65-411: Equal Opportunities Commission may refer to: Equal Opportunities Commission (Hong Kong) Equal Opportunities Commission (United Kingdom) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Equal Opportunities Commission . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
130-700: A British journalist from the Sunday Times . The marriage lasted two years. In 1989, Lau remarried to a Hong Kong lawyer, Winston Poon, QC. They met in London during her visit to discuss the Hong Kong Basic Law with the members of Parliament of the United Kingdom . In 2006, she changed her marital status to "unmarried" in the Legislative Council office registry. Stephen Lau Sing-hung, Emily Lau's brother,
195-714: A former deputy director of the Social Welfare Department , one month after Wong resigned. Chu was given the position as a "transitional measure" with a one-year term, two years less than her predecessors. Legislators, academics and activists have criticised the government for appointing a former civil servant because it would harm the EOC's perceived independence. Chu left the post after a year as chairperson on 15 December 2004. The government said she declined to renew her contract for personal reasons. The South China Morning Post reported that renewal negotiations had collapsed after
260-509: A member of the commission since its founding. Michael Wong, a retired judge, replaced Wu on 1 August 2003. Supporters of Wu said her contract was not renewed because she had criticised the government as the EOC chairperson. During his three-month tenure, Wong dismissed Patrick Yu before he took up the post as the commission's director of operations because Yu had written in the South China Morning Post that Hong Kong should enact
325-480: A race discrimination law. Wong had said that making those comments were inappropriate. Before being appointed to the post by Anna Wu, Yu was the executive director of the Northern Ireland Council for Ethnic Minorities. Sixty civil and human rights NGOs asked Wong to resign because of Yu's dismissal and allegations that Wong had accepted free air tickets as a judge. Wong resigned on 6 November, saying that
390-452: A thorn in the side of the Hong Kong administration. She was equally a critic of Britain and Beijing. The last British Governor Chris Patten aimed at a faster pace of democratisation. Governor Patten carried out the reform packages which extended voting rights to millions of people in the revised functional constituency indirect elections. The reform packages were ferociously criticised by
455-634: Is a politician in Hong Kong who champions press freedom and human rights . A former journalist, she became the first woman directly elected on the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in the 1991 LegCo elections . She has served as Legislative Councillor for the New Territories East Constituency throughout the 1990s and 2000s until she stepped down in 2016. She was chairperson of the Democratic Party of Hong Kong until 2016. Lau
520-560: Is a public body in Hong Kong that investigates discrimination complaints and promotes equality . It was created in 1996 as the city's first semi-governmental agency focused on sex discrimination . Its scope has since been expanded to include protecting groups based on race , disability , and family status. In the early 1990s, women in Hong Kong were not protected against sex discrimination or sexual harassment , because courts could not directly enforce human rights convention that included
585-402: Is found in cases, the EOC can provide legal assistance, including representation in court, to the person making the complaint. It also conducts research and offers public educational programmes to promote equal opportunities. From 2018 to 2022, the EOC received 5,014 complaints and decided not to investigate or discontinued the investigation in 79% of the cases. The EOC also reviews whether
650-593: The Watergate scandal and investigative journalism having had a major formative effect on her views on the role and potential of the free press. After returning to Hong Kong, Lau worked between 1976 and 1978 as a reporter for the South China Morning Post , the major English-language newspaper in Hong Kong. She then started doing television journalism when she joined the Television Broadcasts (TVB) and
715-632: The right to equality . The median wage of women in 1994 was about a third lower than that of men, and classified advertisements often limited senior positions in the private sector to men and low-paying jobs only sought female applicants. The Hong Kong government has had a history of opposing anti-discrimination legislation. When the United Kingdom ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1986,
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#1732851741437780-477: The 1990s, the Hong Kong government was increasingly pressured to address equality and human rights. During the 1991 legislative election , which produced Hong Kong's first directly elected lawmakers, women's groups pressed candidates into acknowledging discrimination against women. As a result, the 1991 Legislative Council asserted more pressure on the executive than its predecessors. In November 1991, Legislative Councillor Emily Lau helped form an ad-hoc group in
845-697: The Beijing government for violating the Sino-British agreements. During the reform packages discussions, Lau proposed a private member's bill which would have allowed all 60 Legislative Council seats to be directly elected in the 1995 election. The bill was beaten by only one vote. In 1993, Lau tabled a motion to seek assurances of right of abode in Britain for the British National (Overseas) passport holders in case they were expelled from Hong Kong after 1997. The motion
910-538: The Central People's Government Liaison Office) applied to the court for her bankruptcy. In the 2002 Chief executive election , Lau was against supporting an alternative candidate as some pro-democracy allies argued: "As it is not a fair, open and democratic election, we should not participate in it and give it any legitimacy." Lau co-founded the Coalition Against Second Term (CAST) to draw attention to
975-666: The Chinese central government since the Tiananmen protests of 1989. In June 2010, as vice-chairperson of the Democratic Party, she voted with her party in favour of the government's reform package, which included the party's late amendment – accepted by Beijing – to hold a popular vote for five new District Council (second) functional constituencies. Lau's less radical behaviour in this period, when compared to more radical populist figures Leung Kwok-hung and Wong Yuk-man , led her to become
1040-472: The Democratic Party suffered the worst defeat in the party's history in the 2012 Legislative Council election . Chairman Albert Ho resigned as chairman and Lau became acting Chairperson of the party for three months. In the party leadership election on 16 December 2012 she was elected chairperson, narrowly defeating vice-chairman Sin Chung-kai (149 votes to 133), therefore becoming the first female leader of
1105-576: The EOC had an expenditure of HK$ 132.4 million and hired 106 members of staff. A board of up to 16 members and a chairperson, whom are appointed by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong , leads the EOC. Although members can be part-time or full-time, the chairperson must work full-time to oversee the EOC's operation, with a salary determined by the Chief Executive. Emily Lau Emily Lau Wai-hing , JP ( Chinese : 劉慧卿 ; born 21 January 1952)
1170-501: The Equal Opportunities Bill in 1994. She believed that tabling the bill three years before the handover of Hong Kong was a window of opportunity to expand equality rights. The bill sought to outlaw discrimination on grounds including sex, marital status, pregnancy, sexuality , race, age, disability, and political and religious conviction. If passed, it would also prohibit employers from placing advertisements that specify
1235-470: The Hong Kong branch of the Xinhua News Agency over its slow response to her queries for personal information. She lost the case and was ordered by the court to pay legal fees of HK$ 1.6 million. Claiming that her lawsuit was in the public interest, she attempted to raise funds from the general public to pay for this injunction. By December 2000 she was still $ 1 million short and the agency (now
1300-526: The LegCo debate. The five councillors met the British Foreign Secretary and other senior officials, but achieved little. In the 1995 Legislative Council elections Lau was re-elected in her constituency with 58.51 per cent of votes cast, the highest figure among all of the geographical constituencies. Growing disillusioned with the Democratic Party , the pro-democracy party formed in 1994 to replace
1365-554: The Legislative Council Finance Committee, position that she covered on and off until 2012. In the Chief executive election held in 2005 after unpopular Tung Chee-hwa stepped down, Lau announced her interest in running for the post, to foster discussions over Hong Kong's democratic development. Due to the opposition from secretary-general Andrew To and from other members of The Frontier, Lau ultimately did not run in
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#17328517414371430-562: The Legislative Council until it was disbanded by the PRC following the handover on 1 July 1997. Lau also participated in street protests and in December 1996 she scuffled with the riot police outside the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre together with Andrew Cheng and Lee Cheuk-yan , while demonstrating outside the closed-door election for the post-handover Chief executive . She
1495-484: The Legislative Council. Public hearings on the bill were held in 1995. In April 1995, Wu decided to break the bill into three, each addressing different areas of discrimination to ensure that some parts of it could pass before the legislative session ended. On the other hand, the government on 27 May 1995 pushed to resume second reading of its Sex Discrimination Bill against the wishes of the bills committee and before amendments were finalised. The Sex Discrimination Bill
1560-1087: The Taiwan people themselves". Her subsequent refusal to explicitly recognise Taiwan as a part of the PRC during an interview again drew criticism from more conservative sectors of the Hong Kong society, including attacks from pro-Beijing politician Leung Chun-ying , who became Chief executive in 2012. Beside her legal problems, Lau has been the victim of several criminal nuisance cases, including telephone nuisance to her office in January and October 2003, and two occasions when food and/or faeces were splashed outside her office in Shatin , in July and September 2003. A woman and an old man were arrested and fined in connection with some of these cases. Most notably, an arson attack against Lau's office took place on 21 June 2004. Posters outside her office, about an upcoming rally, were burned. Words were left saying "All Chinese traitors must die." She fiercely opposed
1625-586: The United Democrats of Hong Kong, in August 1996 Lau founded a new political group, The Frontier , which took a more aggressively pro-democracy, pro-human rights and anti-Communist Party stance, with left wing positions on economic matters. Lau became the Convenor of the new party, which managed to obtain five legislators and become the fourth largest political group in the legislature before the handover. Lau remained in
1690-486: The anti-discrimination ordinances are effective and propose changes. Its first anti-discrimination law review began in 2013 and ended in 2016. The EOC is mainly funded by the Hong Kong government. It can manage its funding, structure and activities without government interference, so long as its operations "reflect the most effective and prudent use of the Government’s subventions". In the financial year 2021 to 2022,
1755-623: The bill immediately and maintained that the public must be consulted first. After nine months of preparation, it issued the Green Paper on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men in August 1993. Legal scholar Carole Petersen said the government had understated discrimination against women in the green paper . By the end of the public consultation, Secretary for Home Affairs Michael Suen said that "[it] would be difficult for [the government] to come up with credible arguments not to extend CEDAW". Anna Wu , an appointed Legislative Councillor, tabled
1820-703: The bill would violate the Basic Law , which was to become Hong Kong's mini-constitution after the city's sovereignty is transferred to China in 1997. Wu Jianfan said the tribunal was not mentioned in the Basic Law and therefore could not exist in Hong Kong under Chinese rule. The Hong Kong government rejected the bills in June 1994 and instead tabled two other bills with a narrower scope that separately banned sex and disability discrimination. The bill on sex discrimination also sought to set up an equal opportunities commission instead of
1885-771: The chairperson in September 2015 but did not inform Chow. Chow applied for the position to renew his term but he was eliminated in the first round of selection. Alfred Chan replaced Chow as chairperson on 11 April 2016. Less than two months after Chan's appointment, some legislators raised concerns over Chan's comments that a law to protect sexual minorities from discrimination and his conflation of gender identity and sexual orientation . Women groups also called for Chan to resign after he said women were not concerned about equal pay and women were driven to elderly care because they are more attentive than men. The EOC said Chan's remarks intended to highlight inequality but did not communicate
1950-541: The controversial national security bill in 2002 and 2003, as it was clashing with requirements of the Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23 . After the 2003 July 1 march in 2003, she was the second candidate listed on the joint list with other pro-democrats parties in the New Territories East constituency and was elected again in the 2004 Legislative Council elections . She was also nominated chairwoman of
2015-505: The direct elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) were first introduced in the 1991 elections , Lau resigned from her posts and ran for office in the New Territories East geographical constituency (GC). She campaigned for five months portraying herself as a new breed of politician in Hong Kong, appealing to a broad section of the Hong Kong population. The elections saw a liberal landslide victory and she became
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2080-522: The election. Democratic Party chairman Lee Wing-tat remained the sole pro-democratic candidate in this election, but he did not manage to secure the threshold of 100 nominations necessary for the job. At the time of her election to LegCo in 1991, Lau was generally considered to be the most radical legislator in Hong Kong. However over time her radical image was overshadowed by activist Leung Kwok-hung and other radicals and her popular votes continuously declined. In September 2008 LegCo elections Emily Lau
2145-515: The establishment of a statutory right to access to information, she advocated for a complete rewrite of the Basic Law (Hong Kong's constitutional document) and for democracy in mainland China . In terms of economics policy, she supported legislation on fair trading, opposed the import of foreign labour and called for the introduction of a minimum wage . Lau received the Bruno Kreisky Award for her human rights work in 1998. In 1998, Lau sued
2210-528: The fate of Hong Kong after 1997. She later noted, "My passion for politics began to develop in 1982, when China told Britain that it would impose a settlement on Hong Kong if the two sides could not reach an agreement by 1984. From that moment, politics began to matter." Lau returned to Hong Kong as Hong Kong correspondent of the Hong Kong-based Far Eastern Economic Review in 1984. The position allowed her access and insights into
2275-539: The first woman elected in direct elections, together with her fellow pro-democracy politicians of the United Democrats of Hong Kong (UDHK). Their success was in part due to the fear of Communist China by the Hong Kong population after the Tiananmen massacre of early June 1989. In this period, Lau became a household name in Hong Kong politics and the legislator came to be known as both a champion of her constituents and
2340-531: The flawed process of choosing the Chief executive, the lack of competition and the need for real democracy. On international issues, Lau is supportive of self-determination for Taiwan. In 2003, she and another legislator, James To of the Democratic Party, attended a seminar entitled "Hong Kong Under One Country, Two Systems" organised by a pro- Taiwan independence group headed by former ROC President Lee Teng-hui . Lau stated that "Taiwan's future should be determined by
2405-434: The government as a longtime civil servant and the former health secretary. They also said Chow avoided saying if he supported a law to prohibit discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. After becoming the chairperson, Chow reversed his position and supported such a legislation By the end of his tenure, he was seen to have made queer culture more visible in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong government began to recruit for
2470-400: The government offered only a six-month contract when Chu requested for another one-year term. Raymond Tang began his five-year tenure as chairperson a month after Chu's departure. Tang was succeeded by Lam Woon-kwong on 1 February 2010. Former health secretary York Chow became the EOC chairperson on 1 April 2013. Human rights activists initially questioned whether Chow would criticise
2535-582: The hands of a communist dictatorship. Is that morally defensible, or is it really true that in international politics the highest form of morality is one's own national interest?" Thatcher replied by saying that everyone in Hong Kong was happy with the agreement, and Lau may be a solitary exception. Lau was also involved with the Hong Kong Journalists Association during this period, serving first as an executive committee member, then vice-chair and finally chairperson from 1989 to 1991. When
2600-405: The incisive soundbite." Since she joined the Democratic Party, her earlier strident stance toward the Beijing government mellowed somewhat. After she met with the mainland officials for negotiations over the 2010 Hong Kong electoral reform and voted with her party in favour of the reforms, she received ferocious attacks from radical democrats for her compromise. In 1983, Lau married John Ball,
2665-430: The independent human rights commission Anna Wu had proposed. Wu and equality groups criticised the decision, saying that an equal opportunities commission, unlike a human rights commission, could only monitor and settle discrimination complaints and lacked the legal power to prosecute people who violated anti-discrimination laws. Despite government opposition, Wu's Equal Opportunities Bill proceeded to different stages at
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2730-483: The legislature to study women's issues. In March 1992, an inter-departmental working group on sex discrimination was created to advise the government on whether to extend CEDAW to Hong Kong. On 16 December 1992, Lau introduced a bill that urged the Hong Kong government to support the application of CEDAW. The government opposed the bill, but it was nonetheless passed after all but the three ex-officio members voted in its favour. The Hong Kong government did not act on
2795-736: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equal_Opportunities_Commission&oldid=932816725 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Equal Opportunities Commission (Hong Kong) Vincent Cheng Wing-shun Rosanna Choi Yi-tak Lily Chow Theresa Cunanan James Matthew Fong Simon Lam Ken-chung Sigmund Leung Sai-man Vishal Melwani Henry Shie Wai-hung Anna Thompson Shirley To Shuk-yi Linda Tsang Chi-man Rizwan Ullah Gary Wong Chi-him The Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC)
2860-429: The main target for attacks by Wong and People Power . Hong Kong (pro-democracy) Hong Kong (centrist) Hong Kong (pro-ROC) Hong Kong (localist) Macau Republic of China (Taiwan) (groups of pro-Chinese identity) Hong Kong (pro-democracy) Hong Kong (pro-ROC) Hong Kong (localist) Republic of China (Taiwan) (groups of pro-Chinese identity) Current Former In September 2012,
2925-504: The media was unfairly criticising him and his family and that the government was unsupportive during the scandal. The Independent Commission Against Corruption later investigated Wong on suspicion of bribery after complaints were filed that he had used false documents to apply for government reimbursement of air tickets valued at HK$ 171,666 for him and his family. The prosecutor decided not to file charges against Wong due to insufficient evidence. The government appointed Patricia Chu,
2990-420: The offer that included a salary of $ 157,250 and a monthly cash bonus of $ 70,320. The EOC brought its first sex discrimination case to court in 1997. It sued Apple Daily , which placed an advertisement for "pretty female reporters" to report on balls and social events. The District Court judge ruled in favour of Apple Daily because the language used in the advertisement in the newspaper's celebrity section
3055-488: The party chair post in December 2016 and was succeeded by legislator Wu Chi-wai . She also relinquished all of her party positions in the coming months. After her retirement from the LedCo, she kept working as a television journalist, interviewing several political heavyweights in her shows. Lau is considered a politician with strong convictions on the promotion of democratic human rights and equal opportunities in Hong Kong. She
3120-455: The party since its formation in 1994. Emily Lau and other Democratic Party members supported the 2014 Hong Kong protests . On 11 December 2014, Lau was arrested by the police with a group of about a hundred demonstrators staging a final sit-in, after a 75-day street occupation. Among these were other prominent democratic legislators including Martin Lee and Alan Leong . On 14 December 2014, she
3185-860: The point clearly. Ricky Chu became the EOC's eighth chairperson on 11 April 2019. Linda Lam became the EOC's ninth chairperson on 11 April 2024. The EOC's main function is to implement the four anti-discrimination ordinances in Hong Kong, namely the Sex Discrimination Ordinance, the Disability Discrimination Ordinance, the Family Status Discrimination Ordinance and the Race Discrimination Ordinance. It aims to promote equal opportunities by receiving complaints and investigating alleged cases of discrimination. If potential discrimination
3250-856: The politics of the colonial Hong Kong. In 1987 Lau took up a position at the Journalism and Communication Department of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) and subsequently at the Extra-Mural Department of the University of Hong Kong (HKU). In December 1984, after signing the Sino-British Joint Declaration , British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher flew to Hong Kong to give a press conference. Lau questioned Thatcher: "Prime Minister, two days ago you signed an agreement with China promising to deliver over 5 million people into
3315-498: The popular vote and Lau was returned again to the Legislative Council where she remained until her retirement. Lau led The Frontier to put pressure on the government for an early democratisation of Hong Kong and was an outspoken critic of a number of LedCo motions, especially on the topic of human rights; she was also sceptical of the reliability of the " One country, two systems " principle. Beside pushing for tightened human rights protection, greater efforts on equal opportunities and
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#17328517414373380-457: The same year Lau called for the boycott of Hong Kong's future first election under PRC rule, condemning the voting system as unfair and the proportional representation as highly favouring pro-Beijing candidates. After the handover in 1998 she was required to relinquish her British passport and adopt Chinese citizenship to be eligible in running for the 1998 Hong Kong legislative election . The pro-democracy camp ended up winning 63 per cent of
3445-685: The sex and age of jobseekers. As a private member's bill that did not affect government revenue, the Equal Opportunities Bill was tabled without government consent. Wu also put forth the Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission Bill, which would create a statutory body for equality and a tribunal to adjudicate claims under the Equal Opportunities Bill. The Equal Opportunities Tribunal could cost 800 million Hong Kong dollars to set up. The proposed equality institutions were also opposed by China. Legal scholar Wu Jianfan of Peking University and Hong Kong pro-Beijing politician Raymond Wu said
3510-455: The treaty also applied to other British dependent territories . However, the Hong Kong government requested CEDAW to not be extended to the city until it could assess its effect. It said that ratifying CEDAW might cause "significant economic and social consequences", and specifically, that CEDAW and anti-discrimination laws would harm Hong Kong's laissez-faire market and traditional Chinese customs that treat men and women differently. In
3575-496: Was a Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Guangzhou committee member in the 1980s, was the chairman of Ernst & Young 's tax service before he left in 2006 and was chief executive of China Timber Resources Group from 2007 to 2010. Despite his sister's political stance, he came to notoriety when he filed a claim in the Small Claims Tribunal for HK$ 314.60 against Occupy Central 's organiser Benny Tai during
3640-487: Was barely re-elected in the New Territories East constituency, obtaining much fewer votes than in past elections. After reviewing the election results, in November 2008 The Frontier decided to merge with the more mainstream Democratic Party and Lau became one of its two vice-chairpersons. After this, her earlier strident stance toward the Beijing government and her fierce opposition to pro-Beijing supporters mellowed somewhat: this
3705-774: Was born on 21 January 1952 in Hong Kong . In 1948, Lau's parents moved from Guangdong to Hong Kong during the Chinese Civil War . In 1962, attended the new English-language Maryknoll Sisters' School in Happy Valley , where she studied until 1972. When she was in primary school, she was given the English name Emily by her aunt. In 1976, Lau earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Broadcast Journalism from University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California. She later cited
3770-404: Was labelled by the Hong Kong government as "radical", "outside mainstream public opinion" and a "solitary exception". She was among the most popular legislators throughout the 1990s. The last British Governor Chris Patten regarded Lau as a "professional politician, handsome, well informed and dashingly eloquent, who would have got to the top in any Western political system" and an "exponent of
3835-497: Was passed at 1:25 am on 29 June 1995 after a nine-hour debate, during which the government and pro-business legislators stopped attempts by liberal lawmakers to expand the bill's scope by removing the Small House Policy exemption and shortening the grace period for small businesses. The EOC was established on 20 May 1996 with Fanny M. Cheung as its first chairperson, after candidates such as Elsie Leung turned down
3900-509: Was perceived by some in a very negative way. On 24 May 2010, Emily Lau and Democratic Party chairman Albert Ho , together with veteran Cheung Man-kwong met with Beijing representatives headed by Li Gang, the deputy director of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong , for negotiations over the 2012 constitutional reform package . This was the first meeting between Democratic Party leaders and senior officials from
3965-642: Was promoted to senior producer in 1981. She continued her studies in the early 1980s at the London School of Economics and completed an MSc in International Relations in 1982. She held a position as assistant producer at the BBC between 1982 and 1984, while concurrently working as the London correspondent of Hong Kong TVB News. It was at this time that the People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom discussed
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#17328517414374030-584: Was re-elected chairperson in the party leadership election , beating three rivals in the party's 20-year history. On 1 January 2016, Emily Lau announced that she would not seek to be elected for an eighth term in the September election , therefore ending her legislator activity after serving for 25 years in the Legislative Council party primary . She participated to the election in the list of her younger colleague Lam Cheuk-ting and helped him get elected with nearly 40,000 votes. Lau announced her resignation from
4095-467: Was supported by 36 legislators but was rejected by the Secretary for Security Alistair Asprey . In October 1994, Lau led legislators in urging Britain to grant full citizenship to 3.5 million native Hong Kong British Dependent Territories Citizens (BDTC). As part of this action, she led a cross-party delegation of Hong Kong legislators to Britain to lobby government and opposition politicians ahead of
4160-562: Was therefore arrested with 29 other pro-democracy activists. Over the months leading up to the July 1997 handover , Lau urged the Chief executive-designate Tung Chee-hwa to stand up against Beijing, since his "unreserved support" for the Beijing-hand-picked Provisional Legislative Council resulted in the abolishment or modification of important Hong Kong laws covering human rights and civil liberties. In March of
4225-435: Was vague and therefore did not violate the Sex Discrimination Ordinance. The Court of Appeal overturned the decision, saying that allowing the ambiguous language would permit employers to advertise freely for only one gender. The court did not impose penalties, and the EOC said it was more important to clarify the law than to punish the newspaper. On 1 August 1999, Cheung was replaced as chairperson by Anna Wu, who had been
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