71-531: Edmund Waller , FRS (3 March 1606 – 21 October 1687) was an English poet and politician who was Member of Parliament for various constituencies between 1624 and 1687, and one of the longest serving members of the English House of Commons . Son of a wealthy lawyer with extensive estates in Buckinghamshire , Waller first entered Parliament in 1624, although he played little part in the political struggles of
142-554: A Fellow of the Royal Society in 1663, although does not appear to have contributed papers himself. He played a prominent role in the impeachment and exile of Clarendon in 1667, and thereafter held a number of positions under the Cabal ministry . Originally viewed as a supporter of the Court, after 1674 he gained a reputation for independence and was still regarded as one of the best speakers in
213-542: A 'Panegyrick' in 1655, and later supporting proposals to make him king; in a poem written after the capture of the Spanish treasure fleet in 1658, he suggested "let the rich ore be forthwith melted down, and the state fixed by making him a crown'. When Charles II returned to the throne after The Restoration , Waller commemorated the occasion with his 1660 poem To the King, upon his Majesty's Happy Return . Reconciling past support for
284-679: A Chair (all of whom are Fellows of the Royal Society ). Members of the 10 Sectional Committees change every three years to mitigate in-group bias . Each Sectional Committee covers different specialist areas including: New Fellows are admitted to the Society at a formal admissions day ceremony held annually in July, when they sign the Charter Book and the Obligation which reads: "We who have hereunto subscribed, do hereby promise, that we will endeavour to promote
355-529: A Parcel of Rogues in a Nation !" Some recent historians, however, have emphasized the legitimacy of the vote. Even before the ratification of the treaty, there were feelings of unrest and discontent in Scotland over the proposed union with England, with many in Scotland viewing England as their long–standing enemy. As the details of the treaty began to become known in Scotland, official addresses and outcry began in Scotland with such official addresses being read at
426-513: A commissioner for union and former Lord Provost of Edinburgh ." "Troops were brought into the city with orders to shoot if necessary, and several regiments were placed at Queensberry's disposal on the Scottish border and in Ireland in the event of trouble." The prospect of a union of the kingdoms was deeply unpopular among the Scottish population at large, and talk of an uprising was widespread. However,
497-572: A degree, and as was common in this period did a course in law at Lincoln's Inn , graduating in 1622. He was first elected in 1624 as MP for Ilchester , when he was the youngest person in the Commons , then for Chepping Wycombe in 1626. On coming of age in 1627, he inherited an estate worth up to £2,500 a year, making him one of the wealthiest men in Buckinghamshire. Returned for Amersham in 1628 , he made virtually no impact on Parliament before it
568-453: A dispassionate assessment'. One suggestion is while his writing is limited, he played an important role in developing a format and style adapted and improved by Alexander Pope among others. Much of his early poetry was written for the Caroline court, while he was famous for his 'Panegyricks', written in support of Cromwell, then both Charles II and his brother James, as well as other members of
639-441: A family of 15, many of whom survived to adulthood, including Elizabeth (1601–?), Anne (1602–1642), Cecilia (1603–?), Robert (1606–1641), Mary (1608–1660), Ursula (1610–1692) and John (1616–1667). Cecilia married Nathaniel Tomkins , executed for his part in the 1643 plot, while Mary married Adrian Scrope , executed in 1660 as a regicide . In addition, Waller was related to several prominent Parliamentarians ; through his mother, he
710-506: A new state, which was not party to a treaty, or combined into a successor state to the Kingdom of England. A treaty requires at least two parties, so it ceased to exist with the Kingdom of Scotland. This position is rejected by David Walker, who argues that its treaty status is 'amply evidenced' by previous legislation, that the Articles and other legislation refer to it as a "treaty" although in
781-596: A result of the decision made by the Parliament of England to declare that James VII & II had "abandoned his kingdoms". There were feelings of discontent in Scotland, with many seeing the new monarchs William III Mary II as inheriting the Scottish throne without consent which lead to groups in the Scottish Highlands organising resistance, a group which would later become known as the Jacobites . Beginning in 1698,
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#1732854870776852-569: A treaty of union. It was agreed that England and Scotland would each appoint thirty-one commissioners to conduct the negotiations. The Scottish Parliament then began to arrange an election of the commissioners to negotiate on behalf of Scotland, but in September 1705, the leader of the Country Party , the Duke of Hamilton , who had previously attempted to obstruct the negotiation of a treaty, proposed that
923-621: A writer. Fellow of the Royal Society Fellowship of the Royal Society ( FRS , ForMemRS and HonFRS ) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge , including mathematics , engineering science , and medical science ". Fellowship of the Society, the oldest known scientific academy in continuous existence,
994-1321: Is a significant honour. It has been awarded to many eminent scientists throughout history, including Isaac Newton (1672), Benjamin Franklin (1756), Charles Babbage (1816), Michael Faraday (1824), Charles Darwin (1839), Ernest Rutherford (1903), Srinivasa Ramanujan (1918), Jagadish Chandra Bose (1920), Albert Einstein (1921), Paul Dirac (1930), Winston Churchill (1941), Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1944), Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1945), Dorothy Hodgkin (1947), Alan Turing (1951), Lise Meitner (1955), Satyendra Nath Bose (1958), and Francis Crick (1959). More recently, fellowship has been awarded to Stephen Hawking (1974), David Attenborough (1983), Tim Hunt (1991), Elizabeth Blackburn (1992), Raghunath Mashelkar (1998), Tim Berners-Lee (2001), Venki Ramakrishnan (2003), Atta-ur-Rahman (2006), Andre Geim (2007), Bai Chunli (2014), James Dyson (2015), Ajay Kumar Sood (2015), Subhash Khot (2017), Elon Musk (2018), Elaine Fuchs (2019) and around 8,000 others in total, including over 280 Nobel Laureates since 1900. As of October 2018 , there are approximately 1,689 living Fellows, Foreign and Honorary Members, of whom 85 are Nobel Laureates. Fellowship of
1065-725: Is confirmed by the Council in April, and a secret ballot of Fellows is held at a meeting in May. A candidate is elected if they secure two-thirds of votes of those Fellows voting. An indicative allocation of 18 Fellowships can be allocated to candidates from Physical Sciences and Biological Sciences; and up to 10 from Applied Sciences, Human Sciences and Joint Physical and Biological Sciences. A further maximum of six can be 'Honorary', 'General' or 'Royal' Fellows. Nominations for Fellowship are peer reviewed by Sectional Committees, each with at least 12 members and
1136-421: Is nominated by two Fellows of the Royal Society (a proposer and a seconder), who sign a certificate of proposal. Previously, nominations required at least five fellows to support each nomination by the proposer, which was criticised for supposedly establishing an old boy network and elitist gentlemen's club . The certificate of election (see for example ) includes a statement of the principal grounds on which
1207-542: The Company of Scotland lead to the failure of the Darien Scheme , Scotland's attempt to establish a colony. A number of producers and consumers in Scotland were fearful of the economic consequences in Scotland as a result of a union with the Kingdom of England, fearing lack of competition with cheaper English imports and pressure on the Scottish economy as a result of higher levels of English customs and excise rates. By 1713,
1278-708: The Company of Scotland sponsored the Darien scheme , an ill-fated attempt to establish a Scottish trading colony in the Isthmus of Panama , collecting from Scots investments equal to one-quarter of all the money circulating in Scotland at the time. In the face of opposition by English commercial interests, the Company of Scotland also raised subscriptions in Amsterdam, Hamburg, and London for its scheme. For his part, King William III of England and II of Scotland had given only lukewarm support to
1349-699: The Countess of Carlisle , the Countess of Sunderland and the Earl of Northumberland . Hyde recorded Waller became a poet at the age of thirty, "when other Men give over writing Verses". When Charles recalled Parliament in April 1640 to approve taxes for the Bishops' Wars , Waller was re-elected for Amersham, then for St Ives in November . Despite general consensus attempts by Charles to govern without Parliament had gone too far, moderates like Hyde and Falkland were also wary of changing
1420-631: The Kingdom of Scotland to be "United into One Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain". At the time it was more often referred to as the Articles of Union . The details of the Treaty were agreed on 22 July 1706, and separate Acts of Union were then passed by the parliaments of England and Scotland to put the agreed Articles into effect. The Treaty of Union was eventually passed in the Parliament of Scotland following months of intense debate, with 110 voting in favour for
1491-925: The Parliament of England were not in favour of a union, and only one was among the commissioners. Negotiations between the English and Scottish commissioners began on 16 April 1706 at the Cockpit-in-Court in London . The sessions opened with speeches from William Cowper, the English Lord Keeper, and from Lord Seafield, the Scottish Lord Chancellor, each describing the significance of the task. The commissioners did not carry out their negotiations face to face, but in separate rooms. They communicated their proposals and counter-proposals to each other in writing, and there
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#17328548707761562-537: The Treaty is better described as a 'record of negotiations' between commissioners and that the Acts of Union 1707 constitute the actual treaty. The Scottish parliamentary debate subsequently amended the document when producing their Act of Union , which can itself be described as an offer of treaty terms. Smith argues further that this debate is redundant because the obligants under the treaty 'disappeared in 1707' and replaced by
1633-602: The Tudor dynasty , died without issue on 24 March 1603, and the throne fell at once (and uncontroversially) to her first cousin twice removed, James VI of Scotland , a member of the House of Stuart and the only son of Mary, Queen of Scots . By the Union of the Crowns in 1603 he assumed the throne of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland as King James I. This personal union lessened
1704-426: The post-nominal letters FRS . Every year, fellows elect up to ten new foreign members. Like fellows, foreign members are elected for life through peer review on the basis of excellence in science. As of 2016 , there are around 165 foreign members, who are entitled to use the post-nominal ForMemRS . Honorary Fellowship is an honorary academic title awarded to candidates who have given distinguished service to
1775-776: The Commons. Generally an advocate of religious tolerance, especially for Protestant Nonconformists , he was however convinced of the truth of the Popish Plot in 1678 and withdrew from active politics during the 1679 to 1681 Exclusion Crisis . On the accession of James II , he was elected for Saltash in 1685 . He wrote two poems to the new king, urging reconciliation and national unity, but James suspended Parliament in November after it refused to pass his Declaration of Indulgence . Waller died at his London house in St James's on 21 October 1687, and
1846-551: The Commonwealth with the restored monarchy was a problem faced by many. When asked by the King on this point, Waller is reported to have replied "Poets, Sir, succeeded better at fiction than in truth". His biographer Samuel Johnson wrote (1779) that it showed "a prostituted mind may retain the glitter of wit, but has lost the dignity of virtue". In 1661, he was elected to the Cavalier Parliament as MP for Hastings ; he became
1917-448: The Parliament of Scotland who were negotiating the terms of treaty should respect Scotland's independence and military campaigns to protect it, and reject the treaty. Many travelled to Parliament House, Edinburgh , the seat of the Parliament of Scotland, to hear the terms of the Treaty of Union, and on 23 October 1706, riots erupted in response to the proposal for higher English customs and excise rates to be imposed on Scotland following
1988-439: The Royal Society has been described by The Guardian as "the equivalent of a lifetime achievement Oscar " with several institutions celebrating their announcement each year. Up to 60 new Fellows (FRS), honorary (HonFRS) and foreign members (ForMemRS) are elected annually in late April or early May, from a pool of around 700 proposed candidates each year. New Fellows can only be nominated by existing Fellows for one of
2059-517: The Royal family. His longest and most ambitious work of this type portrayed the inconclusive 1665 Battle of Lowestoft ; presenting it as an heroic victory and heaping praise on James, it was widely ridiculed. He was strongly influenced by Thomas Hobbes , whose Leviathan he admired, and whose De Cive he at one point proposed to translate. His early work was far more successful than later efforts and during his exile an unlicensed collection of his poems
2130-519: The Royalist army to take control of London. After Waller was arrested, he made a full confession, implicating a number of his co-conspirators; he escaped the death penalty, allegedly by paying bribes, while Chaloner and Tomkins were executed on 5 July 1643. Many moderates were forced to disavow support for a peace settlement to avoid suspicion of involvement and reaffirm their backing for military action. After spending 18 months in prison without trial, Waller
2201-562: The Scottish colonial endeavour. England was at war with France, and hence did not want to offend Spain, which claimed the territory as part of New Granada. England was also under pressure from the London-based East India Company , which was anxious to maintain its monopoly over English foreign trade. It therefore forced the English and Dutch investors to withdraw. Next, the East India Company threatened legal action, on
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2272-505: The Scottish commissioners should be nominated by the Queen, and this was agreed. In practice, the Scottish commissioners were nominated on the advice of the Duke of Queensberry and the Duke of Argyll . Of the Scottish commissioners who were subsequently appointed, twenty-nine were members of the governing Court Party, while one was a member of the Squadron Volante . At the head of the list
2343-655: The Society, we shall be free from this Obligation for the future". Since 2014, portraits of Fellows at the admissions ceremony have been published without copyright restrictions in Wikimedia Commons under a more permissive Creative Commons license which allows wider re-use. In addition to the main fellowships of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS & HonFRS), other fellowships are available which are applied for by individuals, rather than through election. These fellowships are research grant awards and holders are known as Royal Society Research Fellows . In addition to
2414-512: The Union of Crowns, return the House of Stuart to the throne, and re–established the " Auld Alliance " with the Kingdom of France . England feared for the vulnerability of its northern borders if the Auld Alliance were to be re–established. Under the aegis of the queen and her ministers in both kingdoms, in 1705 the parliaments of England and Scotland agreed to participate in fresh negotiations for
2485-450: The agreed Articles of Union. The Scottish proponents of union believed that failure to agree to the Articles would result in the imposition of a union under less favourable terms, and English troops were stationed just south of the Scottish border and also in northern Ireland as an "encouragement". Months of fierce debate in both capital cities and throughout both kingdoms followed. In Scotland,
2556-480: The award of Fellowship (FRS, HonFRS & ForMemRS) and the Research Fellowships described above, several other awards, lectures and medals of the Royal Society are also given. Treaty of Union The Treaty of Union is the name usually now given to the treaty which led to the creation of the new state of Great Britain . The treaty united the Kingdom of England (which already included Wales) and
2627-507: The balance too much the other way. John Pym , who headed the Parliamentary opposition to Charles, gave Waller responsibility for the impeachment of Sir Francis Crawley, one of the Ship Money judges, but he confirmed his Royalist sympathies by voting against the execution of Strafford in April 1641, and the removal of bishops from the House of Lords . Unlike Hyde and Falkland who joined
2698-597: The cause of science, but do not have the kind of scientific achievements required of Fellows or Foreign Members. Honorary Fellows include the World Health Organization's Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (2022), Bill Bryson (2013), Melvyn Bragg (2010), Robin Saxby (2015), David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville (2008), Onora O'Neill (2007), John Maddox (2000), Patrick Moore (2001) and Lisa Jardine (2015). Honorary Fellows are entitled to use
2769-407: The commencement of each session of the Parliament of Scotland, however, had little effect and parliamentary business continued as normal. Many Scots were angered at the apparent ignorance towards Scotland's military engagement with England in order to maintain its independence and status as an "admirably ancient and unconquered kingdom". Opponents to the treaty with England argued that Commissioners of
2840-450: The constant English fears of Scottish cooperation with France in a feared French invasion of England. After this personal union, the new monarch, James I and VI, sought to unite the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England into a state which he referred to as "Great Britain". Nevertheless, Acts of Parliament attempting to unite the two countries failed in 1606, 1667, and 1689. The 1688 Glorious Revolution angered many in Scotland as
2911-539: The debate on occasion dissolved into civil disorder, most notably involving the notorious "Edinburgh Mob", which threatened "Destruction to all the Promoters of the Union". As the Scottish Parliament was deliberating on 22 October 1706, the session had to be suspended "because the mob was threatening to break in"; although this did not ultimately occur, they subsequently "attacked the house of Sir Patrick Johnston,
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2982-515: The fellowships described below: Every year, up to 52 new fellows are elected from the United Kingdom, the rest of the Commonwealth of Nations , and Ireland, which make up around 90% of the society. Each candidate is considered on their merits and can be proposed from any sector of the scientific community. Fellows are elected for life on the basis of excellence in science and are entitled to use
3053-427: The former Lord Chancellor of Scotland , James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater , who was a prominent supporter for the Treaty of Union between Scotland and England had changed his position on the treaty, and unsuccessfully advocated for the treaty to be reversed. Little is known about the public view in the Kingdom of England either for or against a union with the Kingdom of Scotland, however, it has been speculated that
3124-530: The good of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, and to pursue the ends for which the same was founded; that we will carry out, as far as we are able, those actions requested of us in the name of the Council; and that we will observe the Statutes and Standing Orders of the said Society. Provided that, whensoever any of us shall signify to the President under our hands, that we desire to withdraw from
3195-535: The grounds that the Scots had no authority from the king to raise funds outside the king's realm, and obliged the promoters to refund subscriptions to the Hamburg investors. This left no source of finance but Scotland itself. The colonisation ended in a military confrontation with the Spanish in 1700, but most colonists died of tropical diseases. This was an economic disaster for the Scottish ruling class investors and diminished
3266-677: The king when the First English Civil War began in August 1642, Waller remained in London, apparently with Charles' permission, where he continued to support moderates like Denzil Holles who wanted a negotiated peace. In May 1643 a plot was uncovered, allegedly organised by Waller along with his brother-in-law Nathaniel Tomkins, and wealthy merchant Richard Chaloner; what apparently began as a plan to force Parliament into negotiations by withholding taxes turned into an armed conspiracy intended to allow
3337-403: The late 1630s, commemorating events that occurred in the 1620s, including a piece on Charles's escape from a shipwreck at Santander in 1625. Written in heroic couplets , it is one of the first examples of a form used by English poets for some two centuries; his verse was admired by John Dryden among others, while he was a close friend of Thomas Hobbes and John Evelyn . When he died, Waller
3408-619: The nineteenth century his work was out of favour. Edmund Gosse , author of his biography in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica , wrote: 'Waller's lyrics were at one time admired to excess, but with the exception of "Go, lovely Rose" and one or two others, they have greatly lost their charm'. By 1995, the protagonist of The Information , a novel by Martin Amis , dismisses him as a 'seat-warmer, air sniffer and mediocrity'. However, H. M. Redmond argued 'immoderate censure of his life' had combined with 'interest-killing appreciation' of his verse to 'prevent
3479-399: The period prior to the First English Civil War in 1642. Unlike his relatives William and Hardress Waller , he was Royalist in sympathy and was accused in 1643 of organising a plot to seize London for Charles I . He allegedly escaped the death penalty by paying a large bribe, while several conspirators were executed, including his brother-in-law Nathaniel Tomkins . After his sentence
3550-509: The post nominal letters HonFRS . Statute 12 is a legacy mechanism for electing members before official honorary membership existed in 1997. Fellows elected under statute 12 include David Attenborough (1983) and John Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne (1991). The Council of the Royal Society can recommend members of the British royal family for election as Royal Fellow of the Royal Society . As of 2023 there are four royal fellows: Elizabeth II
3621-546: The proposal is being made. There is no limit on the number of nominations made each year. In 2015, there were 654 candidates for election as Fellows and 106 candidates for Foreign Membership. The Council of the Royal Society oversees the selection process and appoints 10 subject area committees, known as Sectional Committees, to recommend the strongest candidates for election to the Fellowship. The final list of up to 52 Fellowship candidates and up to 10 Foreign Membership candidates
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#17328548707763692-483: The proposed union was viewed more favourably in England than in Scotland. It is speculated, however, that the Kingdom of England secured what they had sought from the treaty – a security and guarantee that the House of Hanover dynasty would succeed Queen Anne to the Scottish crown following her reign. The status of the Treaty or Articles of Union as an international treaty is challenged by T. B. Smith. He argued that
3763-658: The ratification of the treaty. Subsequent riots occurred in Glasgow , and between November and December 1706, crowds gathered in both Dumfries and Stirling to publicly burn copies of the proposed treaty. The Presbyterians who organised the burning of the treaty in Dumfries published a manifesto outlining opposition to a union with England. Over 20,000 Scots signed petitions against the treaty, and thought it had little implications, it did lead to increased tensions in Edinburgh. Those opposing
3834-403: The resistance of the Scottish political establishment to the idea of political union with England. It ultimately supported the union, despite some popular opposition and anti-union riots in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and elsewhere. Deeper political integration had been a key policy of Queen Anne ever since she had acceded to the thrones of the three kingdoms in 1702. Following Anne's succession to
3905-471: The throne, the Parliament of Scotland passed the Act of Security 1704 which stipulated that the Parliament of Scotland had the right to select Anne's successor as monarch, and that Scotland would only agree with an English decision for her successor if Scotland were to be granted full access to English trading markers. This declaration by Scotland sparked uncertainty in England, as there was fear that Scotland would end
3976-488: The treaty in the Parliament of Scotland hoped that it would encourage the Government of Scotland to abandon negotiations with Kingdom of England for a political union. Additionally, many in Scotland feared how Scottish interests, economy, trade and business could be promoted in a parliament which would have an overwhelming majority of MPs representing England. There was also a feeling amongst Scots that English interference in
4047-560: The treaty to 67 against. The passing of the vote has been described as a vote "to end Scotland's independence". The political union took effect on 1 May 1707, with the Lord Chancellor of Scotland James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater , closing the Parliament of Scotland with the words "there’s ane end of ane auld sang" whilst the church bells of St Giles' Cathedral played the tune Why should I feel so sad on my wedding day? . Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland, last monarch of
4118-433: The treaty was signed and the documents were rushed south with a large military escort. Andrew Fletcher , a prominent Scottish patriot, argued that the ratification of the treaty would see Scotland "more like a conquered province". The Kingdom of Great Britain was established on 1 May 1707, shortly after the parliaments of Scotland and England had ratified the Treaty of Union by each approving Acts of Union combining
4189-580: The two parliaments and the powers of the two crowns. Scotland's crown, sceptre, and sword of state remained at Edinburgh Castle. Queen Anne (already Queen of both England and Scotland) formally became the first occupant of the unified throne of Great Britain, with Scotland sending forty-five members to the new House of Commons of Great Britain , as well as Scottish representative peers to the House of Lords . Significant financial payoffs to Scottish parliamentarians were later referred to by Robert Burns when he wrote "We're bought and sold for English gold, Such
4260-569: Was Queensberry himself, with the Lord Chancellor of Scotland , the Earl of Seafield . George Lockhart of Carnwath , a member of the opposition Cavalier Party, was the only commissioner opposed to union. The thirty-one English commissioners included government ministers and officers of state, such as the Lord High Treasurer , the Earl of Godolphin , the Lord Keeper , Lord Cowper , and a large number of Whigs who supported union. Most Tories in
4331-468: Was a blackout on news from the negotiations. Each side had its own particular concerns. Within a few days, England gained a guarantee that the Hanoverian dynasty would succeed Queen Anne to the Scottish crown, and Scotland received a guarantee of access to colonial markets, in the hope that they would be placed on an equal footing in terms of trade. After the negotiations ended on 22 July 1706, acts of parliament were drafted by both parliaments to implement
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#17328548707764402-420: Was buried in the churchyard of St Mary and All Saints’ Church, Beaconsfield; his tomb is now grade II* listed . Waller was admired by contemporaries including John Dryden and Gerard Langbaine , although his extravagant praise for members of the court and Royal family was later parodied by Andrew Marvell in "Last Instructions to a Painter". Described by Francis Atterbury as "the Parent of English Verse", by
4473-519: Was commuted to banishment, he lived in comfortable exile in France and Switzerland until allowed home in 1651 by Oliver Cromwell , a distant relative. He returned to Parliament after The Restoration in 1660 of Charles II ; known as a fine and amusing orator, he held a number of minor offices. He largely retired from active politics after the death of his second wife in 1677, and died of edema in October 1687. Best remembered now for his poem "Song (Go, lovely rose)", Waller's earliest writing dates to
4544-503: Was considered a major English poet, but his reputation declined over the next century, one view seeing him as a 'fairweather Royalist, an expedient Republican and mercenary bridegroom'. He is now regarded as a minor author, whose primary significance was to develop a form adapted and improved by later poets like Alexander Pope . Edmund Waller was born on 3 March 1606 at Stocks Place, Coleshill, Buckinghamshire , eldest son of Robert Waller (1560–1616) and Anne Hampden (1589–1658). He came from
4615-418: Was dissolved in 1629, when Charles I instituted eleven years of Personal Rule . During this period, he became friends with George Morley , later Bishop of Worcester , who guided his reading and provided advice on writing, while Waller apparently paid his debts. Morley also introduced Waller to Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland ; he became a member of the Great Tew Circle , which included Edward Hyde , and
4686-651: Was distantly connected to Oliver Cromwell , while he and John Hampden were grandchildren of Griffith Hampden (1543–1591). On his father's side, he was related to the Parliamentarian generals Sir Hardress and Sir William Waller . In 1631, he married Anne Banks, orphaned heiress of a wealthy merchant; contracted in defiance of the Privy Council of England , the marriage was eventually approved by Charles I . Anne died in childbirth in 1634, leaving two children, Robert (1633–1652?) and Elizabeth (1634–1683). In 1644, he re-married, this time to Mary Bracey (died 1677) and they had numerous children; since their eldest son, Benjamin,
4757-499: Was fined £10,000 and permitted to go into exile in November 1644, accompanied by his new wife Mary; however, the affair caused lasting damage to his reputation. Waller travelled with John Evelyn in Switzerland and Italy; unlike many Royalists, he lived in some comfort using money sent to him by his mother. Probably with the support of his relations Cromwell and Scrope, the Rump Parliament allowed him to return home in January 1652. He established good relations with Cromwell, writing him
4828-432: Was greatly influenced by Falkland's moderation and tolerance. Nineteenth-century biographers dated his earliest work to the 1620s, largely because they commemorate events occurring in that period, but modern scholars suggest they were actually written in the mid to late 1630s in an attempt to build a career at court. As well as Charles himself, many of his works are addressed to members of the extended Percy family , such as
4899-636: Was mentally disabled, he was succeeded by Edmund Waller (1652–1700), MP for Amersham from 1689 to 1698. His youngest son Dr. Stephen Waller (1676–1708) was one of the Commissioners who negotiated the 1707 Treaty of Union . On his death, his estate was valued at the then considerable sum of £40,000 (equivalent to £8,766,000 in 2023); he left legacies to his children Margaret (1648–1690), who acted as his secretary and Benjamin's guardian, Mary, Elizabeth, Anne, Cicely, Octavia, Dorothy and William. Waller attended Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe , followed by Eton and King's College, Cambridge . He left without
4970-421: Was not a Royal Fellow, but provided her patronage to the society, as all reigning British monarchs have done since Charles II of England . Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1951) was elected under statute 12, not as a Royal Fellow. The election of new fellows is announced annually in May, after their nomination and a period of peer-reviewed selection. Each candidate for Fellowship or Foreign Membership
5041-419: Was published in 1645. Reprinted in 1664, 1668, 1682, and 1686, they were popular in part because they were easily set to music; two volumes of previously uncollected writings, "The Maid's Tragedy Altered" and "The Second Part of Mr Waller's Poems" were published after his death in 1690. They included Divine Poems , self-published by Waller in 1686; most critics view them as 'indifferent' and showing his decline as
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