106-790: Dinesh Baboo (also known as Dinesh Babu ) is an Indian film director, cinematographer, actor and screenwriter who works predominantly in Kannada cinema . In a career spanning five decades he has directed more than 40 films, filmed more than 20 films and been the scriptwriter for 6 films. He is the recipient of several accolades including two Karnataka State Film Awards , two Filmfare Awards South and two Cinema Express Awards . Baboo has created many critical and commercially successful films, like Suprabhatha , Idu Saadhya , Hendthighelbedi , Amrutha Varshini , Laali , Nishyabda , Abhi , Chitra , Hollywood , Magic Ajji , Neenello Naanalle and Ballari Naga . His 1989 comedy-thriller film Inspector Vikram
212-546: A communist inclination, began to take shape through the 1940s and the 1950s. IPTA plays, such as Nabanna (1944), prepared the ground for realism in Indian cinema, exemplified by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas 's Dharti Ke Lal ( Children of the Earth , 1946). The IPTA movement continued to emphasise realism in films Mother India (1957) and Pyaasa (1957), among India's most recognisable cinematic productions. Following independence,
318-446: A brief phase of portraying antagonistic and supporting characters. After establishing himself as a lead actor portraying rebellious characters on screen in a number of commercially successful films, he earned the moniker "rebel star". He also earned the nickname Mandyada Gandu ( transl. Man of Mandya ) Rajkumar, Vishnuvardhan and Ambareesh are collectively known as Kannada cinema's triumvirate. Method actor Shankar Nag received
424-512: A director need not be necessarily familiar with. He also directed a Malayalam film named Mazhavillu starring Kunchacko Boban and Preeti Jhangiani . Although his camera skills were widely appreciated in Mollywood, his ambition took him to the world of Kannada films where he chose to direct rather than handle the camera. His directorial career in the Kannada film world took off with Suprabhatha ,
530-442: A film with Vishnuvardhan and Suhasini which became a box office hit creating many records and gave a major boost to Baboo's career. His next movie was the hugely successful thriller Idu Saadhya in 1989. The movie, featuring eight stars, was made on a shoestring budget of just 1.5 million INR and shot at a single location within 36 hours, setting a record for the fastest completion of an Indian film . He followed it up with
636-506: A landmark by being the first ever Kannada film to be screened at an international film festival. It was screened at IFFI 1992 Kannada cinema Retrospect. The 1969 movie Uyyale was screened twice at the IFFI retrospect - once in 1992 and again in 2019. The 1970 movie Samskara won the Bronze Leopard at Locarno International Film Festival The 1977 movie Ghatashraddha which had
742-426: A lead actor was solidified by crime-action films Zanjeer and Sholay (1975). The devotional classic Jai Santoshi Ma (1975) was made on a low budget and became a box office success and a cult classic. Another important film was Deewaar (1975, Yash Chopra ), a crime film with brothers on opposite sides of the law which Danny Boyle described as "absolutely key to Indian cinema". The term " Bollywood "
848-554: A mega release, amassing $ 318,000 in USA alone. It went on to become the first Kannada film to enter the New York Box office listing, the first Kannada film to complete 50 days in USA and the first Kannada movie ever to release in several countries across the world. It ran for 365 days in Bangalore. In 2018, Yash starrer K.G.F: Chapter 1 became the first Kannada film to gross ₹250 crores at
954-632: A number of years, the Indian film industry has ranked first in the world in terms of annual film output. In 2022, Indian cinema earned ₹ 15,000 crore ($ 1.9 billion) at the box-office. Ramoji Film City located in Hyderabad is certified by the Guinness World Records as the largest film studio complex in the world measuring over 1,666 acres (674 ha ). Indian cinema is composed of multilingual and multi-ethnic film art. The term ' Bollywood ', often mistakenly used to refer to Indian cinema as
1060-412: A poll conducted by CNN-IBN among those 100 films, Mayabazar was voted by the public as the "Greatest Indian film of all time". K. Viswanath , one of the prominent auteurs of Indian cinema, he received international recognition for his works, and is known for blending parallel cinema with mainstream cinema. His works such as Sankarabharanam (1980) about revitalisation of Indian classical music won
1166-600: A stage play by Mylavaram Bala Bharathi Samajam. The film received an honorary diploma at the 2nd Venice International Film Festival . Chittoor Nagayya was one of the first multilingual filmmakers in India. Jumai Shasthi was the first Bengali short film as a talkie . Jyoti Prasad Agarwala made his first film Joymoti (1935) in Assamese, and later made Indramalati . The first film studio in South India, Durga Cinetone,
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#17329344501641272-587: A total of 94 awards including multiple awards at Rajasthan Film Festival and other international film festivals like Sundance Film Festival , Barcelona, Nawada, 7 Colours International Film Festival and Golden Sparrow International Film Festival. Illiralaare Allige Hogalaare won the Director's Vision Award at the 18th Indian Film Festival of Stuggart. It was earlier screened at the Dhaka International Film Festival and had won an award at
1378-471: A truthful King and its success led many to consider him a pioneer of Indian cinema. Phalke used an all Indian crew including actors Anna Salunke and D. D. Dabke . He directed, edited, processed the film himself. Phalke saw The Life of Christ (1906) by the French director Alice Guy-Blaché , While watching Jesus on the screen, Phalke envisioned Hindu deities Rama and Krishna instead and decided to start in
1484-517: A variety of roles and excelling in portraying mythological and historical characters in films such as Bhakta Kanakadasa (1960), Ranadheera Kanteerava (1960), Satya Harishchandra (1965), Immadi Pulikeshi (1967), Sri Krishnadevaraya (1970), Bhakta Kumbara (1974), Mayura (1975), Babruvahana (1977) and Bhakta Prahlada (1983). His wife Parvathamma Rajkumar founded Film production and distribution company, Sri Vajreshwari Combines . Vishnuvardhan entered Kannada cinema with
1590-650: A whole, is only the Hindi-language segment, with Indian cinema being an umbrella term that includes various film industries, each offering films in diverse languages and styles. In 2021, Telugu cinema emerged as the largest film industry in India in terms of box office. In 2022, Hindi cinema represented 33% of box office revenue, followed by Telugu representing 20%, Tamil representing 16%, Kannada representing 8%, and Malayalam representing 6%. Other prominent film industries are Marathi , Punjabi , Bengali , Gujarati , Bhojpuri , and Odia cinema . As of 2022,
1696-535: A wrestling match at the Hanging Gardens in Bombay, was the first film to be shot by an Indian and the first Indian documentary film. From 1913 to 1931, all the movies made in India were silent films , which had no sound and had intertitles . In 1913, Dadasaheb Phalke released Raja Harishchandra (1913) in Bombay, the first film made in India. It was a silent film incorporating Hindi and English intertitles. It
1802-541: Is based in Gandhi Nagar, Bangalore . The 1934 film Sati Sulochana directed by Y. V. Rao was the first talkie film released in the Kannada language. It was also the first film starring Subbaiah Naidu and Tripuramba , and the first screened in the erstwhile Mysore Kingdom . It was produced by Chamanlal Doongaji , who in 1932 founded South India Movietone in Bangalore . Major literary works have been adapted to
1908-647: Is known for his work in South Indian cinema. He starred in movies such as Prasad ; the film was screened at the Berlin Film Festival and Arjun received the Karnataka State Award for his performance in it. Sanchari Vijay 's portrayal of a transgender won him the National Best Actor Award . With the award, Vijay became the third actor after M. V. Vasudeva Rao , and Charuhasan to win
2014-697: Is one of the most successful female leads in the history of Indian cinema, she acted in around 200 films in over seven decades. She is known by the epithets " Abinaya Saraswathi " ( Saraswati of acting) in Kannada and " Kannadathu Paingili " (Kannada's Parrot) in Tamil. M. V. Rajamma (first female producer of Indian cinema) and Pandari Bai are considered as the earliest female superstars of Kannada cinema. Other popular female actresses of 1970s through 1990s include Leelavathi , Kalpana , Aarathi , Bharathi , Jayanthi , Manjula , Malashree , Sudharani , Shruti , Tara among others. Kannada Cinema majorly contributed to
2120-425: Is particularly revered for its use of technology. The use of special effects, innovative for the 1950s, like the first illusion of moonlight, showcased technical brilliance.. Powerful performances and relatable themes ensure Mayabazar stays relevant, a classic enjoyed by new generations. On the centenary of Indian cinema in 2013, CNN-IBN included Mayabazar in its list of "100 greatest Indian films of all time". In
2226-488: Is the only Bollywood actor to have starred in a top 10 grossing film each year of her active career (1983–1997). K. V. Reddy 's Mayabazar (1957) is a landmark film in Indian cinema, a classic of Telugu cinema that inspired generations of filmmakers. It blends myth, fantasy, romance and humour in a timeless story, captivating audiences with its fantastical elements. The film excelled in various departments like cast performances, production design, music, cinematography and
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#17329344501642332-612: The Best Indian Film award. It also won the Best Kannada Movie award at Innovative International Film Festival. Namma Magu received recognition from the International Organization for Migration (IOM). Taledanda (2022) was selected for London International Film Festival . Koli Esru was selected for screening at New York Indian Film Festival (2022). Shivamma was selected for Marche du Film (2022) -
2438-723: The British Raj banned Wrath (1930) and Raithu Bidda (1938) for broaching the subject of the Indian independence movement . The Indian Masala film —a term used for mixed-genre films that combined song, dance, romance, etc.—arose following the Second World War. During the 1940s, cinema in South India accounted for nearly half of India's cinema halls, and cinema came to be viewed as an instrument of cultural revival. The Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA), an art movement with
2544-527: The Indian Cinematograph Enquiry Committee . The ICC consisted of three British and three Indians, led by T. Rangachari , a Madras lawyer. This committee failed to bolster the desired recommendations of supporting British Film, instead recommending support for the fledgling Indian film industry, and their suggestions were set aside. The first Indian sound film was Alam Ara (1931) made by Ardeshir Irani . Ayodhyecha Raja (1932)
2650-602: The Johns Hopkins University as part of the 1995 Milton S. Eisenhower Symposium "Framing Society : A Century of Cinema". The 1981 movie Simhada Mari Sainya was selected for the Paris and Moscow International Film Festivals. The 1987 film Pushpaka Vimana featured retrospectively in the Shanghai International Film Festival and Whistling Woods Film Festival . The 1999 film Upendra
2756-458: The Martin Scorsese 's World Cinema Project, George Lucas ' Hobson/Lucas Family Foundation and Shivendra Singh Dungarpur's Film Heritage Foundation (FHF) have partnered to restore the film in time for its 50th anniversary from the original camera negative preserved at India's National Film Development Corporation of India -National Film Archive of India. The restored version was showcased in
2862-595: The NETPAC Award at the Asiatica Film Mediale (Italy) (2010). The 2011 film Koormavatara was screened in 17 film festivals and won acclaims at the film festivals of Bangkok , New York and Vancouver . The 2012 movie Edegarike was selected for Mumbai Women's International Film Festival (2013). The 2013 movie Lucia premiered at the London Indian Film Festival on 20 July 2013. It won
2968-980: The New Currents Section at the 26th edition of the Busan International Film Festival . and was shortlisted for the Directors Fortnight Cannes 2020. It went on to win the Best Director Award in the Crouching Tigers competition section at the Pingyao International Film Festival in Shanxi , China. It was also the joint winner of the Montgolfiere D'Argent Award at the Festival Des 3 Continents , France. It
3074-499: The Palme d'Or at Cannes and Indian films competed for the award most years in the 1950s and early 1960s. Ray is regarded as one of the greatest auteurs of 20th century cinema , along with his contemporaries Dutt and Ghatak. In 1992, the Sight & Sound Critics' Poll ranked Ray at No. 7 in its list of Top 10 Directors of all time. Multiple films from this era are included among
3180-851: The Rome Film Festival . It also won award at the Spain International Film Festival in Madrid. Baraguru Ramachandrappa 's Mooka Nayaka won the Best Picture of the Decade Award by competing with movies from different languages around the globe. Jeevnane Nataka Samy (2021) was screened at Miami International Film Festival . Avalakki Pavalakki won five awards in various categories at Uravatti International Film Festival, Indo Global International Film Festival, American Golden Pictures International Film Festival, Oniros Film Festival and
3286-476: The greatest films of all time in various critics' and directors' polls, including The Apu Trilogy , Jalsaghar , Charulata Aranyer Din Ratri , Pyaasa , Kaagaz Ke Phool , Meghe Dhaka Tara , Komal Gandhar , Awaara , Baiju Bawra , Mother India , Mughal-e-Azam and Subarnarekha (also tied at No. 11). Sivaji Ganesan became India's first actor to receive an international award when he won
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3392-460: The highest-grossing Kannada film , and Rishab Shetty 's Kantara (2022). Kannada cinema is reported to have 8% market share in the gross domestic box office collections for the period January to August 2022, making it the fourth-biggest Indian film industry. The share rose to 9% by October 2022. The total gross collections of the top five Kannada movies of 2022 in first ten months was reported to be ₹1800 crores. The year 2022 began new era for
3498-614: The parallel cinema movement of India. Directors like Girish Kasaravalli , Girish Karnad , G. V. Iyer were the early names to join the movement. T. S. Nagabharana and B. V. Karanth were also popular names in the movement. Puttanna Kanagal 's films were however considered a bridge between Mainstream and Parallel Cinema. Prakash Raj began his acting career with Doordarshan serials such as Bisilu Kudure (Kannada) and Guddada Bhootha ( Tulu and Kannada). He later took up supporting roles in Kannada films such as Ramachari , Ranadheera , Nishkarsha and Lockup Death . He
3604-520: The "Prize of the Public" at the Besançon Film Festival of France in the year 1981. Forbes included J. V. Somayajulu 's performance in the film on its list of "25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema". Swathi Muthyam (1986) was India's official entry to the 59th Academy Awards . Swarna Kamalam (1988) the dance film choreographed by Kelucharan Mohapatra , and Sharon Lowen
3710-442: The 1947 partition of India divided the nation's assets and a number of studios moved to Pakistan. Partition became an enduring film subject thereafter. The Indian government had established a Films Division by 1948, which eventually became one of the world's largest documentary film producers with an annual production of over 200 short documentaries, each released in 18 languages with 9,000 prints for permanent film theatres across
3816-503: The 1960s, Indira Gandhi supported the production of off-beat cinema through the FFC. Baburao Patel of Filmindia called B. N. Reddy 's Malliswari (1951) an "inspiring motion picture" which would "save us the blush when compared with the best of motion pictures of the world". Film historian Randor Guy called Malliswari scripted by Devulapalli Krishnasastri a "poem in celluloid, told with rare artistic finesse, which lingers long in
3922-674: The 1970s. Madhumati (1958, Bimal Roy ) popularised the theme of reincarnation in Western popular culture . Actor Dilip Kumar rose to fame in the 1950s, and was the biggest Indian movie star of the time. He was a pioneer of method acting , predating Hollywood method actors such as Marlon Brando . Much like Brando's influence on New Hollywood actors, Kumar inspired Hindi actors, including Amitabh Bachchan , Naseeruddin Shah , Shah Rukh Khan and Nawazuddin Siddiqui . Neecha Nagar (1946) won
4028-520: The 1994 blockbuster Commissioner which was instrumental in raising Suresh Gopi , to stardom. His most successful film as a cinematographer was the Shaji Kailas ' 1995 blockbuster The King , which was the highest grossing Malayalam film at the time. Great talent in cinematography was the springboard that launched him to great success in the world of cinema . This also helped him to have first hand knowledge of every technical aspect of cinema, which
4134-585: The 21st New York Indian Film Festival . It was then screened at various film festivals including the 18th Indian Film Festival of Stuttgart and the 12th Indian Film Festival of Melbourne . Neeli Hakki was selected for multiple international Film festivals including the New York Indian Film Festival . Pinni (2020) was selected in the competition category at the New York Indian Film Festival. Daari Yaavudayya Vaikunthakke won
4240-789: The Best Actor Award at the Shanghai International Film Festival (2024). Kenda premiered at the New York University Tisch School of the Arts and Switzerland . Sindhu Sreenivasa Murthy was selected for the BAFTA Breakthrough Talent Award 2024-25 for her debut directorial Aachar & Co . The first government institute in India to start technical courses related to films was established in 1941 named as occupational institute then called
4346-666: The Best Actor award at the Afro-Asian film festival in 1960 and was awarded the title of Chevalier in the Legion of Honour by the French Government in 1995. Tamil cinema is influenced by Dravidian politics , with prominent film personalities C N Annadurai , M G Ramachandran , M Karunanidhi and Jayalalithaa becoming Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu . By 1986, India's annual film output had increased to 833 films annually, making India
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4452-788: The Best Film Audience Choice award at the festival. It was also screened at the Zurich Film Festival . The 2015 movie Thithi won accolades at multiple international film festivals including the 68th Locarno International Film Festival and the 19th Shanghai International Film Festival . The 2016 movie Railway Children won the Ecumenical Jury Award (special mention) at Zlín Film Festival . The 2016 film Bombeyaata won three awards at seven International Film Festivals. Hombanna (2017) won four awards at Five Continents International Film Festival, Venezuela and
4558-662: The Bollywood directors and producers held the rights to their films in Northern India, Salim–Javed retained the rights in South India, where they sold remake rights for films such as Zanjeer , Yaadon Ki Baarat and Don . Several of these remakes became breakthroughs for actor Rajinikanth . Sridevi is widely regarded as the first female superstar of Indian cinema due to her pan-Indian appeal with equally successful careers in Hindi , Tamil , Malayalam , Kannada and Telugu cinema . She
4664-833: The Grand Prix Award at the 17th Andrei Tarkovsky Zerkalo International Film Festival, Ivanovo (2023). Hadinelentu and Koli Esru won awards at the Ottawa Indian Film Festival Awards 2023. Koli Esru also premiered at the Indo-German Film Week. Naanu Kusuma won award at the Gange Sur Garonne International Film Festival (2023) in France . Chinnara Chandra was selected for Ahmedabad International Children Film Festival and Melbourne International Film Festival. Kantara won
4770-506: The Indian film industry , has had a large effect on world cinema since the second half of the 20th century. Indian cinema is made up of various film industries , each producing films in different languages, including Hindi , Telugu , Tamil , Kannada , Malayalam , Marathi , Bengali , Punjabi , Bhojpuri and others. Major centres of film production across the country include Mumbai , Hyderabad , Chennai , Kolkata , Kochi , Bangalore , Bhubaneswar - Cuttack , and Guwahati . For
4876-664: The Indian box office since the 1990s. Shah Rukh Khan was the most successful for most of the 1990s and 2000s, while Aamir Khan has been the most successful since the late 2000s; according to Forbes , Shah Rukh Khan is "arguably the world's biggest movie star" as of 2017, due to his immense popularity in India and China. Other notable Hindi film stars of recent decades include Arjun Rampal , Sunny Deol , Akshay Kumar , Ajay Devgn , Hrithik Roshan , Anil Kapoor , Sanjay Dutt , Sridevi , Madhuri Dixit , Juhi Chawla , Karisma Kapoor , Kajol , Tabu , Aishwarya Rai , Rani Mukerji and Preity Zinta . Haider (2014, Vishal Bhardwaj ),
4982-436: The Kannada cinema. Mano Murthy scored the blockbuster film Mungaru Male starring Ganesh and Pooja Gandhi . Upon the album's release, it topped the charts with the song " Anisuthide " receiving significant radio and TV air time. The album emerged as a massive success topping every Kannada music chart. It was reported that by mid-May 2007, over 200,000 copies were sold in compact discs . The 1964 movie Naandi set
5088-427: The Kannada screen, such as B. V. Karanth 's Chomana Dudi (1975), (based on Chomana Dudi by Shivaram Karanth ), Girish Karnad 's Kaadu (1973), (based on Kaadu by Srikrishna Alanahalli ), Pattabhirama Reddy 's Samskara (1970) (based on Samskara by U. R. Ananthamurthy ), which won the Bronze Leopard at Locarno International Film Festival , and T. S. Nagabharana 's Mysuru Mallige (1992), based on
5194-828: The National Award for Best Actor for a performance in a Kannada film . Shiva Rajkumar is known for his work in Janumada Jodi , Anand , Ratha Sapthami , Nammoora Mandara Hoove , Om , Simhada Mari and Chigurida Kanasu . He acted in Sugreeva , which was shot in 18 hours. His Om , directed by Upendra , set a trend of gangster movies in Kannada and other film industries in India. It continues to be shown even to this day. Rockline Venkatesh founded Rockline Entertainments which has produced over twenty five films as of 2012. New age actors - Yash , Darshan , Puneeth Rajkumar , Rakshit Shetty and Sudeepa are some of
5300-754: The National Award-winning movie Vamsha Vriksha (1972) directed by Girish Karnad based on the novel written by S. L. Bhyrappa . His first lead role was in Naagarahaavu , directed by Puttanna Kanagal and based on a novel by T. R. Subba Rao . It was the first in Kannada film history to complete 100 days in three main theatres of Bangalore. In his 37-year career, he has played a variety of roles in more than 200 films. With his debut in Puttanna Kanagal 's National Award-winning Kannada film Naagarahaavu (1972), Ambareesh 's acting career commenced with
5406-866: The North American Premiere at the Vancouver International South Asian Film Festival . The 2019 movie Manaroopa won 10 awards at various international film festivals including the Best Thriller Film at Out of the Can International Film Festival at England, Best Experimental Film at the Cafe Irani Chaii International Film Festival and was officially selected for the Miami Independent Film Festival in
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#17329344501645512-461: The Special Jury Award, also known as the Silver Peacock Award - at the 54th International Film Festival of India (2023) - making it the first Kannada movie to win that award. Mrityorma won four awards at the 6th Moonwhite Films International Film Festival. Timmana Mottegalu was screened at the 29th Kolkata International Film Festival . Tharini was selected for screening at the Rajasthan International Film Festival. Mikka Bannada Hakki won
5618-408: The Sri Jayachamarajendra (S J) Polytechnic in Bangalore . In September 1996, two specialised courses, Cinematography and Sound & Television were separated and the Government Film and Television Institute was started at Hesaraghatta , under the World Bank Assisted Project for Technician Development in India. Cinema of India The Cinema of India , consisting of motion pictures made by
5724-405: The Sweden Film Festival. Rudri won multiple awards at Oniros Film Festival, Tagore International Film Festival and the Vindhya International Film Festival. Naanu Ladies had its world premier at the 16th Tasveer South Asian Film Festival in Seattle. It went on to win the Best Narrative Feature Award at the Kashish Mumbai International Queer Film Festival. Pedro had its world premiere in
5830-404: The United States and the Istanbul Film Awards in Turkey. In the post - pandemic era, Kannada cinema started making waves across the world in several international film festivals. Pinki Elli? was screened at around 50 International Film Festivals including the Prague International Film Festival and the Hainan International Film Festival . It opened the Busan International Film Festival and
5936-489: The Venice Classics section of the 81st Venice International Film Festival . The 1978 movie Ondanondu Kaladalli was released at The Guild Theatre, 50 Rockefeller Plaza on 17 May 1982. Vincent Canby , the chief film critic of The New York Times , called the movie "that is both exotic as well as surprising in view of all the bodies on the ground at the end, sweet natured!". The film was subtitled into English for its American premiere on 18 October 1995 in Shriver Hall at
6042-402: The biggest Bollywood movie star of the period. Another landmark was Amar Akbar Anthony (1977, Manmohan Desai ). Desai further expanded the genre in the 1970s and 1980s. Commercial Hindi cinema grew in the 1980s, with films such as Ek Duuje Ke Liye (1981), Disco Dancer (1982), Himmatwala (1983), Tohfa (1984), Naam (1986), Mr India (1987), and Tezaab (1988). In
6148-439: The box office. Its sequel, K.G.F: Chapter 2 (2022) made ₹ 1000 crores at the box office. Its teaser gained more than 250 million views on YouTube as of April 2022. In 2022, Yash starrer K.G.F: Chapter 2 became the highest-grossing Kannada film of all time with a record collection of over ₹1000 crores within India itself. Kananda cinema is reported to have 8% market share in the gross domestic box office collections for
6254-468: The business counterpart of the Cannes Film Festival . It was also screened at the 27th Busan International Film Festival where it won the New Currents Award given to first or second feature film of a new Asian director. It also won the Young Jury Award at the 44th edition of the Three Continents Festival . It was also selected for screening at the US and Australian film festivals in 2023. Man Of The Match (2022), produced by Puneeth Rajkumar ,
6360-576: The business of "moving pictures". In South India , film pioneer Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu , credited as the father of Telugu cinema , built the first cinemas in Madras (now Chennai ), and a film studio was established in the city by Nataraja Mudaliar. In 1921, Naidu produced the silent film, Bhishma Pratigna , generally considered to be the first Telugu feature film . The first Tamil and Malayalam films , also silent films, were Keechaka Vadham (1917–1918, R. Nataraja Mudaliar ) and Vigathakumaran (1928, J. C. Daniel Nadar ). The latter
6466-663: The combined revenue of South Indian film industries has surpassed that of the Mumbai-based Hindi-language film industry (Bollywood). As of 2022, Telugu cinema leads Indian cinema with 23.3 crore (233 million) tickets sold, followed by Tamil cinema with 20.5 crore (205 million) and Hindi cinema with 18.9 crore (189 million). Indian cinema is a global enterprise, and its films have attracted international attention and acclaim throughout South Asia . Since talkies began in 1931, Hindi cinema has led in terms of box office performance, but in recent years it has faced stiff competition from Telugu cinema. Overseas Indians account for 12% of
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#17329344501646572-425: The comedy and thriller genre. He appeared in front of the camera for the first time as a police officer in the film Accident , directed by Ramesh Aravind . Kannada cinema Kannada cinema , also known as Sandalwood , or Chandanavana , is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Kannada language widely spoken in the state of Karnataka . Kannada cinema
6678-416: The comedy cop thriller - Inspector Vikram - which was a first of its kind in Kannada cinema at that time. Though an average success at the time of its release, the movie has gained cult following among the viewers over the years. As a director , his craftsmanship has been lauded by columnists and reviewers - especially for his screenplay which revolves around very few locations and for successfully blending
6784-461: The country. The period from the late 1940s to the early 1960s is regarded by film historians as the Golden Age of Indian cinema. This period saw the emergence of the parallel cinema movement, which emphasised social realism . Mainly led by Bengalis, early examples include Dharti Ke Lal (1946, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas ), Neecha Nagar (1946, Chetan Anand ), Nagarik (1952, Ritwik Ghatak ) and Do Bigha Zamin (1953, Bimal Roy), laying
6890-497: The distinction of being shown at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, became the only Indian film to be chosen by the National Archive of Paris among 100 others, during the centenary celebrations of cinema. It also won the Ducats Award at the Manneham Film Festival Germany. At the 2009 International Film Festival of India , it was announced one of the 20 best films in Indian cinema , having received 1.6 million votes. During February 2024, US film publication Variety announced that
6996-460: The early 1970s, Hindi cinema was experiencing thematic stagnation, dominated by musical romance films . Screenwriter duo Salim–Javed ( Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar ) revitalised the industry. They established the genre of gritty, violent, Bombay underworld crime films with Zanjeer (1973) and Deewaar (1975). They reinterpreted the rural themes of Mother India and Gunga Jumna in an urban context reflecting 1970s India, channelling
7102-436: The foundations for Indian neorealism The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959, Satyajit Ray ) won prizes at several major international film festivals and firmly established the parallel cinema movement. It was influential on world cinema and led to a rush of coming-of-age films in art house theatres. Cinematographer Subrata Mitra developed the technique of bounce lighting , to recreate the effect of daylight on sets, during
7208-607: The globe, compared to Hollywood 's 2.6 billion tickets sold. Realistic parallel cinema continued throughout the 1970s, practised in many Indian film cultures. The FFC's art film orientation came under criticism during a Committee on Public Undertakings investigation in 1976, which accused the body of not doing enough to encourage commercial cinema. Hindi commercial cinema continued with films such as Aradhana (1969), Sachaa Jhutha (1970), Haathi Mere Saathi (1971), Anand (1971), Kati Patang (1971) Amar Prem (1972), Dushman (1972) and Daag (1973). By
7314-408: The growing discontent and disillusionment among the masses, unprecedented growth of slums and urban poverty, corruption and crime, as well as anti-establishment themes. This resulted in their creation of the "angry young man", personified by Amitabh Bachchan , who reinterpreted Kumar's performance in Gunga Jumna and gave a voice to the urban poor. By the mid-1970s, Bachchan's position as
7420-843: The highest number of mainstream Indian hit movies that decade. At the end of the decade, Yash Chopra 's Chandni (1989) created a new formula for Bollywood musical romance films, reviving the genre and defining Hindi cinema in the years that followed. Commercial Hindi cinema grew in the late 1980s and 1990s, with the release of Mr. India (1987), Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), Chaalbaaz (1989), Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), Lamhe (1991), Saajan (1991), Khuda Gawah (1992), Khalnayak (1993), Darr (1993), Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994), Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995), Dil To Pagal Hai (1997), Pyar Kiya Toh Darna Kya (1998) and Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998). Cult classic Bandit Queen (1994) directed by Shekhar Kapur received international recognition and controversy. In
7526-417: The highest paid actors in Sandalwood. The Rakshit Shetty starrer Kirik Party went on to become one of the highest-grossing Kannada films by collecting ₹ 50 crores against a production budget ₹ 4 crores and completed 150 days in the main cities of Karnataka . The 2015 release RangiTaranga starring Nirup Bhandari and directed by Anup Bhandari , created overseas market for Kannada cinema with
7632-494: The inaugural IFFI Best Actor Award (Male) : Silver Peacock Award" at the 7th International Film Festival of India for his work in the film Ondanondu Kaladalli . He is the younger brother of actor Anant Nag . M. V. Vasudeva Rao , the first Kannada actor to win National Film Award for Best Actor , was starred in over 200 films in his career; however, post Chomana Dudi , he only played minor roles. B. Saroja Devi
7738-440: The industry in terms of popularity, quality content and collections. However, the market share of Kannada movies in the gross domestic box office collections declined to 2% in 2023 with the footfalls dropping from 8.1 to 3.2 crores in 2022. In 1934, the first Kannada talkie , Sati Sulochana , appeared in theatres, followed by Bhakta Dhruva (aka Dhruva Kumar ). Sati Sulochana , starring Subbaiah Naidu and Tripuramba ,
7844-737: The industry's revenue. The history of cinema in India extends to the beginning of the film era. Following the screening of the Lumière and Robert Paul moving pictures in London in 1896, commercial cinematography became a worldwide sensation and these films were shown in Bombay (now Mumbai ) that same year. In 1897, a film presentation by filmmaker Professor Stevenson featured a stage show at Calcutta's Star Theatre. With Stevenson's camera and encouragement, Indian photographer Hiralal Sen filmed scenes from that show, exhibited as The Flower of Persia (1898). The Wrestlers (1899), by H. S. Bhatavdekar , showing
7950-455: The late 1980s, Hindi cinema experienced another period of stagnation, with a decline in box office turnout, due to increasing violence, decline in musical melodic quality, and rise in video piracy, leading to middle-class family audiences abandoning theatres. The turning point came with Indian blockbuster Disco Dancer (1982) which began the era of disco music in Indian cinema. Lead actor Mithun Chakraborty and music director Bappi Lahiri had
8056-547: The late 1990s, there was a resurgence of parallel cinema in Bollywood, largely due to the critical and commercial success of crime films such as Satya (1998) and Vaastav (1999). These films launched a genre known as "Mumbai noir", reflecting social problems in the city. Ram Gopal Varma directed the Indian Political Trilogy , and the Indian Gangster Trilogy ; film critic Rajeev Masand had labelled
8162-480: The latter series as one of the "most influential movies of Bollywood. The first instalment of the trilogy, Satya , was also listed in CNN-IBN 's 100 greatest Indian films of all time. Since the 1990s, the three biggest Bollywood movie stars have been the " Three Khans ": Aamir Khan , Shah Rukh Khan , and Salman Khan . Combined, they starred in the top ten highest-grossing Bollywood films , and have dominated
8268-506: The masses (admission as low as an anna [one-sixteenth of a rupee] in Bombay). Young producers began to incorporate elements of Indian social life and culture into cinema, others brought new ideas from across the world. Global audiences and markets soon became aware of India's film industry. In 1927, the British government, to promote the market in India for British films over American ones, formed
8374-461: The memory". Commercial Hindi cinema began thriving, including acclaimed films Pyaasa (1957) and Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959, Guru Dutt ) Awaara (1951) and Shree 420 (1955, Raj Kapoor ). These films expressed social themes mainly dealing with working-class urban life in India; Awaara presented Bombay as both a nightmare and a dream, while Pyaasa critiqued the unreality of city life. Epic film Mother India (1957, Mehboob Khan )
8480-417: The period January to July 2022 making it the fourth biggest Indian film industry. Composer Hamsalekha is usually referred to by the title Naadha Brahma ( transl. The Brahma of Music) who is considered to be the major cause for the change in the music composing and lyric writing style which would appeal much to the younger generation. He integrated folk and introduced western musical sensibilities into
8586-603: The second film of the trilogy and later pioneered other effects such as the photo-negative flashbacks and X-ray digressions. During the 1950s, Indian cinema reportedly became the world's second largest film industry, earning a gross annual income of ₹ 250 million (equivalent to ₹ 26 billion or US$ 320 million in 2023) in 1953. The government created the Film Finance Corporation (FFC) in 1960 to provide financial support to filmmakers. While serving as Information and Broadcasting Minister of India in
8692-1505: The third instalment of the Indian Shakespearean Trilogy after Maqbool (2003) and Omkara (2006), won the People's Choice Award at the 9th Rome Film Festival in the Mondo Genere making it the first Indian film to achieve this honour. The 2000s and 2010s also saw the rise of a new generation of popular actors like Shahid Kapoor , Ranbir Kapoor , Ranveer Singh , Ayushmann Khurrana , Varun Dhawan , Sidharth Malhotra , Sushant Singh Rajput , Kartik Aaryan , Arjun Kapoor , Aditya Roy Kapur and Tiger Shroff , as well as actresses like Vidya Balan , Priyanka Chopra , Kareena Kapoor , Katrina Kaif , Kangana Ranaut , Deepika Padukone , Sonam Kapoor , Anushka Sharma , Shraddha Kapoor , Alia Bhatt , Parineeti Chopra and Kriti Sanon with Balan, Ranaut and Bhatt gaining wide recognition for successful female-centric films such as The Dirty Picture (2011), Kahaani (2012), Queen (2014), Highway (2014), Tanu Weds Manu Returns (2015), Raazi (2018) and Gangubai Kathiawadi (2022). Salim–Javed were highly influential in South Indian cinema . In addition to writing two Kannada films , many of their Bollywood films had remakes produced in other regions, including Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam cinema. While
8798-630: The works of poet K. S. Narasimhaswamy . Kannada cinema is known for producing experimental works such as Girish Kasaravalli 's Ghatashraddha (1977), which won the Ducats Award at the Manneham Film Festival Germany, Dweepa (2002), which won Best Film at Moscow International Film Festival , Singeetam Srinivasa Rao 's silent film Pushpaka Vimana (1987), Ram Gopal Varma 's docudrama Killing Veerappan (2016), Prashanth Neel 's action franchise K. G. F. film series being
8904-526: The world's largest film producer. Hindi film production of Bombay, the largest segment of the industry, became known as "Bollywood". Summary of the 2022 box office revenues. By 1996, the Indian film industry had an estimated domestic cinema viewership of 600 million people, establishing India as one of the largest film markets, with the largest regional industries being Hindi, Telugu, and Tamil films. In 2001, in terms of ticket sales, Indian cinema sold an estimated 3.6 billion tickets annually across
9010-510: Was Kisan Kanya (1937, Moti B). Viswa Mohini (1940) was the first Indian film to depict the Indian movie-making world. Swamikannu Vincent , who had built the first cinema of South India in Coimbatore , introduced the concept of "tent cinema" in which a tent was erected on a stretch of open land to screen films. The first of its kind was in Madras and called Edison's Grand Cinema Megaphone. This
9116-659: Was also screened at the Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles(IFFLA) and at the Indian Film Festival of Melbourne . Dollu was screened at the Dhaka International Film Festival . It was shortlisted for screening at 72nd Berlinale's European Film Market and the Dallas ft worth South Asian Film Festival (virtual). It was also screened at the Caleidoscope Indian Film Festival Boston where it won
9222-725: Was also selected for screening at the 2017 Miami Independent Film Festival. The 2018 movie Nathicharami and Balekempa were screened at the MAMI Mumbai Film Festival . Balekempa also won the FIPRESCI Award at the 47th International Film Festival Rotterdam . The 2019 movie Arishadvarga also premiered at the London Indian Film Festival followed by the Asian Premiere at the Singapore South Asian International Film Festival and
9328-400: Was an Indian photographer, actor, writer, producer and director made many landmark movies in Kannada , under Vikram Studios. Matinee idol , Rajkumar entered Kannada cinema after his long stint as a dramatist with Gubbi Veeranna 's Gubbi Drama Company , which he joined at the age of eight, before he got his first break as a lead in the 1954 film Bedara Kannappa . He went on to essay
9434-482: Was an average grosser at the time of release but as over the years attained a " cult " status. He has also been the cinematographer for many commercially successful films, like Paadu Nilave , Ninaive Oru Sangeetham , Dhruvam , Ammayane Sathyam , Commissioner , Pidakkozhi Koovunna Noottandu and The King . His career in cinema started as a cinematographer. He stood behind the camera for noted Malayalam film blockbusters like Dhruvam , Ullasa Poonkattu and
9540-492: Was built in 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya in Rajahmundry , Andhra Pradesh. The advent of sound to Indian cinema launched musicals such as Indra Sabha and Devi Devyani , marking the beginning of song-and-dance in Indian films. By 1935, studios emerged in major cities such as Madras, Calcutta and Bombay as filmmaking became an established industry, exemplified by the success of Devdas (1935). The first colour film made in India
9646-451: Was coined in the 1970s, when the conventions of commercial Bombay-produced Hindi films were established. Key to this was Nasir Hussain and Salim–Javed's creation of the masala film genre, which combines elements of action , comedy , romance , drama , melodrama and musical . Their film Yaadon Ki Baarat (1973) has been identified as the first masala film and the first quintessentially Bollywood film. Masala films made Bachchan
9752-572: Was due to the fact that electric carbons were used for motion picture projectors. Bombay Talkies opened in 1934 and Prabhat Studios in Pune began production of Marathi films. Sant Tukaram (1936) was the first Indian film to be screened at an international film festival, at the 1937 edition of the Venice Film Festival. The film was judged one of the three best films of the year. However, while Indian filmmakers sought to tell important stories,
9858-605: Was featured at the Ann Arbor Film Festival , fetching three Indian Express Awards . B. Narsing Rao , K. N. T. Sastry , and A. Kutumba Rao garnered international recognition for their works in new-wave cinema. Narsing Rao's Maa Ooru (1992) won the " Media Wave Award " of Hungary; Daasi (1988) and Matti Manushulu (1990) won the Diploma of Merit awards at the 16th and 17th MIFF respectively. Sastry's Thilaadanam (2000) received "New Currents Award" at
9964-475: Was known for his dialogue delivery and histrionics. His breakthrough role came in Harakeya Kuri , directed by K. S. L. Swamy starring Vishnuvardhan, with whom he had acted in other films such as Mithileya Seetheyaru , Muthina Haara and Nishkarsha . Prakash re-entered Kannada films through Nagamandala in 1997, directed by T. S. Nagabharana . Veteran Kannada actor Shakti Prasad 's son Arjun Sarja
10070-548: Was premiered in Coronation cinema in Girgaon . Although some claim Shree Pundalik (1912) of Dadasaheb Torne is the first ever film made in India, some film scholars have argued that Pundalik was not a true Indian film because it was simply a recording of a stage play, filmed by a British cameraman and it was processed in London. Raja Harishchandra of Phalke had a story based on Hindu Sanskrit legend of Harishchandra ,
10176-535: Was screened at Hong Kong International Film Festival . It won three awards at the New York Indian Film Festival . It also won the Best Film award at the Asian Film Festival Barcelona 2021. Amruthamathi was screened at ten international film festivals including Boston Film Festival , Atlanta Film Festival , Austria Film Festival and won multiple awards. Abhilash Shetty's Koli Taal premiered at
10282-795: Was screened at around 30 film festivals, including an entry to participate in the panel screening and final selection of the Cannes Film Festival. Brahma Kamala won several awards and accolades at various film festivals including the Eediplay International Film Festival in France, Wonderland International Film Festival in Sydney, Old Monk International Film Festival in Nepal and the Indo-Singapore Film Festival. Shivamma won
10388-656: Was screened at six international film festivals including International Film Festival Rotterdam , Bangkok International Film Festival , Palm Springs International Film Festival , Osian's Film Festival and the Karachi International Film Festival. The 2006 movie Care of Footpath was selected for the Kids for Kids Film Festival at Cyprus and the 2006 film Cyanide was selected for the London Film Festival. The 2010 movie Kanasemba Kudureyaneri won
10494-731: Was screened at the Moscow International Film Festival . The 2004 movie Hasina was screened at Berlin's Asia Pacific Film Festival. The 2004 movie Bimba was selected for the Bangkok International Film Festival . The 2006 movie Thutturi won the Best Audience Award at the 9th Dhaka International Film Festival . and won the Earth Vision Award of 2005-06 at the 15th Tokyo Global Environmental Film Festival. The 2006 movie Naayi Neralu
10600-674: Was screened at the Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival in Japan in 2001. The 1999 movie Deveeri was selected for 18 international film festivals including the 44th London International Film Festival and the Cairo International Film Festival . The 2000 movie Munnudi was screened at Palm Springs International Film Festival (2002). The 2002 movie Atithi was screened at Cairo International Film Festival . The 2002 movie Dweepa
10706-638: Was screened at the Jiseok section of the Busan International Film Festival (2022). 1888 was screened at several International film festivals across the world. The 2012 movie Edegarike was screened at the Indo-French International Film Festival in 2023. Kantara , Koli Esru and Hadinelentu were nominated in various categories at the 14th edition of Indian Film Festival of Melbourne(IFFM) - 2023. Devara Kanasu
10812-736: Was selected for screening at the 14th New York City Independent Film Festival in the foreign film category. In 2022, Shuddhi (2017) and Bell Bottom (2019) premiered at the Indian Film Week in Japan . Vagachi Pani was selected for the co-production market at the film festival in Busan. Thayi Kastur Gandhi was screened at LA Film Festival and it won the Best Editor award at the Dallas International Film Festival . Hadinelentu
10918-638: Was shot in Kolhapur at the Chatrapathi studio; most filming, sound recording, and post-production was done in Chennai . In 1949, Honnappa Bhagavathar , who had earlier acted in Gubbi Veeranna's films, produced Bhakta Kumbara and starred in the lead role along with Pandaribai . In 1955, Bhagavathar again produced a Kannada film, Mahakavi Kalidasa , in which he introduced actress B. Saroja Devi . B. S. Ranga
11024-473: Was the first Indian film to be nominated for the US-based Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and defined the conventions of Hindi cinema for decades. It spawned a new genre of dacoit films . Gunga Jumna (1961, Dilip Kumar ) was a dacoit crime drama about two brothers on opposite sides of the law, a theme that became common in Indian films in
11130-503: Was the first Indian social drama film and featured the first Dalit -caste film actress. The first chain of Indian cinemas, Madan Theatre , was owned by Parsi entrepreneur Jamshedji Framji Madan , who oversaw the production and distribution of films for the chain. These included film adaptations from Bengal's popular literature and Satyawadi Raja Harishchandra (1917), a remake of Phalke's influential film. Films steadily gained popularity across India as affordable entertainment for
11236-529: Was the first sound film of Marathi cinema . Irani also produced South India's first sound film, the Tamil–Telugu bilingual talking picture Kalidas (1931, H. M. Reddy ). The first Telugu film with audible dialogue, Bhakta Prahlada (1932), was directed by H. M. Reddy , who directed the first bilingual (Telugu and Tamil) talkie Kalidas (1931). East India Film Company produced its first Telugu film, Savitri (1933, C. Pullayya ), adapted from
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