Italy
46-588: Diano Marina ( Ligurian : A Maina de Dian , or simply Dian ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region of Liguria , located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Imperia . The municipality of Diano Marina contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Diano Calderina, Diano Serreta, Diano Gorleri, Diano Arentino, and borgata Muratori. It borders
92-516: A Gallo-Italic language, Ligurian is most closely related to the Lombard , Piedmontese and Emilian-Romagnol languages, all of which are spoken in neighboring provinces. Unlike the aforementioned languages, however, it exhibits distinct Italian features. No link has, thus far, been demonstrated by linguistic evidence between Romance Ligurian and the Ligurian language of the ancient Ligurian populations , in
138-586: A boost to its economy when Benedictine monks from Piedmont introduced the cultivation of olive trees in the 11th century, which consequently led to the production of olive oil. During the same century, the Dianese territory became a feudal dominion of the Marquises of Clavesana until 1177, when a free and autonomous municipality was formed. In 1199, the Communitas Diani was established, merging several settlements of
184-521: A gh'à tutti i driti e e libertæ proclamæ inte questa Diciaraçion, sensa nisciunn-a distinçion de razza, cô, sesso, lengoa, religion, òpinion politica ò d'atro tipo, òrigine naçionale ò sociale, poxiçion econòmica, nascimento, ò quæ se segge atra condiçion. Pe de ciù, no se faiâ nisciunn-a diferensa fondâ in sciâ condiçion politica, giuridica ò internaçionale do Paize ò do teritöio a-o quæ e personn-e apartegnan, segge pe-i Paixi indipendenti che pe-i teritöi sott'aministraçion fiduciaia, sens'outonomia, ò sotomissi
230-503: A railway service. Due to it being mainly in tunnels, the new line does not feature views of the Ligurian coast, making it less attractive for sightseeing. As of 2007, 18 km of new double track line are under construction (San Lorenzo-Andora) and 32 km are in the planning stage (Andora-Finale Ligure). The idea of a railway along the Ligurian coast began in March 1857 with what was called
276-454: A series of new tunnels and viaducts. It replaced the old coastal route and includes new stations at Andora, Diano and Imperia that replaced older stations, including two former stations in Imperia. This new section was scheduled for completion at the end of 2009, but was delayed. Work on the section of line through Imperia ground to a halt in 2011, and after the resolution of legal disputes between
322-509: A ògni atra limitaçion de sovranitæ. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on
368-406: Is also very important, and the region is known for producing Taggiasca olive oil. Diano Marina is twinned with: Ligurian language Ligurian ( / l ɪ ˈ ɡ j ʊər i ə n / lig- YOOR -ee-ən ; endonym: lìgure ) or Genoese ( / ˌ dʒ ɛ n oʊ ˈ iː z / JEN -oh- EEZ ; endonym: zeneise or zeneize ) is a Gallo-Italic language spoken primarily in
414-703: Is based on the Latin alphabet , and consists of 25 letters: ⟨a⟩ , ⟨æ⟩ , ⟨b⟩ , ⟨c⟩ , ⟨ç⟩ , ⟨d⟩ , ⟨e⟩ , ⟨f⟩ , ⟨g⟩ , ⟨h⟩ , ⟨i⟩ , ⟨l⟩ , ⟨m⟩ , ⟨n⟩ , ⟨ñ⟩ or ⟨nn-⟩ , ⟨o⟩ , ⟨p⟩ , ⟨q⟩ , ⟨r⟩ , ⟨s⟩ , ⟨t⟩ , ⟨u⟩ , ⟨v⟩ , ⟨x⟩ , ⟨z⟩ . The ligature ⟨æ⟩ indicates
460-459: Is nowadays one of the busiest and most utilized stations in Genova. the old railway area in the territory of Prà has been utilized to build a new road and promenade, reconnecting the city with its littoral and sea, within a European Union co-financed project named "P.O.R. - Pra' Marina". A new section of double track has been built between San Lorenzo al Mare and Andora , diverting the line inland via
506-481: Is realized as a semivowel [ w ] after a consonant, or before a vowel (i.e poeivan [pwejvaŋ] ), as well as after /k/ , when the sequence is spelled ⟨qu⟩ . Diphthong sounds include ⟨ei⟩ [ej] and ⟨òu⟩ [ɔw] . No universally accepted orthography exists for Ligurian. Genoese, the prestige dialect, has two main orthographic standards. One, known as grafia unitäia (unitary orthography), has been adopted by
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#1732852277729552-669: Is ubiquitous and increasing. It is also spoken in the department of the Alpes-Maritimes of France (mostly the Côte d'Azur from the Italian border to and including Monaco ), in the town of Bonifacio at the southern tip of the French island of Corsica , and by a large community in Gibraltar ( UK ). It has been adopted formally in Monaco under the name Monégasque – locally, Munegascu – but without
598-513: The Ferrovie dello Stato in 1905. Due to the difficulty of building the line and in order to minimise costs, the line was built almost entirely as a single track. This soon proved inadequate for its traffic. In the early twentieth century work began on designing improvements to the line, but duplication work proceeded very slowly, so much so that some sections between Imperia and Finale Ligure are still single track. Almost all doubling has involved
644-722: The Railway of the Ligurian Riviera (Italian: Ferrovia delle Riviere Liguri ) with the inauguration of a project for a railway from the Var river in Nice —then the border of the Kingdom of Sardinia and France —to the Magra river—which then marked the border Sardinia of and Duchy of Modena . This was part of the ambitious project for the building of a railway system, considered by Cavour as an important part of
690-674: The Republic of Genoa , its traditional importance in trade and commerce, and its vast literature. Like other regional languages in Italy, the use of Ligurian and its dialects is in rapid decline. ISTAT (the Italian Central Service of Statistics) claims that in 2012, only 9% of the population used a language other than standard Italian with friends and family, which decreases to 1.8% with strangers. Furthermore, according to ISTAT, regional languages are more commonly spoken by uneducated people and
736-451: The province of Alessandria , around the area of Novi Ligure , and the Province of Cuneo , in the municipalities of Ormea , Garessio , Alto and Caprauna ), western extremes of Emilia-Romagna (some areas in the province of Piacenza ), and in Carloforte on San Pietro Island and Calasetta on Sant'Antioco Island off of southwestern Sardinia (known as Tabarchino ), where its use
782-590: The "Citta degli aranci" (City of the orange trees). The origin of Diano Marina dates back to the Upper Paleolithic era and the Iron Age . Various discoveries have been made in the area, such as cinerary urns belonging to a necropolis, thus supporting the theory of a probable prehistoric origin of the village. The first permanent settlement, inhabited by Ingauni Ligurian, dates back to the Bronze Age. Around 200 BC,
828-559: The 13th century to the present, such as Luchetto (the Genoese Anonym), Martin Piaggio [ it ; lij ] , and Gian Giacomo Cavalli [ it ; lij ] . The Italian Government does not consider Ligurian a language, but rather a dialect of Italian . Hence, it is not protected by law. Historically, Genoese (the dialect spoken in the city of Genoa) is the written koiné , owing to its semi-official role as language of
874-571: The Diano valley, and in 1228 it became an integral part of the Republic of Genoa . By the 16th century, the community was made up of about sixty families and it eventually became the main commercial base for olive oil in the whole western Ligurian Riviera; the Dianese harbor, due to its natural shape, was a strategic point for the goods that reached the main European ports by sea. This lucrative trade had to contend with increasingly frequent pirate raids, forcing
920-569: The Gallo-Italic and Western Romance dialect continuum . Although part of Gallo-Italic, it exhibits several features of the Italo-Romance group of central and southern Italy . Zeneize (literally " Genoese "), spoken in Genoa , the capital of Liguria, is the language's prestige dialect on which the standard is based. There is a long literary tradition of Ligurian poets and writers that goes from
966-678: The Genoese senate to erect fortifications and watchtowers along the territory, with the substantial help of the local population. After the fall of the Republic of Genoa in 1797, the new municipality of Diano Marina rejoined the Ligurian Republic . Annexed to the First French Empire from 1805 to 1814, it became part of the Department of Montenotte . In 1815, the territory was incorporated into
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#17328522777291012-507: The Kingdom of Sardinia, as established by the Congress of Vienna in 1814, and subsequently added to the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. In 1871, the hamlet of Paradisi was detached from Diano Castello and aggregated to the municipality of Diano Marina. The earthquake and subsequent tsunami of 23 February 1887 caused considerable structural damage to houses and monuments, and the loss of several lives;
1058-593: The Ligurian-language press – including the Genoese column of the largest Ligurian press newspaper, Il Secolo XIX – as well as a number of other publishing houses and academic projects. The other, proposed by the cultural association A Compagna and the Academia Ligustica do Brenno is the self-styled grafia ofiçiâ (official orthography). The two orthographies mainly differ in their usage of diacritics and doubled consonants. The Ligurian alphabet
1104-621: The Piedmontese engineer Giacomo Pisani is responsible for the design of the new town plan following the disaster. The construction of the Genoa–Ventimiglia railway and the consequent opening of a local station in 1872 has attracted tourists to Diano Marina, especially in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1923, the municipalities of Cervo , San Bartolomeo al Mare , Diano Arentino , Diano Borello, Diano Calderina, Diano Castello , Diano San Pietro , and Villa Faraldi were added to Diano Marina; in 1925,
1150-570: The Roman Empire, engaged in the conquest of the Ligurian region, built a small village on the site, called Lucus Bormani, originally dedicated to the god Bormo or Bormano. According to some historians, the current name of Diano derives from the Romans who wanted to convert the local population to the cult of Diana , goddess of the hunt, weeding out the prehistoric god Bomano previously revered; this hypothesis has been disputed by other historians, however. Of
1196-479: The ancient Roman presence, some buildings still remain, discovered during excavations adjacent to the sports field. According to some sources, basic Christian education was provided around the 1st century by the saints Nazarius and Celsus , to whom the Dianese population later dedicated a small church near the sports field. Between the 9th and 10th centuries, the settlement suffered invasions by Saracen pirates, along with other coastal towns. The village experienced
1242-458: The area, both passenger and freight was mainly carried by sea, the selected route ran virtually at sea level, closely following the coast and, where possible the Via Aurelia , linking more than 40 villages that had previously been difficult to reach by land. In 1885, the line was integrated into the new Società per le Strade Ferrate del Mediterraneo ( Mediterranean System ), which was taken over by
1288-589: The basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. Some basic vocabulary, in the spelling of the Genoese Academia Ligustica do Brenno : [REDACTED] Wikisource has original text related to this article: Ligurian language wikisource Genoa%E2%80%93Ventimiglia railway The Genova-Ventimiglia railway runs along
1334-419: The coast from Ventimiglia to Massa where it would join an existing railway line. Despite the need to build many tunnels and viaducts this work was carried out quickly and the 29 kilometre extension from Genoa to Savona Letimbro was inaugurated on 25 May 1868. In 1865 the line had been absorbed by the newly established Società per le strade ferrate dell'Alta Italia ( Upper Italian Railways ). On 25 January 1872,
1380-490: The coast of the Liguria region of Italy . It was opened as a single track line between Genova and Savona in 1868, and between Savona and Ventimiglia in 1872, mostly running along a coastal corniche . The line is being doubled mainly by building an entirely new double track line parallel to the existing railway, because the line often runs through towns where there is no space for a second track. The new line also increases
1426-472: The communities of Cervo, Diano Arentino, Diano Castello, and Diano San Pietro were reconstituted as separate municipalities. The main industry in the Diano area are tourism-related activities, especially in the summer. The region attracts tourists from all over Europe due to its mild climate. Agricultural activity is also relevant: in the immediate hinterland of Diano, there are numerous greenhouses cultivating basil, tomatoes, and flowers. The olive-growing sector
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1472-482: The construction of new largely underground line, with the abandonment of the old line. Sections doubled by 1969 were: The first part of the doubling, between the station of Genova Voltri and Varazze , was opened in 1970. The new line was moved inland compared to the old route, removed to railway from the coastal towns of Arenzano , Cogoleto and Varazze . A new station was built in Arenzano. The old railway line
1518-423: The early decline it underwent in the past. The language itself is actively preserved by various groups. Because of the importance of Genoese trade, Ligurian was once spoken well beyond the borders of the modern province. It has since given way to standard varieties, such as Standard Italian and French . In particular, the language is traditionally spoken in coastal, northern Tuscany , southern Piedmont (part of
1564-403: The elderly, mostly in rural areas. Liguria is no exception. One can reasonably suppose the age pyramid to be strongly biased toward the elderly who were born before World War II , with proficiency rapidly approaching zero for newer generations. Compared to other regional languages of Italy, Ligurian has experienced a significantly smaller decline which could have been a consequence of its status or
1610-412: The following municipalities: Diano Castello , Diano San Pietro , Imperia , and San Bartolomeo al Mare . Diano Marina is one of the few municipalities along the Ligurian coast with long sandy beaches. The beach season is from 15 May until 15 September. Outside of this season, most of the beaches are accessible to the public. It is also known for its streets lined with orange trees, and is referred to as
1656-449: The form of a substrate or otherwise. Very little is known about ancient Ligurian itself due to the lack of inscriptions and the unknown origin of the Ligurian people. Only onomastics and toponyms are known to have survived from ancient Ligurian, the name Liguria itself being the most obvious example. Most important variants of the Ligurian language are: Semivowels occur as allophones of /i/ and /u/ , as well as in diphthongs. /u/
1702-406: The line was completed to Ventimiglia. The seven km connection from Ventimiglia to the relocated French border was opened two months later. In the building of the line, its designers did not pay much attention to the needs of the territory through which it was built but instead mainly took into account military considerations and the political purposes of the new Kingdom of Italy. As most transport in
1748-402: The maximum speed from 100 to 180 km/h. The line is mainly in tunnels: 61 km of the 74 km of line between Ospedaletti and Finale Ligure is underground, and the rest of the line has similar proportions. The longest tunnel is Caponero-Capoverde (13.135 km). This tunnel includes the new Sanremo station. The new line has fewer stations than the old, leaving some towns without
1794-543: The new double line between Imperia and Bordighera, opened in 2001, including new stations in Arma di Taggia and Sanremo , while San Lorenzo, Santo Stefano and Ospedaletti lost their stations. On 2 April 2005 a deviation of the line between Voltri and Pegli was opened, including the building of a new station of Genova Prà in replacement of the original one built in 1856, transferred to City Municipality for non railway purposes. The new station of Pra' due to its huge parking place
1840-566: The process of Italian unification. A railway was already in operation for a short distance west from Genoa, between the stations of Sampierdarena and Voltri, opened on 8 April 1856, which branched off the Turin–Genoa line . The rapid progress in the creating the Kingdom of Italy gave further impetus to the project leading to the proclamation of a law on 27 October 1860 establishing the Ligurian Railway (Italian: Ferrovia ligure ) to run along
1886-430: The sound /ɛː/ , as in çit(t)æ 'city' /siˈtɛː/ . The c-cedilla ⟨ç⟩ , used for the sound /s/ , generally only occurs before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ , as in riçetta 'recipe' /riˈsɛtta/ . The letter ⟨ñ⟩ , also written as ⟨nn-⟩ (or more rarely ⟨n-n⟩ , ⟨n-⟩ , ⟨nh⟩ , or simply ⟨nn⟩ ), represents
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1932-594: The status of official language (that is French). Monaco is the only place where a variety of Ligurian is taught in school. The Mentonasc dialect , spoken in the East of the County of Nice , is considered to be a transitional Occitan dialect to Ligurian; conversely, Roiasc and Pignasc spoken further North in the Eastern margin of the County are Ligurian dialects with Occitan influences. As
1978-563: The territories of the former Republic of Genoa , now comprising the area of Liguria in Northern Italy , parts of the Mediterranean coastal zone of France , Monaco (where it is called Monégasque ), the village of Bonifacio in Corsica , and in the villages of Carloforte on San Pietro Island and Calasetta on Sant'Antioco Island off the coast of southwestern Sardinia . It is part of
2024-443: The velar nasal /ŋ/ before or after vowels, such as in canpaña 'bell' /kɑŋˈpɑŋŋɑ/ , or the feminine indefinite pronoun uña /ˈyŋŋɑ/ . There are five diacritics, whose precise usage varies between orthographies. They are: The multigraphs are: Tutte e personn-e nascian libere e pæge in dignitæ e driti. Son dotæ de raxon e coscensa e gh'an da agî l'unn-a verso l'atra inte 'n spirito de fradelansa. Ògni personn-a
2070-472: Was completed very late compared with the original program; it included the new station of Savona Mongrifone. The abandoned line was absorbed by the urban fabric, with much of it converted into a promenade. In Savona the old station was left abandoned for a long while. The new station, built between 1961 and 1962 to the design of the engineer Pier Luigi Nervi , was opened by President Antonio Segni . After 25 years of planning, public discussion and construction
2116-453: Was partly re-used and partly abandoned. In particular in the area of Vesima, after years of abandonment, the route of the old line was used for the widening of the roadway of the Via Aurelia within the three towns. The suburban sections were originally abandoned but have been recovered in recent years to be used as pedestrian paths. In 1977, the new section between Finale Ligure and Varazze
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