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58-679: Sprang was also a notable explorer in Arizona , Utah , and Colorado , whose discoveries included "Defiance House", a previously unrecorded ancestral Puebloan structure. Sprang's voluminous correspondence, journals, and thousands of photographs are archived at Northern Arizona Universities Cline Library Special Collections in Flagstaff, Arizona . A small amount of material is at the Utah Historical Society in Salt Lake City, Utah . Dick Sprang

116-694: A Batman story in 1941. Anticipating that Batman creator Bob Kane would be drafted to serve in World War II , DC inventoried Sprang's work to safeguard against delays. Sprang's first published Batman work was the Batman and Robin figures on the cover of Batman #18 (Aug.–Sept. 1943), reproduced from the art for page 13 of the later-published Detective Comics #84 (Feb. 1944). Sprang's first original published Batman work, and first interior-story work, appeared in Batman #19 (Oct.–Nov. 1943), for which he penciled and inked

174-525: A syndicated newspaper comic strip character with which Kane was familiar as well. Finger, who said he also devised the character's civilian name, Bruce Wayne , wrote the first Batman story, while Kane provided art. Kane, who had already submitted the proposal for Batman at DC and held a contract, is the only person given an official company credit for Batman's creation. Comics historian Ron Goulart , in Comic Book Encyclopedia , refers to Batman as

232-655: A breakout hit. Within a year, Kane hired art assistants Jerry Robinson (initially as an inker ) and George Roussos (backgrounds artist and letterer ). Though Robinson and Roussos worked out of Kane's art studio in The New York Times building , Kane himself did all his drawing at home. Shortly afterward, when DC wanted more Batman stories than Kane's studio could deliver, the company assigned Dick Sprang and other in-house pencilers as " ghost artists ", drawing uncredited under Kane's supervision. Future Justice League writer Gardner Fox wrote some early scripts, including

290-744: A daughter, Deborah. Kane married his second wife, actress Elizabeth Sanders Kane, in 1987. Kane died November 3, 1998, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, at age 83. He is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles, California. Kane was a recipient of the Inkpot Award in 1977, was inducted into the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1994 and the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1996. He

348-570: A decade before Alfred Hitchcock filmed a similar scene in North by Northwest . One story drawn by Sprang, " Joker's Millions ", was adapted into an episode of Batman: The Animated Series . During the time that Dick Sprang began illustrating Batman, he taught his wife, Lora A. Sprang, to letter , and she subsequently lettered most (and colored some) of his subsequent work under the pen name "Pat Gordon". In addition to lettering (and coloring) her husband's artwork, Lora Sprang also worked freelance as

406-421: A high probability, making it efficient to concentrate on the areas of high probability when they are found, and for the skipping areas of very low probability. Once an anomaly has been identified and interpreted to be a prospect, more detailed exploration of the potential reserve can be done by soil sampling, drilling, seismic surveys, and similar methods to assess the most appropriate method and type of mining and

464-418: A little tiresome always having him thinking. I found that as I went along Batman needed a Watson to talk to. That's how Robin came to be. Bob called me over and said he was going to put a boy in the strip to identify with Batman. I thought it was a great idea. Kane, who had previously created a sidekick for Peter Pupp, proposed adding a boy named Mercury who would have worn a "super-costume". Robinson suggested

522-537: A normal human, along with the name " Robin ", after Robin Hood books he had read during boyhood, and noting in a 2005 interview he had been inspired by one book's N. C. Wyeth illustrations. The impetus came from Bill's wanting to extend the parameters of the story potential and of the drama. He saw that adding a sidekick would enhance the drama. Also, it enlarged the readership identification. The younger kids could then identify with Robin, which they couldn't with Batman, and

580-421: A party, and Kane later offered him a job ghost writing the strips Rusty and Clip Carson . He recalled that Kane ...had an idea for a character called 'Batman', and he'd like me to see the drawings. I went over to Kane's, and he had drawn a character who looked very much like Superman with kind of ... reddish tights, I believe, with boots ... no gloves, no gauntlets ... with a small domino mask , swinging on

638-538: A photographer for Film Fun magazine, "hand-lettered titles for industrial films," worked on the titles of Navy training films during World War II , and produced theatrical posters for 20th Century Fox . During the 1950s, "Gordon" continued to letter for DC on stories featuring Superman , Batman , Superboy and others, before leaving the company circa 1961. The Sprangs moved to Sedona, Arizona in 1946, where he became interested in western pioneer trails. He spent much of his spare time between 1946 and 1963 surveying

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696-500: A rope. He had two stiff wings that were sticking out, looking like bat wings. And under it was a big sign ... BATMAN. Finger said he offered such suggestions as giving the character a cowl and scalloped cape instead of wings; adding gloves; leaving the mask's eyeholes blank to connote mystery; and removing the bright red sections of the original costume, suggesting instead a gray-and-black color scheme. Finger additionally said his suggestions were influenced by Lee Falk 's The Phantom ,

754-404: A world map that depicted all of Earth's continents. Underwater exploration is the exploration of any underwater environment , either by direct observation by the explorer, or by remote observation and measurement under the direction of the investigators. Systematic, targeted exploration, with simultaneous survey, and recording of data, followed by data processing, interpretation and publication,

812-529: Is disputed. Kane's position is that Bill Finger and I created the Joker. Bill was the writer. Jerry Robinson came to me with a playing card of the Joker. That's the way I sum it up. [The Joker] looks like Conrad Veidt —you know, the actor in The Man Who Laughs , [the 1928 movie based on the novel] by Victor Hugo . ... Bill Finger had a book with a photograph of Conrad Veidt and showed it to me and said, 'Here's

870-788: Is the exploration of manmade structures, usually abandoned ruins or hidden components of the manmade environment. Photography and historical interest/documentation are heavily featured in the hobby, sometimes involving trespassing onto private property. The activity presents various risks, including physical danger and, if done illegally and/or without permission, the possibility of arrest and punishment. Some activities associated with urban exploration violate local or regional laws and certain broadly interpreted anti-terrorism laws , or can be considered trespassing or invasion of privacy. Traditionally, mineral exploration relied on direct observation of mineralisation in rock outcrops or in sediments. More recently, however, mineral exploration also includes

928-423: Is the most effective method to increase understanding of the ocean and other underwater regions, so they can be effectively managed, conserved, regulated, and their resources discovered, accessed, and used. Less than 10% of the ocean has been mapped in any detail, even less has been visually observed , and the total diversity of life and distribution of populations is similarly incompletely known. Space exploration

986-487: Is the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space . While the exploration of space is currently carried out mainly by astronomers with telescopes , its physical exploration is conducted both by uncrewed robotic space probes and human spaceflight . Space exploration, like its classical form astronomy , is one of the main sources for space science . While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy, predates reliable recorded history , it

1044-518: The Lone Ranger radio series . Late in the decade, with the pulp magazines in decline, Sprang gravitated toward comic-book illustration. With Norman Fallon and Ed Kressey , he co-founded the studio Fallon-Sprang at "a little studio loft on 42nd Street between Fifth Avenue and Grand Central" Terminal and with a contact address of 230 West 101st Street in Manhattan . A promotional flier advertises

1102-544: The Ice Age land bridge from Siberia to Alaska, and moved southwards to settle in the Americas. For the most part, these cultures were ignorant of each other's existence. The second period of exploration, occurring over the last 10,000 years, saw increased cross-cultural exchange through trade and exploration, and marked a new era of cultural intermingling, and more recently, convergence. Early writings about exploration date back to

1160-544: The Max Fleischer Studio as a trainee animator in the year of 1934. He entered the comics field two years later, in 1936, freelancing original material to editor Jerry Iger 's comic book Wow, What a Magazine! , including his first pencil and ink work on the serial Hiram Hick . The following year, Kane began to work at Iger's subsequent studio, Eisner & Iger , which was one of the first comic book "packagers" that produced comics on demand for publishers entering

1218-462: The San Diego ComiCon in 1992, and inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1999. Interior pencil work includes: Exploration Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery . Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and

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1276-510: The "creation of artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger". According to Kane, "Bill Finger was a contributing force on Batman right from the beginning. He wrote most of the great stories and was influential in setting the style and genre other writers would emulate ... I made Batman a superhero-vigilante when I first created him. Bill turned him into a scientific detective. The character debuted in Detective Comics #27 (May 1939) and proved

1334-452: The 1960s, he parlayed his Batman status into minor celebrity. He enjoyed a post-comics career in television animation , creating the characters Courageous Cat and Cool McCool , and as a painter showed his work in art galleries , although some of these paintings were produced by ghost artists. DC Comics named Kane in 1985 as one of the honorees in the company's 50th anniversary publication Fifty Who Made DC Great . In 1989, Kane published

1392-513: The 1980s (c. 1984–87) he devoted some of his time to recreating comic book material for the burgeoning collector's market, before returning to comics in 1987 for "occasional assignments". In 1990, he did the covers for Detective Comics #622–624. In 1995 and 1996, he produced two limited-edition lithographs depicting the Batcave ("Secrets of the Batcave") and the Batman cast of characters ("Guardians of Gotham City"). Sprang received an Inkpot Award at

1450-492: The 4th millennium B.C. in ancient Egypt . One of the earliest and most impactful thinkers on exploration was Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD. Between the 5th century and 15th century AD, most exploration was done by Chinese and Arab explorers. This was followed by the Age of Discovery after European scholars rediscovered the works of early Latin and Greek geographers. While the Age of Discovery

1508-527: The Bat-Man ." Kane said his influences for the character included actor Douglas Fairbanks 's film portrayal of the swashbuckler Zorro ; Leonardo da Vinci 's diagram of the ornithopter , a flying machine with huge bat-like wings; and the 1930 film The Bat Whispers , based on Mary Rinehart 's mystery novel The Circular Staircase (1908). Bill Finger joined Bob Kane's nascent studio in 1938. An aspiring writer and part-time shoe salesperson, he had met Kane at

1566-565: The Batman newspaper strip, becoming one of the primary Batman artists in the character's first 20 years. In 1955, Sprang got the chance to draw Superman , when he replaced Curt Swan as the primary artist for the Superman/Batman team-up stories in World's Finest Comics , on which he worked until his retirement in 1963. Sprang also worked on a couple of stories for the main Superman comic, "including

1624-604: The Joker'. Jerry Robinson had absolutely nothing to do with it. But he'll always say he created it till he dies. He brought in a playing card , which we used for a couple of issues for him [the Joker] to use as his playing card. Robinson, whose original Joker playing card was on public display in the exhibition "Masters of American Comics" at the Jewish Museum in New York City, New York, from September 16, 2006 to January 28, 2007, and

1682-772: The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta , Georgia from October 24, 2004 to August 28, 2005, has countered that: Bill Finger knew of Conrad Veidt because Bill had been to a lot of the foreign films. Veidt ... had this clown makeup with the frozen smile on his face (classic). When Bill saw the first drawing of the Joker, he said, 'That reminds me of Conrad Veidt in The Man Who Laughs .' He said he would bring in some shots of that movie to show me. That's how that came about. I think in Bill's mind, he fleshed out

1740-412: The ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group. Geographical exploration, sometimes considered the default meaning for the more general term exploration, is the practice of discovering lands and regions of the planet Earth remote or relatively inaccessible from

1798-420: The autobiography Batman and Me , with an updated edition Batman and Me: The Saga Continues , in 1996. Kane worked as a consultant on the 1989 film Batman and its three sequels with directors Tim Burton and Joel Schumacher . Stan Lee interviewed Kane in the documentary series The Comic Book Greats . Kane married his first wife, Beverly, in the 1940s, and the two divorced in 1957. They had

Dick Sprang - Misplaced Pages Continue

1856-415: The comic books but, unknown to DC, had hired his own personal ghosts, including Lew Schwartz and Sheldon Moldoff from 1953 to 1967. Bill Finger recalled that Robin was an outgrowth of a conversation I had with Bob. As I said, Batman was a combination of [Douglas] Fairbanks and Sherlock Holmes. Holmes had his Watson. The thing that bothered me was that Batman didn't have anyone to talk to, and it got

1914-502: The concept of the character. Robinson added, however, "If you read the Batman historian [E. Nelson] Bridwell , he had one interview where he interviewed Bill Finger and he said no, the Joker was created by me—an acknowledgement. He can be credited and Bob himself, we all played a role in it. ... He wrote the script of that, so he really was co-creator, and Bob and I did the visuals, so Bob was also." According to comics historian Les Daniels , "nearly everyone seems to agree that Two-Face

1972-485: The cover and the first three Batman stories, and penciled the fourth Batman story, inked by Norm Fallon. Like all Batman artists of the time, Sprang went uncredited as a ghost artist for Kane. In May 1944, Sprang married commercial artist and photographer Lora Ann Neusiis in New York City. The couple moved west to Sedona, Arizona , in 1946. They were divorced in 1951 and Lora returned to New York City. Sprang thereafter worked almost entirely on Batman comics and covers and on

2030-801: The economic potential. In all these definitions there is an implication of novelty, or unfamiliarity or the expectation of discovery in the exploration, whereas a survey implies directed examination, but not necessarily discovery of any previously unknown or unexpected information. The activities are not mutually exclusive, and often occur simultaneously to a variable extent. The same field of investigation or region may be explored at different times by different explorers with different motivations, who may make similar or different discoveries. Explorers: General Pre-Renaissance Exploration and Empire The Continents The Oceans The Poles Space Bob Kane Robert Kane ( né Kahn / k ɑː n / ; October 24, 1915 – November 3, 1998)

2088-575: The humor features "Ginger Snap" in More Fun Comics , "Oscar the Gumshoe" for Detective Comics , and "Professor Doolittle" for Adventure Comics . For that last title he went on to do his first adventure strip, "Rusty and his Pals". In early 1939, DC's success with the seminal superhero Superman in Action Comics prompted editors to scramble for more such heroes. In response, Bob Kane conceived "

2146-448: The items they sold, plus editorial cartoons , and editorial illustrations. I had to work with engravers , and I mastered the technology of printing. I learned the value of meeting a deadline. He left the newspaper in 1936 to move to New York City , where he began "illustrating for the pulp magazines —the Western , detective , and adventure magazines in the era of the late 1930s". From

2204-602: The late 1930s to the early 1940s, Sprang continued to work as a freelance illustrator, primarily for such pulp magazines as Popular Detective , Popular Western , Phantom Detective , G-Men , Detective Novels Magazine , Crack Detective and Black Hood Detective / Hooded Detective , for which last he also wrote some stories. Between 1937 and 1938, Sprang provided assistance on the King Features Syndicate comic strips Secret Agent X-9 (layouts) and The Lone Ranger (pencil assists). In 1938, he also wrote briefly for

2262-418: The mid-1960s. It was subsequently revealed, however, that Sprang was Kane's favorite " ghost ". Comics historian Les Daniels wrote that Sprang's "clean line and bold sense of design" set him apart as "the supreme stylist" of the early Batman artists. Sprang used to study the way children read comics in order to experiment with page layouts and panel to panel transitions, hoping to create "the most suspense and

2320-548: The most fluidity to keep the pages turning". Daniels singles out Sprang's work on the 1948 debut of the Riddler as "a superb example of story breakdown and page design". The tardiness of Sprang's friend and frequent collaborator Bill Finger sometimes produced situations in which he would have to send in pencils for a story before the ending had been written, actions that "required some careful figuring". In Batman #34 , "Sprang drew Batman and Robin capering across....Mount Rushmore", over

2378-470: The new medium during its late-1930s and 1940s Golden Age . Among his work there was the talking animal feature "Peter Pupp"—which belied its look with overtones of "mystery and menace" —published in the U.K. comic magazine Wags and reprinted in Fiction House 's Jumbo Comics . Kane also produced work through Eisner & Iger for two of the companies that would later merge to form DC Comics, including

Dick Sprang - Misplaced Pages Continue

2436-610: The northern Arizona and southern Utah area, especially Glen Canyon (before it was flooded). Sprang's first river trip in Glen was in 1950, and he and Lora divorced in 1951. Also in 1951, Dick made a two week river trip and a five week river trip, both in Glen Canyon. In 1952 on a six week Glen Canyon river trip along with Harry Aleson and Dudy Thomas, Sprang discovered the "Defiance House", an ancestral Puebloan structure believed to have been previously unseen by non-Natives. Dudy Thomas had explored

2494-608: The older ones with Batman. It extended the appeal on a lot of levels. The new character, an orphaned circus performer named Dick Grayson , came to live with Bruce Wayne as his young ward in Detective Comics #38 (April 1940) and would inspire many similar sidekicks throughout the Golden Age of comic books. Batman's nemesis the Joker was introduced near that same time, in Batman #1 (Spring 1940). Credit for that character's creation

2552-760: The origin of the explorer. The surface of the Earth not covered by water has been relatively comprehensively explored, as access is generally relatively straightforward, but underwater and subterranean areas are far less known, and even at the surface, much is still to be discovered in detail in the more remote and inaccessible wilderness areas. Two major eras of geographical exploration occurred in human history: The first, covering most of Human history, saw people moving out of Africa , settling in new lands, and developing distinct cultures in relative isolation. Early explorers settled in Europe and Asia; about 14,000 years ago, some crossed

2610-522: The original incarnation of Clayface . According to Kane, he drew the Penguin after being inspired by the then advertising mascot of Kool cigarettes—a penguin with a top hat and cane. Finger, however, claimed that he created the villain as a caricature of the aristocratic type, because "stuffy English gentlemen" reminded him of emperor penguins . In 1966, Kane retired from DC Comics, choosing to focus on fine art . As Kane's comic-book work tapered off in

2668-542: The staff of "the Scripps-Howard newspaper chain in Toledo, Ohio " shortly after graduating (circa 1934), continuing to produce magazine work concurrently. Sprang described his early career and work ethic, in 1987: I was in the art department, where we had to meet five deadlines a day. We had five editions on the street that, in part, carried different advertisements for jewelry stores, furniture stores, and so on. We had to draw

2726-633: The studio as comics packagers for such "supermen" features as "Power Nelson" (introduced in Prize Comics #1, March 1940) and " Shock Gibson "; "human interest" features such as " Speed Martin "; and the "interplanetary" feature " Sky Wizard " and detective feature "K-7" (both introduced in Hillman Periodicals ' Miracle Comics #1, Feb. 1940, and attributed to Emile Schurmacher ). Continuing to seek comic-book work, Sprang submitted art samples to DC Comics editor Whitney Ellsworth , who assigned him

2784-515: The tale that introduced the first, prototype Supergirl ". Sprang's work was first reprinted in 1961, and "nearly all subsequent Batman collections have contained at least one of his efforts." However, his name never appeared on his Batman work during his career, due to stipulations in Bob Kane's contract. These stated that Kane's name would remain on the strip, regardless of whether he drew any particular story, and this restriction remained in place until

2842-574: The two made a six week river run of Glen Canyon. They ran Glen one more time in 1961 before Glen was flooded by the reservoir named Lake Powell , created by Glen Canyon Dam . Sprang was also interested in photography and became a noted expert in the field of western pioneer trails; Sprang's voice can be heard on several National Park Service oral history tapes. In 1963, Sprang retired from full-time comics illustrating. He and Elizabeth were divorced in 1972 and Sprang relocated from Utah to Prescott, Arizona that year. Sprang married Marion Lyday in 1973 and

2900-596: The two remained in Prescott until his death in 2000. Marion Sprang died in 2001. Mostly unknown to comics readers during his career—uncredited on Batman and Superman , Sprang placed his name only on a handful of other stories that he drew, such as in Real Fact Comics —Sprang began to receive notice from comics fandom in the 1970s, when he became a regular attendee at comic conventions and later began drawing and selling reproductions of his Golden Age comics covers. During

2958-481: The two-part story "The Monk" that introduced some of The Batman's first "Bat-" equipment. In 1943, Kane left the Batman comic books to focus on penciling the daily Batman newspaper comic strip . DC Comics artists ghosting the comic-book stories now included Jack Burnley and Win Mortimer , with Robinson moving up as penciler and Fred Ray contributing some covers. After the strip finished in 1946, Kane returned to

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3016-409: The use of geologic , geophysical , and geochemical tools to search for anomalies, which can narrow the search area. The area to be prospected should be covered sufficiently to minimize the risk of missing something important, but it can take into account previous experience that certain geological evidence correlates with a very low probability of finding the desired minerals. Other evidence indicates

3074-465: The western United States extensively and accompanied Sprang and Aleson on multiple trips through Glen Canyon by raft in the early-mid 1950s. Thomas and Sprang were married in 1956. In 1956, he and Dudy moved to Torrey, Utah , and the next spring moved to nearby Fish Creek Ranch on 150-acre (0.6 km) where they ran cattle. Dudy died in January 1958 and Sprang remarried that year to Elizabeth Lewis. In 1959,

3132-506: Was Kane's brainchild exclusively". Catwoman , originally introduced by Kane with no costume as "the Cat", was partially inspired by his cousin, Ruth Steel. Kane, a frequent moviegoer, mentioned that Jean Harlow was a model for the design and added that "I always felt that women were feline". Kane created the Scarecrow and drew his first appearance, which was scripted by Finger. Kane also created

3190-737: Was an American comic book writer, animator and artist who co-created Batman (with Bill Finger ) and most early related characters for DC Comics . He was inducted into the comic book industry's Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1993 and into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1996. Robert Kahn was born in New York City , New York . His parents, Augusta and Herman Kahn, an engraver, were of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. A high school friend of fellow cartoonist and future Spirit creator Will Eisner , Robert Kahn graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School and then legally changed his name to Robert Kane. He studied art at Cooper Union before joining

3248-482: Was born in Fremont , Ohio , and became a professional illustrator at an early age, painting signs and handbills for local advertisers. His family was Jewish . According to comics historian Jerry Bails , Sprang worked throughout the 1930s for Standard Magazines , "screening scripts" as an editor, as well as contributing artwork to Standard, Columbia Publications and Street and Smith , while still in high school. He joined

3306-538: Was partly driven by land routes outside of Europe becoming unsafe, and a desire for conquest, the 17th century also saw exploration driven by nobler motives, including scientific discovery and the expansion of knowledge about the world. This broader knowledge of the world's geography meant that people were able to make world maps , depicting all land known. The first modern atlas was the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum , published by Abraham Ortelius , which included

3364-428: Was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the mid-twentieth century that allowed physical extraterrestrial exploration to become a reality. Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, national prestige, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity, and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries. Urban exploration

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