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50-637: In 1852 the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions established a theological seminary in Harput to educate clergymen for the Armenian Evangelical Church , and expanded it 1859 to "American Harput Missionary College". To meet the growing demand for general education in English language, the school's program was extended in 1878, and it was renamed "Armenia College". However, after 10 years,

100-583: A Corresponding Secretary to produce written documents, and a Treasurer to receive donations. It also had board members . The ABCFM held its first meeting on September 5, 1810, and elected Samuel Worcester as corresponding secretary. In 1826, the American Board absorbed 26 members of the United Foreign Missionary Society (UFMS) into its board. In 1806, five students from Williams College in western Massachusetts took shelter from

150-834: A theological education to candidates for ministry during a portion of each year at Yantai . At its principal stations in China, the Society maintained large medical dispensaries and hospitals, boarding schools for boys and girls, colleges for native students, and other agencies for effecting the purposes of the mission. It also helped create the Canton Hospital . As of 1890 it had twenty-eight missionaries, sixteen lady agents, ten medical missionaries, four ordained native ministers, one hundred and five unordained native helpers, nearly one thousand communicants, and four hundred and fifty pupils in its schools. The ABCFM founded many colleges and schools in

200-576: A 1914 fire on West St. are also in the same cemetery. American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions ( ABCFM ) was among the first American Christian missionary organizations. It was created in 1810 by recent graduates of Williams College . In the 19th century it was the largest and most important of American missionary organizations and consisted of participants from Protestant Reformed traditions such as Presbyterians, Congregationalists, and German Reformed churches. Before 1870,

250-679: A degree in architecture, Byer became one of the leading forces in InterVarsity, as both a campus staff worker and as the West Coast Regional Director, and was the developer of the Manuscript Study method. Through his innovative approach to Bible Study, extensive mentoring, and long tenure he helped shape the theology and culture of the entire movement. The Manuscript Study method continues to be used heavily by InterVarsity as one of many tools to help students investigate and learn from

300-640: A federation of national Christian student movements. By 1950 there were 35 staff workers serving students in 499 InterVarsity chapters and by the early seventies, the on-campus staff had grown to more than 200. In September 2019, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowa ruled that the University of Iowa violated the First Amendment when it expelled the group from campus for requiring its leaders to uphold Christian beliefs. A similar ruling

350-640: A handwritten newspaper called Asbarez , which was soon forbidden by the Ottoman authorities. In 1895, Kurds looted and burned the Armenian villages on the Harput plain, and in the same month the town was attacked and eight of the twelve buildings on the campus were burned down. Following a change in the approach towards the Armenian population during the Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire,

400-717: A largely Congregationalist entity until the 1950s. In 1957, the Congregational Christian church merged with the German Evangelical and Reformed Church to form the United Church of Christ . As a part of the organizational merger associated with this new denomination, the ABCFM ceased to be independent. It merged operations with other missions entities to form the United Church Board for World Ministries, an agency of

450-421: A man and a woman. However, this change in policy has prompted controversy, especially from LGBTQ Christians and their supporters. Of the 772 campuses where InterVarsity is present, many have multiple chapters which might focus individually on Greek life students, international students, nursing students, graduate students, athletes, artists, and members of ethnic minorities, or be more generalized depending on

500-555: A military hospital. Euphrates College was officially closed shortly after the founding of the Republic of Turkey and nothing now remains of its buildings. In addition to Lulejian: Nigohos Tenekejian, Hachadoor Nahigian, Garabed Sohigian, Hovhannes Bujicanian , Mergerdich Vorberian, Samuel Hachadoorian. These 7 names are cited as Professors at Euphrates College on a memorial monument at Vernon Grove Cemetery, Milford , Massachusetts . Other memorials to Armenia & 11 Armenian victims of

550-480: A thunderstorm in a haystack. At the Haystack Prayer Meeting , they came to the common conviction that "the field is the world" and inspired the creation of the ABCFM four years later. The objective of the ABCFM was to spread Christianity worldwide. Congregationalist in origin, the ABCFM also accepted missionaries from Presbyterian (1812–70), Dutch-Reformed (1819–57) and other denominations. In 1812,

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600-564: Is a member of the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students . It is a collective campus ministry found in hundreds of American colleges whose collegiate members involve themselves in Christian student activist movements. InterVarsity is governed by a board of directors. Tom Lin became the eighth president of InterVarsity on August 10, 2016. The president works with a team of four Executive Vice Presidents. InterVarsity

650-581: Is a tax exempt organization under the provisions of Section 501(C)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. In the fiscal year ending 30 June 2018, InterVarsity had $ 107M in revenue (with over 70% coming from charitable donations) and $ 106.6M in expenditures. InterVarsity is a charter member of the Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability (ECFA), and uses more than 85% of its revenue for staff-worker salaries and other on-campus work. InterVarsity

700-524: The Indian Removal Act of 1830 in particular. By the 1830s, based on its experiences, the ABCFM prohibited unmarried people from entering the mission field. They required couples to have been engaged at least two months prior to setting sail. To help the missionaries find wives, they maintained a list of women who were "missionary-minded": "young, pious, educated, fit and reasonably good-looking." The policy against sending single women as missionaries

750-516: The Ottoman authorities urged to change the school's name, which became finally "Euphrates College". For the building of the college, $ 140,000 funds were raised from the US Government and $ 40,000 from the local people in 1875. The facilities at the college consisted of a hospital and an orphanage in addition to a theological seminary and high schools for boys and girls. In 1891, the school shortly released

800-612: The Sandwich Islands (Hawaii); east Asia: China, Singapore and Siam ( Thailand ); the Middle East: ( Greece , Cyprus , Turkey , Syria , the Holy Land and Persia ( Iran )); and Africa: Western Africa— Cape Palmas —and Southern Africa—among the Zulus . Jeremiah Evarts served as treasurer, 1812–20, and as corresponding secretary from 1821 until his death in 1831. Under his leadership,

850-456: The University of Michigan campus. As an immediate result of that visit, students formed the first InterVarsity chapter in the United States. InterVarsity's first three staff members came on loan from Canada, and Stacey Woods served as the organization's General Secretary (CEO). In 1947 InterVarsity USA became one of ten founding members of the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students ,

900-664: The animistic people in Hawaii. Printing and literacy played crucial roles in the process of Bible translation. Similarly, the press runs and literacy presentations contributed significantly to the social involvement exhibited by the Board. To a greater or lesser extent, education, medicine, and social concerns supplemented the preaching efforts by missionaries. Schools provided ready-made audiences for preachers. Free, or Lancasterian , schools provided numerous students. Boarding students in missionary homes allowed them to witness Christian life in

950-495: The 1500th anniversary of the Armenian alphabet was celebrated with a large procession. With the support of German missionaries, in the college was inaugurated a Bible school on the 1 October 1913. In 1915 several of the leading Armenian members of the faculty were arrested, tortured, and executed on trumped-up charges. The college buildings were then occupied by the Ottoman Military and initially used as training camp, and later as

1000-544: The 20 Better Business Bureau's "Standards for Charity Accountability". InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA became an official organization in November, 1941. But the organization traces its roots to a movement of British university students, starting at Cambridge University in 1877. The movement spread to Canada before reaching the U.S. In 1938 Stacey Woods, the Canadian Inter-Varsity director, met with students on

1050-494: The ABCFM consisted of Protestants of several denominations, including Congregationalists and Presbyterians. However, due to secessions caused by the issue of slavery and by the fact that New School Presbyterian -affiliated missionaries had begun to support the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions , after 1870 the ABCFM became a Congregationalist body. The American Board (as it was frequently known) continued to operate as

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1100-507: The ABCFM sent its first missionaries – Adoniram and Ann Hasseltine Judson ; Samuel and Roxana Peck Nott; Samuel and Harriet Newell ; Gordon Hall , and Luther Rice —to British India. Between 1812 and 1840, they were followed by missionaries to the following people and places: Tennessee to the Cherokee Indians , India (the Bombay area), northern Ceylon (modern day Sri Lanka ),

1150-518: The ABCFM sought firstly to proclaim the Gospel of Jesus Christ. At home and abroad, the Board and its supporters undertook every effort to exhort the evangelical community, to train a cadre of agents, and to send forth laborers into the mission field. As a leader in the United Front and early federal American voluntary associations, the Board influenced the nineteenth-century mission movement. By 1850,

1200-596: The American Board had sent 157 ordained, male missionaries to foreign posts. The January 1855 issue of the Missionary Herald listed the Current missions of the Board as follow: Orthodox, Trinitarian and evangelical in their theology, speakers to the annual meetings of the Board challenged their audiences to give of their time, talent and treasure in moving forward the global project of spreading Christianity. At first reflective of late colonial "occasional" sermons,

1250-570: The Armenians received much more rights. In 1909, the college began to publish a newspaper called Yeprad ( Euphrates in Armenian). A printing press was installed within the college and following several bulletins, but also religious and school books were printed in Armenian script . The college was an influential institution for the cultivation of the Armenian language during the Ottoman Empire and in 1913

1300-453: The Bible and Life Training Courses, experienced by decades of students. InterVarsity, as a member movement, participates in the global student ministry network, the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students (IFES), by sending staff and recent graduates to work under the authority of local IFES staff in countries around the world. InterVarsity operates several training centers, Campus by

1350-866: The Chinese and Malays of the Straits Settlements . From 1842 to his death in 1846, Mr. Abeel devoted himself to establishing a mission in Amoy (modern Xiamen). The American Board followed with many other appointments in rapid succession. Revs. Ira Tracy and Samuel Wells Williams (1812–1884), followed in 1833, settling at Singapore and Macau . In the same year Revs. Stephen Johnson (missionary) and Samuel Munson went to Bangkok and Sumatra . There were four great centers from which smaller stations were maintained. These were Fuzhou , in connection with which were fifteen churches; North China, embracing Beijing, Kalgan , Tianjin, Tengzhou , and Baoding , with smaller stations in

1400-575: The Dakota mission experienced the explosion of Dakota violence in August 1862 at the start of the U.S.-Dakota War. Some of them attended the imprisoned Dakota and accompanied the exiled Dakota when they were forced out of Minnesota in 1863, especially those of the Williamson and Riggs families. The Dakota mission translated the Bible into Dakota and produced a dictionary and a schoolbook. The Ojibwe mission translated

1450-827: The Green Bay mission (Michigan Territory at Green Bay), the Dakota mission (Michigan Territory/Iowa Territory/Minnesota Territory primarily along the Mississippi and the Minnesota (St. Peters) Rivers), the Ojibwe mission (Michigan Territory/Wisconsin Territory/Minnesota Territory/ Wisconsin at La Pointe and Odanah, Yellow Lake, Pokegama Lake, Sandy Lake, Fond du Lac, and Red Lake), and the Whitman mission in Oregon. Missionaries of

1500-457: The New Testament into Ojibwe and produced a number of schoolbooks, but used a now-abandoned notation style to do so. Both were among the first to render these languages in print. Indigenous preachers associated with the Board proclaimed an orthodox message, but they further modified the presentation beyond how the missionaries had developed subtle differences with the home leaders. Drawing upon

1550-818: The Ottoman Empire and the Balkans. For example, the American College of Sofia in Bulgaria is the successor to a Boys' School founded by the ABCFM in 1860 in Plovdiv and a Girls' School in Stara Zagora in 1863. They were combined in Samokov, Bulgaria in 1871, and moved to Sofia in the late 1920s. InterVarsity Christian Fellowship InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA ( IVCF ) is an evangelical Christian student movement with affiliate groups on university campuses in U.S. . It

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1600-736: The Scriptures into a mother tongue reflected a sensitivity to culture and a desire to work within the host society. Second only to the verbal proclamation of the Gospel, Bible translation took place in all sorts of settings: among ancient Christian churches, such as the Armenians and the Assyrian [Nestorian] church; cultures with a written language and a written religious heritage, such as the Marathi ; and creating written languages in cultures without them, such as among

1650-512: The Sea , Catalina Island, CA; Toah Nipi, Rindge, NH; Cedar Campus, Cedarville, MI; Bear Trap Ranch, Colorado Springs, CO; and, until recently, Forest Springs, WI. These camps are used for weekend conferences during the school year, week-long training sessions at the beginning and end of summer break, and faculty and alumni retreats. In 1947 the InterVarsity/USA Board of Trustees determined that

1700-699: The United Church of Christ. Other organizations that draw inspiration from the ABCFM include InterVarsity Christian Fellowship , the Conservative Congregational Christian Conference , and the Missionary Society of the National Association of Congregational Christian Churches . The ABCFM conducted an annual meeting with a Prudential Committee (aka Executive Committee) that took care of day-to-day business. It elected

1750-417: The annual meeting addresses gradually took on the quality of "anniversary" sermons. The optimism and cooperation of post- millennialism held a major place in the scheme of the Board sermons. After having listened to such sermons and been influenced at colleges, college and seminary students prepared to proclaim the gospel in foreign cultures. Their short dissertations and pre-departure sermons reflected both

1800-597: The board in 1821 expanded the role of women: it authorized Ellen Stetson , the first unmarried female missionary to the American Indians , and Betsey Stockton , the first unmarried female overseas missionary and the first African-American missionary. Evarts led the organization's efforts to place missionaries with American Indian tribes in the Southeastern United States. He also led the ABCFM's extensive fight against Indian removal policies in general and

1850-478: The campus. These include 71 ethnic-specific chapters ministering to Blacks, Asians, Native Americans, Filipinos, and Latinos. Of the 34,750 active InterVarsity students, 15,198, or 44%, identify themselves as ethnic minority or multiracial students. Nurses Christian Fellowship (NCF) is unique among the ministries of InterVarsity; it is a professional organization as well as a student ministry. In addition to campus ministry, NCF offers continuing education courses and

1900-466: The intimacy of the family. Education empowered indigenous people. Mostly later than 1840, it enabled them to develop their own church leaders and take a greater role in their communities. Board missionaries established some form of education at every station. A number of Board missionaries also received some medical training before leaving for the field. Some, like Ida Scudder , were trained as physicians but ordained as missionaries and concentrated on

1950-481: The latest available IRS Form 990 data (for Fiscal Year 2020) is currently rated at three stars by Charity Navigator. However, InterVarsity continued to maintain a 100 percent score in Accountability and Transparency. InterVarsity strives to maintain the highest level of accountability with its ministry partners and is also rated by sites such as Guidestar and MinistryWatch . InterVarsity (as of 2018) met 18 of

2000-472: The light of modern science shown in contrast with "superstition" would prove effective. He and his wife taught astronomy , mathematics , natural philosophy, and history. He trained young men to be teachers all over North China. The young men whom he had trained in Biblical instruction began native ministry. Drs. John Livingstone Nevius and Hunter Corbett (1862–1918) co-operated in this latter work, by giving

2050-462: The message they shared. The missionaries found the audiences to be similar to Americans in their responses to the gospel message. Some rejected it outright, others accepted it, and a few became Christian proclaimers themselves. Among the North American missions of the ABCFM north or west of the displaced Southeast tribes were the 1823 Mackinaw Mission ( Mackinac Island and Northern Michigan ),

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2100-419: The outlook of annual Board sermons and sensitivity to host cultures. Once the missionaries entered the field, optimism remained yet was tempered by the realities of pioneering mission work in a different milieu. Many of the Board agents sought—through eclectic dialogue and opportunities as they presented themselves, as well as itinerant preaching—to bring the cultures they met, observed, and lived in to bear upon

2150-578: The positive and negative aspects of their own cultures, the native evangelists steeped their messages in Biblical texts and themes. At times, indigenous workers had spectacular or unexpected results. On many occasions, little fruit resulted from their labors. Whatever the response, the native preachers worked on—even in the midst of persecution—until martyrdom or natural death took them. Native preachers and other indigenous people assisted Board missionaries in Bible translation efforts. The act of translating

2200-400: The professional publication, Journal of Christian Nursing , to practicing nurses. Bible study has always been an important part of InterVarsity's campus ministry. InterVarsity staff worker Paul Byer is credited with developing the Manuscript Study method of inductive Bible study , a useful tool for inductive Bible studies. After graduating from the University of Southern California with

2250-866: The task of preaching. Others, such as Peter Parker , sought to practice both the callings of missionary and medical practitioner. After the London Missionary Society and the Netherlands Missionary Society , the Americans were the next to venture into the mission field of China. The Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, representing the Congregational Churches of the United States, sent out Revs. David Abeel and Elijah Coleman Bridgman in 1829. They were received in February 1830 by Dr. Robert Morrison . These men worked first among

2300-408: The teachings of the Bible. Other early staff members laid more of the foundation for InterVarsity's commitment to Bible study. Jane Hollingsworth learned inductive Bible study in seminary and in turn trained staff members in the 1940s. She wrote the first Bible study guide published by InterVarsity, Discovering the Gospel of Mark . In the 1960s, veteran staff member Barbara Boyd developed what became

2350-562: The various districts of the center missions; Hong Kong; and Shanxi , with two stations in the midst of districts filled with opium cultivation and staffed by missionaries of the Oberlin Band of Oberlin College . At Tengzhou missionaries established a college, over which Dr. Calvin Mateer presided. Tengzhou was one of the centers for Chinese literary competitive examinations. Mateer believed that

2400-506: Was issued against Wayne State University in April 2021. In 2016, InterVarsity clarified its requirements for staff, asking that they affirm traditional, orthodox views of sexuality that are shared by most evangelical denominations. Staff are asked to affirm a twenty-page document which affirms the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament sexual ethic that limits sexual expression to marriage between

2450-417: Was not strictly followed and was reversed in 1868. The secretary post was offered to Elias Cornelius in October 1831, but he became ill and died in February 1832. Rufus Anderson was the General Secretary of the Board from 1832 through the mid-1860s. His legacy included administrative gifts, setting of policy, visiting around the world, and chronicling the work of the ABCFM in books. Between 1810 and 1840,

2500-431: Was rated 4 stars (out of 4) by Charity Navigator for eight straight years. Michael Thatcher, the president of Charity Navigator, reported : "Only 3% of the charities we evaluate have received at least 8 consecutive 4-star evaluations, indicating that InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA outperforms most other charities in America." In 2019 InterVarsity slipped just below the cut-off for the four-star rating, and based on

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