71-768: Doylestown is the name of at least five places in the United States of America: Doylestown, Ohio Doylestown, Pennsylvania , a borough in Bucks County Doylestown station , a SEPTA train station in Doylestown Doylestown Township, Pennsylvania , in Bucks County Doylestown, Pennsylvania, in Franklin County Doylestown, Wisconsin [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
142-512: A cyclothem . Cyclothems are thought to have their origin in glacial cycles that produced fluctuations in sea level , which alternately exposed and then flooded large areas of continental shelf. The woody tissue of plants is composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Modern peat is mostly lignin, with a content of cellulose and hemicellulose ranging from 5% to 40%. Various other organic compounds, such as waxes and nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds, are also present. Lignin has
213-417: A commercial mine was established by David Galehouse. It would transform "Pleasant Valley" into what became known as "Rogues' Hollow" and alter the trajectory of the adjacent village forever. Mines began to pop up throughout the hollow and the area became home to the first real industry in eastern Wayne County. Drinking and lawlessness became a hallmark of Rogues' Hollow as the population swelled with men working
284-423: A fire at the factory, but by that point Doylestown had become a fully established village. Some of the industry lost from the mines and machine-works was replaced with multiple aluminum product companies in the 1890s and 1900s. In 1909, continued growth led to the need for a larger school building on High Street. The 1884 building was dynamited and a replacement was constructed, with features intended for safety in
355-513: A male householder with no wife present, and 31.4% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age in the village was 41.6 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 27.7% were from 45 to 64; and 18.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
426-417: A process called carbonization . Carbonization proceeds primarily by dehydration , decarboxylation , and demethanation. Dehydration removes water molecules from the maturing coal via reactions such as Decarboxylation removes carbon dioxide from the maturing coal: while demethanation proceeds by reaction such as In these formulas, R represents the remainder of a cellulose or lignin molecule to which
497-527: A switch in fuels happened in London in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Historian Ruth Goodman has traced the socioeconomic effects of that switch and its later spread throughout Britain and suggested that its importance in shaping the industrial adoption of coal has been previously underappreciated. The development of the Industrial Revolution led to the large-scale use of coal, as
568-427: A tannery and a distillery, though primary among these early industries was coal mining which began to take off in the 1840s. A valley just downhill to the southeast of the village, initially known as Nibrara and later as Pleasant Valley, was initially settled during the early wave of immigration by Samuel Chidester. Early settlers in this area took advantage of the local coal deposits for small-scale use, but in 1840
639-549: A tenth. Indonesia and Australia export the most, followed by Russia . The word originally took the form col in Old English , from reconstructed Proto-Germanic * kula ( n ), from Proto-Indo-European root * g ( e ) u-lo- "live coal". Germanic cognates include the Old Frisian kole , Middle Dutch cole , Dutch kool , Old High German chol , German Kohle and Old Norse kol . Irish gual
710-721: A third of its electricity . Some iron and steel -making and other industrial processes burn coal. The extraction and burning of coal damages the environment , causing premature death and illness, and it is the largest anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide contributing to climate change . Fourteen billion tonnes of carbon dioxide were emitted by burning coal in 2020, which is 40% of total fossil fuel emissions and over 25% of total global greenhouse gas emissions . As part of worldwide energy transition , many countries have reduced or eliminated their use of coal power . The United Nations Secretary General asked governments to stop building new coal plants by 2020. Global coal use
781-403: A weight basis. This composition reflects partly the composition of the precursor plants. The second main fraction of coal is ash, an undesirable, noncombustable mixture of inorganic minerals. The composition of ash is often discussed in terms of oxides obtained after combustion in air: Of particular interest is the sulfur content of coal, which can vary from less than 1% to as much as 4%. Most of
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#1732845166942852-406: A weight composition of about 54% carbon, 6% hydrogen, and 30% oxygen, while cellulose has a weight composition of about 44% carbon, 6% hydrogen, and 49% oxygen. Bituminous coal has a composition of about 84.4% carbon, 5.4% hydrogen, 6.7% oxygen, 1.7% nitrogen, and 1.8% sulfur, on a weight basis. The low oxygen content of coal shows that coalification removed most of the oxygen and much of the hydrogen
923-506: Is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock , formed as rock strata called coal seams . Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements , chiefly hydrogen , sulfur , oxygen , and nitrogen . Coal is a type of fossil fuel , formed when dead plant matter decays into peat which is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands called coal forests that covered much of
994-625: Is also a cognate via the Indo-European root. The conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called coalification . At various times in the geologic past, the Earth had dense forests in low-lying areas. In these wetlands, the process of coalification began when dead plant matter was protected from oxidation , usually by mud or acidic water, and was converted into peat . The resulting peat bogs , which trapped immense amounts of carbon, were eventually deeply buried by sediments. Then, over millions of years,
1065-429: Is burned in a turbine). Hot exhaust gases from the turbine are used to raise steam in a heat recovery steam generator which powers a supplemental steam turbine . The overall plant efficiency when used to provide combined heat and power can reach as much as 94%. IGCC power plants emit less local pollution than conventional pulverized coal-fueled plants. Other ways to use coal are as coal-water slurry fuel (CWS), which
1136-460: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Doylestown, Ohio Doylestown is a village located atop the highest point in Wayne County , Ohio , United States. It is surrounded by Chippewa Township and located 13 miles (21 km) southwest of Akron . The village was founded in 1827 when William Doyle laid out a 40-lot town site at
1207-594: Is entirely vertical; however, metamorphism may cause lateral changes of rank, irrespective of depth. For example, some of the coal seams of the Madrid, New Mexico coal field were partially converted to anthracite by contact metamorphism from an igneous sill while the remainder of the seams remained as bituminous coal. The earliest recognized use is from the Shenyang area of China where by 4000 BC Neolithic inhabitants had begun carving ornaments from black lignite. Coal from
1278-575: Is located atop a hill, with most of the town including the uptown area located at approximately 1,250 feet above sea level. A handful of small streams begin at springs on the slopes of the hill and flow from the higher elevations into larger creeks surrounding the village. Silver Creek drains the town on the east, Mill Creek on the north and west, while Chippewa Creek drains the south side and collects both Mill and Silver Creeks. Where Silver Creek flows into Chippewa Creek just southeast of town, in Rogues' Hollow,
1349-455: Is made when metallurgical coal (also known as coking coal ) is baked in an oven without oxygen at temperatures as high as 1,000 °C, driving off the volatile constituents and fusing together the fixed carbon and residual ash. Metallurgical coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace . The carbon monoxide produced by its combustion reduces hematite (an iron oxide ) to iron. Pig iron , which
1420-409: Is more abundant, and anthracite. The % carbon in coal follows the order anthracite > bituminous > lignite > brown coal. The fuel value of coal varies in the same order. Some anthracite deposits contain pure carbon in the form of graphite . For bituminous coal, the elemental composition on a dry, ash-free basis of 84.4% carbon, 5.4% hydrogen, 6.7% oxygen, 1.7% nitrogen, and 1.8% sulfur, on
1491-419: Is now Uptown, the commercial district, of modern Doylestown. Soon after, with the help of another of the five families, Doyle built Doylestown's first building, a log cabin tavern. Franklin continued to own the land north of the platted village, and was unhappy with the development taking place which led to a feud with Doyle. This prevented development from extending in that direction until after Doyle moved from
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#17328451669421562-452: Is used as fuel. 27.6% of world energy was supplied by coal in 2017 and Asia used almost three-quarters of it. Other large-scale applications also exist. The energy density of coal is roughly 24 megajoules per kilogram (approximately 6.7 kilowatt-hours per kg). For a coal power plant with a 40% efficiency, it takes an estimated 325 kg (717 lb) of coal to power a 100 W lightbulb for one year. In 2022, 68% of global coal use
1633-691: The Bronze Age (3000–2000 BC), where it formed part of funeral pyres . In Roman Britain , with the exception of two modern fields, "the Romans were exploiting coals in all the major coalfields in England and Wales by the end of the second century AD". Evidence of trade in coal, dated to about AD 200, has been found at the Roman settlement at Heronbridge , near Chester ; and in the Fenlands of East Anglia , where coal from
1704-512: The Fushun mine in northeastern China was used to smelt copper as early as 1000 BC. Marco Polo , the Italian who traveled to China in the 13th century, described coal as "black stones ... which burn like logs", and said coal was so plentiful, people could take three hot baths a week. In Europe, the earliest reference to the use of coal as fuel is from the geological treatise On Stones (Lap. 16) by
1775-590: The Midlands was transported via the Car Dyke for use in drying grain. Coal cinders have been found in the hearths of villas and Roman forts , particularly in Northumberland , dated to around AD 400. In the west of England, contemporary writers described the wonder of a permanent brazier of coal on the altar of Minerva at Aquae Sulis (modern day Bath ), although in fact easily accessible surface coal from what became
1846-702: The Somerset coalfield was in common use in quite lowly dwellings locally. Evidence of coal's use for iron -working in the city during the Roman period has been found. In Eschweiler , Rhineland , deposits of bituminous coal were used by the Romans for the smelting of iron ore . No evidence exists of coal being of great importance in Britain before about AD 1000, the High Middle Ages . Coal came to be referred to as "seacoal" in
1917-491: The coal gap in the Permian–Triassic extinction event , where coal is rare. Favorable geography alone does not explain the extensive Carboniferous coal beds. Other factors contributing to rapid coal deposition were high oxygen levels, above 30%, that promoted intense wildfires and formation of charcoal that was all but indigestible by decomposing organisms; high carbon dioxide levels that promoted plant growth; and
1988-444: The steam engine took over from the water wheel . In 1700, five-sixths of the world's coal was mined in Britain. Britain would have run out of suitable sites for watermills by the 1830s if coal had not been available as a source of energy. In 1947 there were some 750,000 miners in Britain, but the last deep coal mine in the UK closed in 2015. A grade between bituminous coal and anthracite
2059-407: The 13th century; the wharf where the material arrived in London was known as Seacoal Lane, so identified in a charter of King Henry III granted in 1253. Initially, the name was given because much coal was found on the shore, having fallen from the exposed coal seams on cliffs above or washed out of underwater coal outcrops, but by the time of Henry VIII , it was understood to derive from the way it
2130-593: The 1850s. Many of these early buildings, as well as those which were constructed later, were built of brick. In 1834, brickmaking became an early industry in the Doylestown area when Abrahamm Franks built a kiln a quarter-mile southwest of the village site. Numerous other temporary brick works were established as needed nearby to construction sites around the village. Longer-lasting brick yards were established around Doylestown in 1867, 1872 and 1886. Other early industries besides brick making included grain and wool mills,
2201-460: The 20th century as well. Doylestown has lost the industrial character of its past, and as the 20th century moved into the 21st, has lost some of the agricultural character as well. Suburbanization emanating from nearby Akron and more distant Cleveland has given contemporary Doylestown an exurban feel, as it is now considered to be a bedroom community for larger cities in Northeast Ohio . With
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2272-578: The Carboniferous, and suggested that climatic and tectonic factors were a more plausible explanation, reconstruction of ancestral enzymes by phylogenetic analysis corroborated a hypothesis that lignin degrading enzymes appeared in fungi approximately 200 MYa. One likely tectonic factor was the Central Pangean Mountains , an enormous range running along the equator that reached its greatest elevation near this time. Climate modeling suggests that
2343-587: The Central Pangean Mountains contributed to the deposition of vast quantities of coal in the late Carboniferous. The mountains created an area of year-round heavy precipitation, with no dry season typical of a monsoon climate. This is necessary for the preservation of peat in coal swamps. Coal is known from Precambrian strata, which predate land plants. This coal is presumed to have originated from residues of algae. Sometimes coal seams (also known as coal beds) are interbedded with other sediments in
2414-407: The Earth's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian ) and Permian times. Coal is used primarily as a fuel. While coal has been known and used for thousands of years, its usage was limited until the Industrial Revolution . With the invention of the steam engine , coal consumption increased. In 2020, coal supplied about a quarter of the world's primary energy and over
2485-563: The Greek scientist Theophrastus (c. 371–287 BC): Among the materials that are dug because they are useful, those known as anthrakes [coals] are made of earth, and, once set on fire, they burn like charcoal [anthrakes]. They are found in Liguria ;... and in Elis as one approaches Olympia by the mountain road; and they are used by those who work in metals. Outcrop coal was used in Britain during
2556-452: The area. Also in 1836, the Village of Doylestown established its first Board of Education. The board purchased a tract of land from Frederick at what is now the intersection of Portage and Gates streets with the intention of establishing a school. A decade later the wood-frame school was replaced with a more permanent brick building which would be expanded vertically as the village grew through
2627-408: The average family size was 2.95. In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 89.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males. The median income for a household in the village
2698-400: The crossing of two Native American trails on a hilltop. The population was 3,051 at the 2020 census . In 1813, Thomas Frederick from Lancaster, Pennsylvania became the first settler to establish a homestead in what is now Doylestown. William Doyle, for whom the town was named, arrived in 1827 and purchased 50 acres from Frederick and two other early settlers. Doyle moved his family onto
2769-560: The elevation is 950 feet. The town is located in the far northeastern corner of Wayne County. The center of Doylestown is located about a mile south of the Medina and Summit County lines and about two miles from the Summit County line to the east as well. The Summit County cities of Norton , Barberton and New Franklin are located directly across the county line to the north, northeast and east, respectively. Ohio State Route 585 skims
2840-430: The evolution of the first trees . But bacteria and fungi did not immediately evolve the ability to decompose lignin, so the wood did not fully decay but became buried under sediment, eventually turning into coal. About 300 million years ago, mushrooms and other fungi developed this ability, ending the main coal-formation period of earth's history. Although some authors pointed at some evidence of lignin degradation during
2911-487: The exception of two small areas zoned for light industrial bordering Doylestown's municipal boundary, the entirety of the village is surrounded by areas zoned by Chippewa Township as "suburban residential", though much of the area is still used for agriculture as well. According to the United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 1.88 square miles (4.87 km ), all of it land. Doylestown
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2982-512: The factors involved in coalification, temperature is much more important than either pressure or time of burial. Subbituminous coal can form at temperatures as low as 35 to 80 °C (95 to 176 °F) while anthracite requires a temperature of at least 180 to 245 °C (356 to 473 °F). Although coal is known from most geologic periods , 90% of all coal beds were deposited in the Carboniferous and Permian periods. Paradoxically, this
3053-498: The form of iron pyrite (FeS 2 ). Being a dense mineral, it can be removed from coal by mechanical means, e.g. by froth flotation . Some sulfate occurs in coal, especially weathered samples. It is not volatilized and can be removed by washing. Minor components include: As minerals, Hg, As, and Se are not problematic to the environment, especially since they are only trace components. They become however mobile (volatile or water-soluble) when these minerals are combusted. Most coal
3124-475: The heat and pressure of deep burial caused the loss of water, methane and carbon dioxide and increased the proportion of carbon. The grade of coal produced depended on the maximum pressure and temperature reached, with lignite (also called "brown coal") produced under relatively mild conditions, and sub-bituminous coal , bituminous coal , or anthracite coal (also called "hard coal" or "black coal") produced in turn with increasing temperature and pressure. Of
3195-431: The increasing tendency of the anthracite to break with a conchoidal fracture , similar to the way thick glass breaks. As geological processes apply pressure to dead biotic material over time, under suitable conditions, its metamorphic grade or rank increases successively into: There are several international standards for coal. The classification of coal is generally based on the content of volatiles . However
3266-447: The land with the intent to found a new village. Five friends of Doyle's from Pennsylvania were convinced to bring their families and join Doyle to help settle the new village. On December 9, 1827, the village was surveyed by Charles Christmas, one of the five men Doyle convinced to move from Pennsylvania. The survey was recorded on Christmas Day. The new village would contain 40 lots in what
3337-419: The mines. Between 1840 and 1940, when the last mine in the area closed, there had been at least 102 mines in operation. As the mines attracted waves of new settlers and brought an influx of economic activity, secondary industries began to appear in Doylestown. John Seiberling arrived in 1860 to build a factory which would make mowing machines with a self-raking mower. A year later, Excelsior Mowers and Droppers
3408-453: The morphology and some properties of the original plant. In many coals, individual macerals can be identified visually. Some macerals include: In coalification huminite is replaced by vitreous (shiny) vitrinite . Maturation of bituminous coal is characterized by bitumenization , in which part of the coal is converted to bitumen , a hydrocarbon-rich gel. Maturation to anthracite is characterized by debitumenization (from demethanation) and
3479-405: The most important distinction is between thermal coal (also known as steam coal), which is burnt to generate electricity via steam; and metallurgical coal (also known as coking coal), which is burnt at high temperature to make steel . Hilt's law is a geological observation that (within a small area) the deeper the coal is found, the higher its rank (or grade). It applies if the thermal gradient
3550-407: The nature of Carboniferous forests, which included lycophyte trees whose determinate growth meant that carbon was not tied up in heartwood of living trees for long periods. One theory suggested that about 360 million years ago, some plants evolved the ability to produce lignin , a complex polymer that made their cellulose stems much harder and more woody. The ability to produce lignin led to
3621-493: The northern and eastern edges of the village as it heads southeast from Norton to Wooster . Ohio State Route 21 runs south–north about a mile east of the village beyond Silver Creek. As of the census of 2010, there were 3,051 people, 1,206 households, and 827 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,622.9 inhabitants per square mile (626.6/km ). There were 1,292 housing units at an average density of 687.2 per square mile (265.3/km ). The racial makeup of
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#17328451669423692-455: The number of double bonds between carbon). As carbonization proceeds, aliphatic compounds convert to aromatic compounds . Similarly, aromatic rings fuse into polyaromatic compounds (linked rings of carbon atoms). The structure increasingly resembles graphene , the structural element of graphite. Chemical changes are accompanied by physical changes, such as decrease in average pore size. The macerals are coalified plant parts that retain
3763-408: The population. There were 1,119 households, out of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.3% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and
3834-456: The pre-combustion treatment, turbine technology (e.g. supercritical steam generator ) and the age of the plant. A few integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants have been built, which burn coal more efficiently. Instead of pulverizing the coal and burning it directly as fuel in the steam-generating boiler, the coal is gasified to create syngas , which is burned in a gas turbine to produce electricity (just like natural gas
3905-427: The reacting groups are attached. Dehydration and decarboxylation take place early in coalification, while demethanation begins only after the coal has already reached bituminous rank. The effect of decarboxylation is to reduce the percentage of oxygen, while demethanation reduces the percentage of hydrogen. Dehydration does both, and (together with demethanation) reduces the saturation of the carbon backbone (increasing
3976-428: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doylestown&oldid=1248468621 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
4047-399: The sulfur and most of the nitrogen is incorporated into the organic fraction in the form of organosulfur compounds and organonitrogen compounds . This sulfur and nitrogen are strongly bound within the hydrocarbon matrix. These elements are released as SO 2 and NO x upon combustion. They cannot be removed, economically at least, otherwise. Some coals contain inorganic sulfur, mainly in
4118-564: The village was 46.3% male and 53.7% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,799 people, 1,119 households, and 782 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,590.3 people per square mile (614.0 people/km ). There were 1,167 housing units at an average density of 663.0 per square mile (256.0/km ). The racial makeup of the village was 98.89% White , 0.14% African American , 0.04% Native American , 0.11% Asian , 0.21% from other races , and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.61% of
4189-423: The village was 97.9% White , 0.6% African American , 0.1% Native American , 0.2% Asian , 0.4% from other races , and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population. There were 1,206 households, of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had
4260-486: The wake of the 1908 Collinwood school fire in nearby Cleveland . Industry returned to Doylestown in the mid-century, albeit in a much smaller way than it had in the previous century, with the establishment of Midwest Container Co. in 1946. The company has produced various plastics from its establishment and continues to this day, as of 2023, though it is now known as Mid-West Poly Pak, Inc. Construction and agriculture remained important industries in Doylestown throughout
4331-415: The world's coal-generated electricity. Efforts around the world to reduce the use of coal have led some regions to switch to natural gas and renewable energy . In 2018 coal-fired power station capacity factor averaged 51%, that is they operated for about half their available operating hours. Coke is a solid carbonaceous residue that is used in manufacturing steel and other iron-containing products. Coke
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#17328451669424402-495: Was $ 47,969, and the median income for a family was $ 57,400. Males had a median income of $ 39,766 versus $ 25,701 for females. The per capita income for the village was $ 21,408. About 3.5% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over. Doylestown is served by a branch of the Wayne County Public Library . Coal Coal
4473-574: Was 8.3 billion tonnes in 2022, and is set to remain at record levels in 2023. To meet the Paris Agreement target of keeping global warming below 2 °C (3.6 °F) coal use needs to halve from 2020 to 2030, and "phasing down" coal was agreed upon in the Glasgow Climate Pact . The largest consumer and importer of coal in 2020 was China , which accounts for almost half the world's annual coal production, followed by India with about
4544-574: Was based on the trading of this commodity. Coal continues to arrive on beaches around the world from both natural erosion of exposed coal seams and windswept spills from cargo ships. Many homes in such areas gather this coal as a significant, and sometimes primary, source of home heating fuel. Coal consists mainly of a black mixture of diverse organic compounds and polymers. Of course, several kinds of coals exist, with variable dark colors and variable compositions. Young coals (brown coal, lignite) are not black. The two main black coals are bituminous, which
4615-504: Was carried to London by sea. In 1257–1259, coal from Newcastle upon Tyne was shipped to London for the smiths and lime -burners building Westminster Abbey . Seacoal Lane and Newcastle Lane, where coal was unloaded at wharves along the River Fleet , still exist. These easily accessible sources had largely become exhausted (or could not meet the growing demand) by the 13th century, when underground extraction by shaft mining or adits
4686-602: Was developed in the Soviet Union , or in an MHD topping cycle . However these are not widely used due to lack of profit. In 2017 38% of the world's electricity came from coal, the same percentage as 30 years previously. In 2018 global installed capacity was 2 TW (of which 1TW is in China) which was 30% of total electricity generation capacity. The most dependent major country is South Africa, with over 80% of its electricity generated by coal; but China alone generates more than half of
4757-408: Was developed. The alternative name was "pitcoal", because it came from mines. Cooking and home heating with coal (in addition to firewood or instead of it) has been done in various times and places throughout human history, especially in times and places where ground-surface coal was available and firewood was scarce, but a widespread reliance on coal for home hearths probably never existed until such
4828-490: Was during the Late Paleozoic icehouse , a time of global glaciation . However, the drop in global sea level accompanying the glaciation exposed continental shelves that had previously been submerged, and to these were added wide river deltas produced by increased erosion due to the drop in base level . These widespread areas of wetlands provided ideal conditions for coal formation. The rapid formation of coal ended with
4899-425: Was established in the village. A modernization of the plant was undertaken in 1887 and the growth was spurred on by workers from the coal mines, which were beginning to slow in their production. After decades of coal-powered growth, the village saw its population surpass 1,000 by 1896. The commercial viability of the coal mines began to wane around 1900, and the mower industry took a major downturn in 1901 after
4970-550: Was once known as "steam coal" as it was widely used as a fuel for steam locomotives . In this specialized use, it is sometimes known as "sea coal" in the United States. Small "steam coal", also called dry small steam nuts (DSSN), was used as a fuel for domestic water heating . Coal played an important role in industry in the 19th and 20th century. The predecessor of the European Union , the European Coal and Steel Community ,
5041-430: Was used for electricity generation. Coal burnt in coal power stations to generate electricity is called thermal coal . It is usually pulverized and then burned in a furnace with a boiler . The furnace heat converts boiler water to steam , which is then used to spin turbines which turn generators and create electricity. The thermodynamic efficiency of this process varies between about 25% and 50% depending on
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