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33-578: In the Ewing System the main wheels of the train run on a single steel rail. The system had been proposed in 1868 by William Thorold , a civil engineer from Norwich , Norfolk . The major benefit of trains is that they run on steel tracks. Steel rail can carry more load with less rolling friction than any other mode of ground transport. However there are several disadvantages of laying conventional railway tracks consisting of two rails: Both rails have to rise and fall and bank together. Laying two rails requires

66-420: A lot of space and maintenance. The turning radius of the train is restricted by the difference in length or distance traveled between the inside and outside rails due to curve resistance . Curve resistance means that the wheels on the inside rail travel a shorter distance than the wheels on the outside rail to get the vehicle around a curve. The trains can only turn to the limit where its outer wheels can cope with

99-488: A professional body, ICE aims to support and promote professional learning (both to students and existing practitioners), managing professional ethics and safeguarding the status of engineers, and representing the interests of the profession in dealings with government, etc. It sets standards for membership of the body; works with industry and academia to progress engineering standards and advises on education and training curricula. The late 18th century and early 19th century saw

132-739: Is now also published by ICE Publishing. ICE Science currently consists of five journals: Nanomaterials and Energy , Emerging Materials Research , Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials , Green Materials and Surface Innovations . Nineteen individual parts now make up the Proceedings, as follows: ICE members, except for students, also receive the New Civil Engineer magazine (published weekly from 1995 to 2017 by Emap , now published monthly by Metropolis International ). The ICE also administers 15 Specialist Knowledge Societies created at different times to support special interest groups within

165-544: The Chartered Environmentalist (CEnv) professional qualification. The Institution of Civil Engineers also publishes technical studies covering research and best practice in civil engineering. Under its commercial arm, Thomas Telford Ltd, it delivers training, recruitment, publishing and contract services, such as the NEC Engineering and Construction Contract . All the profits of Thomas Telford Ltd go back to

198-581: The Institution of Civil Engineers sometime before 1845, being member number 321. He was also involved in drainage schemes at Ten Mile Bank, Hilgay and Middle Level, Kings Lynn in the early 1860s. In 1868, he presented a paper titled "Railways on Turnpike Roads" to the British Association , proposing a monorail system that could be laid at ground level, and able to negotiate curves of 20 feet radius and gradients of 1 in 12. The proposed motive power

231-643: The Institution to further its stated aim of putting civil engineers at the heart of society. The publishing division has existed since 1836 and is today called ICE Publishing . ICE Publishing produces roughly 30 books a year, including the ICE Manuals series, and 30 civil engineering journals, including the ICE Proceedings in nineteen parts, Géotechnique , and the Magazine of Concrete Research . The ICE Science series

264-561: The Kendal Coffee House in Fleet Street . The institution made little headway until a key step was taken – the appointment of Thomas Telford as the first President of the body. Greatly respected within the profession and blessed with numerous contacts across the industry and in government circles, he was instrumental in drumming up membership and getting a Royal Charter for ICE in 1828. This official recognition helped establish ICE as

297-504: The President in 2023. In January 1969 the Council of the Institution set up a working party to consider the role of women in engineering. Among its conclusions were that 'while women have certainly established their competence throughout the professional engineering field, there is clearly a built-in or unconscious prejudice against them'. The WISE Campaign (Women into Science and Engineering)

330-661: The St James' Yarn Mill, Norwich in 1836. Thorold was the contractor who built the Acle Straight between Acle and Great Yarmouth in 1830–31. He also cut the New Cut of the River Yare at Thorpe St Andrew in 1843 which enabled the Norwich and Yarmouth Railway to avoid the expense and inconvenience of building and operating two swing bridges . William Thorold was elected as a Member of

363-690: The United Kingdom. Membership grades include: ICE is a licensed body of the Engineering Council and can award the Chartered Engineer (CEng), Incorporated Engineer (IEng) and Engineering Technician (EngTech) professional qualifications. Members who are Chartered Engineers can use the protected title Chartered Civil Engineer. ICE is also licensed by the Society for the Environment to award

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396-568: The United Kingdom. Based in London, ICE has over 92,000 members, of whom three-quarters are located in the UK, while the rest are located in more than 150 other countries. The ICE aims to support the civil engineering profession by offering professional qualification, promoting education, maintaining professional ethics, and liaising with industry, academia and government. Under its commercial arm, it delivers training, recruitment, publishing and contract services. As

429-432: The additional required speed. If the outer wheels fail to maintain or reach the required speed, the train may derail. W.J. Ewing implemented a monorail system, with only one rail and double flanged rail wheels, that had been proposed by William Thorold in a lecture to the British Association in 1868. This system avoided all those problems, since it was laid out along the side of a road, it took up very little land. Further,

462-480: The art of navigation by artificial power, for the purposes of commerce; and in the construction and adaptation of machinery, and in the drainage of cities and towns. After Telford's death in 1834, the organisation moved into premises in Great George Street in the heart of Westminster in 1839, and began to publish learned papers on engineering topics. Its members, notably William Cubitt , were also prominent in

495-483: The civil engineering industry, some of which are British sections of international and/or European bodies. The societies provide continuing professional development and assist in the transfer of knowledge concerning specialist areas of engineering. The Specialist Knowledge Societies are: The institution is governed by the ICE Trustee Board, comprising the President, three Vice Presidents, four members elected from

528-474: The end of the 19th century, ICE had introduced examinations for professional engineering qualifications to help ensure and maintain high standards among its members – a role it continues today. The ICE's Great George Street headquarters, designed by James Miller , was built by John Mowlem & Co and completed in 1911. The institution is a membership organisation comprising 95,460 members worldwide (as of 31 December 2022); around three-quarters are located in

561-624: The founding of many learned societies and professional bodies (for example, the Royal Society and the Law Society ). Groups calling themselves civil engineers had been meeting for some years from the late 18th century, notably the Society of Civil Engineers formed in 1771 by John Smeaton (renamed the Smeatonian Society after his death). At that time, formal engineering in Britain was limited to

594-463: The membership, three ICE Council members, and one nominated member. The President is the public face of the institution and day-to-day management is the responsibility of the Director General. The ICE President is elected annually and the holder for 2024–2025 is Jim Hall . Each year a number of young engineers have been chosen as President's apprentices. The scheme was started in 2005 during

627-639: The military engineers of the Corps of Royal Engineers , and in the spirit of self-help prevalent at the time and to provide a focus for the fledgling 'civilian engineers', the Institution of Civil Engineers was founded as the world's first professional engineering body. The initiative to found the Institution was taken in 1818 by eight young engineers, Henry Robinson Palmer (23), William Maudslay (23), Thomas Maudslay (26), James Jones (28), Charles Collinge (26), John Lethbridge, James Ashwell (19) and Joshua Field (32), who held an inaugural meeting on 2 January 1818, at

660-489: The organisation of the Great Exhibition of 1851 . For 29 years ICE provided the forum for engineers practising in all the disciplines recognised today. Mechanical engineer and tool-maker Henry Maudslay was an early member and Joseph Whitworth presented one of the earliest papers – it was not until 1847 that the Institution of Mechanical Engineers was established (with George Stephenson as its first President). By

693-433: The post (he was vice-president from 1850). The first woman member of ICE was Dorothy Donaldson Buchanan in 1927. The first female Fellows elected were Molly Fergusson (1957), Marie Lindley (1972), Helen Stone (1991) and Joanna Kennedy (1992). The three female Presidents (to date) are Jean Venables , who became the 144th holder of the office in 2008, Rachel Skinner , who became President in 2020, and Anusha Shah,

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726-526: The pre-eminent organisation for engineers of all disciplines. Early definitions of a Civil Engineer can be found in the discussions held on 2 January 1818 and in the application for Royal Chartership. In 1818 Palmer said that: An Engineer is a mediator between the Philosopher and the working Mechanic; and like an interpreter between two foreigners must understand the language of both. The Philosopher searches into Nature and discovers her laws, and promulgates

759-506: The presidency of Gordon Masterton, who also initiated a President's blog, now the ICE Infrastructure blog. Each incoming President sets out the main theme of his or her year of office in a Presidential Address. Many of the profession's greatest engineers have served as President of the ICE including: One of Britain's greatest engineers, Isambard Kingdom Brunel died before he could take up

792-475: The principles and adapts them to our circumstances. The working Mechanic, governed by the superintendence of the Engineer, brings his ideas into reality. Hence the absolute necessity of possessing both practical and theoretical knowledge. When the time came to apply for a Charter it was clearly necessary to define the profession ... the council applied to Thomas Tredgold to propose some suitable description. The result

825-452: The profession of a civil engineer; being the art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience of man, as the means of production and of traffic in states, both for external and internal trade, as applied in the construction of roads, bridges, aqueducts, canals, river navigation, and docks, for internal intercourse and exchange; and in the construction of ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters, and light-houses, and in

858-446: The road or balance wheel's main purpose was to balance the train and to keep it upright. The balancing wheel on the road carried only 4% or 5% of the load, it did not subtract much from the steel wheel-steel rail efficiency. As the track was on side of the road, it was no obstacle to vehicles crossing it. Further, since it was a monorail with a supporting wheel on the ground, the issue of curve resistance did not arise in Ewing System, since

891-546: The road. Four such locomotives were built by Orenstein & Koppel of Berlin . One locomotive is preserved in working order at the Indian National Railway Museum in New Delhi, where a section of the monorail has been reconstructed. Institution of Civil Engineers The Institution of Civil Engineers ( ICE ) is an independent professional association for civil engineers and a charitable body in

924-619: The wheels were placed on a single track only. The Ewing system was used in Patiala State Monorail Trainways . The Patiala monorail is preserved in National Rail Museum at New Delhi. It is still in running condition. It was also used on Kundala Valley Railway from 1902 to 1908. William Thorold (engineer) William Thorold (9 October 1798 – 17 December 1878 ) was a 19th-century millwright , architect and civil engineer in Norwich , Norfolk , England. He

957-495: Was also involved with the steam-powered St James' Yarn Mill, Norwich in 1836 but it is not known whether he was the architect, millwright or both. William Thorold designed workhouses built at Thetford , Pulham Market , Rockland All Saints , Kenninghall , Hindringham and Great Snoring all in Norfolk between 1836 and 1837. He also designed a workhouse built at Rochford , Essex in 1837. As mentioned above, he may have also designed

990-658: Was born in 1798 in Methwold , Norfolk, the son of a farmer. Apprenticed to George Shafto and later to John Fisher Gurling in St Martin's Lane, Norwich, he was in business as a millwright from 1828 until his death at his home in Thorpe Hamlet , Norwich, in 1878. William Thorold built a post mill at Felthorpe in 1830, and a tower drainage windmill at Limpenhoe in 1831. He was involved with refitting watermills at Bawburgh in 1829, Taverham in 1842 and Oxnead in 1849. He

1023-465: Was either animal or steam. One of the countries he thought would be suitable was India and there were two systems built in that country, in Kharagpur and Patiala . The Kharagpur system used mules as motive power. The Patiala system used steam locomotives with an almost unique 0-3-0 wheel arrangement, having double-flanged driving wheels and the locomotives having a single outrigger wheel which ran on

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1056-430: Was launched in 1984; by 1992 3% of the total ICE membership of 79,000 was female, and only 0.8% of chartered civil engineers were women. By 2016 women comprised nearly 12% of total membership, almost 7% of chartered civil engineers and just over 2% of Fellows. In June 2015 a Presidential Commission on diversity was announced. By the start of 2023 women made up 16% of overall membership, with female fellows comprising 6% of

1089-589: Was the now well-known definition of Civil Engineering as "the art of directing the great sources of power in Nature for the use and convenience of man," and this was embodied in the Charter. The objects of such institution, as recited in the charter, and reported in The Times , were The general advancement of mechanical science, and more particularly for promoting the acquisition of that species of knowledge which constitutes

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