132-528: Evangelical Deaconess Hospital' s four-story building on Chauncey Street continued to serve the Bushwick, Brooklyn neighborhood even after the hospital closed in the 1950s. Twenty years after the hospital was closed, and the community rejected using it as an overflow for a Bronx-based drug rehab program, the structure was adapted into a temporary relocation facility for "welfare families now in hotels as well as families left homeless by fires." It subsequently became
264-555: A glue manufacturing plant, his first factory, in Bushwick. Immigrants from western Europe joined the original Dutch settlers. The Bushwick Chemical Works, at Metropolitan Avenue and Grand Street on the English Kills channel, was another early industry among the lime, plaster, and brickworks, coal yards, and other factories that developed along English Kills, which was dredged and made an important commercial waterway. In October 1867,
396-542: A 0.5 on the Furman Center's racial diversity index, making it the city's 35th most diverse neighborhood in 2007. Most residents are Latino American citizens from the island of Puerto Rico and immigrants from the Dominican Republic . Since the turn of the 21st century, the population of native-born Americans has increased, as have other Latino groups, particularly immigrants from Mexico and El Salvador . In 2008
528-467: A Bushwick rezoning plan covering 300 city blocks. The plan would allow for high-density development on Broadway and Myrtle and Wyckoff Avenues. The entirety of Community Board 4 had 112,388 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 80.4 years. This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 24% are between
660-432: A commercial retail hub. Middle-class residents who could afford to leave did so, in some cases abandoning their homes. New immigrants continued to move to the area, many from Hispanic America , but renovation and new construction was outpaced by the demolition of unsafe buildings, forcing overcrowded conditions at first. As buildings came down, the vacant lots made parts of the neighborhood look and feel desolate, resulting in
792-462: A component of I-278. The conversion of Gowanus Expressway to a six-lane freeway configuration was completed in 1964 at a cost of $ 100 million (equivalent to $ 751 million in 2023 ). The NY 27A designation was removed from the Gowanus Expressway by 1970. By 2000, an HOV lane was added to the eastbound Gowanus Expressway to serve traffic heading toward Manhattan. Over the years,
924-469: A deed from the local Lenape people for the Bushwick area, and Peter Stuyvesant chartered the area in 1661, naming it Boswijck , meaning "neighborhood in the woods" in 17th-century Dutch. Its area included the modern-day communities of Bushwick, Williamsburg , and Greenpoint . Bushwick was the last of the original six Dutch towns of Brooklyn to be established within New Netherland . The community
1056-578: A freeway connecting the Goethals and Verrazzano-Narrows bridges that was a part of a comprehensive system of freeways and parkways for the borough of Staten Island. In 1945, Robert Moses took over planning for the freeway and called it the Clove Lakes Expressway . The plan received approval in stages through the mid-1950s, and construction on the expressway began in 1959. By this time, the SIE had received
1188-562: A grant program focusing on residential buildings in the initiative's coverage area, which resulted in fines for dozens of landlords with lead paint hazards. The Bushwick Initiative's economic development efforts were also focused on revitalizing the Knickerbocker Avenue commercial district, and adding a thousand rat-resistant public trash cans to reduce litter. In 2019, the New York City Department of City Planning released
1320-461: A greater outflow of residents and a growth of the illegal drug trade due to a lack of job opportunities. Author Jonathan Mahler described the social and economic hardships of Bushwick after the blackout in his book Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bronx is Burning , explaining that the majority of neighborhood residents were living on less than $ 4,000 a year, and had to rely on some form of public assistance. By
1452-507: A homeless men's shelter. This article relating to a hospital in New York is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bushwick, Brooklyn Bushwick is a neighborhood in the northern part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn . It is bounded by the neighborhood of Ridgewood, Queens , to the northeast; Williamsburg to the northwest; East New York and
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#17328479853731584-629: A move that city officials said could prolong the viaduct's life by 20 years. The city also planned to ticket overweight vehicles. There was still no long-term plan for the viaduct by mid-2022, but three preliminary plans for the highway's reconstruction were announced in December 2022. NYCDOT formally presented the three plans to the public in February 2023, and city officials began issuing summonses to overweight vehicles in August of that year. In February 2024,
1716-481: A panel to formally evaluate each alternative and that the panel's evaluations would end by mid-2019. In February 2020, officials proposed a three-mile (4.8 km) tunnel from the Gowanus Expressway to Flushing Avenue. The proposal was expected to cost $ 11 billion, to be paid by tolls. In late 2021, the section between Atlantic Avenue and the Brooklyn Bridge was reduced from three to two lanes per direction,
1848-444: A shortage of affordable housing in nearby neighborhoods such as Park Slope and Williamsburg , numerous young professionals and artists have moved into converted warehouse lofts, brownstones, limestone-brick townhouses, and other renovated buildings in Bushwick. A flourishing artist community has existed in Bushwick for decades and has become more visible in the neighborhood. Dozens of art studios and galleries are scattered throughout
1980-523: A spur of the expressway, the Richmond Parkway , to follow the central ridge of the island, connecting with the Outerbridge Crossing in the southwestern part of the island. However, there was massive local opposition to this spur, and, unlike previous projects by Moses, the northern half of the spur was canceled when Mayor John Lindsay took office in 1966. The southern half of this proposed spur
2112-585: A temporary six-lane highway in the location of the promenade while they repaired the underlying structure. Under this option, lanes would be widened, and shoulders would have been added. In conjunction with the project, NYCDOT hoped to unify Van Voorhees Park, improve safety at the interchange with Atlantic Avenue, and possibly build a pedestrian bridge from Brooklyn Bridge Park to the promenade. The other, more expensive option, which would cost $ 3.4 billion to $ 4 billion (equivalent to $ 4.06 billion to $ 4.78 billion in 2023 ) and take over eight years,
2244-559: A truck-only highway between Hamilton Avenue in Carroll Gardens and the Brooklyn Bridge. Under the plan, only the bottom level would be rebuilt and then be decked over by a linear park and boulevard. The report expected passenger vehicles to be diverted into the underused Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, whose tolls might be lowered when congestion pricing in New York City was implemented. In early April, de Blasio announced that he would create
2376-639: A westbound interchange at 86th Street. Turning more to the north, I-278 comes to an partial interchange at 65th Street, with an exit eastbound and entrance eastbound. The road curves northwest at this point and comes to a directional interchange providing access to 3rd Avenue and the Belt Parkway. The Gowanus Expressway turns northeast again at the interchange with Belt Parkway, and it continues along an elevated alignment above Third Avenue, running through urban residential and commercial areas. Along this viaduct, I-278 has interchanges with 38th Street/39th Street and
2508-679: Is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in New Jersey and New York in the United States. The road runs 35.62 miles (57.32 km) from US Route 1/9 (US 1/9) in Linden, New Jersey , northeast to the Bruckner Interchange in the New York City borough of the Bronx . The majority of I-278 is in New York City, where it serves as a partial beltway and passes through all five of the city's boroughs . I-278 follows several freeways, including
2640-409: Is commonly considered to be either East Williamsburg or part of Bushwick, occasionally with the modifier "Industrial Bushwick". The town of Bushwick—which, along with Brooklyn and Bedford, became incorporated as the city of Brooklyn on January 1, 1854—included present-day Williamsburg and Greenpoint. Prior to the merger, in the early 19th century, residential development in the area had begun when
2772-458: Is maintained by the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), has six lanes on the lower level and seven lanes on the upper level which includes one HOV lane. In addition to local traffic on Staten Island, the expressway provides the most direct route from Brooklyn and Long Island to New Jersey. It is widely known throughout the New York City area as one of the most congested roads in
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#17328479853732904-595: Is nevertheless considered by some to be part of Bushwick. For its entry on Bushwick–Ridgewood, the American Institute of Architects ' AIA Guide to New York City uses the area bounded by the Cemetery Belt on the south, Bushwick Avenue on the west (save for a short distance between Bushwick Avenue's northern terminus and the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway, where Woodpoint Road and Kingsland Avenue are
3036-748: Is not in danger of collapse. In 2019, the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) took over maintenance of the Gowanus Expressway from the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). The BQE was initially planned in 1936 as the Brooklyn–Queens Connecting Highway, a link between the Gowanus Parkway and the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge . The brief portion of I-278 on the Grand Central Parkway, connecting
3168-439: The 2010 United States Census . The total population of these districts was 129,239. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Bushwick North was 57,138, an increase of 1,045 (1.9%) from the 56,093 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 570.78 acres (230.99 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 100.1 inhabitants per acre (64,100/sq mi; 24,700/km ). The ethnic and racial makeup of
3300-424: The American Institute awarded Bushwick Chemical Works the first premium for commercial acids of the greatest purity and strength. The Bushwick Glass Company, later known as Brookfield Glass Company , established itself in 1869, when a local brewer sold it to James Brookfield. It made a variety of bottles and jars, as well as large numbers of glass electrical insulators for telegraph, telephone and power lines. In
3432-738: The Bronx River Parkway . Continuing east, the road has an exit serving White Plains Road and Castle Hill Avenue. I-278's eastern terminus is at the Bruckner Interchange further to the east. Here, the Bruckner Expressway becomes I-95 and continues towards the New England Thruway. At this interchange, I-278 also has access to the Clearview Expressway ( I-295 ), the Hutchinson River Expressway ( I-678 ), and
3564-520: The Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel . restricted to buses, carpools, and vehicles with three or more occupants. On weekdays, this HOV lane carries eastbound traffic in the morning and westbound traffic in the afternoon. The lane is closed at other times, including certain New York City government holidays. The Gowanus Expressway continues northeast into urban residential neighborhoods and reaches an eastbound interchange at Fort Hamilton Parkway and
3696-781: The Hutchinson River Parkway itself. Legally, the New York section of I-278 is defined as part of Interstate Route Connector 512 and all of Interstate Route Connector 518 in New York Highway Law § 340-a. The New Jersey portion of freeway was planned in 1955 as the Union Freeway and designated as I-278 in 1958. It was to connect the Goethals Bridge west to I-78 at the tripoint of Springfield , Union Township , and Millburn . The western part of this planned freeway faced strong opposition. Even though it
3828-705: The Long Island Rail Road built the Bushwick Branch from its hub in Jamaica via Maspeth to Bushwick Terminal, at the intersection of Montrose and Bushwick avenues, allowing easy movement of passengers, raw materials, and finished goods. Routes also radiated to Flushing, Queens . The first elevated railway ("el") in Brooklyn, known as the Lexington Avenue Elevated , opened in 1885. Its eastern terminus
3960-635: The New York City Department of Transportation , makes a sharp turn to the east away from the East River and comes to an interchange serving the Brooklyn Bridge and Cadman Plaza . The freeway continues on an elevated alignment and makes a turn southeast as it comes to ramps accessing the Manhattan Bridge . As of 2022, the city portion is planned to be rebuilt. North of the bridges, the highway becomes state-maintained again and reaches at an exit serving Tillary Street and Flushing Avenue . At this point,
4092-651: The Route ;24 interchange in Springfield, New Jersey . This was canceled because of opposition from the communities along the route. The segment that does exist in New Jersey was opened in 1969. There were also plans to extend I-78 east across Manhattan and into Brooklyn via the Williamsburg Bridge ; this would have been a second interchange between I-278 and its parent highway, but these plans were also thwarted. I-78
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4224-1018: The Union Freeway in Union County, New Jersey ; the Staten Island Expressway ( SIE ) across Staten Island ; the Gowanus Expressway in southern Brooklyn ; the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway ( BQE ) across Northern Brooklyn and Queens ; a small part of the Grand Central Parkway in Queens; and a part of the Bruckner Expressway in the Bronx. I-278 also crosses multiple bridges, including the Goethals , Verrazzano-Narrows , Kosciuszko , and Robert F. Kennedy bridges. I-278
4356-510: The 1840s and 1850s, a majority of the immigrants were German , which became the dominant population. Bushwick established a considerable brewery industry, including "Brewer's Row"—14 breweries operating in a 14-block area—by 1890. Thus, Bushwick was dubbed the "beer capital of the Northeast". The last Bushwick breweries, the Schaefer's and Rheingold Breweries, closed its doors in 1976. As late as
4488-428: The 1980s, the Knickerbocker Avenue shopping district was nicknamed "The Well" for its seemingly unending supply of drugs. Even through the 1990s, it remained a poor and relatively dangerous area, with 77 murders, 80 rapes, and 2,242 robberies in 1990. Since 2000, the rise of real estate prices in nearby Manhattan has made Bushwick more attractive to younger professionals. In the wake of reduced crime rates citywide and
4620-701: The 1980s, there were unsuccessful efforts to revive the Rheingold Brewery. The William Ulmer Brewery at Beaver and Belvidere Streets was given landmark status by the city in 2010, becoming the first brewery with such a status. As late as 1883, Bushwick maintained open farming land east of Flushing Avenue. A synergy developed between the brewers and the farmers during this period, as the dairy farmers collected spent grain and hops for cow feed. The dairy farmers sold milk and other dairy products to consumers in Brooklyn. Both industries supported blacksmiths, wheelwrights, and feed stores along Flushing Avenue. In 1868,
4752-410: The 1980s. By the late 20th century, the neighborhood became predominantly Hispanic as another wave of immigrants arrived. Formerly Brooklyn's 18th Ward, the neighborhood was once an independent town and has undergone various territorial changes throughout its history. Bushwick is part of Brooklyn Community District 4 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 11206, 11207, 11221, and 11237. It is patrolled by
4884-743: The 83rd Precinct of the New York City Police Department . Politically it is represented by the New York City Council 's 34th and 37th Districts. Bushwick's borders largely overlap those of Brooklyn Community Board 4 , which is delineated by Flushing Avenue on the north, Broadway on the southwest, the border with Queens to the northeast, and the Cemetery of the Evergreens on the southeast. The industrial area north of Flushing Avenue, east of Bushwick Avenue, and south of Grand Street
5016-570: The Asian residents were less than 5000. Bushwick and neighboring East New York are the center for the Hispanic community in Brooklyn. In the post-World War II period, Bushwick was still a predominantly Irish and Italian-American community. Puerto Ricans began to migrate to New York for greater opportunities, developing Hispanic enclaves in Brooklyn, East Harlem, the Lower East Side or Loisaida , and
5148-656: The BQE and the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, had opened in the 1930s. A part of the Brooklyn–Queens Connecting Highway, namely the Kosciuszko Bridge and the viaducts leading to the bridge, opened in 1939 between Meeker Avenue/Morgan Avenue and Queens Boulevard (NY 25). In 1940, Moses proposed an expressway between Queens and Brooklyn to relieve local streets of congestion from the Manhattan and Williamsburg bridges. The section between
5280-528: The BQE continues east through residential areas and turns northeast upon coming to the Wythe Avenue/Kent Avenue exit. The road passes through the Williamsburg neighborhood on a depressed alignment, reaching an interchange that serves the Williamsburg Bridge , with an exit at Metropolitan Avenue a short distance later. I-278 becomes elevated again as it passes through more neighborhoods and comes to
5412-612: The Broadway shopping district was heavily looted and burned. Twenty-seven stores along Broadway were burned, and looters and some residents saw the blackout as an opportunity to get what they otherwise could not afford. Newspapers around the country published UPI and the Associated Press 's photos of Bushwick residents with stolen items and a police officer beating a suspected looter, and Bushwick became known for riots and looting. Fires spread to many residential buildings as well. After
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5544-501: The Bronx. Many Puerto Ricans also settled in neighboring Williamsburg , also known as Los Sures , due to the proximity to jobs at the now defunct Domino Sugar Refinery as well as at the Brooklyn Navy Yard ; they expanded into other parts of Brooklyn as many ethnic Irish and some Italians moved to nearby Queens (such as Ridgewood and Middle Village ). Brooklyn%E2%80%93Queens Expressway Interstate 278 ( I-278 )
5676-537: The Bruckner Boulevard alignment in order to provide a connection between the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge and a freeway leading north into Westchester County . Moses took over planning for the road in 1951 and called for an elevated freeway between the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge and the Bronx River and a depressed freeway east of there. Construction on the elevated segment of the Bruckner Expressway began in 1957 and on
5808-526: The Bruckner Expressway past there) before the current numbering took place by 1970, with I-895 designated onto the Sheridan Expressway (which was subsequently downgraded to a state highway in 2017). The New Jersey segment of I-278 begins in Linden , Union County , at the junction with US 1 and US 9 ( US 1/9 ), where it merges into the southbound direction of that road. The freeway heads east and carries two lanes in each direction, with
5940-474: The Federal Highway Administration rejected the city's request for $ 800 million to redesign and rebuild the cantilever. By the next month, no design had been finalized, and the start date for the triple cantilever's reconstruction had been postponed to 2028. The Bruckner Expressway was originally Bruckner Boulevard, designated as part of NY 1A . In the 1930s, a freeway was planned on
6072-535: The Goethals Bridge, opening to traffic in 1969 at a cost of $ 11.5 million (equivalent to $ 73.3 million in 2023 ). The Union Freeway Extension was revived in the late 1960s and was to start at US 1/9 but end at I-287 in Hanover Township , following Route 24 between I-78 and I-287. However, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) rejected the proposal in 1970, thus ending
6204-712: The Gowanus Expressway, from the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel to the Prospect Expressway ( NY 27 ), was opened in May 1950. The freeway was initially planned to be twelve lanes, with two three-lane roadways in each direction, but it was ultimately reduced to a six-lane highway to reduce disruption to the Bay Ridge neighborhood. The Gowanus Expressway was incorporated into the Interstate Highway System and became
6336-548: The I-278 designation. The construction of the SIE was particularly noted for the massive movement of earth required to build the section of the highway between Clove Road and Price Street (now Narrows Road North, a service road of the expressway) between Grymes Hill and Emerson Hill . The earth removed from the cut in the hill was placed in a remote section of central Staten Island adjacent to Sea View Hospital and has since been nicknamed "Moses Mountain". Originally, Moses intended for
6468-548: The I-278 project. The original four-lane Goethals Bridge, which predated the I-278 designation, was replaced with two new three-lane cable-stayed bridges , each carrying traffic in one direction. The new eastbound bridge opened to both directions of traffic in June 2017, and westbound traffic was shifted to the new westbound bridge in May 2018. The SIE was first planned in 1941 as the Cross-Richmond Express Highway,
6600-410: The Kosciuszko and Williamsburg bridges opened on May 25, 1950. A further extension between the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel and the Brooklyn Bridge, which included the Brooklyn Heights Promenade , was opened on June 23, 1954, connecting to the Gowanus Expressway. This was followed by a mile-long (1.6 km) section between the Williamsburg Bridge and Flushing Avenue on September 1, 1958. Two sections of
6732-506: The Manhattan and Williamsburg bridges using the triple cantilever structure, which would be tolled. At the same time, the Brooklyn Heights Promenade was deteriorating significantly and was set to undergo renovations starting 2020. The structure is supported by steel rods inside rebar, which is corroding due to the seeping of road salt into widening cracks. If nothing was done on the roadway by 2026, weight restrictions would have to be implemented, with trucks diverted to local roads, and, by 2036,
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#17328479853736864-467: The New Jersey Turnpike, Conrail Shared Assets Operations ' (CSAO) Chemical Coast Secondary line, a Staten Island Railway freight line that is used by CSAO, industrial areas, CSAO's Bayway Industrial Track line, and finally Arthur Kill on the six-lane Goethals Bridge into Staten Island , a borough of New York City . This bridge is maintained by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ). Upon coming onto Staten Island, I-278 becomes
6996-434: The Northeast Corridor. Along this section, there is a westbound exit and eastbound entrance for East 138th Street. Sheridan Boulevard ( NY 895 ) splits from the eastbound direction of I-278 as the Bruckner Expressway makes a turn to the east into residential and commercial neighborhoods on a surface alignment, crossing the Bronx River on a drawbridge . The road has an interchange at Hunts Point Avenue before coming to
7128-418: The Prospect Expressway ( NY 27 ). After the interchange with the Prospect Expressway (NY 27), the freeway widens to eight lanes and heads north, coming to an interchange with the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel approach (officially the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel, I-478), with the exit ramps splitting from the median of I-278. Westbound access to the tunnel is provided by the Hamilton Avenue exit. In this area,
7260-416: The Robert F. Kennedy Bridge carries the route over the Bronx Kill into the Bronx , where westbound tolls are collected electronically. In the Bronx, I-278 becomes the Bruckner Expressway and reaches an interchange with the Major Deegan Expressway ( I-87 ). At this point, the Bruckner Expressway heads northeast on a six-lane elevated alignment through industrial areas with some residences, paralleling
7392-421: The SIE. After the Goethals Bridge, the highway passes under the Travis Branch railroad line that is owned by the Staten Island Railway and operated by CSAO and has a toll plaza serving the bridge. At this point, the freeway becomes eight lanes and maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT), coming to an exit for Western and Forest avenues before reaching a directional interchange with
7524-442: The Sheridan Expressway and I-678 from there to I-95. Later, I-278 was planned to follow the Bruckner Expressway from I-87 to the Sheridan Expressway, where it would continue on that freeway to I-95, while the Bruckner Expressway was not designated an Interstate north of there. By 1970, I-278 was routed onto its current alignment, with I-895 (now NY 895) created along the Sheridan Expressway. Multiple express buses operated by
7656-505: The West Shore Expressway ( New York State Route 440 (NY 440). NY 440 forms a concurrency with I-278, and the road heads into residential neighborhoods. The road carries four lanes eastbound and three lanes westbound as it comes to the exit serving Richmond Avenue . Immediately after, NY 440 splits from the SIE at a large interchange, heading north on the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Expressway. This interchange also provides access to Victory Boulevard . East of this point,
7788-433: The ages of 0–17, 35% between 25 and 44, and 20% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 12% and 9% respectively. As of 2016, the median household income in Community Board 4 was $ 50,656. In 2018, an estimated 25% of Bushwick residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (13%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in
7920-422: The area. Il Circolo di Santa Margherita di Belice , founded in Bushwick, remains the oldest operating Sicilian organization in the United States. These clubs often started as mutual benevolence associations or funeral societies. They transformed along with the needs of their communities from the late 1800s until the 1960s, when many began to fade away. St. Joseph Patron of the Universal Church Roman Catholic Parish
8052-477: The bridge. Formerly, the frontage road of the Grand Central Parkway between the BQE and the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge served as a truck route, since large trucks are not permitted on the parkway. Exemptions are provided for smaller trucks that conform with strict regulations, but only on the section of the Grand Central Parkway that overlaps with I-278. In December 2017, the state concluded a $ 2.5-million (equivalent to $ 3.06 million in 2023 ) project that lowered
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#17328479853738184-548: The bus lanes were opened to high-occupancy vehicles during rush hours. In July 2008, officials announced a $ 50-million (equivalent to $ 69.5 million in 2023 ) project to improve the severe traffic conditions on a 1.8-mile (2.9 km) stretch of the expressway. Included in the project is the construction of six new on- and offramps, improvements to and relocations of existing on- and offramps, and other improvements to surrounding roads. This followed numerous minor alterations to alleviate traffic, such as time/distance displays and
8316-430: The cemeteries of Highland Park to the southeast; Brownsville to the south; and Bedford–Stuyvesant to the southwest. The town was first founded by the Dutch as Boswijck during the Dutch colonization of the Americas in the 17th century. In the 19th century, the neighborhood became a community of German immigrants and their descendants. The 20th century saw an influx of Italian immigrants and Italian-Americans up to
8448-401: The city has grown around them and it's not an option to just say we can't deal with that traffic." City Council Speaker Corey Johnson called for the city to study alternatives, including the removal of the BQE in its entirety, in his State of the City address . On March 13, 2019, Stringer issued a plan calling for converting the triple cantilever structure and the open cut in Cobble Hill into
8580-465: The city would have to shut down this section of the BQE. In late 2018, NYSDOT proposed rebuilding the double-decker, 1.5-mile (2.4 km) section of I-278 running under the Brooklyn Heights Promenade, which had deteriorated severely over the years. Two options were proposed. The cheaper option, which would cost $ 3.3 billion to $ 3.6 billion (equivalent to $ 3.94 billion to $ 4.3 billion in 2023 ) and take six years, entailed building
8712-413: The city. After the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, I-278 continues into Brooklyn on the Gowanus Expressway. Immediately after the bridge, the freeway comes to an eastbound exit and westbound entrance for the Belt Parkway . After this, a full interchange serves 92nd Street at which point I-278 becomes a single-level six-lane freeway. Soon after, one of the eastbound lanes becomes an HOV lane, continuing east to
8844-698: The city. Bushwick is the most populous Hispanic-American community in Brooklyn, although Sunset Park also has a large Hispanic population. As in other neighborhoods in New York City, Bushwick's Hispanic population is mainly from Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. It also has a sizable population from South American nations. As nearly 70% of Bushwick's population is Hispanic, residents have created many businesses to support their various national and distinct traditions in food and other items. The neighborhood's major commercial streets are Knickerbocker Avenue, Myrtle Avenue, Wyckoff Avenue, and Broadway . There are two neighborhood tabulation areas that covered Bushwick as of
8976-570: The creation of several farming developments. Originally a 13-acre (53,000 m ) development within Bushwick Shore, Williamsburgh rapidly expanded during the first half of the 19th century and eventually seceded from Bushwick to form its own independent city in 1852. Both Bushwick and Williamsburgh were annexed to the City of Brooklyn in 1854. When Bushwick was founded, it was primarily an area for farming food and tobacco. As Brooklyn and New York City grew, factories that manufactured sugar, oil, and chemicals were built. The inventor Peter Cooper built
9108-418: The depressed segment in 1959. The depressed portion was opened in 1961 while the elevated portion of the Bruckner Expressway was opened in 1962. In 1972, the large Bruckner Interchange was finished, completing the route. Over the years, the I-278 portion of the Bruckner Expressway has had different designations. When the Interstate Highway System was first created, the road was to be part of I-895 from I-87 to
9240-427: The designated bus lanes. Construction started in November 2010, with the project then expected to cost $ 75 million (equivalent to $ 102 million in 2023 ). A new exit 15, which served Lily Pond Avenue and Bay Street on the eastern end of Staten Island, opened to traffic on July 9, 2012, replacing a former exit further to the east. Signage was also changed to display Fingerboard Road and Lily Pond Avenue as
9372-448: The eastbound direction widening to three lanes. I-278 runs between urban residential areas to the north and the Bayway Refinery to the south as it continues into Elizabeth . In this area, the road meets Route 439 and the New Jersey Turnpike ( I-95 ) at the only intermediate interchange that I-278 has in New Jersey. This short length is sometimes called the Union Freeway. After this interchange, I-278 turns southeast and crosses
9504-471: The exit for Broadway and Roosevelt Avenue . I-278 heads back onto a viaduct and comes to a single-point urban interchange at Northern Boulevard ( NY 25A ). A short distance past Northern Boulevard (NY 25A), the freeway splits into east and west segments with four lanes each that respectively merge into the Grand Central Parkway east- and westbound. Astoria Boulevard is accessible from either leg. Both legs receive Interstate funding, though only
9636-497: The expressway gains a bus lane in each direction. The six-lane I-278 turns to the east past this point, with Gannon Avenue South and Gannon Avenue North serving as frontage roads , and reaches the Bradley Avenue exit. The next interchange the SIE is with Todt Hill Road and Slosson Avenue. This exchange was the original terminal of the bus lane in each direction that also serves as a high-occupancy vehicle lane (HOV lane) that
9768-469: The expressway opened on August 26, 1959: a segment between the Brooklyn Bridge and Tillary Street in Brooklyn and between the Grand Central Parkway and Roosevelt Avenue in Queens. The expressway between Tillary Street and Flushing Avenue , around the Brooklyn Navy Yard , was opened shortly thereafter on January 6, 1960. The road in its entirety was completed on December 23, 1964 at a cost of $ 137 million (equivalent to $ 1.03 billion in 2023 ), with
9900-519: The expressway, the two-tiered promenade section in Brooklyn Heights that was designed by Moses, was originally planned to go straight through Hicks Street, then connect to the Brooklyn Bridge at Adams Street. Another route that was proposed by Moses would have continued up Hicks Street past Atlantic Avenue , removing all the buildings on one side of Court Street, then curving east into Tillary Street (at Cadman Plaza ). The Brooklyn Heights Association
10032-552: The freeway has is with Hylan Boulevard . A short distance later, the SIE comes to a large interchange that serves Lily Pond Avenue and Bay Street. Immediately after, I-278 reaches the former toll plaza for the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge , where electronic toll collection is in effect. Following the toll plaza area, I-278 goes onto the Verrazzano Bridge linking to Brooklyn over The Narrows . This bridge, which
10164-465: The freeway makes a turn to the east, passing over homes before crossing over New Calvary Cemetery. The road turns northeast through more urban neighborhoods and reaches an interchange at Queens Boulevard ( NY 25 ). At this point, I-278 becomes city-maintained again and passes under the Long Island Rail Road 's Main Line as it continues into a depressed alignment. The BQE turns north as it approaches
10296-595: The freeway passes over the Gowanus Canal , an extremely polluted canal that was once used for shipping. The site has been designated a Superfund site by the Environmental Protection Agency . After the exit for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, I-278 heads north onto the six-lane BQE, passing through urban neighborhoods near Downtown Brooklyn on a depressed alignment. The next interchange the highway reaches serves Atlantic Avenue . After Atlantic Avenue,
10428-560: The growing need for labor by factory operators. St. Leonard's parish was the large German Catholic parish in the area, but the Italian community was not welcome there and was thus compelled to open its own parish. St. Leonard's closed in 1973. St. Joseph's is now a large and vibrant Latino parish run by the Scalabrini Order of priests, an Italian missionary order that caters to migrants. The demographic transition of Bushwick after World War II
10560-475: The highway heads north through Wards Island Park and passes to the east of Manhattan Psychiatric Center as it passes over the border onto Randalls Island , which is connected to Wards Island by land. I-278 passes through the bridge's former toll plaza before an interchange that provides access to FDR Drive by way of another segment of the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge over the Harlem River . After this interchange,
10692-504: The interchange with 31st Street, and I-278 continues northwest along the tolled, eight-lane Robert F. Kennedy Bridge , which passes over Astoria. Eastbound tolls are collected electronically at this point. I-278 crosses the East River on the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, which maintained by the TBTA . It then enters Wards Island , which is a part of the borough of Manhattan . On Wards Island,
10824-594: The interchange with Humboldt Street/ McGuinness Boulevard . The BQE enters more industrial areas as it comes to the Meeker Avenue/Morgan Avenue exit. I-278 crosses the Newtown Creek into Queens on the Kosciuszko Bridge . Upon entering Queens, the BQE runs north between residential neighborhoods to the east and Calvary Cemetery to the west before coming to an interchange with the LIE ( I-495 ). After I-495,
10956-487: The mid-1960s. Within five years, it had become "what often approached a no man's land of abandoned buildings, empty lots, drugs and arson." On the night of July 13, 1977, a major blackout cut power to nearly all of New York City, and arson , looting , and vandalism occurred in low-income neighborhoods across the city. Bushwick suffered some of the most devastating damage and losses. While store owners along Knickerbocker and Graham avenues were able to defend their stores,
11088-470: The natives fled, leaving the area to be divided among the six towns in Kings County. Bushwick had the prime location to absorb its new tract of land in a contiguous fashion. New Bushwick Lane (Evergreen Avenue), a former Native American trail, was a key thoroughfare for accessing this new tract, which was suitable mostly for potato and cabbage agriculture. This area is bounded roughly by Flushing Avenue to
11220-415: The neighborhood as of 2010 was 10.7% (6,098) non-Hispanic white , 9.7% (5,533) non-Hispanic black , 0.1% (82) Native American , 6.0% (3,417) Asian , 0.0% (11) Pacific Islander , 0.7% (380) from other races , and 1.0% (582) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71.8% (41,035) of the population. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Bushwick South
11352-402: The neighborhood's economic base eroded. Discussions of urban renewal took place in the 1960s, but never materialized, resulting in the demolition of many residential buildings with the intent of replacing these structures with public housing, but nothing new was built in its place as these proposals were scrapped. Another contribution to the change in the socioeconomic profile of the neighborhood
11484-468: The neighborhood's median household income was $ 28,802. 32% of the population falls under the poverty line, making Bushwick the 7th-most impoverished neighborhood in New York City. More than 75% of children in the neighborhood are born in poverty. Some 40.3% of students in Bushwick read at grade level in 2007, making it the 49th most literate neighborhood in the city that year. 58.2% of students could work math at grade level in Bushwick, and it ranked as 41st in
11616-497: The neighborhood, closest to Eastern Parkway . By the mid-1950s, migrants began settling into central Bushwick. The availability of block association housing helped many neighborhoods survive the economic and social distress of the 1970s. This change in demographics coincided with changes in the local economy. Rising energy costs, advances in transportation and the change to the use of aluminum cans encouraged beer companies to move out of New York City. As breweries in Bushwick closed,
11748-441: The neighborhood. Several open studios programs are conducted that enable the public to visit artist studios and galleries, and several websites are devoted to promoting neighborhood art and events. Bushwick artists display their works in galleries and private spaces throughout the neighborhood. The borough's first and only trailer park, a 20-person art collective established by founder, Hayden Cummings and ZenoRadio's Baruch Herzfeld,
11880-400: The new district of Williamsburg was laid out in western Bushwick. Williamsburg was incorporated in 1827 and officially severed from Bushwick in 1839. Present-day East Williamsburg , which was not part of the city of Williamsburg, was originally organized primarily as Brooklyn's 18th Ward from the annexation of Bushwick. Now part of Brooklyn Community District 1 , the area of East Williamsburg
12012-542: The north and Evergreen Cemetery to the south. In the 1850s, the New Lots of Bushwick area began to develop. References to the town of Bowronville, a new neighborhood contained within the area south of Lafayette Avenue and Stanhope Street, began to appear in the 1850s. The area known as Bushwick Shore was so called for about 140 years. Bushwick residents called Bushwick Shore "the Strand", another term for "beach". Bushwick Creek, in
12144-455: The north, and Cripplebush, a region of thick, boggy shrubland extending from Wallabout Creek to Newtown Creek , in the south and east, cut Bushwick Shore off from the other villages in Bushwick. Farmers and gardeners from the other Bushwick villages sent their goods to Bushwick Shore to be ferried to New York City for sale at a market located at the present-day Grand Street. Bushwick Shore's favorable location close to New York City led to
12276-480: The opening of a mile-long (1.6 km) underpass connecting Queens Boulevard with Roosevelt Avenue. The major interchange with the Long Island Expressway was rebuilt in 1966 for $ 32.7 million (equivalent to $ 235 million in 2023 ). The construction of the BQE, overseen by Moses, tore through many residential neighborhoods in Brooklyn and Queens instead of following the East River. One portion of
12408-399: The outlet for the new exit, rather than Lily Pond Avenue and Bay Street. On January 17, 2013, westbound exit 13 was permanently closed in favor of a new interchange setup, which involved two new ramps: exit 13B for Richmond Road and Targee Street and exit 13A for Clove Road. The Gowanus Expressway was initially the Gowanus Parkway, first planned in the 1930s. Construction of
12540-514: The population. In the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning , they split up the tabulations between west and east Bushwick. West Bushwick had between 30,000 to 39,999 Hispanic residents and 10,000 to 19,999 White residents, meanwhile the Black and Asian populations were each under 5000 residents. East Bushwick had between 30,000 to 39,999 Hispanic residents, 10,000 to 19,999 White residents, and 5,000 to 9,999 Black residents while
12672-530: The presence of the els, another wave of European immigrants settled in the neighborhood. Also, parts of Bushwick became affluent. Brewery owners and doctors commissioned mansions along Bushwick and Irving Avenues at the turn of the 20th century. New York mayor John Francis Hylan kept a townhouse on Bushwick Avenue during this period. Bushwick homes were designed in the Italianate, Neo Greco, Romanesque Revival, and Queen Anne styles by well-known architects. Bushwick
12804-472: The project, $ 1.7 billion in city funding was allocated, with the remainder to be footed from the state and federal governments. Because of sizable opposition to demolishing the promenade, mayor Bill de Blasio later stated that his administration was open to considering other ideas, including routing the expressway over Brooklyn Bridge Park . Hundreds of people, including Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams and City Comptroller Scott Stringer, rallied on
12936-484: The promenade, calling for more public review. Local residents are strongly opposed to the construction of the temporary six-lane highway as it would run right up against their homes. In response, the Brooklyn Heights Association came up with an alternate plan, which called for the construction of a temporary bilevel roadway running besides the promenade on land including a parking lot. Support for reducing
13068-482: The reason: T. W. Field writes that "a nice functionary of the [Brooklyn] City Hall ... contemptuously thrust them into his waste-paper sacks", while Eugene Armbruster claims that the movable bookcase containing the records "was coveted by some municipal officer, who turned its contents upon the floor". At the turn of the 19th century, Bushwick consisted of four villages: Green Point, Bushwick Shore (later known as Williamsburg), Bushwick Green, and Bushwick Crossroads (at
13200-436: The rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 55% in Bushwick, higher than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Bushwick is considered to be gentrifying . Though an ethnic neighborhood, Bushwick's population is, for a New York City neighborhood, relatively heterogeneous, scoring
13332-404: The riots were over and the fires were put out, residents saw unsafe dwellings and empty lots among surviving buildings, leading one author to describe the scene as "some streets that looked like Brooklyn Heights , and others that looked like Dresden in 1945": The business vacancy rate on Broadway reached 43% in the wake of the riots. The 1977 blackout and resulting riots left Bushwick without
13464-644: The road runs along the East River harbor in Downtown Brooklyn/ Brooklyn Heights and is partially covered to create the Brooklyn Heights Promenade . As of October 2021 , the roadway has been reduced to two lanes in each direction between Atlantic Avenue and the Brooklyn Bridge as part of efforts to extend the life of the roadway and meet modern safety standards for lane width and shoulders. I-278, at this point maintained by
13596-597: The road, overseen by Robert Moses, started in 1939, with the parkway being built on top of the BMT Third Avenue Line . The parkway was completed in 1941 and became part of the Belt Parkway that received the NY ;27A designation. The Gowanus Parkway was to be reconstructed into the Gowanus Expressway in the 1950s to connect the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge to the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel. The first segment of
13728-450: The roadbed of the section of the parkway that is concurrent with I-278. This section of I-278 now has a 14-foot (4.3 m) vertical clearance, which allows most trucks to stay on I-278. In late 2024, the NYCDOT began considering a plan to construct freeway caps above parts of the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway, as well as converting the spaces under the expressway into public plazas. In 1999,
13860-580: The segment of I-278 between the Williamsburg Bridge and the Major Deegan Expressway , but this ultimately became a part of I-278. Additionally, the Bruckner Expressway portion of I-278 had been designated with different route numbers. At first, it was to be I-895 between I-87 and the Sheridan Expressway and I-678 past there. Later, I-278 was planned to follow the Bruckner Expressway and the Sheridan Expressway to I-95 (with no route number for
13992-512: The size of or tearing down the BQE increased, with articles in New York and The Wall Street Journal calling for the removal of the highway. They noted how the removal of highways in other cities improved local neighborhoods and led to economic development. Commissioner Trottenberg had dismissed calls to tear down the highway saying that the city got most of its freight by truck and that "For better or for worse, these Moses-built highways [...] now
14124-408: The spot where today's Bushwick Avenue turns southeast at Flushing Avenue ). Bushwick's first major expansion occurred after it annexed the New Lots of Bushwick, a hilly upland originally claimed by Native Americans in the first treaties they signed with European colonists granting the settlers rights to the lowland on the water. After the second war between the natives and the settlers broke out,
14256-567: The think tank Reason Foundation proposed placing the BQE within Brooklyn Heights in a tunnel. However, NYCDOT did not seriously consider this suggestion until 2016 when it studied six possible tunnel configurations. NYCDOT found that only the tunnel option starting at 21st Street on Third Avenue and ending near Kent Avenue in Williamsburg would be feasible. This option would have served as a bypass, with vehicles heading to Downtown Brooklyn, or
14388-532: The viaduct structure of the Gowanus Expressway has deteriorated. In 1998, a $ 16-million (equivalent to $ 27.9 million in 2023 ) feasibility study for a tunnel for the Gowanus Expressway was awarded. NYSDOT was considering putting the road in a tunnel, but, in November 2011, the FHWA canceled the project. The viaduct's vertical steel supports show material missing due to rust, but the federal government has stated that it
14520-530: The viaduct within Downtown Brooklyn and Fort Greene . Simultaneously, the Queens section of the BQE between Queens Boulevard and 25th Avenue was also renovated. The Koscisuzko Bridge was replaced from 2014 to 2017 with a new eastbound span that temporarily served both directions of traffic. A second span of the Kosciuszko Bridge opened in 2019 for westbound traffic, adding more lanes to the BQE across
14652-540: The western boundaries), the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway on the north, and the Brooklyn–Queens border on the east—thus including the industrial area north of Flushing Avenue and east of Bushwick Avenue. The centroid , or geographic center , of New York City is located on Stockholm Street in Bushwick, on the block between Wyckoff and St. Nicholas Avenues. In 1638, the Dutch West India Company secured
14784-479: The western leg is signed as part of I-278. I-278 turns west to run along the eight-lane state-maintained Grand Central Parkway , with Astoria Boulevard (and Hoyt Avenue later on) serving as a frontage road. The road runs along a depressed alignment, passing under Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor , then the New York City Subway 's BMT Astoria Line at 31st Street. The Grand Central Parkway overlap ends at
14916-544: Was 72,101, an increase of 7,484 (11.6%) from the 64,617 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 923.64 acres (373.78 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 78.1 inhabitants per acre (50,000/sq mi; 19,300/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 9.5% (6,819) non-Hispanic white , 28.1% (20,281) black , 0.2% (155) Native American , 2.4% (1,734) Asian , 0.0% (21) Pacific Islander , 0.4% (268) from other races , and 1.1% (809) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 58.3% (42,014) of
15048-516: Was Woodpoint Road, which allowed farmers to bring their goods to the town dock. This original settlement came to be known as Het Dorp by the Dutch, and, later, Bushwick Green by the British. The English would take over the six towns three years later and unite them under Kings County in 1683. Many of Bushwick's Dutch records were lost after its annexation by Brooklyn in 1854. Contemporary reports differ on
15180-610: Was a center of culture, with several Vaudeville-era playhouses, including the Amphion Theatre, the nation's first theatre with electric lighting. The wealth of the neighborhood peaked between World War I and World War II , even when events such as Prohibition and the Great Depression were taking place. After World War I, the German enclave was steadily replaced by a significant proportion of Italian Americans . By 1950, Bushwick
15312-438: Was able to fight these proposed routes, which created the two-tiered section above Furman Street with the promenade over it. Several tunnels were later proposed to replace the promenade, but none of the tunnel proposals were supported or funded. In 1958, existing segments of the expressway were eligible for Interstate Highway funding. For a short time, the segment of highway between the Robert F. Kennedy and Williamsburg bridges
15444-550: Was also planned to extend east beyond I-278 to John F. Kennedy International Airport , and then curve northward on the Clearview Expressway , ending at the Bruckner Interchange in the Bronx. If these plans were fully completed, I-78 and I-278 would have met at three interchanges. Two segments of I-278 have had different route number designations formerly planned or designated for it. I-87 was once planned to follow
15576-531: Was at the edge of Bushwick, at Gates Avenue and Broadway . This line was extended southeastward into East New York shortly thereafter. By the end of 1889, the Broadway Elevated and the Myrtle Avenue Elevated were completed, enabling easier access to Downtown Brooklyn and Manhattan and the rapid residential development of Bushwick from farmland. With the success of the brewing industry and
15708-478: Was built in 2005. After Todt Hill Road and Slosson Avenue, I-278 runs through a wooded area where it comes to an incomplete interchange that was to be the northern terminus of the Richmond Parkway . The road continues back into residential areas and comes to an interchange serving Clove Road and Richmond Road. Past this, I-278 passes over the Staten Island Railway rapid transit line. The next interchange
15840-482: Was built, however. The aborted section, from the expressway to Richmond Avenue, has become a part of the Staten Island Greenbelt , one of New York City's public parks. A ramp stub of an interchange on the expressway, cut into the hills of Todt Hill , still exists. Part of the trail system of the greenbelt was using the abandoned overpass bridge as pedestrian crossing of the expressway up until 2013, when it
15972-566: Was dismantled for lane widening improvements. The first link of the SIE opened in January 1964, from the Goethals Bridge to Victory Boulevard . The remainder opened later that year. The freeway had a total cost of $ 47 million (equivalent to $ 353 million in 2023 ). In 1998, bus lanes were created on the eastern part of the SIE near the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge; they were extended west to Todt Hill Road/Slosson Avenue in 2005. In 2008,
16104-558: Was established within a former nut roasting factory for live/work spaces. A Bushwick-centered news site, entitled Bushwick Daily , was founded in 2010 by Katarina Hybenova, and features community issues, events, food, art and culture. Starting in the mid-2000s, the city and state governments began the Bushwick Initiative, a two-year pilot program spearheaded by the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) and various community projects. The group's goal
16236-557: Was one of New York City's largest Italian American neighborhoods, although some German Americans remained. The Italian community was composed almost entirely of Sicilians, mostly from the Palermo , Trapani , and Agrigento provinces in Sicily . In particular, the Sicilian townsfolk of Menfi, Santa Margherita di Belice, Trapani, Castelvetrano, and many other paesi had their own clubs ( clubbu ) in
16368-527: Was opened in pieces from the 1930s through the 1960s. Some of its completed segments predated the Interstate Highway System and are thus not up to standards , and portions of I-278 have been upgraded over the years. In New York, the various parts of I-278 were planned by Robert Moses , an urban planner in New York City. The segments proposed tore through many New York City neighborhoods, causing controversy. Despite its number, I-278 does not connect to I-78 . There were once plans to extend I-278 west to I-78 east of
16500-507: Was settled, though unchartered, on February 16, 1660, on a plot of land between the Bushwick and Newtown Creeks by fourteen French and Huguenot settlers, a Dutch translator named Peter Jan De Witt, and one of the original eleven slaves brought to New Netherland , Franciscus the Negro, who had worked his way to freedom. The group centered their settlement on a church located near today's Bushwick and Metropolitan Avenues. The major thoroughfare
16632-414: Was similar to that of many Brooklyn neighborhoods. The U.S. Census records show that the neighborhood's population was almost 90% white in 1960, but dropped to less than 40% white by 1970. During this transition, white-collar workers were being replaced by those migrating from the south. Puerto Ricans , African Americans , among other Caribbean American families, moved into homes in the southeastern edge of
16764-469: Was the John Lindsay administration's policy of raising available rent for welfare recipients. Since these tenants could now bring higher rents than tenants would on the open market, landlords began filling vacant units with such tenants. By the mid-1970s, half of Bushwick's residents were on public assistance. According to The New York Times , Bushwick was "a neatly maintained community of wood houses" by
16896-542: Was the hub of the Sicilian community, and held five feasts during the year, complete with processions of saints or Our Lady of Trapani. St. Joseph opened in 1923 because the Italian community had been rapidly growing in Bushwick since 1900. This Sicilian community first was centered in Our Lady of Pompeii parish on Siegel Street in Williamsburgh. As industry expanded along Flushing Avenue , the Sicilian population expanded with
17028-527: Was to be designated I-87 and continue north as the Major Deegan Expressway. By 1959, the I-278 designation was given to the entire length of the highway. Since the roadway was constructed prior to modern expressway standards, the road needed to be upgraded to meet these standards. By the 1990s, a major multiyear project beginning in the 1980s brought upgrades to the BQE. In the early 2000s, the expressway underwent another upgrade project that replaced
17160-647: Was to improve quality of life in the twenty-three square blocks surrounding Maria Hernandez Park through various programs such as addressing deteriorated housing conditions, increasing economic development opportunities, and reducing drug dealing activities. The group's crime-reduction activities included collaboration with the HPD's Narcotics Control Unit and the New York City Police Department's 83rd Precinct and Narcotics Division to reduce drug-dealing. To reduce lead hazards in buildings, HPD and DOHMH created
17292-407: Was to repair the existing six-lane highway one lane at a time. The promenade walkway would be closed for up to six years under the first option and for two years under the second option, with periodic closures for construction use. The NYCDOT commissioner, Polly Trottenberg , called the project "the most challenging project not only in New York City, but arguably in the United States right now". For
17424-538: Was to run along an abandoned railroad right-of-way , it would traverse through dense development in Roselle Park , Kenilworth , and Union Township, thereby making the project further disliked. By 1967, state officials decided not to pursue the continuation of I-278 and used the funds for I-278 to build I-195 across Central Jersey instead. The only section of I-278 in New Jersey was built between US 1/9 in Linden and
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