127-700: Dyer Avenue is a short, north-south thoroughfare in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City , located between Ninth Avenue and Tenth Avenue . It is primarily used by traffic exiting the Lincoln Tunnel . Dyer Avenue runs between 30th Street and 42nd Street but functions as three distinct sections due to its connections with the south and center tubes of the Lincoln Tunnel. The southernmost section, between 30th and 31st Streets, leads to and from
254-513: A $ 328 million tax exemption for 20 and 30 Hudson Yards, in addition to the previously approved $ 106 million exemption for 10 Hudson Yards. Shortly after, Related announced construction would begin on the platform covering the eastern railyards in January 2014 and cost $ 721 million. Construction on the platform began in March 2014 after Related secured a $ 250 million loan from Deutsche Bank . The erection of
381-456: A 32-story office tower would be built. Hotels, apartment buildings, and a Madison Square Garden would be built over the tracks west of Pennsylvania Station . North of the Javits Center, a "Television City" would be developed by Larry Silverstein in conjunction with NBC . One impediment to development was the lack of mass transit in the area, which is far from Penn Station, and none of
508-654: A 526-unit housing development in Hudson Yards at 451 10th Avenue. The building, also given the address 455 10th Avenue, includes a mix of "upscale urban senior living communities" and executive apartments. The senior living and executive apartments are respectively be marketed under the brands "The Coterie" and "The Set". Handel Architects designed 451 10th Avenue. In October 2021, Related purchased 99.9% stakes in three sites owned by Spitzer Enterprises at 511 West 35th Street, 506 West 36th Street, and 512 West 36th Street. Several developers and other entities proposed uses for
635-520: A German restaurant in the area known as Heil's Kitchen, after its proprietors. But the most common version traces it to the story of "Dutch Fred the Cop", a veteran policeman, who with his rookie partner, was watching a small riot on West 39th Street near Tenth Avenue. The rookie is supposed to have said, "This place is hell itself", to which Fred replied, "Hell's a mild climate. This is Hell's Kitchen." The 1929 book Manna-Hatin: The Story of New York states that
762-453: A bond issue that would have funded a 48th Street "people mover", the City first abandoned the rest of the 1969–70 master plan and then gave the neighborhood a special zoning district to restrict further redevelopment. Since then, limited new development has filled in the many empty lots and rejuvenated existing buildings. Later, in 1978, when the city could not afford the higher cost of constructing
889-425: A cultural facility. The second phase, on which construction had not started as of 2023 , will include residential space, an office building, and a school. Related Companies and Oxford Properties are the primary developers and major equity partners in the project. Related, Oxford, and other large investors have funded Hudson Yards' construction from several capital sources, including from foreign investors through
1016-436: A diverse array of architects including Arquitectonica , Robert A. M. Stern , and Kohn Pedersen Fox. Proposed amenities included a school, winter garden , and 15.1 acres of open space. Related also secured a commitment from Rupert Murdoch 's News Corporation to move their headquarters into one of the new office towers at the development. However, News Corporation later pulled out of the deal which led Related to bid only on
1143-470: A green card. The groundbreaking for 10 Hudson Yards , which was not built on the platform, occurred on December 4, 2012. At that event, the start of construction was also announced for 30 Hudson Yards . No tenants had been secured for any building in the complex when construction started on 10 Hudson Yards. However, three tenants— L'Oreal , Coach , and SAP —were announced in 2013. In October 2013, New York's Industrial Development Agency granted Related
1270-534: A home to fledgling and working actors; it is the home of the Actors Studio training school and sits near Broadway theatres . Hell's Kitchen is part of Manhattan Community District 4 . It is patrolled by the 10th and Midtown North Precincts of the New York City Police Department . The area provides transport, medical, and warehouse-infrastructure support to the business district of Manhattan. It
1397-476: A joint venture of Related Companies and Oxford Properties Group , which invested $ 400 million to build a platform above both the eastern and western portions of the yard on which to construct the buildings. In April 2013, the Related/Oxford joint venture obtained a $ 475 million construction loan from parties including Barry Sternlicht 's Starwood Capital Group and luxury retailer Coach . The financing deal
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#17328513095171524-504: A lawsuit against Related. The suit alleges the company created a different address (553 West 30th Street) for 15 Hudson Yards' affordable units and that the tenants of those units would not have access to the same amenities as those in the market-rate units. The suit alleges the building does not have an actual " poor door " but does still segregate its tenants through a "poor address" and "poor floors". "Poor doors" were banned in 2015 by then New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio . The Shed
1651-418: A multiple murder there. He referred to a particularly infamous tenement at 39th Street and Tenth Avenue as "Hell's Kitchen" and said that the entire section was "probably the lowest and filthiest in the city." According to this version, 39th Street between 9th and 10th Avenues became known as Hell's Kitchen and the name was later expanded to the surrounding streets. Another version ascribes the name's origins to
1778-422: A narrow court behind 422 West 46th Street. From 1811 until it was officially de-mapped in 1857, the diminutive Bloomingdale Square was part of the city's intended future. It extended from 53rd to 57th Streets between Eighth and Ninth Avenues. It was eliminated after the establishment of Central Park, and the name shifted to the junction of Broadway, West End Avenue , and 106th Street, now Straus Park . In 1825,
1905-510: A new stadium for the Yankees was proposed above the West Side Yard in 1993. A similar plan for a Yankee stadium above the West Side Yard was proposed in 1996, and was endorsed by mayor Rudy Giuliani . However, the plan also received opposition from many other public figures, and was also not built. By the early 2000s, plans for the rail yard long included a new Olympic stadium, to become
2032-498: A public plaza, the Vessel sculpture, and three residential skyscrapers on Eleventh Avenue. Developers plan to build Phase 2, the western portion of the development, above tracks between Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues. Phase 2 will provide additional office and residential space. The 52-story, 895-foot (273 m) 10 Hudson Yards is located at Tenth Avenue and 30th Street, along the southeastern corner of Phase 1. It opened in 2016. Ground
2159-469: A real estate magnate in New York, has said "Related is leading the charge" among New York-based companies in employing non-union labor. Beginning in late 2017, unions working at the site alleged Related "continue[d] to look for deeper and deeper concessions" in their negotiations, and begin organizing a campaign referred to as "#CountMeIn". Related's push to change the site to an open shop would mostly affect
2286-536: A real-estate building boom on Eighth Avenue, including the Hearst Tower at 56th Street and Eighth Avenue. An indication of how fast real estate prices rose in the neighborhood was a 2004 transaction involving the Howard Johnson's Motel at 52nd Street and Eighth Avenue. In June, Vikram Chatwal's Hampshire Hotel Group bought the motel and adjoining Studio Instrument Rental building for $ 9 million. In August, they sold
2413-527: A result, most of the buildings are older, and are often walk-up apartments . For the most part, the neighborhood encompasses the ZIP Codes 10019 and 10036. The post office for 10019 is called Radio City Station, the original name for Rockefeller Center on Sixth Avenue . The neighborhood overlaps Times Square and the Theater District to the east at Eighth Avenue. On its southeast border, it overlaps
2540-566: A school and a 200,000 sq ft (19,000 m ) cultural facility. In December 2009, the New York City Council approved Related Companies' revised plan for Hudson Yards, and the western portion of the West Side Yard was rezoned. Following the rail yards' successful rezoning, the MTA signed another 99-year lease to the air rights over the rail yard in May 2010. The air rights were signed over to
2667-507: A southbound entrance ramp to the Lincoln Tunnel Expressway and to the southern section of Dyer Avenue. This ramp permits traffic from the south tube of the tunnel to access the expressway; however, the amount of traffic using this entrance ramp is relatively low because the Lincoln Tunnel Expressway ends a few blocks to the south at West 30th Street and was never connected to the proposed Mid-Manhattan Expressway . Drivers entering
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#17328513095172794-479: A stake in the building, which was sold back to Related toward the end of construction. Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the building. 15 Hudson Yards, originally proposed as Tower D, is located on Eleventh Avenue and West 30th Street, near Phase 1's southwestern corner. The building connects to a semi-permanent structure, a performance and arts space known as The Shed . 15 Hudson Yards started construction in December 2014,
2921-429: A subterranean people mover system connecting the complex to Penn Station. Media company Condé Nast agreed to anchor the development by taking all 1.5 million square feet (140,000 m ) of office space in the largest office tower and move from their headquarters at Durst's 4 Times Square in 2015. Extell, in a master plan designed by Steven Holl , proposed 11 towers with just two featuring office space and
3048-412: A suspension deck over the rail yards similar to a suspension bridge rather than the truss structure every other developer proposed. Extell claimed this method would be more cost-effective but the suspension structure also would not have been strong enough to support large buildings. Due to this, all of Extell's proposed towers were clustered at the edges of the site in order to sit on solid ground while
3175-580: Is Chelsea . The Hudson Yards neighborhood overlaps with Hell's Kitchen, and the areas are often lumped together as "West Midtown", given their proximity to the Midtown Manhattan business district. The traditional dividing line with Chelsea is 34th Street. The area between the rail corridor at Pennsylvania Station and the West Side Yard and 42nd Street, and east of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center ,
3302-576: Is a neighborhood on the West Side of Midtown Manhattan in New York City , United States. It is considered to be bordered by 34th Street (or 41st Street) to the south, 59th Street to the north, Eighth Avenue to the east, and the Hudson River to the west. Hell's Kitchen has long been a bastion of poor and working-class Irish Americans , and its gritty reputation has long held real-estate prices below those of most other areas of Manhattan. But by 1969,
3429-539: Is a ventilation area for the West Side Yards, as well as a storm water runoff site. Storm water that runs off into the square is reused throughout the development. Because it is located on top of an active rail yard, the public square is located over a 6-foot (1.8 m) deep plenum above a cooling slab with 15 fans blowing air at 45 miles per hour (72 km/h) and a 60,000-US-gallon (230,000 L; 50,000 imp gal) rainwater storage tank. The entire platform
3556-588: Is also known as Hell's Kitchen South. The western border of the neighborhood is the Hudson River at the Hudson River Park and West Side Highway . Several explanations exist for the origin of the neighborhood's current name. An early use of the phrase appears in a comment Davy Crockett made about another notorious Irish slum in Manhattan, Five Points . According to the Irish Cultural Society of
3683-485: Is an arts center housed in the Bloomberg Building, a three-story structure adjacent to 15 Hudson Yards. The space is focused on providing cultural programming, and is maintained by an organization of the same name. Its most prominent feature is a retractable "shell" that wraps around its roof and its northern and southern facades. The Shed opened on April 5, 2019. The 103-story, 1,270 feet (387 m) 30 Hudson Yards
3810-406: Is immediately west of New York's main business district, large-scale redevelopment has been kept in check for more than 40 years by strict zoning rules in a Special Clinton District designed to protect the neighborhood's residents and its low-rise character. In part to qualify for federal aid, New York developed a comprehensive Plan for New York City in 1969–70. While for almost all neighborhoods,
3937-411: Is known for its extensive selection of multiethnic, small, and relatively inexpensive restaurants, delicatessens, bodegas , bars, and associated nightlife. The name "Hell's Kitchen" generally refers to the area between 34th to the south and 59th Street to the north. Starting west of Eighth Avenue and the north side of 43rd Street, city zoning regulations generally limit buildings to six stories. As
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4064-458: Is located at Eleventh Avenue and 33rd Street. Construction on the building's foundation was started in January 2015, and it topped out in June 2018. 35 Hudson Yards opened on March 15, 2019. The mixed-use building contains 137 condominiums, an Equinox brand hotel, an Equinox brand gym, medical offices, and retail space. David Childs , the chairman of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill , contributed
4191-483: Is located at Tenth Avenue and 33rd Street. It is the city's sixth-tallest building. Construction began after caissons were sunk to support the platform over the tracks, the latter of which was raised 12 to 27 feet (4 to 8 m) above ground level, at the same elevation as the High Line. 30 Hudson Yards opened on March 15, 2019. An observation deck on the building's 100th floor opened in March 2020. 35 Hudson Yards
4318-409: Is supported by 234 caissons . The plantings are rooted within "smart soil". The plaza opened along with the mall on March 15, 2019. Vessel , a permanent art installation designed by Thomas Heatherwick , is located at the center of the plaza. The installation, a 16-story freestanding structure of connected staircases, cost US$ 150 million. Heatherwick took inspiration from Indian step wells in
4445-537: The Children's Museum of Manhattan . Durst and Vornado hired FXCollaborative and César Pelli to design a development named "Hudson Center" which would have included 13 towers ranging from 250 feet (76 m) to 1,200 feet (370 m) tall. The development would be split between 6 million square feet (560,000 m ) of office space and 6,500 residential units, 600 of which would have been affordable. The developers also would have included 12 acres of open space and
4572-630: The Durst Organization , and the Related Companies . Brookfield's Skidmore, Owings and Merrill -designed master plan known as "Hudson Place" and "Hudson Green" proposed constructing 15 towers (four office and 11 residential/hotel) that would range in height from 300 feet (91 m) to 1,280 feet (390 m). The buildings would include 7.4 million square feet (690,000 m ) of office space and 4,000 residential units, including 400 devoted to affordable housing. "Hudson Place" encompassed
4699-562: The EB-5 investment program . Mitsui Fudosan owns a 92.09 percent stake in 55 Hudson Yards , and a 90 percent stake in 50 Hudson Yards . The architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the master plan for the site, and architects including Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill , Thomas Heatherwick , Foster + Partners , Roche-Dinkeloo , and Diller Scofidio + Renfro contributed designs for individual structures. Major office tenants include or will include fashion company Tapestry , consulting firm BCG ,
4826-701: The Garment District also on Eighth Avenue. Two landmarks are located here – the New Yorker Hotel at 481 Eighth Avenue, and the Manhattan Center building at the northwest corner of 34th Street and Eighth Avenue. Included in the transition area on Eighth Avenue are the Port Authority Bus Terminal at 42nd Street , the Pride of Midtown fire station (from which an entire shift, 15 firefighters, died at
4953-406: The Hudson River . Upon completion, 13 of the 16 planned structures on the West Side of Midtown South would sit on a platform built over the West Side Yard , a storage yard for Long Island Rail Road trains (hence the development’s name). The first of its two phases, opened in 2019, comprises a public green space and eight structures that contain residences, a hotel, office buildings, a mall, and
5080-463: The Hudson River Railroad , whose initial leg – the 40 mi (64 km) to Peekskill – was completed on September 29, 1849, By the end of 1849, it stretched to Poughkeepsie and in 1851 it extended to Albany . The track ran at a steep grade up Eleventh Avenue, as far as 60th Street . The formerly rural riverfront was industrialized by businesses, such as tanneries, that used
5207-689: The Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project , the New York City Department of City Planning issued a master plan that envisioned the creation of a network of open space between Ninth Avenue and Tenth Avenue to create a park system from West 39th Street to West 34th Street, portions of which would be located along Dyer Avenue. 40°45′19.54″N 73°59′47.35″W / 40.7554278°N 73.9964861°W / 40.7554278; -73.9964861 Hell%27s Kitchen, Manhattan Hell's Kitchen , formerly also known as Clinton ,
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5334-738: The Lincoln Tunnel Expressway . Dyer Avenue also exists between 34th and 36th Streets, and between 40th and 42nd Streets; both sections lead directly from the tunnel, but the 34th-36th Streets section also contains a roadway leading to the tunnel. The avenue is owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey . Dyer Avenue runs between Ninth and Tenth Avenues and exists in three sections, located between 30th-31st Streets, 34th-36th Streets, and 40th-42nd Streets in south-to-north order. The Lincoln Tunnel's southernmost tube, which carries eastbound traffic to New York, surfaces just northeast of
5461-542: The New York City Council approved the 60-block rezoning, including the eastern portion of the West Side Yard. Michael Bloomberg , then the city's mayor, subsequently separated the city's broader rezoning plans from the rail yard stadium. In conjunction with the city, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for a 12.7-million-square-foot (1,180,000 m ) mixed-use development to be built on platforms over
5588-618: The Panic of 1857 led to the formation of gangs "in the notorious ' Gas House District ' at Twenty-First Street and the East River, or in 'Hell's Kitchen', in the West Thirties." Hell's Kitchen has become the most frequently used name of the neighborhood, even though real estate developers have offered alternatives such as "Clinton" and "Midtown West", or even "the Mid-West". The "Clinton" name, used by
5715-509: The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks , the station with the greatest loss of firefighters was Engine Co. 54/Ladder Co. 4/Battalion 9 at 48th Street and Eighth Avenue, which lost 15 firefighters, an entire shift on duty. Given its proximity to Midtown, the station specializes in skyscraper fires and rescues. In 2007, it was the second-busiest firehouse in New York City, with 9,685 runs between
5842-573: The World Trade Center ), several theatres including Studio 54 , the original soup stand of Seinfeld ' s " The Soup Nazi ", and the Hearst Tower . The northern edge of Hell's Kitchen borders the southern edge of the Upper West Side , though the section west of Ninth Avenue and south of 57th Street is also part of the Columbus Circle neighborhood. 57th Street was traditionally
5969-429: The 101st floor of the same building, Peak, also opened on March 11 but closed the following day after a staff member contracted COVID-19. In April 2020, The Wall Street Journal reported that condominium sales had slowed due to the pandemic. The Journal also noted a downturn in retail rent collections at the development. This decline occurred in part due to unique contracts between Related and its tenants, which meant
6096-551: The 44th Street convention center over water, the Mayor and Governor chose the rail yard site originally proposed by the local community. The SCD was originally split into four areas: Special permits are required for all demolition and construction in the SCD, including demolition of "any sound housing in the District" and any rehabilitation that increases the number of dwellings in a structure. In
6223-542: The City Planning Commission's Plan for New York City reported that development pressures related to its Midtown location were driving people of modest means from the area. Gentrification has accelerated since the early 1980s, and rents have risen rapidly. In addition to its long-established Irish-American and Hispanic-American populations, Hell's Kitchen has a large LGBTQ population and is home to many LGBTQ bars and businesses. The neighborhood has long been
6350-550: The City purchased for $ 10 clear title to a right-of-way through John Leake Norton's farm, "The Hermitage", to lay out 42nd Street clear to the river. Before long, cattle ferried from Weehawken were being driven along the unpaved route to slaughterhouses on the East Side. Seventy acres of the Leakes', later the Nortons' property, extending north from 42nd to 46th Street and from Broadway to
6477-476: The Clinton Planning Council and Daniel Gutman, their environmental planner, proposed that the convention center and all major development be located south of 42nd Street, where public policy had already left tracts of vacant land. Nevertheless, in 1973 the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center was approved for a 44th Street site that would replace piers 84 and 86. But in exchange, and after the defeat of
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#17328513095176604-581: The Garden City Area: When, in 1835, Davy Crockett said, "In my part of the country, when you meet an Irishman, you find a first-rate gentleman; but these are worse than savages; they are too mean to swab hell's kitchen", he was referring to the Five Points. According to an article by Kirkley Greenwell, published online by the Hell's Kitchen Neighborhood Association: No one can pin down the exact origin of
6731-495: The Great Kill formed from three small streams that united near present-day Tenth Avenue and 40th Street, and then wound through the low-lying Reed Valley, renowned for fish and waterfowl, emptying into the Hudson River at a deep bay on the river at the present 42nd Street . The name was retained in a tiny hamlet called Great Kill, which became a center for carriage-making. The upland to the south and east became known as Longacre,
6858-611: The HKNA plan was to allow major new development while protecting the existing residential core area between Ninth and Tenth avenues. Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project Hudson Yards is a 28-acre (11 ha) real estate development in the Hudson Yards neighborhood in Manhattan , New York City , between the Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen neighborhoods. It is located on the waterfront of
6985-512: The Hudson Yards Master Plan, the area covered is bordered on the east by Seventh and Eighth Avenues, on the south by West 28th and 30th Streets, on the north by West 43rd Street, and on the west by Hudson River Park and the Hudson River . The City's plan was similar to a neighborhood plan produced by architect Meta Brunzema and environmental planner Daniel Gutman for the Hell's Kitchen Neighborhood Association (HKNA). The main concept of
7112-405: The Lincoln Tunnel Expressway. Vehicles exiting the south tube of the Lincoln Tunnel can exit directly onto the central section of Dyer Avenue, between 36th and 34th Streets. Traffic exiting the center tube may also access Dyer Avenue by using an exit ramp from the Lincoln Tunnel Expressway that merges with Dyer Avenue before its intersection with West 36th Street. At this intersection, there is also
7239-430: The MTA chose the Related Companies and Goldman Sachs to develop Hudson Yards under the same conditions. Related's revised plan included 13 buildings encompassing 12 million square feet of space including 2,154 rental apartments, 20% of which would be affordable. Other components included 2,619 condominiums, 5.5 million square feet (510,000 m ) of offices, a hotel, about 757,000 square feet (70,300 m ) of retail,
7366-485: The Preservation Area cannot exceed 66 ft (20 m) or seven stories, whichever is less. As the gentrification pace increased, there were numerous reports of problems between landlords and tenants. The most extreme example was the eight-story Windermere Apartments complex at the southwest corner of Ninth Avenue and 57th Street. Built in 1881, it is the second-oldest large apartment house in Manhattan. In 1980,
7493-664: The Shed, shopping center, and Vessel. In addition, neither the High Line nor the 34th Street station were completed at the time of their respective openings. A second entrance to the 34th Street station was opened in September 2018, while the High Line spur adjacent to 10 Hudson Yards opened in June 2019. Higher costs for materials and land after the 2008 recession have caused real estate companies to seek lower labor costs. In New York City non-union labor has made inroads, although workers tend to have less training and experience. Douglas Durst ,
7620-624: The West Side, originally dubbed "Hudson Residences," was under construction at the same time as Hudson Yards. The project consists of two residential buildings, one designed by Thomas Heatherwick, the other by Robert A.M. Stern Architects. 601 West 29th Street and 606 West 30th Street are under construction south of the two Related developments. Despite the involvement of two separate real estate companies, they are being developed together due to their proximity. In 2020, Spitzer Enterprises and Related Companies received $ 276 million in loans for
7747-576: The accompanying residential buildings varying between 400 feet (120 m) and 570 feet (170 m) tall. The company's bid was the most office-focused with plans featuring 10.6 million square feet (980,000 m ) of commercial space and 3,000 residential units. The proposed buildings would total over 12 million square feet (1,100,000 m ) of space with 13 acres of open space and also include 379 units of affordable housing. Investment bank Morgan Stanley would have occupied all 3 million square feet (280,000 m ) of office space in both
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#17328513095177874-559: The anchor tenant of the Hudson Yards Retail Space. The retail space, designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and Elkus Manfredi Architects with a connection to the bases of 10 and 30 Hudson Yards, started construction in June 2015, with a 100,000-short-ton (91,000,000 kg) order of steel, one of the largest such orders in the history of the United States. The mall opened on March 15, 2019. The Neiman Marcus store occupied
8001-505: The area was still zoned as a manufacturing district with low-rise apartment buildings. By the early 1990s, there was a recession , which scuttled plans for rezoning and severely reduced the amount of development in the area. After the recession was over, developers invested in areas like Times Square , eastern Hell's Kitchen, and Chelsea , but mostly skipped the Far West Side. While most fire stations in Manhattan lost firefighters in
8128-524: The boundary between the Upper West Side and Hell's Kitchen, but another interpretation puts the northern border at 59th Street, where the names of the north–south avenues change. Included between 57th and 59th Streets the Time Warner Center at Columbus Circle; Hudson Hotel ; Mount Sinai West , where John Lennon died in 1980 after being shot; and John Jay College . Beyond the southern boundary
8255-621: The build, construction emphasized the use of concrete over steel. Two architectural firms, Kohn Pederson Fox and Roche Dinkeloo, were involved in the design of the building, which is the first collaborative effort between the two firms. Phase 1 also included a seven-story mall with 100 shops and 20 restaurants, called the Shops & Restaurants at Hudson Yards. It has 1 million square feet (93,000 m ) of space, including 750,000 square feet (70,000 m ) in retail, including department stores. In September 2014, Neiman Marcus signed to become
8382-459: The building, which will rank as the fourth largest office tower in New York City in terms of available leaseable area when completed, with 2.9 million square feet (270,000 m ) available to lease. Along with 55 Hudson Yards, it is one of two structures in the first phase not located above the rail yard. Mitsui Fudosan owns a 90 percent stake in the building, while Bank of China , Deutsche Bank , and Wells Fargo contributed financing for
8509-554: The center of Hudson Yards' public plaza, was unveiled to the public in September 2016. The pieces of Vessel were fabricated off-site and were brought to Hudson Yards for assembly starting in April 2017. Work on the final building in the first phase, 50 Hudson Yards, began in May 2018. 55 Hudson Yards topped out in August 2017, while 15, 30, and 35 Hudson Yards all topped out in 2018. All four structures were opened on March 14, 2019, as were
8636-502: The city and the MTA backed out of a plan for the city to purchase the development site, and created a proposal to seek bids from private developers. This was followed by a formal request for proposals in 2008 with the intention of creating a large-scale mixed-use development above the rail yards. Five developers responded to the RFP: Extell Development Company , Tishman Speyer , Brookfield , Vornado Realty Trust with
8763-534: The completion of the 34th Street subway station, the station opened the following September. However, the first building in the complex, 10 Hudson Yards, did not open until May 31, 2016. Groundbreaking occurred for 15 Hudson Yards in December 2014, and work on 35 Hudson Yards and 55 Hudson Yards both started the following month. Construction on The Shed , adjacent to 15 Hudson Yards, began in mid-2015 after its pilings were completed. A 16-story, honeycomb -shaped structure with stairwells named Vessel , in
8890-569: The deal, given that large-scale speculative real estate projects were not an asset class that institutional investors and lenders took an interest in at the time. The administration of Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. released a $ 670 million development plan in 1963, which was ultimately never realized. In the 1980s, both the Jets and the Yankees proposed new stadiums above the rails, though none of these projects succeeded. Another ultimately unsuccessful plan for
9017-520: The deck itself would hold only the proposal's open spaces and park. Other unique aspects included a central reservoir to collect stormwater, a geothermal cooling system, and cogeneration which together would reduce energy use by almost 50%. Writing in The Wall Street Journal , Ada Louise Huxtable praised the proposal, writing that it "could have the unity, character and potential beauty of a Rockefeller Center ." The New York Times added to
9144-519: The decline of the West Side piers and many longshoremen found themselves out of work. In addition, construction of the Lincoln Tunnel in the 1930s, Lincoln Tunnel access roads, and the Port Authority Bus Terminal and ramps starting in 1950 destroyed much of Hell's Kitchen south of 41st Street. In 1959, an aborted rumble between rival Irish and Puerto Rican gangs led to the notorious " Capeman " murders in which two innocent teenagers, mistaken for rival gang members, were killed. By 1965, Hell's Kitchen
9271-508: The design. Stephen M. Ross has compared the structure to the Eiffel Tower , and it has also been informally dubbed The Shawarma . Vessel opened on March 15, 2019. After three suicides at the Vessel, Related closed the structure temporarily in January 2021. Vessel reopened in May 2021, with a rule requiring visitors to come in groups and a new ticket fee for most visitors, but Vessel
9398-422: The designs. Work on the 981-foot (299 m)-tall 50 Hudson Yards, located at Tenth Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets, began in May 2018, with construction completed in 2022. BlackRock signed on as an anchor tenant, and is to occupy 850,000 square feet (79,000 m ) in the building, but Facebook will occupy more space with 1.2 million square feet (110,000 m ). Foster + Partners designed
9525-511: The development's 2006 bond offering to pay for an extension of the New York City Subway 's 7 and <7> trains to 34th Street–Hudson Yards station. With funding assured, the MTA proceeded quickly to construct the extension. The first construction contracts were awarded in October 2007, and the subway extension opened on September 13, 2015. In late 2006,
9652-434: The east) further incentivized the building of other large-scale projects. Hudson Yards is adjacent but unrelated to Manhattan West , 3 Hudson Boulevard , and The Spiral . The eastern portion of the site, developed as Phase 1, is located between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues. It contains three office towers on Tenth Avenue , two of which have a retail podium between them. Phase 1 also includes The Shed performing arts center,
9779-440: The eastern portion of Hudson Yards. The larger, known as The Spiral , is owned by Tishman Speyer. The smaller development is known as 3 Hudson Boulevard . Several existing or planned residential buildings border Phase 1. Related owns three: One Hudson Yards , Abington House and 451 Tenth Avenue. Despite sharing a developer, these buildings are distinct from the main Hudson Yards project. Another Related development also on
9906-488: The extension of Midtown Manhattan 's skyscraper development into Hell's Kitchen, at least north of 42nd Street. In 1989, the David Childs - and Frank Williams -designed Worldwide Plaza established a beachhead when it was built at the former Madison Square Garden site, a full city block between 49th and 50th Streets and between Eighth and Ninth Avenues that was exempt from special district zoning rules. This project led
10033-429: The groundbreaking for 10 Hudson Yards, and the first phase opened on March 15, 2019. Agreements between various entities including the local government , the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), and the state of New York made the development possible. The special zoning for Hudson Yards (an area roughly bound by 30th Street in the south, 41st Street in the north, 11th Avenue in the west, and Eighth Avenue in
10160-411: The harassment, he and his wife made top billing in the 1985 edition of The Village Voice 's annual list, "The Dirty Dozen: New York's Worst Landlords." Most of the tenants eventually settled and moved out of the building. In May 2006, seven tenants remained and court orders protecting the tenants and the building allowed it to remain in a derelict condition even as the surrounding neighborhood
10287-480: The home of the Jets after the games ended. Proposers dubbed the structure the " New York Sports and Convention Center ". In addition to the stadium, rezoning the adjacent area would have incentivized the construction of some 13,000 new residential units and 28 million square feet (2,600,000 m ) of office space. This effort, led by Daniel Doctoroff , was unpopular with the public and politicians. In January 2005,
10414-563: The intersection of 38th Street and Tenth Avenue. It leads directly to both the central and southern legs of Dyer Avenue. The center tube, which is reversible, ascends to ground level just southeast of 39th Street and Tenth Avenue, parallel to the southernmost tube. The center tube funnels directly into the southbound Lincoln Tunnel Expressway, but an exit ramp also leads to the central and southern legs of Dyer Avenue. The northern tube, carrying westbound traffic to New Jersey, does not connect directly from Dyer Avenue, but can be accessed via ramps from
10541-461: The label, but some refer to a tenement on 54th Street as the first "Hell's Kitchen". Another explanation points to an infamous building at 39th as the true origin. A gang and a local dive took the name as well. Local historian Mary Clark explained the name thus: ...first appeared in print on September 22, 1881 when a New York Times reporter went to the West 30s with a police guide to get details of
10668-459: The massive residential displacement that this development project would have caused, and the failure of the City to complete any replacement housing, led to opposition to the first project – a new convention center to replace the New York Coliseum . To prevent the convention center from sparking a development boom that would beget the rest of the master plan with its consequent displacement,
10795-451: The master plan contained few proposals, it was very explicit about the bright future of Hell's Kitchen. The plan called for 2,000 to 3,000 new hotel rooms, 25,000 apartments, 25 × 10 ^ sq ft (2,300,000 m ) of office space, a new super liner terminal, a subway along 48th Street, and a convention center to replace what the plan described as "blocks of antiquated and deteriorating structures of every sort." However, outrage at
10922-419: The municipality of New York City, originated in 1959 in an attempt to change the image of the neighborhood by linking the area to DeWitt Clinton Park at 52nd and Eleventh Avenue , named after the 19th century New York governor , though The New York Times noted that those who live in the area "prefer Hell's Kitchen" as the name for the neighborhood. On the island of Manhattan when Europeans first saw it,
11049-564: The new New York bureau for CNN , and urban planning organization Sidewalk Labs . The Hudson Yards site was initially intended for other developments, most notably in the early 2000s as the site of the West Side Stadium , during the New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics . Public officials and private investors began developing the new Hudson Yards plan after the failure of the West Side Stadium. Construction began in 2012 with
11176-407: The northern tube. North of West 39th Street, Dyer Avenue is used by northbound vehicles exiting the south and center tubes of the Lincoln Tunnel. Before the intersection with West 40th Street, there are direct ramps leading up to the Port Authority Bus Terminal that are used by buses (to the upper levels of the terminal's north and south wings) and cars (to the parking garage above the south wing of
11303-501: The office component covering the eastern portion of the railyards while "Hudson Green" was residential-focused and planned for the western railyards. Individual towers would have been designed by SHoP Architects , SANAA , Thomas Phifer , Handel Architects , and Diller Scofidio + Renfro . The development would have also included two hotels, a cultural center, school, two parks (4.4 acres for Hudson Green and 3.4 acres for Hudson Place), and 100,000 square feet (9,300 m ) of space for
11430-421: The original master plan as created by KPF. Cooley , a law firm, signed a lease to occupy 130,000 square feet (12,000 m ) across five stories. Another law firm, Milbank , will occupy 250,000 square feet (23,000 m ). American cryptocurrency trading platform Coinbase has sublet 30,000 square feet (2,800 m ) from Point72 Asset Management in the building. To lower costs and allow flexibility during
11557-449: The original provisions, no building could be demolished unless it was unsound. New developments, conversions, or alterations that create new units or zero bedroom units must contain at least 20% two bedroom apartments with a minimum room size of 168 sq ft (16 m ). Alterations that reduce the percentage of two-bedroom units are not permitted unless the resulting building meets the 20% two-bedroom requirement. Building height in
11684-453: The owner, Alan B. Weissman, tried to empty the building of its tenants. According to former tenants and court papers, rooms were ransacked, doors were ripped out, prostitutes were moved in, and tenants received death threats in the campaign to empty the building. All the major New York newspapers covered the trials that sent the Windermere's managers to jail. Although Weissman was never linked to
11811-516: The platform was necessary in order to start construction on 15, 30, and 35 Hudson Yards. The platform for the Eastern Rail Yard was completed in October 2015, and the western platform was completed by 2016. In anticipation of the completion of the structures at Hudson Yards, the section of the High Line elevated park adjacent to the development opened in September 2014. After several delays in
11938-443: The praise, writing that the "proposal is the only one worth serious consideration." Related's initial proposal envisioned 13 towers split between 3 office building and 10 residential structures. The company divided the space between 6.7 million square feet (620,000 m ) of office space and 4,962 residential units. The towers would have varied in height from 350 feet (110 m) to 1,100 feet (340 m) and been designed by
12065-504: The predecessor of Longacre Square , now Times Square . One of the large farms of the colonial era in this neighborhood was that of Andreas Hopper and his descendants, extending from today's 48th Street nearly to 59th Street and from the river east to what is now Sixth Avenue . One of the Hopper farmhouses, built in 1752 for John Hopper the younger, stood near 53rd Street and Eleventh Avenue. Christened "Rosevale" for its extensive gardens, it
12192-457: The property to Elad Properties for about $ 43 million. Elad, which formerly owned the Plaza Hotel , built The Link, a luxury 44-story building, at that location. In 2003, the New York City Department of City Planning issued a master plan that envisioned the creation of 40,000,000 sq ft (3,700,000 m ) of commercial and residential development, two corridors of open space. Dubbed
12319-403: The proposals for a link to Penn Station was pursued successfully, for example, the ill-fated West Side Transitway. No changes to the zoning policy happened until 1990, when the city rezoned a small segment of 11th Avenue near the Javits Center. In 1993, part of 9th Avenue between 35th and 41st Streets was also rezoned. However, neither of these rezonings was particularly significant, as most of
12446-470: The rail yard during the 20th century. In 1956, William Zeckendorf suggested the construction of the "Freedom Tower," which would have risen 1,750 feet (530 m), making it the tallest building in the world at the time. Transportation to the new complex would have been via a "passenger conveyor belt " from further east in Midtown. Zeckendorf never purchased the rights, as he was unable to secure financing for
12573-533: The rail yard, which would remain in use throughout. The MTA received three bids to cap and lease the rail yard. Cablevision (the owner of the nearby Madison Square Garden ), the New York Jets organization, and TransGas Energy all submitted proposals. The Jets won the development rights, but several lawsuits filed after the bidding process alleged they won without paying a fair price. In June 2005, New York State Assembly speaker Sheldon Silver voted against
12700-408: The rail yards, including for the two platforms over the yards to support 15 acres (6.1 ha) of public spaces, four office buildings, and ten high-rise residential towers. Tishman had secured the investment bank Morgan Stanley as both an anchor tenant and financial backer. Two months later, the deal broke down when Morgan Stanley pulled out due to the 2007–2008 financial crisis . Subsequently,
12827-463: The residential-focused Western railyard rather than the entire site. Due to this, the MTA disqualified the Related bid. Tishman Speyer's bid, designed by Helmut Jahn , covered 11 towers centered on four large office towers surrounded by seven smaller residential buildings. Two of the office towers would have stood at 900 feet (270 m) while the other two would be taller at 1,100 feet (340 m) with
12954-476: The rest devoted to 3,812 residential units. The company's proposal also featured 19.5 acres of outdoor space including an outdoor amphitheatre and a sculpture garden named after Sol LeWitt . The company also would have built a new ferry terminal on the Hudson River as well as a Long Island Rail Road stop at the site. Extell's proposal was fundamentally different than the others as they proposed constructing
13081-421: The river at 54th Street, was Mott's Point, with an 18th-century Mott family house surrounded by gardens, that was inhabited by members of the family until 1884 and survived until 1895. A lone surviving structure from the time this area was open farmland and suburban villas is a pre-1800s carriage house that once belonged to a villa owned by former Vice President and New York State governor George Clinton , now in
13208-514: The river for shipping products and dumping waste. The neighborhood that would later be known as Hell's Kitchen started forming in the southern part of the 22nd Ward in the mid-19th century. Irish immigrants – mostly refugees from the Great Famine – found work on the docks and railroad along the Hudson River and established shantytowns there. After the American Civil War , there
13335-401: The river, were purchased before 1807 by John Jacob Astor and William Cutting , who held it before dividing it into building lots as the district became more suburban. The West Side later had its own slaughterhouses, which went out of business in the middle 20th century. There were multiple changes that helped Hell's Kitchen integrate with New York City proper. The first was construction of
13462-483: The second phase of construction, on the western yard. The labor dispute is ongoing as of February 2019 , though there have been meetings between labor leader Gary LaBarbera and Related executive Bruce Beal Jr. The Edge observation deck on the 100th floor of 30 Hudson Yards had opened on March 11, 2020, but the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City caused Related to close Edge two days later. The restaurant on
13589-442: The stadium, definitively eliminating the possibility of support at the state level and the possibility of the stadium's construction. Although Bloomberg and others expressed doubts about interest in the area from real estate companies after the stadium fell through, development nevertheless continued. The former mayor later expressed that the loss of the stadium may have been a "blessing" for New York. The MTA received proceeds from
13716-405: The taller office towers as the company's headquarters and also would have provided equity and debt financing for the project. Tishman Speyer, a New York-based real estate conglomerate, won the bid in March 2008. Tishman Speyer won a $ 1 billion bid to lease and cap the West Side Yard, with payment due as annual rent over a 99-year period. It would also spend another $ 2 billion for development over
13843-425: The terminal). Another large parking garage is located on West 42nd Street, opposite the end of Dyer Avenue. Squeegee men used to target motorists stopped at traffic signals in this area. The northern section of Dyer Avenue previously had a contraflow lane for buses to access the center tube of the Lincoln Tunnel during the evening rush hour on weekdays. Dyer Avenue is named after General George Rathbone Dyer , who
13970-428: The top 3 levels and 1 ⁄ 4 of the mall, or 250,000 square feet (23,000 m ) before its closure. Chef and restaurateur Thomas Keller has opened a restaurant in the complex, in addition to selecting 11 other restaurants in the retail space. There is fine dining on the fifth through seventh floors as well as more casual fare on the second through fourth floors. The mall is anchored by Dior and Chanel on
14097-422: The topmost floors, with "a ' Fifth Avenue ' mix of shops", such as H&M , Zara , and Sephora below them. The Neiman Marcus closed in 2020 as part of a plan to close 24 locations nationwide, having been open only for 16 months. The former Neiman Marcus is slated to be converted to office space. There is a 6-acre (2 ha) public square, with 28,000 plants and 225 trees, on the platform. The public square
14224-408: The tower. The 780-foot-tall (240 m) 55 Hudson Yards, located at Eleventh Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets, was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and Roche-Dinkeloo. 55 Hudson Yards started construction on January 22, 2015, and topped out in August 2017. Mitsui Fudosan owns a 92.09 percent stake in the building. Like 50 Hudson Yards, 55 is not located over the rail yard, and was not included in
14351-443: The tunnel can travel northbound on Dyer Avenue for a brief segment between 34th and 36th Streets. At 36th Street, northbound Dyer Avenue merges with a ramp from southbound Ninth Avenue that continues to the Lincoln Tunnel Expressway and provides access to the center and north tubes of the Lincoln Tunnel. A ramp leading from the southern section of Dyer Avenue leads to the northbound Lincoln Tunnel Expressway, which continues directly into
14478-402: The two companies. Its patch reads "Pride of Midtown" and "Never Missed a Performance". Memorials dot the station's exterior walls and a granite memorial is in a park to its north. Ladder 21, the "Pride of Hell's Kitchen", located on 38th Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, and stationed with Engine Co. 34, lost seven firefighters on September 11. In addition, on September 11, Engine Co. 26
14605-412: Was an influx of people who moved to New York City. The tenements that were built became overcrowded quickly. Many who lived in this congested, poverty-stricken area turned to gang life. Following Prohibition , implemented in 1919, the district's many warehouses were ideal locations for bootleg distilleries for the rumrunners who controlled illicit liquor. At the start of the 20th century, the neighborhood
14732-493: Was broken for the building on December 4, 2012. Construction began with 10 Hudson Yards as it was not built over railroad tracks. However, 10 Hudson Yards does straddle the High Line spur to Tenth Avenue . 10 Hudson Yards opened on May 31, 2016, and was the first structure in the Hudson Yards development to be occupied by tenants. Companies with offices in the building include L'Oreal , BCG , Sidewalk Labs , and anchor tenant Coach. Early on during construction, Coach purchased
14859-523: Was closed again in July 2021 after a fourth suicide. As of August 2022, Hudson Yards officials were installing safety nets around Vessel in preparation for the structure's possible reopening. The Hudson Yards development sits directly west of the second-largest project in the area: Manhattan West, a 7-acre (2.8 ha) mixed-use multi-building development also built above previously exposed rail yards. Two large-scale, single-building office developments border
14986-412: Was constructed in Hell's Kitchen, the surrounding area was still largely tenements. After the repeal of Prohibition , many of the organized crime elements moved into other rackets, such as illegal gambling and union shakedowns. The postwar era was characterized by a flourishing waterfront, and longshoreman work was plentiful. By the end of the 1970s, the implementation of containerized shipping led to
15113-536: Was controlled by gangs, including the violent Gopher Gang led by One Lung Curran and later by Owney Madden . Early gangs, like the Hell's Kitchen Gang, transformed into organized crime entities, around the same time that Owney Madden became one of the most powerful mobsters in New York. It became known as the "most dangerous area on the American Continent". By the 1930s, when the McGraw-Hill Building
15240-554: Was experiencing a dramatic burst of demolition and redevelopment. In September 2007, the fire department evacuated the remaining seven residents from the building, citing dangerous conditions, and padlocked the front door. In 2008, the New York Supreme Court ruled that the owners of the building, who include the TOA Construction Corporation of Japan, must repair it. By the 1980s the area south of 42nd Street
15367-433: Was in decline. Both the state and the city hoped that the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center would renew the area. Hotels, restaurants, apartment buildings, and television studios were proposed. One proposal included apartments and hotels on a 30 acres (12 ha) pier jutting out onto Hudson River, which included a marina , ferry slip , stores, restaurants, and a performing arts center . At Ninth Avenue and 33rd Street,
15494-459: Was temporarily stationed with Engine Co. 34/Ladder Co. 21 and lost many firefighters themselves. Hell's Kitchen has become an increasingly upscale neighborhood of affluent young professionals as well as residents from the "old days", with rents in the neighborhood having increased dramatically above the average in Manhattan. It has also acquired a large and diverse community as residents have moved north from Chelsea . Zoning has long restricted
15621-425: Was the chairman of the board of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and died while the Lincoln Tunnel was under construction. A number of buildings in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood were demolished in order to construct the 75-foot-wide (23 m) right-of-way of the new avenue and provide access to the Lincoln Tunnel, of which the first (now the center) tube opened in December 1937. In 2003, as part of
15748-607: Was the home base of the Westies , an Irish mob aligned with the Gambino crime family . In the early 1980s widespread gentrification began to alter the demographics of the longtime working-class Irish American neighborhood. The 1980s saw an end to the Westies' reign of terror, when the gang lost all of its power after the RICO convictions of most of its principals in 1986. Although the neighborhood
15875-473: Was the home of the War of 1812 veteran, Gen. Garrit Hopper Striker, and lasted until 1896, when it was demolished. The site was purchased for the city and naturalistically landscaped by Samuel Parsons Jr. as DeWitt Clinton Park . In 1911, New York Hospital bought a full city block largely of the Hopper property, between 54th and 55th Streets, Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues . Beyond the railroad track, projecting into
16002-461: Was topped out in February 2018, and opened in early 2019. When completed, 15 Hudson Yards included 285 residential units. Its original design, with a pronounced "corset" at the middle of the tower's height, attracted attention. 15 Hudson Yards is designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro , Lead Architect and Rockwell Group , Lead Interior Architect. Prospective low-income tenants of the building filed
16129-417: Was unique in several aspects, including the fact that it included a construction mezzanine loan, that Coach was a lender on both the debt and equity sides, and that the MTA reused a "severable lease" structure (previously used by Battery Park City ) that allowed for the loans. A portion of the project was also financed by the EB-5 investment program , which uses capital from immigrants, who become eligible for
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