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140-627: Downtown is the central business district of Washington, D.C. , located in Northwest D.C. It is the third largest central business district in the United States. The "Traditional Downtown" has been defined as an area roughly between Union Station in the east and 16th Street NW in the west, and between the National Mall on the south and Massachusetts Avenue on the north, including Penn Quarter . However, nowadays, Downtown D.C. can often refer to

280-495: A "splashy new civic building, designed by one of the world's best-known architects." A month later, D.C. officials were predicting that the project would break ground in 2008. But the final design of the development was still uncertain, as the Federal City Council renewed its push for a national music museum at the site. There was also an increase in political maneuvering regarding the project. As of October 2003, backers of

420-734: A $ 187 million library. A briefing for architectural and engineering firms seeking subcontract work from the developers was held in September 2006. City officials approved the final master plan on November 20, 2006. The project included 686 housing units (down from 772 in June 2006), 280,000 square feet (26,000 m ) of retail space (up from 275,000 square feet (25,500 m ) in June 2006), 415,000 square feet (38,600 m ) of office space (up from 300,000 square feet (28,000 m ) in June 2006), 1,700 underground parking spaces (down from 1,900 in June 2006), and 110,000 square feet (10,000 m ) of land for

560-421: A 1.5 acres (0.61 ha) lot on the southeast corner of 9th Street NW and Massachusetts Avenue NW for a similar-sized lot at the site of the old convention center. This land swap was essential to constructing the new convention center "headquarters hotel." The site preferred by Mayor Williams and recommended by his task force was not large enough for the planned hotel, and not contiguous. Gould's lot would create

700-431: A 200 to 300 room boutique hotel ; and a 155,000-square-foot (14,400 m ) "cultural facility" (whose use was not yet determined) that included a 3,000-seat theater. (At least one report gave the size of the cultural facility as just 70,000 square feet (6,500 m ).) Each of the buildings in the project was 11 stories high, and construction was anticipated to begin in late 2005. Hines executives said construction of

840-436: A 50,000-square-foot (4,600 m ) public library. With the Federal City Council still pushing for a music museum, the developers said 1.75 acres (0.71 ha) of land would remain unbuilt until the city decided what would occupy that space. By this time, construction was scheduled to begin in 2008 and end in 2010. In early March 2005, in an attempt to resolve the disagreement, Mayor Williams offered to pay for construction of

980-526: A final vote approving the original agreement between the city and the Hines-led group in May. However, the additional delay now meant that construction would not begin until 2009 and not end until 2011. But Cropp convinced a majority of the council to put off the scheduled May 4 vote. She argued that the agreement gave the mayor complete authority over whether to build a hotel on the old convention center site, authority

1120-649: A height of 110 feet (34 m). The act was amended in 1910 to allow buildings 20 feet (6.1 m) higher than the width of the adjacent street. As of 2006, the tallest building in downtown Washington—excluding the Washington Monument , U.S. Capitol , Washington National Cathedral , and the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception , all of which are outside of the downtown district—is

1260-500: A history of working with minority-owned businesses. The group's financial package was also superior. The city had been willing to use up to $ 20 million annually in tax revenues generated by the project to help finance construction. But the Hines-led group was able to secure financing without city assistance, a much more favorable financial deal for the District of Columbia. (In a separate report, however, The Bond Buyer reported that it

1400-1016: A lack of foot traffic. The law firm of Covington & Burling occupies a majority of the office space at CityCenter, with more than 500 lawyers spread between two buildings. The American Hospital Association also has an office in CityCenter, as does the Qatar Foundation. Many high-end retail stores are found in CityCenter, including Louis Vuitton , Dior , Hermès , Burberry , Gucci , Salvatore Ferragamo , Hugo Boss , David Yurman , Loro Piana , Morgenthal Frederics, Kate Spade New York , Akris , Carolina Herrera , Allen Edmonds , Longchamp , Arc'teryx , TUMI , Giorgio Armani , Brioni , Paul Stuart , Brunello Cucinelli , Jo Malone London , VINCE. , Christian Louboutin , Bulgari , Brietling , Chanel , and Moncler . A Tesla dealership opened in 2017. A Tiffany & Co. store opened in March 2019 in

1540-547: A larger area, as the DC Office of Planning states: …most residents, workers, and visitors think of Downtown in a broader sense — including areas as far north as Dupont Circle , as far west as Foggy Bottom , and as far east as Capitol Hill . Only about half of the central city workforce is located within the city’s traditional Downtown. ِِِA small portion of this area is known as the Downtown Historic District and

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1680-468: A local developer and former president of the D.C. Building Industry Association, stepped in at the end of October to assist the two sides in coming to an agreement. The WCSA board delayed a November 4 vote until December. However, it did release its consultant's report, which did not specify a site for construction of the headquarters hotel but did identify six sites to be occupied by hotels of various size as well as financing options for them. On December 3,

1820-467: A music museum. The agreement permitted the construction of private offices or a boutique hotel atop the library building. It also allowed the Hines-led development group to lease the site for 99 years in return for a fixed multimillion-dollar annual rent payment as well as 25 percent of the project's profits. However, some City Council members, the Washington Convention and Sports Authority , and

1960-513: A new main public library, a hotel, a music museum, an office building, and/or a theatre complex. Three theatres seating 200, 750, and 2,500 people were envisioned. The task force report constituted a major change in the city's thinking. City planners had originally thought that the site was big enough to contain only a single public attraction, but the task force recommended that the library and museum share exhibit space and be built largely underground so that both could be accommodated. Williams said

2100-674: A newly built business district near the Potsdamer Platz . The city's historic center (home to the Reichstag building , as well as the Brandenburg Gate and most federal ministries) was largely abandoned when the Berlin Wall cut through the area. Only after the reunification with the redevelopment of Potsdamer Platz , and the construction of numerous shopping centers, government ministries, embassies, office buildings and entertainment venues,

2240-611: A number of attractions, including museums (such as the International Spy Museum , National Aquarium , National Archives , National Building Museum , National Museum of Women in the Arts , National Portrait Gallery , Newseum , and Smithsonian American Art Museum ) and theaters (such as Ford's Theatre , National Theatre , Shakespeare Theatre , Warner Theatre , and Woolly Mammoth Theatre ). The Penn Quarter and Chinatown areas in particular are home to many bars and restaurants, and

2380-464: A public library. Twenty percent of the condominiums would be priced for low-income people. The public park had not disappeared (as previously reported), but just 21,780 square feet (2,023 m ) were set aside for what was now called "Central Plaza". Tenth Street NW was reopened, a narrowed I Street NW was reopened between 9th and 10th Streets NW, and 30 percent of the retail space was set aside for non-chain stores. Two condominium buildings occupied

2520-601: A restaurant called Estuary in the Conrad hotel. The Hilton Conrad hotel opened in 2019 with 360 guest rooms and 32,000 square feet of meeting and event space. Notable residents at CityCenter include former Washington Wizards coach Scott Brooks , former attorney general Eric Holder , and Senator Claire McCaskill . White House aides Hope Hicks and Stephen Miller also lived in CityCenter. The Washington Convention Center , Washington, D.C.'s second convention center, opened on December 10, 1982. But just eight years later,

2660-757: A severe downtown parking problem), reopening I Street NW and 10th Street NW (both of which had been blocked by the old convention center), and constructing 1,000 apartments or condominiums at the site. The following month, Williams announced that the Office of the Deputy Mayor would oversee the redevelopment design effort. By May 2001, city officials were suggesting a development similar to Yerba Buena Gardens in San Francisco , California , or Faneuil Hall Marketplace in Boston, Massachusetts . The city hoped to open bids regarding

2800-523: A single urban area. The CBD will often be highly accessible and have a large variety and concentration of specialised goods and services compared to other parts of the city. Midtown Manhattan is the largest central business district in New York City and in the United States. In Chicago , the Chicago Loop is the second-largest central business district in the United States. It is also referred to as

2940-546: A time, the entire development effort was threatened by the baseball stadium issue. In September 2002, just a month after the RFP was issued, backers seeking to bring a Major League Baseball team to D.C. as well as some city officials proposed the Washington Convention Center site as one of five possible locations for the construction of a new baseball stadium. It was not until January 30, 2003, that Mayor Williams rejected

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3080-455: A total of at least 3,000 seats), 45,000 square feet (4,200 m ) open space, and a 50,000-square-foot (4,600 m ) public library. The RFP permitted construction of an office building and/or hotel only if it made the project economically viable. Since more than a dozen developers had already expressed interest in the project, city officials believed that it would take only nine months to interview applicants, name finalists, and re-interview

3220-617: A unified site large enough for the headquarters hotel. The deal began taking shape in August 2005, after the D.C. City Council had approved the awarding of the RFP. The WSCA put a $ 900,000 down payment on the lot (which included the historic former headquarters of the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry and an adjacent small piece of land). The city and Gould engaged in lengthy negotiations over

3360-433: A video art installation. The northwest corner of CityCenter is a park that regularly hosts events and art installations, including an annual 75-foot Christmas tree, a summer farmers market, and other interactive exhibits. CityCenter is home to many stores and restaurants, as well as offices, apartments, condominiums, and a hotel, fulfilling the planners' goals for tenancy, although the development has been criticized for

3500-505: A week for two to three hours each day with council staff to convince them that the Mariani proposal was inappropriate. Mayoral staff said they could agree to a hotel and some meeting space underground, so long as the council approved the development deal by late June. But Council Chair Linda W. Cropp and Council Member Jack Evans (in whose ward the site was located) both favored the Mariani plan. Cropp said she voted to approve construction of

3640-523: A whole. Singapore's CBD is the historic heart of the city-state, which makes it a mix of a tourist attraction and a business center. The CBD includes several multinational corporate headquarters, Singapore Management University , and historical buildings and museums. As of 2016, the Singaporean government intends to redevelop Jurong East into a second CBD in Singapore. The area has also been earmarked as

3780-405: A winning proposal in late June. They hoped that construction would begin 18 to 24 months later. The city had still not yet decided what to do with the existing convention center. Various individuals and groups had suggested keeping the facility and renovating it. But Mayor Williams demanded that it be torn down and parking lots be built on the site until the RFP process was finished and construction

3920-617: Is Government Hill , the site of the old government headquarters. As the Hong Kong SAR Government Headquarters moved to Tamar, Admiralty, the nearby area is also considered part of the CBD. In Quarry Bay , Taikoo Place and areas nearby, including Admiralty , Wan Chai and Causeway Bay , and Tsim Sha Tsui , Kwun Tong , and Kowloon Bay are regarded as major business districts of Hong Kong. India 's capital New Delhi has been known for its CBD at Connaught Place . For

4060-514: Is Gallery Place, where large crowds gather day and night, especially after sporting events at the Capital One Arena . Crime and street brawls increased in the area and its adjacent Gallery Place Metro station between 2008 and 2010, primarily due to the large groups of teenagers from across the metropolitan area gathering there. Notable downtown restaurants include Fogo de Chão , Loeb's NY Deli , Old Ebbitt Grill , and Wok 'n' Roll (located in

4200-455: Is Palmer Alley, a three-block long pedestrian mall running east–west through the middle of the development. Palmer Alley is one of Washington, D.C. 's only pedestrianized streets, on which motor vehicles are not allowed. It is frequently lined with public art Between 9th and 10th streets, Palmer Alley runs through a plaza that extends north–south between H and I streets. The plaza features patio seating for several restaurants, fountains, and

4340-901: Is a concentration of business in Botafogo harbor and in Barra da Tijuca , a newer Rio de Janeiro suburb located in city's west region. The largest CBD in Colombia is Bogotá 's Centro Internacional , where some of the tallest buildings in South America have been repurposed as national headquarters for Scotiabank Colpatria , Davivienda , and Bancolombia , among others. Over the years, Bogotá has developed minor business districts, which include Avenida Chile , Ciudad Salitre , with companies like Avianca , Rappi , Johnson & Johnson , Terpel , Hilton , Hyatt , Marriott , Sheraton , Ramada , City Express , Aloft and Novotel ; or Complejo Santa Bárbara ,

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4480-530: Is also one of the most important business districts of Pakistan. Gulberg, Lahore has a large number of important office buildings as well as many high-rises and shopping malls. Pakistan established its first central business district, Lahore Central Business District, also known as Central Business District Punjab (CBD Punjab) by an ACT of Parliament (LCBDDA Act, 2021) in February 2021. Jinnah Avenue in Islamabad

4620-513: Is an area defined by the Golden Triangle Business Improvement District (BID). It is part of a larger Downtown area according to The Washington Post and DC Department of Planning. The Golden Triangle boundaries are, very roughly: By the 1990s and continuing into the 2010s, the core of the downtown district was almost exclusively commercial, and its primary commercial use was as office buildings. The area also featured

4760-562: Is bounded by 16th Street NW, Massachusetts Avenue NW, 21st Street NW, and Pennsylvania Avenue NW. Both BIDs work to enhance the diversity of business in their respective jurisdictions as well as the quality of life by providing directions for tourists, improving street and sidewalk cleanliness, and advising police about potential or existing problems. Various federal ( Federal Protective Service , Federal Bureau of Investigation , Secret Service , United States Mint Police , United States Park Police , etc.), city ( Metropolitan Police Department of

4900-783: Is composed of office buildings of varying architectural styles. The oldest tend to be of the Federal school, as are the White House , the Treasury Building , Blair House , and the rowhouses that line Lafayette Square . Others run the gamut from Neoclassical (such as the buildings at Federal Triangle) to Second Empire-style (the Eisenhower Executive Office Building ) to postmodern (One Farragut Square South and Franklin Tower at 1401 I Street NW). The historic Willard Hotel

5040-406: Is increasing. In 1990, the area had about 4,000 residents, but this had increased to 8,449 by 2010. Such increases appear small, but are more significant than they seem because the city's height restrictions limit population density. The completion of the $ 950 million CityCenterDC project in late 2013 is estimated to add another 1,000 or more residents. One exception to the low nighttime foot traffic

5180-518: Is one of the largest 21st-century downtown projects in the United States, and the largest urban development on the East Coast of the United States until the December 2012 groundbreaking of Manhattan's Hudson Yards . It has been described as "a modern-day Rockefeller Center " by Hector Falconer at The New York Times . The Washington Post architectural critic Steven Pearlstein, writing in 2003, said

5320-433: Is the commercial and business center of a city. It contains commercial space and offices, and in larger cities will often be described as a financial district . Geographically, it often coincides with the " city centre " or " downtown ". However, these concepts are not necessarily synonymous: many cities have a central business district located away from its traditional city center, and there may be multiple CBDs within

5460-660: Is the first of its kind in Indonesia, and one of the largest commercial center developments in the city. Jakarta started developing its business district in the early 1960s before hosting the Asian Games in 1962 . Surabaya in East Java built its first central business district in the Darmo region. The construction was expected to be completed by 2018 with 150 SOHO units and 500 residences. In Italy , business districts do not coincide with

5600-466: Is the main business district of the city. Blue Area is the central business district of Islamabad . D Ground is the central business district of Faisalabad and Saddar is the main central business district of Rawalpindi . In Peru , the central business district is San Isidro , in Lima , which hosts the majority of Peru's financial industry headquarters. Although still a largely residential district,

5740-647: The COEX mall, are major thoroughfares in Seoul. The tallest buildings in Gangnam include Tower Palace One , a residential complex, Trade Tower , Gangnam Finance Center, and Parnas Tower. Seoul's third business district is Yeouido , an island located in central Seoul in the Yeongdeungpo District . Yeouido was developed in the 1970s; since the 1990s, however, it has become Seoul's financial center. Smaller in geographic size that

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5880-480: The Mary E. Surratt Boarding House ). Many restaurants are concentrated in the relatively small areas of Chinatown and Gallery Place. Capital One Arena (originally MCI Center, later Verizon Center), a major basketball, hockey, and events venue, opened on Mount Vernon Square in 1997. It proved to be a major attraction, drawing more than 20 million visitors in its first decade of operation. Union Station anchors downtown on

6020-538: The White House ), McPherson Square , Mount Vernon Square , the National World War I Memorial (formerly Pershing Park), Scott Circle , Thomas Circle , and Washington Circle . The largest paved square in the city, Freedom Plaza , is located on Pennsylvania Avenue NW between 13th and 14th Streets NW . The city pedestrianized a two-block-long stretch of 16th Street NW closest to the White House as Black Lives Matter Plaza and pedestrianized it in 2020, during

6160-493: The $ 600 million Walter E. Washington Convention Center was officially opened. By April 2003, The Georgetown Co. had withdrawn its proposal and partnered with Hines Interest Limited Partnership/Charles E. Smith Residential. Two groups, East End Redevelopment Associates and Human Vision Partners, had been eliminated from contention by the city. District officials said they would meet with the remaining development teams in May, meet with an external advisory panel in June, and pick

6300-648: The 555-metre tall Lotte World Tower , Guro Digital Complex, Gasan Digital Complex, the Magok Business District, the Sangam Digital Media City, the Munjeong Administrative Town, and Mapo Avenue. The area near Yongsan Station , including the proposed Yongsan International Business District , is considered an emerging major commercial district that will exist in synergy with nearby Yeouido . CityCenterDC The development

6440-566: The CBD. An example is Parramatta , which is considered the financial hub of Western Sydney . São Paulo is a multipolar city, with several business districts. Avenida Faria Lima and the neighboring districts, Itaim Bibi and Vila Olímpia , now concentrate a large part of the financial activities in São Paulo and Brazil . Avenida Paulista and nearby streets is a well-established financial center that has several banking offices and corporate headquarters, as well as hospitals. Its Historic Center

6580-455: The Conrad hotel. Restaurants at CityCenter include Momofuku CCDC and Milk Bar . There is also a DBGB Kitchen & Bar and a Del Frisco's Double Eagle Steak House , Mediterranean restaurant Fig & Olive, and Italian restaurant and market Centrolina. Smaller cafes include the Fruitive juice bar and Dolcezza Gelato & Coffee. In 2019, Bryan Voltaggio and Michael Voltaggio opened

6720-475: The D.C. City Council proposing to raze the Washington Convention Center and construct city-owned parking lots on the site temporarily. Willams said the facility cost $ 600,000 a year to maintain and was a potential legal liability. The cost of demolition and parking lot construction was set at $ 16 million, but the cost could be offset by parking fees. Three months later, in March 2004, the city and

6860-728: The District of Columbia , District of Columbia Housing Authority Office of Public Safety ), and regional ( Metro Transit Police Department ) law enforcement agencies have concurrent, overlapping jurisdiction in Downtown D.C. Both BIDs in the area also provide semi-uniformed unsworn police forces, which help to maintain order and provide street intelligence by communicating via cell phone with the Metropolitan Police Department and Metro Transit Police. D.C. Housing Authority Police do not have jurisdiction outside public housing, but do patrol Gallery Place to pick up and provide intelligence on

7000-542: The Federal City Council opposed to the agreement. Going a step further, the Washington Convention and Sports Authority (WCSA) commissioned a study of the old convention center site, which it said would be ready in August 2004. The disagreement dragged on into late 2004. The WCSA consultant's report was complete in October 2004. The authority was due to vote on accepting its consultant's report on October 13, but delayed

7140-658: The Forest City bid included several prominent supporters of Mayor Williams, while advocates of the Hines-Smith Residential bid included wealthy, politically active friends of local D.C. developer Charles E. Smith. On November 6, 2003, Mayor Williams announced that the project had been awarded to the Hines Interests/Archstone/The Georgetown Co. group. The Hines group was chosen because of its track record, its proposal, and because it also had

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7280-510: The Hines group began negotiating the terms of the redevelopment agreement. Negotiations were expected to conclude in April, with construction now estimated to begin in late in 2007 or early in 2008. In April 2004, however, the D.C. City Council proposed scrapping the redevelopment deal. Local architect Ted Mariani had proposed building a 1,500-room hotel and convention exhibit halls (linked underground to

7420-566: The Hines group. William B. Alsup III, head of Washington operations for Hines Interests, said the company could put aside 70,000 square feet (6,500 m ) of the site to build a hotel, even though this would mean sacrificing 428 housing units. Although no formal resolution to the dispute had occurred, Hines Interests released new details in February 2005 about what it envisioned building: Just 772 units of condos and apartments, 275,000 square feet (25,500 m ) of ground-level retail space, now 300,000 square feet (28,000 m ) of office space, and

7560-586: The Jarvis Group); The Georgetown Co.; Hines Interests Limited Partnership and Charles E. Smith Residential ; Human Vision Partners (consisting of New Vision Properties LLC and Mesirow Stein Development Services Inc.); The Related Cos., Boston Properties , and MacFarlane Urban Realty Co.; and Dickie S. Carter. The city said it hoped to have its review of the proposals and the public planning process completed by June 2003. Finalists would be selected on

7700-527: The Old Post Office Pavilion, whose 315-foot (96 m) tall clock tower looms far above other nearby structures. The tallest commercial building is One Franklin Square , at 210 feet (64 m). A number of public urban parks exist in the downtown area. Among the more prominent are: Farragut Square , Franklin Square , Judiciary Square , Lafayette Square (the portion of President's Park north of

7840-818: The Philippines. In Poland , the terms śródmieście or centrum are often used to describe the central business district. The largest central business district in Russia is the Moscow International Business Center (MIBC) in Moscow , a commercial development located just east of the Third Ring Road at the western edge of the Presnensky District in the Central Administrative Okrug of

7980-445: The RFP, and some D.C. officials expressed concern about the partnership because it involved an agency of the District government. But no action was taken against either The Related Cos. or UDC. On July 3, 2003, District officials narrowed the field of candidates to Hines Interests/Charles E. Smith Residential/The Georgetown Co. and Forest City/Jarvis Co. The two developer groups were chosen as finalists because they were able to finance

8120-647: The Traditional Downtown and the Golden Triangle (which is the southern part of DuPont Circle neighborhood), but also West End and Foggy Bottom . The Downtown BID boundaries roughly conform with the more traditional definitions of Downtown and those of the Downtown Urban Renewal Action Area and are: The Downtown BID thus encompasses Penn Quarter , Chinatown , CityCenterDC , and the F Street shopping district . The Golden Triangle

8260-506: The WCSA board voted in favor of the Williams site, but said it would continue to study placing a hotel on a triangular plot of land at 901 New York Avenue NW. WCSA said its third option would be to build the hotel on the northeast corner of the old Washington Convention Center site. Although Cropp was unhappy with the WCSA board's action, Williams said the city would move forward on negotiations with

8400-419: The activities of youth congregating there who live in city-provided housing units. The George Washington University , Foggy Bottom Campus. [REDACTED] Media related to Downtown Washington, D.C. at Wikimedia Commons 38°54′9″N 77°1′58.3″W  /  38.90250°N 77.032861°W  / 38.90250; -77.032861 Central business district A central business district ( CBD )

8540-446: The apartment buildings. All the buildings were "streamlined in glass and metal". The office buildings were clad in a double layer of glass and metal designed to move to reflect sunlight. The condo buildings had glass curtain walls , and balconies extended uninterrupted across the facade (although metal grilles separated each unit's balcony from the next to create some privacy). Vertical slabs of precast concrete extended vertically up

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8680-513: The awarding of the project, most of the details had yet to be decided. City officials said in June 2005 that it would take six to nine months to finalize the master plan. In November 2005, the Office of the Deputy Mayor for Planning and Economic Development and the Hines-led group held its first meeting to receive public input. The planning process took longer than anticipated because it was complicated by additional real estate deals. On January 26, 2005, Kingdon Gould III (a local developer) swapped

8820-573: The basis of which group had successfully completed large, complex projects in the past and which had good working relationships with local officials in previous projects. Some new limitations on the site became publicly known as this time as well. First, the National Park Service , which controlled a 100,000-square-foot (9,300 m ) parcel of land near the intersections of New York Avenue NW, I Street NW, and 10th Street NW, required that its land be used to reconnect 10th and I Streets. Second,

8960-429: The buildings had retail on three stories, while the other two had retail on just two. Gould's plans for the northeast corner of the site were still unsettled, but Hines and Archstone executives said it was well-suited for office space and a boutique hotel. The look of the new buildings also was made public at this time. Foster and Partners designed both office and both condominium buildings, while Shalom Baranes designed

9100-557: The buildings on both blocks. Foster and Partners oversaw the design of the development, while the local firm of Shalom Baranes Associates was the lead architect. The Washington Business Journal and The Washington Times reported the project's total cost as $ 650 million, but The Washington Post pegged it at $ 630 million. City officials estimated that the development would create more than 7,500 temporary construction jobs and 5,200 permanent jobs, and bring in $ 30 million annually in income, sales, and property tax revenues. Construction

9240-409: The central business district. These terms can be literally translated as " inner city " and "city center". Some of the larger cities have more than one central business district. For example, Berlin alone has three. Due to Berlin's history of division during the Cold War , the city contains central business districts both in West ( Kurfürstendamm ) and in East Berlin ( Alexanderplatz ), as well as

9380-550: The chief architect for the project. The price of the land had yet to be negotiated, and D.C. Council approval of the overall agreement was still needed. However, Mayor Williams proposed spending $ 13 million to demolish the Washington Convention Center and construct temporary parking lots on the site until construction began. Government officials also estimated that a year's worth of planning still had to be done, and that zoning approvals could take one or more years after that. On December 20, 2003, Williams submitted legislation to

9520-407: The city start the process over with clearer criteria and new staff to oversee it. The Washington Post , citing unnamed sources close to city officials, said The Related Cos. had been rejected due to their sometimes poor working relationship with local officials in other cities. When the city did not meet its demands, The Related Cos. filed suit in D.C. Superior Court on September 7. A second lawsuit

9660-431: The city's CBD. In South Korea , the national capital of Seoul includes three central business districts. The Downtown Seoul , a historic area inside the Fortress Wall of Seoul in the Jongno and Jung districts has historically been the city's political, social and cultural heart, and still houses many corporate headquarters and political institutions in South Korea. It is also the most popular area for tourists and

9800-532: The city's busiest Metro stations, are within three blocks of the development. CityCenter occupies a 10-acre lot in downtown Washington, D.C., bounded by 11th Street NW on the west, New York Avenue NW on the north, 9th Street NW on the east, and H Street NW on the south. 10th Street NW runs north–south through CityCenter, and I Street NW runs between 9th and 10th streets. CityCenter is within a few blocks walking distance from both Metro Center and Gallery Place/Chinatown Metro stations. The main spine through CityCenter

9940-412: The city's history. Cities with strong preservation laws and maximum building height restrictions to retain the character of the historic and cultural core may have a CBD quite a distance from the city centre (and in some cases, outside the city limits itself). This distinction is quite common in European cities such as Paris , Moscow , Vienna , Prague and Budapest . The New World grew quickly after

10080-644: The city's main commercial district. While the district has a high density of high rise buildings, the tallest building, the SK Building, only reaches a height of 160m due to historic preservation regulations. The second main district, located in the southeast part of Seoul, is Gangnam District , an area that was developed in the 1980s and is now among the city's most affluent neighborhoods. The Gangnam District has concentration mainly in economic power of Seoul, as many of prominent company HQs are located on Teheran Avenue . Gangnam Avenue and Yeondong Avenue, which includes

10220-690: The city. As of 2021, it is still under development. The construction of the MIBC takes place on the Presnenskaya Embankment of the Moskva River , approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) west of Red Square , overlooked by the Third Ring Road. The project occupies an area of 60 hectares. The second-largest central business district is Yekaterinburg-City in Yekaterinburg , the fourth-largest city in

10360-515: The commercial and business activity located in or in the vicinity of the area. It has a permanent population of around 63,000 inhabitants and, during weekday business hours, a floating population that exceeds 700,000 daily commuters from other districts in Lima , the national capital. San Isidro is served by three stations of El Metropolitano , Lima's bus rapid transit system: Estación Javier Prado , Estación Canaval y Moreyra (with over 16,000 daily passengers) and Estación Aramburú . In

10500-477: The condominiums as "disappointing", oppressive, out of place, and recalling "1960s-era apartment blocks". She thought the apartment building designs were "fresher". Dietsch also worried that public spaces, designed by the landscape architecture firm of Gustafson Guthrie Nichol, would be too flat, too hard, and "more severe than serene." But The Washington Post architectural critic Philip Kennicott praised "9 1/2 Street," calling it "the most distinctive feature" of

10640-400: The construction of a high-rise apartment or condominium building with 600 to 900 units (20 percent of which would be for low-income people or families); 300,000 square feet (28,000 m ) of retail space (which would include retail shops as well as restaurants); a 1 acre (0.40 ha) public park or plaza; at least 1,100 underground parking spaces; and additional facilities which might include

10780-543: The convention center as a potential stadium site. In December 2002, seven development proposals were received in response to the RFP. Proposals for the $ 1 billion project were received by District of Columbia Civic Development (consisting of Millennium Partners, Jonathan Rose Cos., Gould Property Co. , and EastBanc Inc.); East End Redevelopment Associates (consisting of Federal Development LLC, Rockefeller Group Development Corp., Centex , and Summit Properties); Forest City-Jarvis Group (consisting of Forest City Washington and

10920-483: The core of the city's downtown. Mexico City also has its own historic city center , the colonial era "Centro Histórico", along with two CBDs: the mid-late 20th century Paseo de la Reforma in Polanco , and the new Santa Fe , respectively. Russia 's largest central business district is the Moscow International Business Center in Moscow . The shape and type of a central business district almost always closely reflect

11060-428: The corner of 9th and H Streets NW, while two larger apartment buildings occupied the corner of 10th and H Streets NW. A north–south running open-air plaza occupied the space between them. Two office buildings occupied the south end of the block between 10th and 11th Streets NW, while an open-air public park with fountain was on the north end. A 24-foot (7.3 m) wide, covered "pedestrian street" ran east–west between

11200-459: The council should not grant. Williams submitted a revised agreement on May 24. Another vote was scheduled for June 2005. Finally, on June 6, 2005, the D.C. City Council unanimously voted to approve the deal between the city and the Hines-led developers' group. The agreement said that 120,000 square feet (11,000 m ) of land on the northeast corner of the old convention center site would be set aside, pending council resolution of what to do with

11340-637: The country. It is located on the Iset River , and is under development as of 2021. The area occupies five hectares. Saudi Arabia has several business districts, including: In Singapore , the CBD is in the Downtown Core , one of the constituent planning areas of the Central Area , the country's city center . Its densest point is centered around Raffles Place , where most of Singapore's skyscrapers are located. The CBD sometimes also describes Central Area as

11480-727: The development as the master planning process continued. By late May 2006, The Washington Post architecture critic Benjamin Forgey said, the large public plaza had largely disappeared from the plans. A month later, The Washington Post described the unnamed project (now scheduled for completion in 2011) as having 772 condo units, 275,000 square feet (25,500 m ) of retail space (unchanged from January 2006), 300,000 square feet (28,000 m ) of office space (down from 100,000 square feet (9,300 m ) since January 2006), 1,900 parking spaces (up from 1,200 in January 2006), an outdoor ice skating rink, and

11620-433: The downtown area) opposed using the existing convention center for any other use than as a convention center. A month later, city officials and developers said that rising land prices within the city limits made using the convention center site for a baseball stadium prohibitively expensive. Finally, on May 19, 2002, Mayor Williams revealed the results of his two-year task force study. The task force and Williams recommended

11760-404: The early 21st century, the southeastern district of Surco experienced a significant increase in upscale corporate developments in the area comprised by avenues Manuel Holguín, El Derby, El Polo, and La Encalada due to lower restrictions to grant construction permit and proximity to residential middle and upper class districts and is set to become, after traditional San Isidro and Miraflores ,

11900-435: The east and besides serving as a hub for Amtrak , VRE and MARC suburban rail, Metro rail and buses, was also an important shopping and dining destination from 1988 until COVID-19 in 2020 forced most tenants to close. As of 2022, authorities are considering plans for renovation and new construction over the railyards behind the station connecting it to the burgeoning NoMa neighborhood. The majority of downtown Washington

12040-684: The east, with a northern boundary of and Massachusetts Avenue, and a southern boundary, roughly, of E Street, thus including the West End , Foggy Bottom , Golden Triangle , Traditional Downtown, Chinatown, Mount Vernon Square , and Downtown East. This diamond-shaped area stretches from Union Station in the east, south to the National Mall, northwest past the White House to Washington Circle in Foggy Bottom and northeast to DuPont Circle. It includes not only

12180-507: The emergence of modern transport, therefore a single centre often included many of the region's tallest buildings and served as both a commercial and cultural city centre. In the 21st century, increasing urbanisation has led to the development of megacities that often have multiple CBDs scattered across the urban area. Downtown sections of cities, especially in North America , often are distinct from CBDs and city centres. No two CBDs have

12320-615: The extended area of Gomti Nagar , and Aminabad in old Lucknow. Kolkata also has central business districts, including B.B.D. Bagh , Park Circus , Esplanade , Salt Lake Sector V , and New Town . The largest CBD in Indonesia is the Golden Triangle ( Segitiga Emas in Indonesian ) in Jakarta . Sudirman Central Business District , a super block that is located within the Golden Triangle,

12460-452: The facade to help break up the monotonous glass wall. The apartment buildings (by lead architect Robert M. Sponseller) also featured glass curtain walls, but the balconies (which did not extend across the facade) were clad in terra cotta and the corners of the buildings were covered in glazed tile in a rhythmic patterns reminiscent of 22 West (a luxury condominium located at 22nd and M Streets NW and completed in 2008). Setbacks were used on

12600-463: The facility's small size and a nationwide boom in the construction of convention centers had caused the 285,000-square-foot (26,500 m ) convention center to see a dramatic drop in business. In May 1990, the city unveiled plans for a new $ 685 million, 2,300,000-square-foot (210,000 m ) convention center. Ground was broken for the new Walter E. Washington Convention Center on October 2, 1998. Differing plans were suggested for redevelopment of

12740-450: The finalists. The RFP also specified that, since the city was unwilling to sell the site outright, the successful bidder would be required to enter into an agreement with the city giving the developer exclusive long-term rights to the site. City officials said it would take yet another year to further define the project, engage in a public planning process, and finalize the project. They did not expect construction to begin until 2005. For

12880-414: The finance industry publication The Bond Buyer said there would be only 772 housing units, and office and retail space alone would total more than 575,000 square feet (53,400 m ) (275,000 square feet (25,500 m ) of retail space and 300,000 square feet (28,000 m ) of office space). The publication also said that 2,000 parking spaces were included in the project, and that at least 30 percent of

13020-591: The financial capital of the country, the famous CBD is The Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai . In Mumbai itself there is Nariman Point , which is another CBD including Andheri and Parel . Parry's Corner and Nungambakkam are among the main CBDs of Chennai . Bangalore has five notable business districts: UB City , Brigade Gateway, Koramangala , Indiranagar , and Electronic City . Lucknow has three business districts, including Hazratganj Market , Gomti Nagar Extension at

13160-563: The fourth in the world. La Défense hosts 19 of the world's biggest 500 companies , whilst the Paris region as a whole hosts 29 of the world's 500 largest companies, establishing itself as the first city in Europe (and the third worldwide) for the number of companies classified in Fortune Fortune Global 500 . In Germany , the terms Innenstadt and Stadtzentrum may be used to describe

13300-562: The geographical centers of the city because the city center is the historical center of the city, and usually not very suitable to function as a modern business district. A precursor to modern business districts is EUR in Rome , which is now home to several national and international companies and public bodies. The EUR, the Napoli business district , the Milan business district , and City Life , are among

13440-409: The impression that the RFP process was flawed even though the city had admitted no wrongdoing in the settlement. In late September 2003, Mayor Williams said he would make a decision about the RFP within a few weeks. At this time, The Washington Post reported that the land alone was worth $ 300 million, the public plaza had become "the focal point" of the development, and that the city was pushing for

13580-433: The intent of both parties to seek the following kind and number of retailers for the project: five restaurants, 10 food markets (general and/or speciality), and 14 cafés. In April 2007, the Hines-led development group submitted its preliminary design schematics to the city for approval. The submission focused on the redevelopment of the park on the northwestern corner of the site, the reopening of 10th and I Streets NW, and

13720-558: The last of which features the only W Hotel in the city. Colombia's other notable CBDs include Parque Berrío in Medellín , Bocagrande in Cartagena (the largest touristic CBD in the country), and Paseo de Bolívar in Barranquilla . La Défense , west of Paris , is France 's largest central business district. La Défense was in 2017 ranked as the leading CBD in continental Europe, and

13860-417: The master plan for the site would not occur until late 2004, city planners said, and zoning and other approvals might take another year or more. Nonetheless, they expressed hope that construction might start in late 2005 or early 2006. The city's decision was not without controversy. On August 10, 2003, The Related Cos., arguing that the RFP process had been "arbitrary, capricious and improper", demanded that

14000-527: The master planning of Bonifacio Global City. Ortigas Center (fourth), with an area of more than 100 hectares (250 acres), is the Philippines' second most important business district after the Makati CBD and is home to Asian Development Bank. Meanwhile, the Makati Central Business District (third), also known as the Makati CBD, is the leading financial and the largest central business district in

14140-568: The most important commercial areas in Italy. Other important business and financial centers are present in Genoa and Brescia . In Pakistan, a central business district or a large, concentrated urban setting within a settlement is called a shehar . Karachi is Pakistan's largest city and the country's economic hub; the I. I. Chundrigar Road acts as Karachi's main financial district. Shahra-e-Faisal in Karachi

14280-473: The new financial center of Lima . The Philippines has three major central business districts, which are all located in Metro Manila. Bonifacio Global City (second) is the newest and one of the largest central business districts in the Philippines. The Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA), Ayala Land, Inc. and Evergreen Holdings, Inc. controls Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation, which oversees

14420-471: The new city main library out of the city's revenues from the project, and use the remaining revenue to reinvigorate the city library system as a whole. Williams asked that the Council resolve the dispute over the headquarters hotel quickly, and warned that further delay imperiled the 7,500 temporary construction jobs and more than 5,000 permanent jobs the project could create. The old Washington Convention Center

14560-405: The new convention center only because she had been led to believe that the old convention center would continue to exist and provide exhibit space for the city. On July 15, 2004, the two sides reached an agreement to proceed with the existing Williams-backed plan, so long as it included at least 1,200 housing units and a new city main public library—but not convention exhibit halls, a major hotel, or

14700-569: The new convention center) on the site of the old convention center, and convinced several members of the City Council that this would be a better use of the land. The Williams administration strongly opposed this plan. Over the next month, members of the Williams administration and City Council staff began meeting to Mariani's proposal. Joe Sternlieb, head of the Downtown D.C. Business Improvement District; James A. Jemison, mayoral planning aide; and city development consultant Ron Kaplan met three times

14840-406: The north–south across the lot, connected the two ends of 10th Street NW; and on either side of the carpet were 12 pairs of abstract art by local artists mounted on 10-foot (3.0 m) high poles. Resolution to the dispute came in June 2005, after almost a year's delay. The D.C. City Council Economic Development Committee held a hearing on the issue on April 18, 2005. The council expected to hold

14980-598: The observation deck in the tower of the Old Post Office Pavilion is known for its views of the city. 7th Street NW between H and F Streets NW—a short commercial strip known as "Gallery Place"—has become a major hub of bars, restaurants, theaters, and upscale retail shops. However, even as late as 2010, most of the core area tended to be empty of pedestrian foot traffic at night, except for streets immediately around theaters and restaurants. Downtown D.C. has been adding residents, however, and pedestrian traffic at night

15120-564: The other two business districts, Yeouido has some of Seoul's tallest skyscrapers, including Parc1 Tower , International Finance Center Seoul , and the 63 Building . Yeouido is where the National Assembly of South Korea and many media companies and political institutions are based. Smaller but notable central business districts in South Korea include the Jamsil area, which is the location of

15260-427: The press, "It's got nothing to it. It's a lost opportunity. It's a shock to see them come up with a bunch of glass boxes instead of an impressive architectural statement." Padro was strongly critical of the open plazas, pointing out that similar spaces in the city did not function as intended but were "skateboard havens and homeless encampments." Deborah Dietsch, architectural critic for The Washington Times , described

15400-496: The price of Gould's land, and whether a payment or land swap would be needed. A land swap was agreed to, and the city was able to move ahead with plans to build the Washington Marriott Marquis (the 1,430-room "headquarters hotel" long-desired by the city). The Gould land swap deal removed from northeasternmost lot on the old convention center site from the control of the Hines-led group, although it remained subject to

15540-439: The project in 2002. Two months later, Mayor Williams said that his vision for the site included housing, a museum (although not necessarily a music museum), a public park, and a theatre . Other city officials said at that time that instead of the city specifying the structures to be built on the site, the city might issue a request for proposals (RFP) which would give private developers the opportunity to make recommendations for

15680-408: The project themselves without assistance from the city. D.C. planning officials said they hoped to select one of the two as the project developer by late August. The finalists were asked to participate in a charrette over the next six weeks, to allow outside designers, members of the public, and other interested parties to view, comment on, and make improvements to the submitted designs. Approval of

15820-544: The project will "reshape" downtown D.C. The D.C. deputy mayor for economic development characterized the project in 2004 as "the capstone of an effort to move the center of energy from the Mall to downtown". D.C. Mayor Anthony A. Williams said in 2005 it was "the crowning achievement in the rebirth of our downtown". In 2007, D.C. Mayor Adrian Fenty called the development a "live, work and play environment unlike anywhere else in D.C." Metro Center and Gallery Place , two of

15960-595: The project would indirectly contribute $ 350 million to the local economy, and when complete the development would generate $ 15 to $ 20 million a year in property tax revenues for the city. Two other firms, the Bundy Development Corp. and the Neighborhood Development Co., had also joined the Hines-Archstone group as co-developers. Hines said it had chosen Foster and Partners , a British firm, as

16100-464: The property. Although the plan still included a public park or other space (to be managed by the property manager, not the city), a music museum had been explicitly ruled out by the council in favor of revenue-generating activities. Details of the plan remained unclear. The Associated Press reported that there would now be 1,372 housing units on the site, and that office, retail, and parking space would total 550,000 square feet (51,000 m ). But

16240-614: The restrictions of the master plan. The land swap still required city council approval. The land swap negotiations had held up resolution of the master plan details, but now Hines Interests officials said they would submit the draft final master plan to the city in the spring of 2005. That $ 1 billion plan now called for 275,000 square feet (25,500 m ) of retail space, 400,000 square feet (37,000 m ) of office space (up from 300,000 square feet (28,000 m ) in June 2004), 772 apartments and condominiums, and 1,200 parking spaces (down from 2,000 in June 2004). Further changes were made to

16380-469: The retail space must be leased to stand-alone rather than chain stores. Construction would begin in 2008, the Associated Press said. The city would get a 99-year lease, the Associated Press and The Bond Buyer reported, but this would generate only about $ 2 million a year in profit. Another $ 10 million a year would be generated in income and property taxes. Although the city had finally approved

16520-441: The same spatial shape, but there are certain common geometric patterns, which are largely a result of centralised commercial and industrial activities. In Australia , the term CBD is widely used officially and colloquially, in the sense of city centre. The two biggest cities, Melbourne and Sydney , have large CBDs. Sydney features growing micro central business districts, which serve as the hub for their respective areas outside

16660-425: The series of George Floyd protests taking place in the city . Two business improvement districts cover the downtown D.C. area. The Downtown DC Business Improvement District (Downtown DC BID) is bounded by 16th Street NW, Massachusetts Avenue NW, and Constitution Avenue NW, and is funded by a voluntary tax provided by 825 businesses in the area. The Golden Triangle Business Improvement District (Golden Triangle BID)

16800-571: The site of the existing convention center. In 1998, leaders of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts , Library of Congress , Smithsonian Institution, and the Federal City Council proposed construction of a $ 1 billion development that would include a hotel, music museum, and retail space. In 1999, a D.C. government study proposed constructing a new Major League Baseball stadium at

16940-530: The site of the rail terminus for the Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail . South Africa 's largest cities, Cape Town , Durban , Johannesburg , Pretoria , and Port Elizabeth , have CBDs that include the corporate headquarters for many of South Africa's largest companies, its convention centers , and many of the country's tallest buildings. Cape Town has one of South Africa's most iconic skyline (which includes Table Mountain ) and

17080-514: The site's use. In March 2002, the law firm of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom signed a letter of intent to take office space in any development that was built. The development hit its first obstacle in April 2002 when members of the board of directors of the National Capital Revitalization Corporation (a quasi-public corporation established by the city and charged with helping businesses open and expand in

17220-524: The site. Anthony A. Williams, Mayor of the District of Columbia, established a task force in July 2000 to advise the city on how to redevelop the Washington Convention Center site. Although the mayor's task force had not issued its report, on November 14, 2000, Williams unveiled a city-wide development plan that proposed constructing a major new public attraction (such as a museum) on the land. The plan also suggested building city-owned parking garages (to alleviate

17360-411: The six parcels of land for the office buildings and residential housing. All buildings were designed to meet existing zoning regulations. Approval of the schematics and signing of the lease for the land were anticipated to occur in May 2007, so that construction could begin that fall. The schematics showed that 464 residential units would be apartments, and 222 units would be condominiums. Each building

17500-479: The size of the site was not the 10.5 acres (4.2 ha) originally reported. Instead, the site was just 9.5 acres (3.8 ha) in size. City officials admitted that the National Park Service controlled a 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m ) parcel along 11th Street NW north of H Street NW. However, D.C. officials said they hoped to convince the agency to allow the site to be developed. On March 29, 2003,

17640-458: The storefronts visually. The narrowness of the pedestrian area was intended to create a more human-scale urban experience similar to that of New York City. The interior plaza between the condominiums and apartment buildings was shown with a fountain in the center. The Washington Post reported that public reaction to Shalom Baranes' design of the structures tended to be negative. Local Advisory Neighborhood Commission member Alexander Padro told

17780-748: The task force's vision was to "remake" downtown, so that the project would become as central to Washington, D.C., as the Inner Harbor is to Baltimore, Maryland . Williams submitted a draft RFP to the Council of the District of Columbia in June 2002, and said his goal was to get the RFP approved and project proposals received by the fall of 2002. The RFP was approved, and the city issued it in August. The RFP contained guidelines which any proposal had to meet. These included 1,000 units of housing, 300,000 square feet (28,000 m ) of retail space, more than one theatre (with 70,000 square feet (6,500 m ) of space and

17920-437: The upper floors along the pedestrian interior spaces. The "pedestrian street" (nicknamed "9 1/2 Street" by the architects) was to be paved in granite, with each retail front jutting into the street at different depths and adorned with varying signage. The goal was to mimic a street which had been built at different times and in different architectural styles, without completely losing a uniform architectural style that would unify

18060-406: The vote after Mayor Williams asked for more time to negotiate a solution. The next day, Cropp, supported by the city's hospitality industry, suggested that the old convention center site be used for a $ 450 million, 1,500-room "convention headquarters hotel" instead of the site (bounded by L Street NW, 9th Street NW, and Massachusetts Avenue NW) favored by the Williams administration. Greg Fazakerley,

18200-814: Was 11 or 12 stories tall, and sheathed in glass and steel. Further details about the preliminary design emerged two weeks later. The Washington Post reported that the northwestern park was now slightly larger at 29,000 square feet (2,700 m ), office space had soared to 465,000 square feet (43,200 m ) (up from 415,000 square feet (38,600 m ) in November 2006), and only 1,640 underground parking spaces were planned (down from 1,700 in November 2006). The number of housing units had fallen to 665 from 686 in November 2006, which included 211 condos ranging in price from $ 700,000 to $ 1.4 million. Retail space had also shrunk, to 250,000 square feet (23,000 m ) (from 280,000 square feet (26,000 m ) in November 2006). Four of

18340-611: Was built in the Beaux-Arts style. Unlike other large cities in the U.S., Washington's downtown has a low skyline. With the advent of the skyscraper and the construction of the Cairo Hotel , residents were concerned that the city's European feel might be dwarfed by high-rise buildings. Congress therefore passed the Heights of Buildings Act in 1899, limiting any new building in Washington to

18480-550: Was filed by the company on November 9. On November 20, the District of Columbia Office of the Corporation Counsel filed a motion to dismiss , arguing that The Related Cos. had offered no legal or factual basis for claiming that the selection process was flawed. On December 18, D.C. Superior Court Judge A. Franklin Burress, Jr., rejected the city's motion and scheduled a preliminary court hearing for January 12, 2004. This hearing

18620-454: Was imploded on December 18, 2004. Concrete from the site was recycled and used as a stabilizing layer in the new temporary parking lots later built on the site. The city built a beautified parking lot on the space. Colored glass was embedded in sidewalks criss-crossing the lot; trees and shrubs were planted around the lots; purple-colored street lamps provided nighttime lighting; a 60-foot (18 m) wide path of synthetic green carpet, stretched

18760-460: Was listed on the NRHP in 2001. The Washington, D.C. government does not officially define neighborhoods or neighborhood boundaries, so there are varying definitions of which areas constitute Downtown D.C. or the central business district of D.C. In a 2008 map, the city's planning department showed as existing Downtown areas a broad swath of everything between Georgetown on the west and Union Station on

18900-501: Was ready to begin. In May 2003, a minor scandal erupted over a partnership which The Related Cos. made with the University of the District of Columbia (UDC). The Related Cos. agreed to allow UDC to establish apprenticeships and educational classes in a number of disciplines (such as construction, cooking, and property management) for UDC students, but only if The Related Cos. won the RFP. Real estate experts, other companies competing for

19040-417: Was rescheduled for March 14. The March 14 hearing was postponed when the city and the developer entered into negotiations to try to resolve their differences without a trial. On March 26, the city and Hines Interest each agreed to pay $ 1 million to The Related Cos. immediately, with another $ 3 million to come from revenue generated by the project. City council members criticized the settlement, arguing it left

19180-420: Was set to begin in late 2008 and conclude by mid-2011. The city had yet to decide what to do with its remaining 110,000 square feet (10,000 m ) parcel, which occupied the west end of the triangular block bordering New York Avenue NW between 9th and 10th Streets NW, but city officials were still pushing for a public library on the spot. The 99-year lease the city signed with Hines-Archstone in 2006 expressed

19320-582: Was the area revived. In Frankfurt am Main 's city center, there is a business district called the " Bankenviertel ". In Düsseldorf , there is a business district which is located around the famous high street Königsallee with banks, shops and offices. Traditionally, the Central Business District "CBD" of Hong Kong is Central , where many multinational financial services corporations have their headquarters. Consulates general and consulates of many countries are also located in this area, as

19460-507: Was the city's first business center; There, the São Paulo Stock Exchange is located. The region comprising Avenidas Berrini, Doutor Chucri Zaidan, and Nações Unidas, the city's newest commercial district, has offices of multinational companies and also commercial services. In Rio de Janeiro , Brazil's second-largest city, the main business district still is in downtown, where Petrobrás and Vale headquarters are located, but there

19600-606: Was yet unclear whether the project would require city financial backing, and that individual projects within the development might use city-issued tax-exempt bonds for funding.) The development group also said it would make a cash payment to the city immediately upon approval of the deal and give the city a portion of the profits from the project, a combined income which city officials said was worth $ 250 million. The winning proposal included 350,000 square feet (33,000 m ) of ground level retail space; 600 apartments and 275 condominiums; 50,000 square feet (4,600 m ) of office space;

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