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40-639: Eyemouth is a small town and civil parish in Berwickshire , in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland . It is two miles (three kilometres) east of the main north–south A1 road and eight miles (thirteen kilometres) north of Berwick-upon-Tweed . The town's name comes from its location at the mouth of the Eye Water . The Berwickshire coastline consists of high cliffs over deep clear water with sandy coves and picturesque harbours. A fishing port , Eyemouth holds

80-399: A deep water extension to the harbour. Eyemouth Harbour caters for most types of fishery activity and as a result Eyemouth's primary industry has seen a certain amount of rejuvenation. A pontoon has been installed in the harbour to provide ease of boarding for seafarers. Volunteers for Her Majesty's Coastguard and the seagoing RNLI lifeboat are called out by the firing of maroons , one for

120-569: A higher tensile strength for his iron chains. One of his homes was close to the Brighton project, at 48 Marine Parade, now known as Chain Pier House. In 1827, Brown purchased Netherbyres, a country house near Eyemouth in Berwickshire , south-east Scotland. He had the existing house demolished and a new house built (c.1836), which he later sold on 5 March 1852, days before his death. On 14 August 1822 Brown married Mary Horne from Edinburgh. Brown

160-590: A holiday park. Fort Point at Eyemouth was the site of the first trace-italienne -style fortification in Britain, built on a spur or peninsula overlooking the existing harbour during the war known as the Rough Wooing . Building commenced in 1547 by the English military engineer Sir Richard Lee (1513–1575), and it cost £1,906. Some of the stone was brought from a demolished tower at Dunglass Castle, East Lothian and timber

200-692: A larger works (a nail works previously operated by William Crawshay Brown), establishing the Newbridge Chain & Anchor Works (Pontypridd) at Ynysangharad, beside the Glamorganshire Canal , in Pontypridd , south Wales , close to large reserves of iron and coal . His firm went on to supply all the chain to the Royal Navy until 1916, and made the chains for Brunel 's SS  Great Eastern , famously photographed by Robert Howlett . He took out

240-583: A minimum depth of 3 feet to a maximum depth of 10 feet. Other places of interest nearby include the fortifications of Berwick-upon-Tweed also designed by Sir Richard Lee , and its military museum, Paxton House , the Union Bridge and the Chain Bridge Honey Farm, and scores of quiet country roads skirting the Cheviot Hills , frequently snow-capped in winter. Many visitors pause on their journey on

280-503: A patent for chain-making in 1816, and patented wrought iron chain links suitable for a suspension bridge in 1817. In the same year, others built Dryburgh Bridge , the first chain-supported bridge in Britain. Brown had been experimenting with a chain-supported suspension bridge already, building a 32m span test structure in 1813. "When he was thinking about how to build a bridge across the River Tweed, Sir Samuel Brown stopped while observing

320-634: A spider's web. Right at this time he discovered the suspension bridge." —Charles Bender, 1868. Brown was also invited to participate in abortive proposals for a suspension bridge at Runcorn . In September 1818, he submitted drawings for Union Bridge over the River Tweed , which was completed in 1820 and survives. Brown went on to build several further chain bridges, as well as the Trinity Chain Pier in Newhaven, Edinburgh (opened in 1821 and destroyed in

360-483: A storm in 1898) and the Chain Pier at Brighton (1823–1896). Most of his designs used an unstiffened bridge deck, before it became clear that this form was vulnerable to wind forces and unstable under concentrated loads . His designs were reviewed by eminent engineers including John Rennie and Thomas Telford , and generally approved. Brown's designs were significantly less conservative than his contemporaries, adopting

400-617: A yearly Herring Queen Festival . Notable buildings in the town include Gunsgreen House and a cemetery watch-house built to stand guard against the Resurrectionists (body snatchers). Many of the features of a traditional fishing village are preserved in the narrow streets and " vennels ". Eyemouth is not far from the small villages of Ayton , Reston , St Abbs , Coldingham , and Burnmouth , all in Berwickshire . The coast offers opportunities for birdwatching, walking, fishing and diving. Accommodation includes several hotels, B&Bs and

440-458: Is a sanitary peculiarity of such towns. The population of Eyemouth is in keeping with the outward appearance of the place. As a whole, they are rough, uncultivated, and more drunken in their habits than the fishermen of the neighbouring villages. Coldingham Shore , for instance, is only three miles distant, and has a population of about one hundred fishermen, of a very respectable class, sober and well dressed, and "well to do." – The Fisher Folk of

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480-473: Is led by a Chairman and has 12 members, including an Honorary Provost . Three representatives of Scottish Borders Council attend monthly public meetings in order to take on board and act upon feedback from the community councillors, who serve as a voice of the people of the town. Eyemouth Town Community Council (a Scottish Community Council ), meets on the last Monday of the month (except in December) at 7.00pm in

520-667: The Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) used to administer schemes within the Common Agricultural Policy . According to the website of the General Register Office for Scotland , there are now 871 civil parishes. Civil parish boundaries originally corresponded with the ecclesiastical parishes of the Church of Scotland . As parishes used for religious functions diverged from civil parishes,

560-490: The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 , with powers being transferred to county councils in landward areas of counties and burgh councils where they were within a burgh. Their boundaries continued to be used to define some of the local authorities created by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and they continue to be used for census purposes. They are used as part of the coding system for agricultural holdings under

600-578: The Peerage of Scotland in 1682. This was the first of his peerage titles. The A1 road , the main Edinburgh – Newcastle route, puts the town within commuting distance of Edinburgh. Eyemouth railway station served the town until it was closed in 1962. The nearest railway station is Reston railway station , The 253 operated Borders Buses stops at Reston railway station Eyemouth Public School, in Albert Road,

640-588: The River Tweed , Still in use today. Netherbyres House was bought by Sir Christopher Furness, 2nd Bt. in 1928, and was donated to Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Society for charitable use by his second son, Colonel Simon Furness, the Vice Lord Lieutenant for Berwickshire , who now occupies a house overlooking the walled garden. Hero William Spears (1812–1885), is celebrated by the dramatic bronze statue in Eyemouth Market Place, where he stands pointing

680-936: The A1 to photograph their arrival in Scotland or their departure to England at the border crossing. Though the border has significance to many visitors, most residents of Eyemouth consider themselves Scottish rather than British. Nearby the border is a nature trail through the mysteriously named 'Conundrum' Farm. Typical Border towns and villages, such as Kelso , Grantshouse , Abbey St Bathans , Cove , Cockburnspath (pronounced 'coburnspath' or 'copath' by locals), Cornhill , Wooler , Morpeth , Alnmouth and Alnwick are all within easy reach for day trips from Eyemouth. Near Chirnside stood Ninewells House, since demolished, where Scottish Enlightenment philosopher David Hume spent much of his life. Rev. Daniel McIver, An old-time fishing town – Eyemouth , John Menzies, 1906. Peter Aitchison, Children of

720-622: The Coastguard and two for the Lifeboat. There is a boatyard which carries out works to fishing and commercial vessels. The new harbour and fish market has toilets and showers which are available to visiting seamen – contact the Eyemouth Harbour Harbourmaster. The visitor centre explains the methods of fishing, the types of nets and the vessels used and examples of the equipment of a typical fishing boat are displayed. Visitors can see

760-501: The Eye Water near Ayton. The plan was never carried out. From 1891 until 1962, the town was served by a short branch railway line that ran from Burnmouth on the present-day East Coast Main Line . The line was forced to close from August 1948 to June 1949 after being damaged by the flooding of the Eye Water . John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough was created Lord Churchill of Eyemouth in

800-578: The Scottish East Coast, "Macmillian's Magazine" No.36 October 1862. In the late 18th century, with the arrival of a group of Dutch engineers in the town, a survey was undertaken for a canal linking Eyemouth to Duns. The plan would have involved damming the Whiteadder Water at Chirnside thus diverting the course of the Whiteadder Water through the low-lying area known as Billiemire to join

840-651: The Sea: The Story of the People of Eyemouth , Tuckwell Press Ltd, 2001. Republished ?2007 as Black Friday . (The author is a descendant of William Spears.) Cave dive sites: Civil parishes in Scotland Civil parishes gained legal functions in 1845 when parochial boards were established to administer the poor law . Their local government functions were abolished in 1930 with their powers transferred to county or burgh councils. Since 1975, they have been superseded as

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880-477: The border with England. New fortifications were built at Berwick in response. However, the new work at Eyemouth, which perhaps was never completed, was scheduled for demolition under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis in 1559. French garrisons remained in Scotland at Dunbar Castle , Inchkeith , and at Leith . Traces of the ramparts are still to be seen. Eyemouth fell within the feudal barony of Coldingham, possessed until

920-506: The boundaries of Houndlaw and also in Eyemouth. Netherbyres was for at least 250 years held by the Craw (originally Auchincraw) family. "George Craw of Netherbyre" was "deceased" by July 1614 when his son William came into possession of that property and Reidhall, "with the walk mill" extending to 12 husbandlands (312 acres (126 hectares)). A later William Craw, who had a passion for mathematics, built

960-451: The burgh was termed the landward area. Until 1891 some parishes lay in more than one county . In that year, under the terms of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 , the boundaries of most of the civil parishes and counties were realigned so that each parish was wholly within a single county. In 1894 the parochial boards were replaced by more democratically elected parish councils. Parish councils were in turn abolished in 1930, under

1000-804: The capture of the French frigate Didon . The following year he was appointed to HMS  Imperieuse , followed by periods of service aboard HMS  Flore and HMS  Ulysses . During his service, he carried out tests on wrought iron chain cables, using them as rigging for HMS  Penelope in 1806 on a voyage to the West Indies . This so impressed the Admiralty that on his return in 1808 it immediately ordered four vessels of war to be fitted with chain cables. In 1808 Brown took out patents for twisted open chain links, joining shackles and swivels. His shackle and swivel designs were scarcely improved on for

1040-529: The community centre, minutes of the meetings being displayed on their website, on two notice boards in the town and also in the Berwickshire News. The wide sandy bay is flanked by high cliffs. Despite being sheltered by Hurkur Rocks, storms can generate high waves and throw high plumes of spume into the air over the sea wall. It is named "The Bantry ", said to be in affectionate memory of the Irish labourers from

1080-551: The early 17th century by Coldingham Priory, after which it passed to the Home family , who had held lands in that barony since at least the 15th century. All landowners (portioners) within the barony held their properties either by hereditary feu or by a term-renewable, occasionally hereditary, tack ( Scots word for a lease) from the barony. The lands between the southern banks of the Eye Water consisted of three estates: Gunsgreen, immediately opposite Eyemouth and Netherbyres, once part of

1120-531: The first 'modern' harbour at Eyemouth and, in 1715, the elliptical walled garden, the latter almost certainly unique in the world. The Netherbyres House we see today was commenced about 1835 for Captain Sir Samuel Brown , R.N., who had the patent and monopoly for the supply of anchor chain to the Royal Navy. He later went on to design and patent chain suspension piers and bridges, including the Union Bridge over

1160-592: The fishing fleet, some 20 boats and 129 men from the town, were lost in a terrible storm. Including victims from other coastal towns, a total of 189 men lost their lives. This is commemorated in the Eyemouth Tapestry Housed in the Museum. A contemporary article offers an interesting insight into Eyemouth in the 1860s: "Between St Abbs Head and Berwick, however is situated Eyemouth, a fishing village pure and simple, with all that wonderful filth scattered about which

1200-516: The fishing town of that name in County Cork who constructed it. The 18 hole golf course and clubhouse have sea views and a restaurant which is open to the public. Divers can visit to the St Abbs and Eyemouth Voluntary Marine Reserve. Eyemouth also has a leisure centre consisting of a gym, a studio, a sauna and two swimming pools, one small with a maximum depth of less than 3 feet and a big pool with

1240-593: The former became known as quoad sacra parishes . Since 1975, Scotland has been divided into community council areas which are often similar to civil parishes in their boundaries. These community council are not equivalent to English parish councils and Welsh community councils and do not have legal powers of their own but in some cases local authorities have a legal obligation to consult them. Samuel Brown (Royal Navy officer) Captain Sir Samuel Brown of Netherbyres KH FRSE (1776 – 13 March 1852)

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1280-410: The larger lands of Flemington which stretched all the way to Lamberton . At the beginning of the 17th century Gunsgreen estate was possessed by Alexander Lauder of Gunsgreen, a great-great-grandson of Sir Robert Lauder of The Bass (d.1508). On 17 January 1629, Alexander Lauder of Gunsgreen, acting as bailie for Sir David Home of Wedderburn , gave a sasine to Andrew Gray in Eyemouth, of some land on

1320-401: The local relay transmitter. Eyemouth's local radio stations are BBC Radio Scotland on 94.1 FM and Greatest Hits Radio Scottish Borders and North Northumberland on 103.4 FM. The Border Telegraph and Southern Reporter are the town's local newspapers. In 1997, Eyemouth was given EU funding from a scheme to regenerate declining fishing villages and raised matching funds itself to construct

1360-421: The market in action in the early mornings from a viewing platform. Boats are available for hire for sea fishing, sightseeing and diving in one of the few marine reserves in Britain. The Eyemouth pale is a cold-smoked haddock, distinct from varieties such as Finnan haddock by its lighter, golden hue, and subtler smoked flavour, achieved by a shorter smoking time. The elected Eyemouth Town Community Council

1400-671: The next 100 years. By 1811, he was promoted to commander (in 1842 he accepted the rank of retired captain), and his chains were introduced to hold ships' anchors . He retired from the Navy in May 1812. Just four years later, the Royal Navy standardized on iron chain instead of hemp for all new vessels of war. He established a company (known as Samuel Brown & Co and also Brown Lenox & Co ) with his cousin Samuel Lenox, based initially at Millwall in east London from 1812 and then, from 1816 at

1440-400: The smallest unit of local administration in Scotland by community councils . Civil parishes in Scotland can be dated from 1845, when parochial boards were established to administer the poor law . While they originally corresponded to the parishes of the Church of Scotland , the number and boundaries of parishes soon diverged. Where a parish contained a burgh , the area of the parish outside

1480-473: The way to Ayton, the scene of his peaceful demonstration. Spears led a revolt against the tithes on fish levied by the Church of Scotland , even after the great Disruption of 1843 when most fishermen left the established Church to join other congregations. Very soon after the cost of getting the tithes removed had been met, the town was struck by the Eyemouth Disaster when, on 14 October 1881, most of

1520-689: Was an early pioneer of chain design and manufacture and of suspension bridge design and construction. He is best known for the Union Bridge of 1820, the first vehicular suspension bridge in Britain. Brown was born in London, the son of William Brown of Borland, Galloway , Scotland and Charlotte Hogg. He joined the Royal Navy in 1795, serving initially on the Newfoundland and North Sea stations. He served as lieutenant on HMS  Royal Sovereign (1803) and in 1805 joined HMS  Phoenix as first lieutenant. During his service on Phoenix he took part in

1560-682: Was built in 1876, designed by the architect William Gray Junior. Children attend Eyemouth Primary School, after which they attend Eyemouth High School. There is a further education training centre in the town. Northumberland College in Berwick-upon-Tweed is eight miles (13 km) away, and full-time further and higher education courses are offered at Borders College and Heriot-Watt University's textiles campus in Galashiels . Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Scotland and ITV Border . Television signals are received from

1600-563: Was taken from Coldingham Priory . The fort was demolished under the Treaty of Boulogne in 1551. A larger and more complex fort was built in 1557 by d'Oisel and probably the Italian military engineer Lorenzo Pomarelli for the Regent of Scotland, Mary of Guise , when at war with England. The new fortress could hold some 500 French troops, and may have been intended as a staging post to securely store munitions and artillery near Berwick-upon-Tweed and

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