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18-549: Alejandro Lanusse none (de facto regime) Héctor Cámpora Justicialist Party The first Argentine general election of 1973 was held on 11 March. Voters chose both the President and their legislators. The 1966 coup d'état against the moderate President Arturo Illia was carried out largely as a reaction to Illia's decision to honor local and legislative elections in which Peronists , officially banned from political activity following

36-519: A counter-weight to the left-leaning Cámpora, Perón had the Justicialist Liberation Front (FREJULI) nominate for Vice President Popular Conservative leader Vicente Solano Lima , a newspaper publisher respected across most of Argentina's vastly diverse political spectrum. Given little time to campaign by the calculating Lanusse (who fielded his own candidate, Brigadier General Ezequiel Martínez, for his ad hoc Federal Republican Alliance),

54-774: A month-long stay, he secured the endorsement of prominent figures such as former President Arturo Frondizi of the Integration and Development Movement , Jorge Abelardo Ramos of the Popular Leftist Front (FIP), Popular Conservative Alberto Fonrouge , Christian Democrat Carlos Imbaud, and other, mainly provincial parties. These diverse parties signed on to an umbrella ticket, led by the Justicialist Party and Perón's personal representative in Argentina, Héctor Cámpora . Partly in recognition for their support and to provide

72-599: A split in the Socialist Party in 1958, ran on his Democratic Socialist slate - refusing (as the traditional Socialists had done) to endorse the Popular Revolutionary Alliance headed by former Governor Oscar Alende (the runner-up in the 1963 election). The March 11 polls went smoothly and the FREJULI, which needed 50% of the total to avoid a runoff as per Lanusse's agreement, garnered 49.53%. Realizing that

90-514: The Regimiento de Granaderos a Caballo (Regiment of Horse Grenadiers, presidential escort unit). In 1951, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for his part in an attempted coup to overthrow Juan Perón . He was released in 1955 with the Revolución Libertadora , a military uprising which ousted General Perón and set up a military dictatorship which was in power from 1955 to 1958. In 1956, he

108-677: The 1963 elections . In 1972 he founded the Intransigent Party, the military having banned the use of the name UCRI. He stood once again for president in 1973 on behalf of the Popular Revolutionary Alliance. After the return of democracy in 1983 , Alende became president of the Intransigent Party and stood again for president. He was re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1985, and served in that capacity until his death in 1996. This article about an Argentine politician

126-508: The Argentine Chamber of Deputies , serving until its dissolution in 1955. Alende had joined the breakaway Intransigent Radical Civic Union (UCRI). In 1958 he was elected Governor of Buenos Aires Province and served until 1962. Alende became the leader of the UCRI following the 1962 overthrow of President Arturo Frondizi (who broke with the party), and stood as UCRI candidate for president in

144-735: The Montoneros (a Peronist guerrilla movement) for the return of the corpse of Evita ( Eva Duarte de Perón), Juan Domingo Perón 's second wife whose body had been hidden by the "Revolución Libertadora". On 22 August 1971, several imprisoned guerrillas attempted to escape from the Naval Base of Rawson in Patagonia , and were executed without trial in the Trelew massacre . In March 1973, presidential elections were held, and won by Hector Cámpora . In 1985, Lanusse published his autobiography and criticized

162-762: The University of Buenos Aires in 1933. He became head of gastro-intestinal surgery at Rawson Hospital, and a member of the Argentine Surgical Academy. He was co-founder of the Argentine Committee of Assistance to Republican Spain . In 1948 Alende became a provincial legislator in Buenos Aires Province for the Radical Civic Union (UCR), heading the UCR block from 1950. In 1952 he became a deputy in

180-621: The FREJULI was only less than 0,5% short of the agreed threshold, plus having a 28% margin over the runners-up (the UCR), the seasoned Balbín to petition President Lanusse for a waiver of the rule, something he granted, making the FREJULI alliance the winners of the March 11, 1973, election and paving the way for the definitive return of Juan Perón, whom Lanusse, many years later, would admit to being his "life's obsession." Alejandro Lanusse Alejandro Agustín Lanusse Gelly (28 August 1918 – 26 August 1996)

198-542: The human rights violations that took place during the Dirty War , including the state murder of his cousin, diplomat Elena Holmberg . He was placed under house arrest in 1994 for criticizing president Carlos Menem in a magazine interview. Oscar Alende Alende was born in Maipú , Buenos Aires Province . He studied medicine at the University of La Plata , where he led the student union, and completed his medical studies at

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216-524: The much-touted event as the "Great National Asado," instead. A year later, President Lanusse made the much-anticipated announcement: elections would be held, nationally, on March 11, 1973. Retaliating for Perón's unequivocal rejection of the 1971 accords, Lanusse limited the field of candidates to those residing in Argentina as of August 25, 1972 - a clear denial of the aging Perón the right to run on his own party's ticket (the likely winners). Perón did return to Argentina, however, on November 17, when, during

234-474: The nation's myriad parties jockeyed for alliances and rushed to name candidates. The main opposition, the centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR), put forth their 1958 nominee, former Congressman Ricardo Balbín (head of the party's more conservative wing). Hoping to carry the mantle of those supporting Lanusse, Social Policy Minister Francisco Manrique ran on the Federalist ticket and Américo Ghioldi , who had led

252-565: The solution to the multiple conflicts was to end the proscription of Peronism and to decree a political opening that allowed a transition towards democracy. He was born as Alejandro Agustín Lanusse Gelly on 28 August 1918, in Buenos Aires to Luis Gustavo Lanusse Justo and Albertina Gelly Cantilo. A graduate of the Army Academy ( Colegio Militar de la Nación , class of 1938), he served in different Cavalry units before becoming commander of

270-478: The violent overthrow of President Juan Perón in 1955, did well. Five years later, however, President Alejandro Lanusse found himself heading an unpopular junta, saddled by increasing political violence and an economic wind-down from the prosperous 1960s. Seizing the initiative, he gathered leaders from across the nation's political and intellectual spectrum for a July 1971 asado , a time-honored Argentine custom as much about camaraderie as about steak. The result

288-442: Was Lanusse's "Great National Agreement," a road map to the return to democratic rule, including Peronists (the first such concession the military had made since Perón's 1955 exile). The agreement, however, bore little resemblance to what had been discussed and, instead, proposed virtual veto power for the armed forces over most future domestic and foreign policy. This patently unacceptable condition led most political figures to dismiss

306-941: Was designated Ambassador to the Holy See . In 1960, he became assistant director of the Superior Military School and later Commander of the First Armored Cavalry Division. In 1962, he took part in the overthrowing of president Arturo Frondizi , and, in 1966, supported General Juan Carlos Onganía in the ousting of president Arturo Illia . In 1968, he became Commander-in-Chief of the Argentine Army . Lanusse became president of Argentina in 1971. During his administration he established diplomatic relations with China and continuously faced political unrest, with an increase in guerrilla activity. Many political opponents were jailed, and Lanusse decided to negotiate with

324-481: Was the de facto president of the Argentine Republic between 22 March 1971 and 25 May 1973, during the military dictatorship of the country called the " Argentine Revolution ". On 26 March 1971, Lanusse assumed the presidency in a totally unfavorable political climate. Guerrilla violence grew, popular discontent also, the continuity of the military government became difficult to sustain. Lanusse evaluated that

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