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27-541: The village of Zábřeh is an administrative part of Dolní Benešov. Dolní Benešov is located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Opava and 12 km (7 mi) northwest of Ostrava . It lies in a flat agricultural landscape in the Opava Hilly Land . It is situated near the Opava River , which forms the southern municipal border. There are two large fishponds: Jezero and Nezmar. The first written mention of Benešov

54-528: A Neo-Renaissance house, built in 1908–1910 according to the design by Leopold Bauer . The Silesian Museum , founded in 1814, is the oldest public museum in the Czech Republic. It has about 2,400,000 exhibition items and is the third largest museum in the country. Opava is twinned with: Opava (river) The Opava ( Polish : Opawa , German : Oppa ) is a river in the Czech Republic ,

81-749: A left tributary of the Oder River. It partly forms the Czech-Polish state border. It flows through the Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic and along the Opole Voivodeship in Poland. It is formed by the confluence of the Černá Opava and Střední Opava streams. Together with the Černá Opava, which is its main source, the Opava is 129.3 km (80.3 mi) long, making it the 15th longest river in

108-401: A water management point of view, the Opava, Černá Opava and Střední Opava are three different watercourses with separate numbering of river kilometres . The Opava itself is formed by the confluence of the Černá Opava and Střední Opava in the territory of Vrbno pod Pradědem at an elevation of 529 m (1,736 ft), and is 110.7 km (68.8 mi) long. The stream of Bílá Opava flows to

135-406: Is 129.3 km (80.3 mi) long, making it the 15th longest river in the country . The river forms 21.8 km (13.5 mi) of the Czech-Polish border. Its drainage basin has an area of 2,088.8 km (806.5 sq mi), of which 1,813.7 km (700.3 sq mi) is in the Czech Republic. The sources and longest tributaries of the Opava are: The most notable settlement on

162-486: Is Hůrka at 530 m (1,740 ft) above sea level. Opava is situated at the confluence of the Opava and Moravice rivers. The Opava River flows through the city centre. Stříbrné Lake is an artificial lake on the outskirts of the city created by the flooding of the former gypsum quarry. It is used for recreational purposes. The first written mention of Opava is from 1195. In 1224, Opava received town privileges . After

189-489: Is a city in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 56,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Opava River. Opava is one of the historical centres of Silesia and was a historical capital of Czech Silesia . Opava is made up of eight self-governing boroughs in the suburbs and the central part that is directly administered. The city is further divided into 14 administrative parts (in brackets): The city

216-581: Is from 1312, as an estate of the Benešovice noble family. In 1371, its then owner Margrave John Henry exchanged Benešov for the Drahotuš Castle near Lipník nad Bečvou with the Drahotuš family. This family owned Benešov until the late 16th century. During their rule, the village prospered and developed, and in 1493 it received town privileges by King Vladislaus II . In 1598, Benešov was illegally acquired by

243-516: Is named after the Opava River . The name of the river arose from the old Celtic words apa , opa , i.e. 'water'. Opava is located about 27 km (17 mi) northwest of Ostrava . Most of its territory lies in the Opava Hilly Land within the Silesian Lowlands , but it also extends to the Nízký Jeseník range in the southeast and northwest. The highest point of the municipal territory

270-584: Is the Co-Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary . It is the largest building in the Czech Republic built in the so-called Silesian Brick Gothic style. A solid prismatic tower was built in the late 13th century and a higher south tower was built in the early 14th century, both towers were originally intended as part of a city hall. The church building between the towers dates from the mid-14th century. In 1996,

297-649: The Duchy of Troppau was established, Opava became its capital. In 1427–1431, the duchy was ruled by the Hussites . In 1485, it was acquired by Matthias Corvinus and ruled by the Hungarians until 1526. In 1613, Karl I of Liechtenstein became Duke of Opava and merged the duchy with the Duchy of Krnov . After the majority of Silesia was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia during the War of

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324-501: The 1870s. Today the Dolní Benešov Castle houses the municipal office. The castle is surrounded by a 1.7 ha (4.2 acres) English park, which is freely accessible. The Church of Saint Martin dates from the second half of the 17th century. The tower was added in 1862–1863. Dolní Benešov is twinned with: Opava Opava ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈopava] ; German : Troppau , Polish : Opawa )

351-871: The Austrian Succession after 1740, the remaining Silesian territory still under the control of the Habsburg monarchy became known as Austrian Silesia , with its capital in Opava (1742–1918). The Congress of Troppau took place here from 24 October to 23 December 1820. According to the Austrian census of 1910, the town had 30,762 inhabitants, 29,587 of whom had permanent residence there. The census asked people for their native language, which showed that 27,240 (92%) were German-speaking, 2,039 (6.9%) were Czech-speaking and 274 (0.9%) were Polish-speaking. Jews were not allowed to declare Yiddish , and most of them thus declared German as their native language. The main religious group

378-463: The Hlučín Region takes place in the town. The local football club FC Dolní Benešov plays in lower amateur tiers. Near the village of Zábřeh there is a small sports airport. The local fortress from the 14th century was rebuilt into a Renaissance residence at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries. In the 18th century, baroque modifications were made. The last extensive reconstruction dates from

405-572: The Mošovský family during their re-Catholicization struggles. The town was then owned by the barons of Kalkreut in 1710–1774, by the Henneberk family in 1774–1846, and by the Rothschild family in 1846–1848. During World War II , the village was the base for a working party of British and Commonwealth prisoners of war, under the administration of Stalag VIIIB/344 at Łambinowice in Poland. In January 1945, as

432-557: The Soviet Red Army at the cost of enormous war damage. In 1945–1946, the German population was expelled under terms of Beneš decrees and the city was resettled with Czechs. On 1 January 1946, the municipalities of Jaktař, Kateřinky and Kylešovice were joined to Opava. After the war, entire new residential areas and industrial plants were built. While the Duchy of Opava has ceased to exist,

459-612: The Soviet armies resumed their offensive and advanced from the east, and the prisoners were marched westward in The Long March . Many of them died from the bitter cold and exhaustion. The lucky ones got far enough to the west to be liberated by the Allied armies. The I/56 road from Ostrava to Opava passes through the town. Dolní Benešov is located on the railway line Opava– Hlučín . The annual meeting of youth wind orchestras Music Spring in

486-657: The Střední Opava shortly before its confluence with the Černá Opava and is also considered the source of the Opava. In a broader point of view, the Opava (as Černá Opava) originates in the territory of Zlaté Hory in the Hrubý Jeseník mountain range, on the slope of the Orlík mountain at an elevation of 1,062 m (3,484 ft), and flows to Ostrava , where it enters the Oder River at an elevation of 207 m (679 ft). It

513-697: The church became the second Episcopal church of the Ostrava-Opava diocese , and therefore a co-cathedral. With 102 metres (335 ft), the southern church tower is the highest tower in Silesia. There are three monuments, protected as national cultural monuments of the Czech Republic . Besides the co-cathedral, there is the Chapel of the Holy Cross, which dates from 1394, and the Petr Bezruč City House of Culture;

540-439: The country . Without the Černá Opava, it is 110.7 km (68.8 mi) long. The first written mentions of the river are from 1031 (as Vpa) and 1062 (as Opa). The words apa , opa were Celtic words for 'water' or 'river'. The suffix -ava is of younger origin and also denotes 'water'. The source streams of the Opava are called Černá Opava ('black Opava'), Střední Opava ('middle Opava') and Bílá Opava ('white Opava'). From

567-540: The hospital and the psychiatric hospital. Opava is an important cultural centre of Opavian Silesia . The Silesian Theatre in Opava was founded in 1805. Opava is home to the Silesian University , the only public university in the country not situated in a regional capital. It was established in 1991. The city's football club SFC Opava currently plays in the Czech National Football League ,

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594-462: The protected species of fish and lampreys are the common minnow , European bullhead , alpine bullhead and brook lamprey , occurring on the upper course of the river. Among the protected animal species occurring in the lower course of the river are the European crayfish , painter's mussel , swollen river mussel and duck mussel . The entire course of the river is also a nesting and hunting ground for

621-422: The river are the cities of Ostrava and Opava , named after the river. The river flows through the municipal territories of Vrbno pod Pradědem , Karlovice , Široká Niva , Nové Heřminovy , Zátor , Brantice , Krnov , Úvalno , Brumovice , Holasovice , Opava, Velké Hoštice , Kravaře , Štítina , Mokré Lazce , Háj ve Slezsku , Dolní Benešov , Kozmice , Dobroslavice , Děhylov , Hlučín and Ostrava. In

648-570: The second tier of the Czech football league system. One of the two main landmarks of Opava is the city hall on the Horní Square and its white tower, known as Hláska. A one-storey city hall and the tower were built in 1614–1618. However, the less representative town hall building around the tower was demolished in 1902 and replaced with a new one in the Neo-Renaissance style. The second main landmark

675-521: The section between Krnov and Opava, where the river forms most of the Czech-Polish state border, the river flows along the territory of Gmina Branice . There are no reservoirs and fishponds built directly on the Opava. There are 754 bodies of water in the basin area. The largest of them is the Slezská Harta Reservoir with an area of 840 ha (2,100 acres). Common fish in the river include river trout , grayling and common barbel . Among

702-413: The title of Duke of Troppau continues, with Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein being the current incumbent. Opava is home especially to the engineering, food, paper and pharmaceutical industries. The largest company is Teva Czech Industries , a manufacturer of medicinal products, whose predecessor was founded in Opava in 1883. It employs about 1,600 people. The largest non-industrial employers are

729-504: Was Roman Catholics with 28,379 (92.2%), followed by Protestants with 1,155 (3.7%) and Jews with 1,112 (3.6%). After the defeat of Austria-Hungary in World War I , Opava became part of Czechoslovakia in 1919. In 1938, Opava was ceded to Nazi Germany as a result of the Munich agreement . It was administered as a part of Reichsgau Sudetenland . On 22 April 1945, Opava was liberated by

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