The Final FRCA is a postgraduate examination in anaesthesia , more fully called the Final Examination of the Diploma of Fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists .
60-537: Trainee anaesthetists in the United Kingdom are required to pass this examination during ST3-5 (6 months through ST5), otherwise training may be delayed or stopped. The examination is open to intermediate and higher trainees in anaesthesia, those working in approved training posts, those who have recently left an approved training post, and other doctors on approval of the Royal College of Anaesthetists who have passed
120-528: A Written Ministerial Statement in the Justice section entitled 'Health Care Workers, Social Workers and Social Care Workers' in which he said: I have today laid before Parliament a Command Paper, "Enabling Excellence-Autonomy and Accountability for Healthcare Workers, Social Workers and Social Care Workers" (Cm 8008) setting out the Government's proposals for how the system for regulating health care workers across
180-450: A medical malpractice lawsuit ). The outcomes of hearings are made available on the GMC website. Historically the handling of concerns had two streams: one regarding health, the other about conduct or ability, but these streams have been merged, into a single fitness-to-practice process. The GMC has powers to issue advice or warnings to doctors, accept undertakings from them, or refer them to
240-462: A career in medicine until the point that they retire. The merger, which took effect on 1 April 2010, was welcomed by both PMETB and the GMC. A registered medical practitioner may be referred to the GMC if there are doubts about their fitness to practise. The GMC is concerned with ensuring that doctors are safe to practise . Its role is not, for example, to fine doctors or to compensate patients following problems (compensation might be addressed through
300-467: A court of law any charge rendered for medical advice, attendance or surgery unless he is registered. Section 47 provides that only those registered can act as physicians, surgeons or medical officers in any NHS hospital, prison, in the armed forces or other public institutions. Section 48 invalidates certificates, such as sick notes or prescriptions, if signed by someone who is unregistered. Section 49 imposes penalties via criminal offences for pretending to be
360-489: A fitness-to-practise panel. The GMC's fitness-to-practise panels can accept undertakings from a doctor, issue warnings, impose conditions on a doctor's practice, suspend a doctor, or remove them from the medical register (when they are said to be 'struck off'). It has been repeatedly established that the GMC's fitness to practise processes disproportionately affects non-white doctors. Black and ethnic minority doctors are complained about more, investigated more frequently, issued
420-462: A medical emergency to alert other road users to their presence and intentions. They can also make a doctor's car more visible if they have stopped at an accident scene. They do not confer exemptions to road traffic legislations. Since 2001, the GMC's fitness-to-practise decisions have been subject to review by the Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence (CHRE), which may vary sentences. The GMC
480-526: A period of work in the UK. Limited registration was abolished on 19 October 2007 and now international medical graduates can apply for provisional or full registration depending on their level of experience – they still have to meet the GMC's requirement for knowledge and skills and for English language. The form and content of the register is specified in The General Medical Council (Form and Content of
540-553: A prepared series of clinical data, followed by 40 minutes of questioning; the second (basic science) consists of 30 minutes of questioning. The examination is now staged into two distinct, separable components. The written paper must be passed prior to attempting the Structured Oral Examination (SOE). In the written paper, the marks from the short answer questions paper and the multiple choice questions and single-best answer questions are considered together. This part of
600-527: A registered medical practitioner. Through which, by an Order in the Privy Council , the GMC describes "The main objective of the General Council in exercising their functions is to protect, promote and maintain the health and safety of the public". The GMC is funded by annual fees required from those wishing to remain registered and fees for examinations. Fees for registration have risen significantly in
660-476: A ruling on the 18th of June 2021 by a UK court for the first time found the GMC guilty of racial discrimination in its disciplinary procedures. The mortality and morbidity among doctors going through GMC procedures has attracted attention. In 2003/4 between 4 and 5% of doctors undergoing fitness to practice scrutiny died. In response to a request for information in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act 2000 ,
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#1732851183307720-509: A single organization. A forthcoming reform to medical registration is the introduction of revalidation of doctors, more similar to the periodic process common in American states, in which the professional is expected to prove his or her professional development and skills. Revalidation is scheduled to start in 2012. On 16 February 2011, the Secretary of State for Health , Andrew Lansley , made
780-516: A warning on "over-regulation" Dr Clare Gerada , a former chair of the Royal College of General Practitioners , commented: We already spend up to one billion pounds regulating doctors. We are one of the most over-regulated professions around and there will always be people who fall through. If we pile on more and more regulation, we will never win. Following the suicide of Professor John E Davies from Guy's Hospital, London , HM Senior Coroner for
840-596: A week. At the end of each day of SOE examinations, Successful candidates are listed on a board in the lobby of the college by RCoA reference number. Approximately half of all candidates pass the examination at each sitting. Negative marking (the deduction of a point for an incorrect answer) has been removed from the Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) component of the examination from the October 2008 sitting. From October 2010, some MCQ questions will be set according to
900-486: Is a public body that maintains the official register of medical practitioners within the United Kingdom . Its chief responsibility is to "protect, promote and maintain the health and safety of the public" by controlling entry to the register, and suspending or removing members when necessary. It also sets the standards for medical schools in the UK. Membership of the register confers substantial privileges under Part VI of
960-644: Is also accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom through the Health Select Committee . In its first report on the GMC, the Committee described the GMC as "a high-performing medical regulator", but called for some changes to fitness-to-practice rules and practices, including allowing the GMC the right to appeal sentences of its panels. In the 2000s, the GMC implemented wide-ranging reforms of its organisation and procedures. In part, such moves followed
1020-429: Is committed only when such a person deliberately and falsely represents himself as being a registered practitioner or as having a medical qualification. The rationale of the criminal law is that people should be free to opt for any form of advice or treatment, however bizarre... Registration with the GMC confers a number of privileges and duties. GMC registration may be either provisional or full. Provisional registration
1080-516: Is granted to those who have completed medical school and enter their first year (F1) of medical training; this may be converted into full registration upon satisfactory completion of the first year of postgraduate training. In the past, a third type of registration ("limited registration") was granted to doctors who had graduated outside the UK and who had completed the Professional and Linguistic Assessment Board examination but who were yet to complete
1140-465: Is in contrast with the position in respect of animals, where it is a criminal offence under the Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 for someone who is not a registered veterinary surgeon (or in certain more limited circumstances a registered veterinary nurse) to provide treatment (save in an emergency) to an animal they do not own. Parliament , since the enactment of the 1858 Act, has conferred on
1200-521: The Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence was created instead to share best practice. Sir Liam said the CHRE had been "reasonably successful" but it would be "worth looking at the possibility of a merger" between the GMC and NMC. Concern has resulted from several studies that suggest that the GMC's handling of complaints appears to differ depending on race or overseas qualifications, but it has been argued that this might be due to indirect factors. However
1260-597: The MCQ element is £305 with the OSCE and Viva Voce exams costing £555 for both. Applicants are allowed up to six attempts at each component of the Primary FRCA. The Primary FRCA examination syllabus covers: The examination takes the form of a Multiple Choice Question paper and, for candidates successful in this, an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and Viva Voce (oral) examination. Successful Candidates are informed
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#17328511833071320-629: The United Kingdom are required to pass this examination before applying for Higher Specialist Training (a Specialist Registrar post) in Anaesthesia. With the introduction of MMC in August 2007, the Primary FRCA will become a requirement for application to Specialist Training Year 3, known generally as ST3. Any medically trained person registered with the General Medical Council (GMC) with at least one year of specialist RCoA training. The cost of
1380-606: The primary FRCA or an equivalent exempting qualification within the last seven years. There are a maximum of six attempts at this examination, and there is a robust system in place to support candidates in the UK training system before they get to this point. The exam takes the form of a written Short-Answer Question (SAQ) paper (3 hours, 12 questions), and a Multiple-Choice Question (MCQ) paper (3 hours, 60 five stem questions covering medicine, surgery, intensive care, pain and basic sciences and 30 Single Best Answer clinical questions) which can be attempted at several regional centres in
1440-409: The "single best answer" format. The tone of the examination is predominantly clinical. The syllabus is extensive and covers all aspects of clinical anaesthetic practice. In addition, the entire syllabus of the Primary FRCA examination (which is predominantly basic science) is included. Those who pass the examination are admitted as Fellows of the Royal College of Anaesthetists, and are entitled to use
1500-412: The GMC and I had clear-cut evidence that I was innocent but they withheld evidence during my fitness-to-practice tribunal in 2018. It is a landmark victory and the first time it has ever been done against the GMC. They basically look at your name and where you are from and they decide the case beforehand based on that — it is pretty shocking, to be honest. My background was the only difference between me and
1560-496: The GMC is responsible for a licensing and revalidation system for all practising doctors in the UK, separate from the registration system, since 3 December 2012. Due to the principle of autonomy and law of consent there is no legislative restriction on who can treat patients or provide medical or health-related services. In other words, it is not a criminal offence to provide what would be considered medical assistance or treatment to another person – and not just in an emergency. This
1620-721: The GMC powers to grant various legal benefits and responsibilities to those medical practitioners who are registered with the GMC - a public body and association, as described, of the Medical Act 1983 , by Mr Justice Burnett in British Medical Association v General Medical Council. Registration brings with it the privileges, as they are described, set out in Part 6 of the Act. In reality, they comprise prohibitions for all those not registered. Section 46 prohibits any person from recovering in
1680-506: The GMC revealed that 68 doctors had died recently whilst undergoing a fitness to practice investigation, In an internal report, "Doctors Who Commit Suicide While Under GMC Fitness to Practise Investigation", the GMC identified 114 doctors, with a median age of 45, who had died during the previous nine years, and had an open and disclosed GMC case at the time of death, and in which 28 had committed (24) or attempted (4) suicide and recommended 'emotional resilience' training for doctors. In
1740-450: The General Council in exercising their functions is to protect, promote and maintain the health and safety of the public." Secondly, the GMC regulates and sets the standards for medical schools in the UK , and liaises with other nations' medical and university regulatory bodies over medical schools overseas, leading to some qualifications being mutually recognised. Since 2010, it has also regulated postgraduate medical education. Thirdly,
1800-601: The Government will revisit the issue of consolidating the sector into a more cost-effective configuration. Sir Liam Donaldson , a former chief medical officer had recently told the Mid Staffordshire Foundation Trust public inquiry that he had been involved in discussions about the Nursing and Midwifery Council merging with the General Medical Council, but proponents had "backed off" from the idea and
1860-539: The Medical Act 1983. It is a criminal offence to make a false claim of membership. The GMC is supported by fees paid by its members, and it became a registered charity in 2001. The Medical Act 1858 established the General Council of Medical Education and Registration of the United Kingdom as a statutory body. Initially its members were elected by the members of the profession, and enjoyed widespread confidence from
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1920-546: The Register) Regulations 2015. Details recorded include name, address, date of qualification, gender, date of birth, photograph, fitness to practice history, restrictions and whether or not they hold a licence to practice. Not all details on the register are made available to the general public. The GMC administers the Professional and Linguistic Assessment Board test (PLAB), which has to be sat by non- European Union overseas doctors before they may practise medicine in
1980-666: The Royal College of Surgeons, the forerunner of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. The following are similar qualifications to the FRCA. They are not necessarily equivalent or interchangeable: Primary FRCA The Primary FRCA is a postgraduate examination in anaesthesia , more fully called the Primary Examination of the Diploma of Fellowship of the British Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCoA). Trainee anaesthetists in
2040-623: The Shipman killings . They followed a direction set by the UK government in its white paper , Trust, Assurance and Safety. In 2001, freemasonry was added to the register of interests of council members that the GMC published. One of the key changes was to reduce the size of the Council itself, and changing its composition to an equal number of medical and lay members, rather than the majority being doctors. Legislation passed in December 2002 allowed changes in
2100-533: The Tooke Report which advised that the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board should be assimilated into the GMC. Whilst recognising the achievements made by PMETB, Professor John Tooke concluded that regulation needed to be combined into one body; that there should be one organisation that looked after what he called 'the continuum of medical education', from the moment someone chooses
2160-643: The UK (such as Edinburgh, Belfast, Birmingham, Cardiff, Manchester and London). Candidates who pass both the MCQ and the SAQ are invited to the Structured Oral Examination (SOE) (" Viva voce "), in Churchill House, London , the headquarters of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. The SOE component of the examination consists of two structured oral examinations: the first (clinical) consists of 10 minutes to review
2220-523: The UK as a registered doctor. A registered practitioner found to have committed some offences can be removed from ("struck off") the medical register. The GMC is now empowered to license and regularly revalidate the practice of doctors in the UK. When the licensing scheme was introduced in 2009, 13,500 (6.1%) of registered doctors chose not to be licensed. Unlicensed but registered doctors are likely to be non-practising lecturers, managers, or practising overseas, or retired. Whereas all registered doctors in
2280-415: The UK is subject to revalidation. However, unlicensed but registered doctors in the UK are still subject to fitness-to-practice proceedings, and required to follow the GMC's good medical practice guidance. The GMC sets standards of professional and ethical conduct that doctors in the UK are required to follow. The main guidance that the GMC provides for doctors is called Good Medical Practice. This outlines
2340-465: The UK were offered a one-off automatic practise licence in November 2009, since December 2012 no licence will be automatically revalidated, but will be subject to a revalidation process every five years. No doctor may now be registered for the first time without also being issued a licence to practice, although a licensed doctor may give up their licence if they choose. No unlicensed but registered doctor in
2400-526: The United Kingdom and social workers in England should be reformed. Within the Command Paper :- Should any regulators wish to propose mergers with other regulatory bodies to reduce costs as part of this work, the Government will view these proposals sympathetically. If the sector itself is unable to identify and secure significant cost reductions over the next three years, and contain registration fees, then
2460-400: The age of 18, end-of-life care, and conflicts of interest. The GMC regulates medical education and training in the United Kingdom. It runs 'quality assurance' programmes for UK medical schools and postgraduate deaneries to ensure that the necessary standards and outcomes are achieved. In February 2008 the then Secretary of State for Health , Alan Johnson , agreed with recommendations of
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2520-546: The area wrote to Niall Dickson with her Regulation 28: Report to Prevent Future Deaths: This is the second death of a doctor that has come before me over the last 2 years where a GMC investigation into the doctor's practice has been found to play a part. Academics at King's College London researched the effects of increased regulatory transparency on the medical profession and found significant unintended consequences . As doctors reacted anxiously to regulation and media headlines, they practised more defensively. The GMC
2580-542: The composition of the Council from the following year, with the number of members reducing from 104 to 35, increasing the proportion of lay members. In July 2011, the GMC accepted further changes that would separate its presentation of fitness-to-practise cases from their adjudication, which would become the responsibility of a new body, the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service . The GMC had previously been criticised for combining these two roles in
2640-476: The examination can now be passed independently, leaving the candidate to attempt the SOE without the need to resit the written paper. The marks from the written paper are no longer considered when attempting the SOE. To pass the examination, the written paper must be passed in full, followed by an independent pass of the structured oral examination (known commonly as the viva) The SOE examinations are usually held over
2700-468: The examination is marked as follows: To pass the examination overall, the minimum mark is 37 out of 48 (maximum of 2 per question, 12 questions, 2 examiners) . Completion of this exam, in conjunction with at least 12 months of specialist training in the UK, leads to the award of the post-nominal letters MRCA . Usage is restricted to those no longer in a Specialty Training post. General Medical Council The General Medical Council ( GMC )
2760-497: The granting of charitable status the GMC obtained tax relief backdated to 1 April 1994. Charities pay no more than 20% of normal business rates on the buildings they use and occupy. The GMC received confirmation of 80% business rates relief effective from April 1995. As of 2014 , the accounts submitted by the GMC to the Charity Commission showed an income of £97 million, spending of £101M with reserves of £68M. The GMC
2820-521: The guy who was let off and he was my main comparison throughout this whole case. He was white and I have a Muslim name and I'm mixed race. Unfortunately, with the NHS, there is an undercurrent of hidden racism and, sadly, it is rife throughout the system, right up to the regulator". Gaining registration with the GMC (whether provisional or full) also allows the registrant to fit and utilise green flashing lights to their car. Such lights can be used when attending
2880-406: The hearing, Dr Karim said: "Right from the outset, the GMC saw me as a guilty black doctor and withheld evidence that could have proven my innocence. Dr Karim described being wrongly accused of bullying was "pretty devastating". He said: "You feel as though everything has collapsed and is falling apart. When you've done nothing, you realise people can be so vindictive. I was discriminated against by
2940-492: The last few years: 2007 fees = £290, 2008 fees = £390, 2009 fees = £410, 2010 fees = £420, 2011 fees = £420, with a 50% discount for doctors earning under £32,000. In 2011, following the Command Paper "Enabling Excellence-Autonomy and Accountability for Healthcare Workers, Social Workers and Social Care Workers", registration fees were reduced by the GMC in accordance with the Government's strategy for reforming and simplifying
3000-461: The most severe punishment more frequently, and are least represented in all aspects of governance in the GMC. On 18 June 2021, the GMC, for the first time in its history was found guilty of racial discrimination against a non white doctor by a UK court. A ruling from Reading employment tribunal found that the GMC had discriminated against Dr Karim a consultant urologist based on his race by continuing an investigation into him when it did not investigate
3060-636: The postnominal "FRCA" after their name. Fellowship may also be bestowed by election from the Council of the College. A ceremony is held annually in London at which new fellows are formally admitted. "Diplomates" are invited to attend, but are admitted as fellows whether or not they do so. Before the College bestowed its own fellowships, anaesthetists were awarded the FFARCS: Fellowship of the Faculty of Anaesthetists of
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#17328511833073120-530: The profession. All the GMC's functions derive from a statutory requirement for the establishment and maintenance of a register, which is the definitive list of doctors as provisionally or fully "registered medical practitioners", within the public sector in Britain. The GMC controls entry to the List of Registered Medical Practitioners ("the medical register"). The Medical Act 1983 (amended) notes that, "The main objective of
3180-490: The replacement of a duty to, "Act without delay if you have good reason to believe that you or a colleague may be putting patients at risk," to a new duty to, "Take prompt action if you think that patient safety, dignity or comfort is being compromised". Alongside the guidance booklet are a range of explanatory guidelines, including a new one about the use of social media. The GMC also provides additional guidance for doctors on specific ethical topics, such as treating patients under
3240-406: The same allegation against a white doctor. The tribunal heard Dr Karim was an internationally renowned urologist of mixed black African and European descent who had been a whistle blower in a case about surgeons performing operations without appropriate training. Following the GMC investigation, Dr Karim attended a fitness-to-practice hearing in 2018, after which he was cleared of any wrongdoing. After
3300-457: The same day, after the OSCE and Viva exams. The examination is held three times a year, with the MCQ being held in regional centres around the UK (e.g. London, Edinburgh, Birmingham, Belfast and Sheffield) and the OSCE/Viva being held at Churchill House, the College headquarters in London. Only those candidates who clearly pass the MCQ are invited to participate in the OSCE/Viva. Each quarter of
3360-399: The standard of professional conduct that the public expects from its doctors and provides principles that underpin the GMC's fitness-to-practise decisions. Originally written in 1995, a revised edition came into force in November 2006, and another with effect from 22 April 2013. The content of Good Medical Practice has been rearranged into four domains of duties. Their most significant change is
3420-475: The system for regulating healthcare workers in the UK and social workers and social care workers in England and requiring that "[A]t a time of pay restraint in both the public and private sectors, the burden of fees on individual registrants needs to be minimised." The GMC maintains a register of medical practitioners. However, no law expressly prohibits any unregistered or unqualified person from practicing most types of medicine or even surgery. A criminal offence
3480-467: The then Chief Medical Officer , published a report titled Good doctors, safer patients , which appeared in 2006. Donaldson echoed concerns about GMC FTP procedures and other functions of the Council. In his view, complaints were dealt with in a haphazard manner, the GMC caused distress to doctors over trivial complaints while tolerating poor practice in other cases. He accused the Council of being "secretive, tolerant of sub-standard practice and dominated by
3540-402: Was most heavily criticised by Dame Janet Smith as part of her inquiry into the issues arising from the case of Dr Harold Shipman . "Expediency," says Dame Janet, "replaced principle." Dame Janet maintained that the GMC failed to deal properly with Fitness to Practise (FTP) cases, particularly involving established and respected doctors. In response to the Shipman report, Sir Liam Donaldson ,
3600-466: Was registered as a charity with the Charity Commission of England and Wales on 9 November 2001. The Commissioners having considered the court and the Commission's jurisdiction to consider an organisation's status, which had previously been considered by the courts, in issues of charitable status. Charities do not normally have to pay income tax or corporation tax, capital gains tax or stamp duty. Following
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