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58-467: "Dixie League" may refer to: Dixie League (American football) , American professional football minor league, 1936-1947 Dixie League (1916 baseball) , class 'D' - minor league baseball league based in Alabama and Georgia, 1916-1917 Dixie League (1933 baseball) , class 'C' - minor league baseball league with teams in several U.S. states, 1933, which split into

116-556: A game for the "National Minor League title". Two members of the 1937 Baltimore Blue Jays/Blue Birds ("Sunshine" Campbell and John Spirida ) provided the difference in the game, with Campbell throwing two touchdown passes and Spirida scoring ten points in the game. The number of traveling teams in the "Dixie League" was halved with the folding of the Alexandria Celtics team in Virginia. The number of league members stayed at five with

174-528: A member when the organization received its charter. A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter. Anglo-Saxon charters are documents from the early medieval period in Britain which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment , in Latin but often with sections in

232-490: A possible reorganization for a season in 1948, the "Dixie League" was no longer a viable entity. The Charlotte Clippers continued through 1949 as an independent team, while members of the Portsmouth Pirates and Norfolk Shamrocks combined forces to also test the waters of independence competition in 1948. The Richmond Rebels , "Dixie League" charter members like Portsmouth and Norfolk, continued their participation in

290-427: A university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction. A charter of " Inspeximus " (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where

348-445: A working compact with the NFL , prohibiting the participation of players signed to "outlaw leagues" (originally directed toward the third AFL – which never returned from "its" limbo – but was subsequently applied to the now newly formed pro football "major league" competitor to the old National Football League , known as the " All-America Football Conference " of 1946–1949 which competed with

406-467: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Dixie League (American football) The "Dixie League" was a professional American football minor league founded in 1936 originally as the "South Atlantic Football Association" , with six charter member teams in the Middle Atlantic states of Maryland , Virginia , and Washington, D.C. Like

464-400: Is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school , for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school. Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus , boat or plane . A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became

522-574: The East Dixie League , 1934-1935 West Dixie League , 1934-1935 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Dixie League . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dixie_League&oldid=638399519 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

580-428: The " Virginia Football League " for the 1942 season with 'D.L.' member teams Portsmouth, Newport News, and Richmond. The plans were short-lived as Newport News failed to field a team and the other three teams played only a few games before competition was canceled due to lack of spectator interest (or else the extremely high work-load in the numerous local defense plants and shipyards just getting started up to speed in

638-434: The "American Association" (which now had changed its name in 1946 to the (third) third "American Football League" ) along with the far western Pacific Coast Professional Football League . On March 24, 1946, P.C.P.F.L. president J. Rufus Klawans announced the "Big Three" of the U.S.A.'s pro football's minor leagues had formed the coordinating " Association of Professional Football Leagues ". The new A.P.F.L. entered into

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696-614: The "Norfolk Soldiers" (won 54–6), while the Shamrocks finished the season in a benefit exhibition game against Camp Lee soldiers (won 24–7) that drew 12,500 spectators. The new "working relationship" that the "Big Three" minor leagues and the older "major league" NFL reaped positive benefits for the "Dixie League" as the 'D.L.' teams lined up various "sponsors" with team franchises in the major pro football league. While both "Dixie League" and AFL teams acted as " farm system teams " for their big league "sponsors," rules were in place to prevent

754-706: The American Association (nicknamed the 'A.A.', which was another minor league in pro football that formed in 1936, (not to be confused with another " American Association ", an early famous major league baseball group from 1881 to 1892), its popularity (and attendance) rivaled that of another earlier established "major league" grouping, the National Football League of 1922 (originally the "American Professional Football Conference" formed in 1920, later quickly renamed "American Professional Football Association"). Unlike most professional football minor leagues,

812-548: The American Football League of 1946 until that league had "its" later implosion in 1950 (the Rebels won the last two AFL championships, in 1949 and 1950). The team petitioned to join the competing major league, the new " All-America Football Conference " for their fourth 1950 season, but the A.A.F.C. – major league's pending merger negotiations and later agreement with the old National Football League of 1920/1922 thwarted

870-588: The Pearl Harbor attack by Japan , on the "Day of Infamy" – Sunday, December 7, 1941; unlike the AFL, the football minor league reorganized after the end of the War and resumed competition in the first post-war season year of 1946. The following year, the 'D.L.' collapsed when one of its member teams purchased the assets of a defunct team in the other pro football minor loop, the " American Association " (which then changed its name to

928-623: The United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code . A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body , including (but not necessarily limited to) cities , counties , towns , townships , charter townships , villages , and boroughs . Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under

986-406: The terms of reference ) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from

1044-573: The "American Association" and the third "American Football League" – the "Dixie League" suspended its operations in early 1942 in the wake of the December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor attack and the U.S. entry into World War II . The League stayed in limbo until 1946. As American troops returned to the homefront in the United States after the end of World War II , the owners of the "Dixie League" member teams, led by Howren, announced plans for "reorganizing"

1102-658: The "American Football League" in 1946) and opted to jump leagues. The "Dixie League" began its existence in 1936 when six independent teams joined forces for the purposes of competition. Charter members included the Maryland Athletic Club (which moved to Washington, D.C. in 1936 to become the Washington Pros ), the Baltimore Orioles (also known sometimes as the Baltimore Blue Jays , but no relation to

1160-465: The "Dixie League" had a relative stability in membership during the " Great Depression " in the years prior to World War II , maintaining a five or six-team lineup membership of franchises (and adding a team in North Carolina upon the demise of their Washington team franchise in 1941). Like the competitor 'AA' and the third "American Football League" , the "Dixie League" suspended operations after

1218-575: The "Dixie League." The name was officially adopted for the second 1937 pro season. Like the New York Yankees pro football team of the first "American Football League" , the Richmond Arrows provided the financial backbone of the Dixie League in its first year, averaging twice as many paying spectators per home game as the other league members. The Arrows played all their games at home, offering

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1276-529: The 1941 season in third place. Charlotte had a successful freshman season in the "Dixie League", scoring 184 points, roughly 30 more than Newport News and Norfolk... and the previous record set in 1940 by Richmond. The Clippers finished second to Norfolk, whose star back Pete Sachon was billed as "Pistol Pete" three decades before Pete Maravich . "Pistol Pete" Sachon was selected the 'D.L.' most valuable player for 1941. No playoffs : Norfolk declared league champion Like two other professional football leagues –

1334-466: The Arrows entertained the fans by being the first 'D.L.' team to average more than two touchdowns a game. "Sunshine" Campbell, returning to the Dixie League after playing in the American Association and the E.P.F.L. , provided the passes, and A. B. Conner became the "M.V.P." of the "Dixie League" by scoring 49 points. Portsmouth's Larry Weldon set a new league record by throwing seven touchdown passes in

1392-579: The League suddenly announced that it was suspending operations for the 1947 season. On October 7, 1947, control of the Portsmouth Pirates was transferred from an ailing Charles Aberson to a group based in Charlottesville , with the agreement that the team would revert to Aberson in 1948. The next day, the League was blindsided by the announcement that longtime 'D.L.' member team, Richmond had purchased

1450-479: The League's top passer, Leroy "Sunshine" Campbell . Until the player strike, back Mush DeLotto provided an explosive running game for the Richmond Arrows. "Playoffs" : Washington defeated Richmond; Baltimore defeated Alexandria "Championship" : Washington beat Baltimore, 3–0, on a Willis Brenner field goal with 13 seconds left in regulation. Fourth-place finisher Portsmouth declined to participate in

1508-424: The League. With the exception of Roanoke (which was replaced by a team from Greensboro ), the "Dixie League" of 1946 resembled the 'D.L.' of five years earlier, although a couple of members (Richmond and Portsmouth) opted for changes in their team names. William Nickels, Jr. continued as the League president. While the league opted to maintain continuity on the playing field, the "Dixie League" joined forces with

1566-522: The Nation's Capital, the year before) under owner George Preston Marshall . A. E. Stutz , the founder and owner of the Norfolk Clancys , died in late 1937; in 1938, new owner Harry Howren started stockpiling talent (including back Mush DeLotto, formerly of Richmond), sufficient for the newly renamed the "Shamrocks" to dominate League play that year. Another Shamrock player, tackle Vernon "Buck" Miles ,

1624-630: The Portsmouth Pirates, while the former Richmond Arrows adopted a familiar old name: the Richmond Rebels . The 1946 "Dixie League" campaign featured a tight race between two teams with potent offenses, the Charlotte Clippers (with backs Casey Jones and Butch Butler ) and Richmond (with backs Glenn Knox and Tony Gallovich ). League records for offense fell as Butler threw 11 touchdown passes and Richmond's Morgan Tiller had eight touchdown receptions. The two teams were even in their battle for

1682-644: The Richmond Rams would later become the first black player of the Richmond Rebels in 1949, after they moved to the AFL . Charter member The word entered the English language from the Old French charte , via Latin charta , and ultimately from Greek χάρτης ( khartes , meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges. The term

1740-489: The Roanoke Travelers returned to the fold, replacing the defunct Newport News franchise. Plans for possible expansion were being made for the 1948 season. The optimism of the League for its new season started to disappear just before the first week of competition. Both Winston-Salem and Roanoke withdrew, suddenly leaving the "Dixie League" with a mere four teams. The week after the "Opening Day", (October 5, 1947) games,

1798-627: The War's first year). Richmond Rockets 32 vs. Portsmouth Cubs 18 (October 11, 1942 in Richmond, VA) Norfolk Shamrocks 17 vs. Richmond Rockets 0 (October 18, 1942 in Greensboro, NC) Richmond Rockets 33 vs. Portsmouth Cubs 6 (October 27, 1942 in Norfolk, VA) Richmond Rockets 19 vs. Norfolk Shamrock 26 (November 1, 1942 in Richmond, VA) The Rockets played an exhibition game in City Stadium against

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1856-519: The addition of the Roanoke Travelers, the "Dixie League" returned to having six teams for the 1940 season. While the team made a successful debut, finishing in second place, the Travelers had the misfortune of having almost half of its season canceled as a result of bad weather. Two early losses deprived Richmond of a chance for competing for the league title (which was easily won by Portsmouth), but

1914-608: The all league team, including league most valuable player Lyle Graham . The winless Portsmouth team had a future team member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio on its roster, player-coach "Ace" Parker , who played in only one game for the Cubs before he signed with the NFL's Brooklyn Dodgers team in early November. After two years of stability, the "Dixie League" made some adjustments in 1938. William Nickels, Jr. became

1972-521: The assets of a defunct "American Football League" (former "American Association") franchise, (the Long Island Indians, which lost all three games they played that season) and defected to the other minor league. The move inflicted a fatal wound to the "Dixie League". A month earlier, the Dixie's had six members ready for competition; after the Richmond defection, only three teams remained. The League

2030-400: The club's intentions. In 1946 four Virginia teams formed an all-black league, making it in essence a scaled-down black version of the segregated Dixie League. The league lasted only one season, and most remembered by the fact that they played also against local historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs): Virginia Union , Virginia State and Norfolk State . Fred Cooper from

2088-516: The earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies , and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown ." Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant. A congressional charter is a law passed by

2146-534: The entrance of the Newport News Builders, which actually played its home games in neighboring Hampton southeast of Newport News on the Virginia Peninsula . “Buck” Miles became the league "M.V.P." as he repeated his feat of scoring the most points in the "Dixie League". His Cubs finished the season in a tie for the league lead with the Richmond Arrows (the Cubs had a 6–1 record, the Arrows 6–1–1). For

2204-479: The first time, the "Dixie League" had six teams with actual home fields, with the Charlotte Clippers of Charlotte in North Carolina replacing Washington. As the United States started preparing for a war with the " Axis Powers ", ( Nazi Germany , Fascist Italy , and Imperial Japan ) that appeared to be inevitable in the fall of 1941, the League benefited from the addition of military personnel from bases in

2262-481: The last game, the Cubs added Ace Parker (after he finished an All-Pro season with the NFL's team, the Brooklyn Dodgers ). He scored the only touchdown in a 7–0 Cubs victory over Newport News Builders to force a playoff with the Richmond Arrows for the league championship (in which Parker scores the only touchdown in a Cubs 7–0 win). Playoff : Portsmouth 7, Richmond 0 – Portsmouth wins league championship With

2320-615: The later major league "Orioles" baseball team in the American League , (1954 to present), Norfolk Clancys, Richmond Arrows, Portsmouth Cubs, and the Alexandria Celtics (the last was a " traveling team " with no regular home city). Charles Hamilton became the new "Dixie League's" first president. Although the new League officially called itself at first, the "South Atlantic Football League" in its first year of existence, various sportswriters repeatedly unofficially called it

2378-495: The laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter . Charters for chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta . In project management , a project charter or project definition (sometimes called

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2436-501: The league featured balance from top to bottom in its maiden season, it clearly divided into the "haves" and "have nots" in 1937. Five members of the Washington Presidents (including backfield mates Tom Oliver and Gene Augusterfer ) were named to the all league team. Baltimore's Ted Wright was once again the league's leading scorer while teammate "Sunshine" Campbell dented defenses with his passes. Richmond placed three linemen on

2494-452: The league title until the Rebels lost their final two games. The "Dixie League" had a successful revival in 1946. No one could have foreseen its sudden demise a mere one year later. No playoffs : Charlotte declared Dixie League champions After a successful post-war revival in 1946, the "Dixie League" prepared for a season of change in 1947. It inaugurated a new president, Tom Hanes . The Greensboro Patriots moved to Winston-Salem , while

2552-774: The league's second president, replacing Charles Hamilton. The DL was forced to play with only five teams after the folding of the Baltimore Blue Jays/Blue Birds , and the Washington Patriots minor league squad became a traveling team (having been upstaged by the NFL's former Boston Braves, later renamed the Boston Redskins later becoming the Washington Redskins and the League's entry into the District of Columbia ,

2610-518: The league. Despite the competition from the Rebels, the Arrows held their own, both on the field and at the turnstiles with their fans. Despite their improved record, the Arrows could finish no higher than third place, behind the undefeated defending champion Washington (which became the Presidents) and the newly rechristened Baltimore Blue Jays or Blue Birds . Championship : no playoffs – Washington clinches title on 3–3 tie with Baltimore While

2668-462: The legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters. At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies ) are generally now used instead. A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise

2726-486: The older pro football loop). The new coordinating Association however, lasted less than two years. Norfolk Shamrocks owner Harry Howren disagreed with the decision of the League (and getting inspiration from 32nd President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who was quoted as saying that it would be good if the national baseball and football leagues were able to continue to play some games of their seasons, giving inspiration and entertainment to weary war-workers) and opted to form

2784-643: The playoffs, opting for a game against nearby rival Norfolk . Despite finishing in last place, Alexandria took Portsmouth's place against Baltimore . In the first game of a series between the 'D.L.' champion and the winners of the American Association, the Washington Pros (Dixie League) defeated the Brooklyn Bay Parkways (American Association) 13–6 in Richmond, Virginia , January 1, 1937. While there would be more exhibition games involving members of

2842-469: The project charter. In medieval Europe, royal charters were used to create cities (i.e., localities with recognised legal rights and privileges). The date that such a charter was granted is considered to be when a city was "founded", regardless of when the locality originally began to be settled. The Charter of 1814 , France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration , was thus called to promote

2900-518: The region. Playing for the Newport News Builders, two such newcomers broke passing and scoring records that were established just the previous year. George Cafego had eight of his passes go for touchdowns, while Ken Fryer scored 61 points, more than any minor league player in a single season before the entry of the U.S. into World War II . Despite the records on offense, the Builders finished

2958-423: The span of ten games. Over a span of 20 games in 1939 and 1940, Weldon and the Cubs won 16 games, lose two, and tie two games (a .889 winning percentage) – and win two league titles. Washington's Presidents struggled through its third consecutive season as a "traveling team", and left the League after the end of the 1940 season. No playoffs : Portsmouth declared league champions for the second straight year. For

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3016-404: The stockpiling of talent for later use by the old NFL . As a result, the major pro league teams were not permitted to "raid" their minor league brethren, and the quality of play, and the players, was a step-up compared to before World War II . In addition to the new Greensboro franchise, the "Dixie League" of 1946 had two charter members change their names. The former Portsmouth Cubs became

3074-422: The two leagues, this was the last time that an " American Association " team lost to a team in the "Dixie League" on the gridiron. Compared to most sporting leagues in their beginning years, the "Dixie League" had begun strongly. All six charter members were in strong enough shape to compete in a second season (three of the six remained 'D.L.' members from the 1936 beginning to the aborted 1947 season). Richmond

3132-488: The vernacular, describing the bounds of estates, which often correspond closely to modern parish boundaries. The earliest surviving charters were drawn up in the 670s; the oldest surviving charters granted land to the Church , but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people . The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of

3190-479: The visiting teams a five percent bonus for the privilege. On November 15, 1936, Richmond's team coach (Dave Miller) and the players walked off the team in an effort for more pay. Richmond manager Blair Meaney, Jr. hired a new head coach ( Bob Burdette ) and new players (to join the five who didn't strike) to finish the season. Baltimore's Ted Wright led the scoring, while the Orioles/Blue Jays also featured

3248-544: Was forced to call it quits a day after. Dixie League president Tom Hanes protested to NFL president Bert Bell , but since it didn’t involve any member team of the National Football League, he – and the Association of American Professional Football Leagues – could do nothing about it since the agreement didn't include terms of territorial rights between minor leagues and their teams. While there were discussions of

3306-536: Was named the league's most valuable player at the end of the season. The Portsmouth Cubs , winless in 1937, reached .500 in 1938 as quarterback Larry Weldon led the League in scoring. "No playoffs" : Norfolk was declared league champions After the season, Norfolk was defeated 16–14 by the Hazelton Redskins, of Pennsylvania , champions of the Eastern Pennsylvania Football League in

3364-467: Was still recovering from the effects of the player rebellion when the strikers formed a new team, the Richmond Rebels, and tried to replace the Arrows in the league. After being rebuffed, the Rebels tried to compete against the Arrows by forming the " Virginia-Carolina Football League " and then marched through the season undefeated. The 'V-CFL' lasted only the 1937 season; the Rebels folded along with

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