Old Anatolian Turkish , also referred to as Old Anatolian Turkic ( Turkish : Eski Anadolu Türkçesi , Arabic script: اسکی انادولو تورکچهسی ), was the form of the Turkish language spoken in Anatolia from the 11th to 15th centuries. It developed into Early Ottoman Turkish . It was written in the Arabic script . Unlike in later Ottoman Turkish, short-vowel diacritics were used.
15-486: Elbistan ( Old Anatolian Turkish : [Ablasta, Ablastayn, Ablastin, Ablistan] Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch ( help ) ; Kurdish : Elbistan ; Arabic : البستان (Al-Bustan) ) is a municipality and district of Kahramanmaraş Province , Turkey . Its area is 2,201 km, and its population is 141,307 (2022). The name "Elbistan" was pronounced similarly in Byzantine and Islamic sources. Elbistan
30-733: A firman in an attempt to break the dominance of Persian : It has been erroneously assumed that the Old Anatolian Turkish literary language was created in Anatolia and that its authors transformed a primitive language into a literary medium by submitting themselves to Persian influence. In reality, the Oghuz Turks who came to Anatolia brought their own written language, literary traditions and models from Khwarezm and Transoxiana . The Ajem Turkic language descended from Old Anatolian Turkish. Ajem Turkic started to form its shape in
45-747: A combination of Zulkadir and Dulkadir. The principality was founded by Zayn al-Din Qaraja , a Turkoman chieftain, likely from the Bayat tribe, who established himself in the region of Elbistan in 1335, taking the town in 1337 and obtaining the title of na'ib from the Mamluk Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad . In 1515, after the Battle of Turnadağ , the principality was conquered by the Ottoman Sultan Selim I 's vizier Hadım Sinan Pasha and converted into
60-787: Is classified as a dry-summer continental climate ( Köppen : Dsa ). The Elbistan coalfield supplies lignite to the nearby Afşin-Elbistan power stations in Afşin . It is said that air pollution in Turkey from the nearby coal-fired power stations also affects Elbistan, as well as smoke from landfill. In late 2020 the oldest plant Afşin-Elbistan A, was said by opposition MP Ali Öztunç to be still operating without filters. There are 92 neighbourhoods in Elbistan District: Old Anatolian Turkish It had no official status until 1277, when Mehmet I of Karaman declared
75-668: The Aq Qoyunlu , Qara Qoyunlu eras, and, especially, the Safavid era. Following texts are excerpts of the Qabus-nama taken from Turan Fikret's Old Anatolian Turkish: Syntactic Structure (1996): Beylik of Dulkadir The Beylik of Dulkadir ( Turkish : Dulkadiroğulları Beyliği ) was one of the Anatolian beyliks established by the Turkoman clans Bayat , Afshar , and Begdili after
90-462: The Ottoman documents. Evliya Çelebi 's Seyahatnâme from the 17th century gives information about the region that in the mountains and towns mostly reside Turkmens who originally migrated from Bukhara . It seems that some local chiefdoms were given varying degrees of autonomy, notably around the localities of Haticepınar and Kasanlı . Evliya Çelebi noted that the majority of the town's population
105-739: The Turkmen pronunciation of the Muslim given name Abdul Qadir , parallel to how the Ilkhanate ruler Abu Sa'id ( r. 1316–35 ) was known as "Busad" by his Turkmen subjects. Another historian, Refet Yinanç, supported Sümer's view. Medieval Armenian authors referred to the Dulkadirids as Tulgharts'i , Tulgharats'i , Dulgharats'i , Tulghatarts'i , or Dulghatarts'i . While Persian sources spelled Dulkadir as Zulkadir, Arabic sources spelled it as Dulgadir or Tulgadir. Ottoman sources used
120-523: The decline of Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm . The meaning of Dulkadir is unclear. It was later Arabized or reinterpreted according to folk tradition as Dhu'l-Qadr , which means 'powerful' or 'mighty'. According to 16th-century German historian Johannes Leunclavius , Dulkadir was a corruption of the Turkic name Torghud . Franz Babinger considered it very probable, as the name was likely derived from some Turkish name, further suggesting that this would also mean
135-460: The dynasty of Dulkadir is related to the Turkoman Turghudlu tribe. On the other hand, Annemarie von Gabain proposed tulga-dar ( lit. ' helmet-bearer ' ) as the original Turkic word it sprang from. According to Turkologist Louis Bazin , the name may be rooted in the term "dolga," which means "to hurt" or "to agonize". Historian Faruk Sümer suggested that Dulkadir could be
150-592: The name "Elbistan" in the official documents. After Dulkadirids were conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, the current name became prevalent. Among the rural people of Elbistan it is pronounced as "Albıstan" . Albistan means "the orchard" in Arabic. The settlement of the Elbistan plain around the town of Elbistan goes back to prehistoric times. In 1947, an important Anatolian hieroglyphic inscription stele
165-649: The town from the Mamluks and established the Beylik of Dulkadir with the region around Elbistan and Marash as its center. Nevertheless, Dulkadirids continued to pay homage to the Mamluks and fought with the Karamandids to defend Mamluk interests though they sought for more autonomy. The Dulkadirids controlled the region for 178 years until the Ottomans finally conquered it in 1515. Elbistan became then known as " vilayet-i Türkmân" in
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#1732848512157180-489: Was Turkoman in his seyahatname . Currently, the majority of the population of the district is Sunni Turkish with a significant Alevi and Sunni Kurdish population. Turkish Alevis are also present. The Turkmen Alevism of the region is historically rooted in the Alevi Turcoman Beylik of Dulkadir in the 14th century. Elbistan has a fairly dry climate with cold winters and hot, dry summers. Elbistan's climate
195-438: Was discovered near the village of Karahüyük (Elbistan) , which is located 9 km northwest from Elbistan town. This stele is believed to be from the 12th century BC. In the mid-10th century, modern settlement of the area begins. The town seems to have been settled first by Armenian immigrants. By the end of the 11th century, the town had become the most important one in the Elbistan plain, was fortified against Turkish raiders and
210-408: Was known as Plasta and Plastentia ( Greek : Πλαστεντία ) in antiquity. Elbistan was known as Ablasta ( Armenian : Աբլաստա ) according to Armenian historians in the early 11th century. According to Baldric of Dol the city was known as "Ablistan" till 15th century. Egyptian - Mamluk historian Muhammad ibn Iyas wrote the city's name as "Albistan" . Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey from Dulkadirids used
225-693: Was seat of an Armenian bishop . When the army of the First Crusade passed through Anatolia recovering land for the Byzantine Empire in 1097, Peter Aliphas was installed as governor of Plastentia. In 1277 the Mamluks led by Baybars defeated a Mongol army in the Battle of Elbistan . Thereafter, Elbistan and the region around it became part of the Mamluk northern frontier. In 1337 Zeyneddin Karaca Bey captured
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