadr Night and Friday prayers. Meanwhile, Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia) and Indonesian Ulema Council has issued

6120-533: The beginning of the tribulation, true Christians will rise to meet the Lord in the air (the Rapture). Then follows a seven-year period of suffering in which the Antichrist will conquer the world and persecute those who refuse to worship him. At the end of this period, Christ returns to defeat the Antichrist and establish the age of peace. This position is supported by a scripture which says, "God did not appoint us to wrath, but to obtain salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ." [1 Thess 5:9] Midtribulationists believe that

6222-406: The chieftain of his tribe in 629, 7AH. Tufayl had returned to his village after meeting Muhammad in Mecca and converting to Islam in its early years. Abu Hurairah was one of the first to accept Islam from his tribe, unlike the majority of Tufayl's tribesmen who embraced Islam later. Abu Hurairah accompanied Tufayl to Madina to meet Muhammad who renamed him Abdurrahman. It was said that he found

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6324-407: The close of the reign of Domitian; that is near the end of the year 95 or beginning of 96". He notes that Domitian was assassinated in September 96. Elliot begins his lengthy review of historical evidence by quoting Irenaeus , a disciple of Polycarp . Polycarp was a disciple of the Apostle John. Irenaeus mentions that the Apocalypse was seen "no very long time ago [but] almost in our own age, toward

6426-525: The death of Muhammad, Abu Hurairah participated in the Ridda Wars under the first Rashidun caliph , Abu Bakr . After Abu Bakr's death, during Umar 's reign, Abu Hurairah actively participated in the Muslim conquest of Persia . Later, he became governor of Bahrayn. During this time, Abu Hurairah is noted to have become wealthy, amassing close to 10,000 gold dinars through breeding horses and spoils of war , which he brought to Medina. This raised Umar's suspicion, who accused him of corruption. Abu Hurairah

6528-414: The doctrine of the "last things", especially the Second Coming of Christ, or Parousia. The word eschatology derives from two Greek roots meaning "last" ( ἔσχατος ) and "study" (- λογία ) – involves the study of "end things", whether of the end of an individual life, of the end of the age, of the end of the world , or of the nature of the Kingdom of God . Broadly speaking, Christian eschatology focuses on

6630-433: The early Umayyad era , Abu Hurairah was tasked with assessing the authenticity of the hadith circulated within the caliphate. Abu Hurairah died in the year 679 (59 AH) at the age of 76 and was buried at al-Baqi' . His funeral prayer was led by Al-Walid ibn Utba , who was the governor of Medina, and was attended by Abd Allah ibn Umar and Abu Sa'id al Khudri . Al-Walid wrote to Mu'awiya I about his death, who made

6732-439: The earth. This rejection contrasts with premillennial and some postmillennial interpretations of chapter 20 of the Book of Revelation . The amillennial view regards the "thousand years" mentioned in Revelation 20 as a symbolic number, not as a literal description; amillennialists hold that the millennium has already begun and is identical with the current church age . Amillennialism holds that while Christ's reign during

6834-404: The east, although the specific location varies among the various sources. The Dajjal will imitate the miracles performed by ʿĪsā (Jesus), such as healing the sick and raising the dead, the latter done with the aid of demons ( Shayāṭīn ). He will deceive many people, such as weavers, magicians, half-castes, and children of prostitutes, but the majority of his followers will be Jews . According to

6936-417: The elite, commerce, materialism, and imperialism. Various Christian anarchists , such as Jacques Ellul , have identified the State and political power as the Beast. Other scholars identify the Beast with the Roman empire of the first century AD, but recognize that the Beast may have significance beyond its identification with Rome. For example, Craig R. Koester says "the vision [of the beast] speaks to

7038-423: The end of the reign of Domitian". Other historicists have seen no significance in the date that Revelation was written, and have even held to an early date while Kenneth L. Gentry Jr., makes an exegetical and historical argument for the pre-AD 70 composition of Revelation. The division between these interpretations can be somewhat blurred. Most futurists are expecting a rapture of the Church, an antichrist ,

7140-414: The fact that there is no "year zero" between BC and AD dates. For example, the year following 1 BC is 1 AD. Thus his calculations should have required an additional year, ending in 1967. He was not anticipating a literal regathering of the Jewish people prior to the second coming of Christ. But the date is of special significance to futurists since it is the year of Jerusalem's capture by Israeli forces during

7242-407: The false prophets as a test from YHWH. It is also possible that it was meant as a slur on Ahab's prophets, such as Zedekiah, the son of Chenaanah. The penalty for false prophecy, including speaking in the name of a god other than YHWH or speaking presumptuously in YHWH's name, is death ( Deuteronomy 18:20 ). Likewise, if a prophet makes a prophecy in the name of YHWH that does not come to pass, that

7344-502: The flood came and took them all away, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be. Paul echoes this theme, saying, "For when they say, 'Peace and safety!' then sudden destruction comes upon them." The abomination of desolation (or desolating sacrilege) is a term found in the Hebrew Bible , in the book of Daniel . The term is used by Jesus Christ in the Olivet Discourse , according to both

7446-518: The growing interests in eschatology in Christian missions and in Christianity in West Africa and Asia . However, in the 20th century, there would be a growing number of German scholars such as Jürgen Moltmann and Wolfhart Pannenberg who would likewise be interested in eschatology. In the 1800s, a group of Christian theologians inclusive of Ellen G. White , William Miller and Joseph Bates began to study eschatological implications revealed in

7548-529: The healthiest and most authentic asnād of narrators beginning at Abu Hurairah were: According to Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi , Ali ibn al-Madini (d. 849) considered the most authentic chain that begin with Abu Hurairah as being Abu Hurairah → Ibn Sirin → Ayyub al-Sakhtiani → Hammad ibn Zaid . According to Ahmad Muhammad Shakir (d. 1958), a hadith scholar from Al-Azhar University , the most authentic asnād that came from Abu Hurayrah were: According to Al-Albani in his book, Silsalat al-Hadith ad-Da'ifah,

7650-400: The imperial context in which Revelation was composed, but it does so with images that go beyond that context, depicting the powers at work in the world in ways that continue to engage readers of subsequent generations." And his comments on the whore of Babylon are more to the point: "The whore [of Babylon] is Rome, yet more than Rome." It "is the Roman imperial world, which in turn represents

7752-508: The individual hope, rather than history or future-history. Barth's ideas provided fuel for the Social Gospel philosophy in America, which saw social change not as performing "required" good works , but because the individuals involved felt that Christians could not simply ignore society's problems with future dreams. Different authors have suggested that the Beast represents various social injustices, such as exploitation of workers , wealth,

7854-682: The millennium is spiritual in nature, at the end of the church age, Christ will return in final judgment and establish a permanent reign in the new heaven and new earth. Many proponents dislike the name "amillennialism" because it emphasizes their differences with premillennialism rather than their beliefs about the millennium. "Amillennial" was actually coined in a pejorative way by those who hold premillennial views. Some proponents also prefer alternate terms such as nunc-millennialism (that is, now-millennialism) or realized millennialism , although these other names have achieved only limited acceptance and usage. There were different schools of thought on

7956-419: The most senior scholar has listed most of his thoughts regarding Fiqh jurisprudence based on hadiths narrated by Abu Hurairah. Abu Hurairah is credited with narrating at least 5,374 hadith . Abu Hurairah continued collecting hadith after the death of Muhammad from Abu Bakr , Umar , Aisha , Fadl ibn Abbas , Usama ibn Zayd , Ubayy ibn Ka'b , and Ka'b al-Ahbar . It is said by Abu Hurairah himself

8058-454: The narration of Umar threatening Abu Hurairaha, which quoted by Abdullah Saeed, were also came solely from a writer which influenced by Abu Rayyah, Particularly from anonymous writer who has pen name "O. Hashem" who write his criticism towards Abu Hurairah in his book, Saqifah . Several Sunni thinkers and scholars such as has been Mustafa al-Siba'i , Shuaib Al Arna'ut , along with director of Maktabah al-Haram al-Makki ash-Shariff (Library of

8160-619: The only one who surpassed him regarding hadith were Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As , another companion who serve as writer assistant of Muhammad and author of " Al-Sahifah al-Sadiqah ", the first Hadith book in history. However, according to his own admission, Abu Hurairah said that Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn al-As possessed a greater number of narrations than himself, since Abd Allah diligently wrote every hadith he heard, while Abu Hurairah relied on his extraordinary memory. Muhammad Sa'id Mursi recorded around 800 companions of Muhammad and tabi'un who learnt hadith from Abu Hurairah. According to

8262-430: The other side, has pointed out that Abu Rayyah critic towards Abu Hurairah were flawed according to the main principles of Biographical evaluation traditions and accusing Abu Rayyah relying on single source of 12th AD twelver Shia scholar, Allamah Al-Hilli . Furthermore, the case of accusation of Abu Hurairah were nullified according to Badri, as Badri reasons it is impossible if Umar does not trust Abu Hurairah, while on

8364-513: The past, but some, such as Adam Clarke , have timelines which also commenced with specific past events, but require a future fulfillment. In his commentary on Daniel 8:14 published in 1831, he stated that the 2,300-year period should be calculated from 334 BC, the year Alexander the Great began his conquest of the Persian Empire. His calculation resulted in the year 1966. He seems to have overlooked

8466-444: The phrase to promoters of the global warming hypothesis; however, by 2005 Bailey had changed his mind, writing "Anyone still holding onto the idea that there is no global warming ought to hang it up." Christian eschatology —  Events  — —  Figures  — —  Events and terms  — —  Events  — Christian eschatology is a minor branch of study within Christian theology which deals with

8568-546: The plural, denoting those who deny and/or don't believe in the messianship of Jesus. A similar term, pseudochrist (Greek: pseudokhristos , meaning "false messiah"), is used by Jesus in the Gospels. These terms seem to refer to a category of people rather than a single individual. The Quran states that Muhammad is the " Seal of the Prophets " and Last and Final of the Prophets, which is understood by mainstream Sunni to mean that anyone who claims and recognised by people him as

8670-693: The records from Ibn Hajar and ad-Dhahabi, Abu Hurairah fellow Sahabah and Tabi'un who narrated hadiths from him were Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab , Ibn Abbas , Jabir ibn Abd Allah , Anas ibn Malik , Said ibn al-Musayyib , Urwah ibn Zubayr , Amr ibn Dinar , Ibn Sirin , Ata ibn Abi Rabah , Isa ibn Talha al-Taymi , Hammam ibn Munabbih , Hasan al-Basri , Tawus ibn Kaysan , Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr , among others. According to Ali Ahmad as-Salus, Abu Hurairah possessed more asnād ( sing. sanad , Arabic : سَنَد , lit.   'chain') than Ibn Abbas , Aisha , Abd Allah ibn Umar , and Abdullah ibn Masud . According to Al-Dhahabi ,

8772-521: The same point of a false prophet predicting correctly, and Jesus predicted the future appearance of false Christs and false prophets, affirming that they can perform great signs and miracles, for example, in the Olivet Discourse given on the Mount of Olives : In the Gospel of Luke , Jesus brought out an ethical application for his disciples using the analogy of false prophets in the Old Testament: In

8874-524: The scholars observation from Siba'i, Abdul Mun'im Shalih Al-'Ali, Dhiya'urrahman Al A'Dzamy, Muhammad Abu Syahbah, Shalahuddin Maqbul Ahmad, and Abdullah ibn Abdil Aziz An-Nashir, has found out the reason Abu Rayyah, has such inorganized method in his writing were because the background of Abu Rayyah though not came from proper academic learning, instead he was just influenced by the writings of Goldziher . Badri Khairuman from Kalijaga Islamic University, on

8976-406: The soul goes to an intermediate place where it will live consciously until the resurrection of the dead. By "soul", Seventh-day Adventist theologians mean the physical person ( monism ), and that no component of human nature survives death. Therefore, each human will be "recreated" at resurrection. One scripture frequently used to substantiate the assertion that souls experience mortality is found in

9078-521: The term pseudomantis . The term false prophet is sometimes applied outside religious usage, to describe promoters of scientific, medical, or political theories which the author of the phrase thinks are false. Paul Offit 's 2008 book Autism's False Prophets applied the phrase to promoters of unproven theories and therapies such as the unsupported relationship between thiomersal and vaccines and chelation therapy . Ronald Bailey 's 1993 book Ecoscam: The False Prophets of Ecological Apocalypse applied

9180-428: The term is popularly understood, so the model seems to fit this scenario best. The Second Epistle of Peter makes a comparison between false teachers and false prophets and how the former will bring in false teachings, just like the false prophets of old: The First Epistle of John warns those of the Christian faith to test every spirit because of these false prophets: The most well-known New Testament false prophet

9282-433: The three rapture views but is often associated with a pretribulation rapture. Dispensationalism also sees a stronger distinction between ethnic Israel and the Church. Premillennialism usually posits that Christ's second coming will inaugurate a literal thousand-year earthly kingdom. Christ's return will coincide with a time of great tribulation. At this time, there will be a resurrection of the people of God who have died, and

9384-405: The tribulation that accompanies it will come at a time when people are not expecting it: Of that day and hour no-one knows; no, not even the angels of heaven, but My Father only. But as the days of Noah were, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be. For as in the days before the flood, they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noah entered the ark, until

9486-467: The two groups. The Pharisees based their belief on Biblical passages such as Daniel 12:2 which says: "Multitudes who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake: some to everlasting life, others to shame and everlasting contempt." Some traditions (notably, the Seventh-day Adventists ) teach that the soul sleeps after death and will not awaken until the resurrection of the dead . Others believe

9588-453: The ultimate destiny of individual souls and of the entire created order , based primarily upon biblical texts within the Old and New Testaments . Christian eschatology looks to study and discuss matters such as death and the afterlife , Heaven and Hell , the Second Coming of Jesus , the resurrection of the dead , the rapture , the tribulation , millennialism , the end of the world ,

9690-427: The very end of the seven-year tribulation period. Christians, rather than being raptured at the beginning of the tribulation, or halfway through, will live through it and suffer for their faith during the ascendancy of the Antichrist. Proponents of this position believe that the presence of believers during the tribulation is necessary for a final evangelistic effort during a time when external conditions will combine with

9792-501: The word" Kafir". He then spelled the word as k. f. r., which every Muslim would be able to read. Imam Mahdi ( Arabic : ٱلْمَهْدِيّ , romanized :  al-Mahdī , meaning "the rightly guided one") is the redeemer according to Islam. Just like the Dajjal, the Mahdi is never mentioned in the Quran but his description can be found in the ḥadīth literature; according to the Islamic eschatological narrative, he will appear on Earth before

9894-411: The world alienated from God." As Stephen Smalley puts it, the beast represents "the powers of evil which lie behind the kingdoms of this world, and which encourage in society, at any moment in history, compromise with the truth and opposition to the justice and mercy of God." It is distinct from Preterism , Futurism and Historicism in that it does not see any of the prophecies (except in some cases

9996-732: The year 4 AH or 5 AH. The consensus of Muslim scholars considers Abu Hurairah's military career as having begun after the Battle of Khaybar , after which he was present in the Battle of Mu'tah , during the Conquest of Mecca , at Hunayn , and in the Expedition of Tabuk . Later, Abu Hurairah was sent as a muezzin to al-Ala al-Hadhrami in Bahrayn . Abu Hurairah was father-in-law of the prominent tabi' ( pl.   tabi'un ) Said ibn al-Musayyib (d. 715), who confessed that he had married Abu Hurairah's daughter in order to get closer with her father and learn

10098-584: The “guided one.” As another hadith attributed to Alī ibn Abī Talib puts it, “Most of the Dajjal’s followers are Jews and children of fornication ; the Dajjal will be killed in Syria, at a pass called the Pass of Afiq, after three hours are gone from the day, at the hand of Jesus". Samra ibn Jundab reported that once Muhammad, while delivering a ceremonial speech at an occasion of a solar eclipse , said: "Verily by Allah,

10200-568: Was among the few companions of Muhammad who issued jurisprudential rulings or fatāwā ( sing. fatwa ), and he was personally requested by his contemporary companion Ibn Abbas to do so. As the Sunni madhahib ( sing. madhhab , schools of jurisprudence) were structurally based on the rulings or narrations from companions of Muhammad, the ruling jurisprudence for the four main Sunni madhahib heavily relied on Abu Hurairah's fatāwā and his numerous narrations. Taqi al-Din al-Subki compiled

10302-424: Was later found innocent and Umar asked him again to govern Bahrayn once again, an offer he turned down. After leaving the governorship, Abu Hurairah returned to Medina and worked as a qadi (judge), issuing fatāwā ( sing. fatwa ). Abu Hurairah was one of the defenders of the third Rashidun caliph, Uthman , during his assassination . Abu Hurairah continued to work as mufti after Uthman's death. In

10404-567: Was the Papacy or the power of the Roman Catholic Church . Preterism is a Christian eschatological view that interprets some (partial preterism) or all (full preterism) prophecies of the Bible as events which have already happened. This school of thought interprets the Book of Daniel as referring to events that happened from the 7th century BC until the first century AD, while seeing the prophecies of Revelation as events that happened in

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