Italy
37-532: Imperia ( pronounced [imˈpɛːrja] ; Ligurian : Inpêia [iŋˈpeːja] or Inpéria ) is a coastal city and comune in the region of Liguria , Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Imperia , and historically it was capital of the Intemelia district of Liguria . Benito Mussolini created the city of Imperia on 21 October 1923 by combining Porto Maurizio and Oneglia , as well as
74-516: A Gallo-Italic language, Ligurian is most closely related to the Lombard , Piedmontese and Emilian-Romagnol languages, all of which are spoken in neighboring provinces. Unlike the aforementioned languages, however, it exhibits distinct Italian features. No link has, thus far, been demonstrated by linguistic evidence between Romance Ligurian and the Ligurian language of the ancient Ligurian populations , in
111-521: A gh'à tutti i driti e e libertæ proclamæ inte questa Diciaraçion, sensa nisciunn-a distinçion de razza, cô, sesso, lengoa, religion, òpinion politica ò d'atro tipo, òrigine naçionale ò sociale, poxiçion econòmica, nascimento, ò quæ se segge atra condiçion. Pe de ciù, no se faiâ nisciunn-a diferensa fondâ in sciâ condiçion politica, giuridica ò internaçionale do Paize ò do teritöio a-o quæ e personn-e apartegnan, segge pe-i Paixi indipendenti che pe-i teritöi sott'aministraçion fiduciaia, sens'outonomia, ò sotomissi
148-564: A major port and the Savoyards and Genoese struggled for control of Oneglia during the Second Genoese-Savoyard War . Oneglia resisted Napoleon during his invasion of Italy . As a reward, it was made seat of the province in 1814 but in 1860 became part of the province of Porto Maurizio until 1923. 43°53′N 8°02′E / 43.883°N 8.033°E / 43.883; 8.033 This Liguria location article
185-509: A ògni atra limitaçion de sovranitæ. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on
222-489: Is a former town in northern Italy on the Ligurian coast, in 1923 joined to Porto Maurizio to form the Comune of Imperia . The name is still used for the suburb. The Imperia Oneglia railway station was closed in 2016, due to the new organization of the city, which provides a new station in the middle core of the city of Imperia, just to make easier the connection between Porto Maurizio and Oneglia. This specific point of
259-703: Is based on the Latin alphabet , and consists of 25 letters: ⟨a⟩ , ⟨æ⟩ , ⟨b⟩ , ⟨c⟩ , ⟨ç⟩ , ⟨d⟩ , ⟨e⟩ , ⟨f⟩ , ⟨g⟩ , ⟨h⟩ , ⟨i⟩ , ⟨l⟩ , ⟨m⟩ , ⟨n⟩ , ⟨ñ⟩ or ⟨nn-⟩ , ⟨o⟩ , ⟨p⟩ , ⟨q⟩ , ⟨r⟩ , ⟨s⟩ , ⟨t⟩ , ⟨u⟩ , ⟨v⟩ , ⟨x⟩ , ⟨z⟩ . The ligature ⟨æ⟩ indicates
296-478: Is based on tourism, food industry (olive oil and pasta), a specialized agriculture (olive groves and flowers in greenhouses) and on trading and harbour activities. The seaside tourism represents an important aspect of the economy of Imperia. Imperia consists of the two historical districts of Porto Maurizio and Oneglia , which lie on either side of the River Impero that gives its name to the city. Porto Maurizio
333-647: Is named after Saint Maurice , leader of the Theban Legion who were not martyred until 286 and could not have been memorialized until the Christianized Empire of the fourth century. It became a Byzantine port after the Gothic Wars of the 6th century, then passed to the Order of Saint Benedict . It was subject to the counts of Turin in the 11th century, and then to the marchesi of Clavesana . Boniface of Clavesana sold
370-481: Is realized as a semivowel [ w ] after a consonant, or before a vowel (i.e poeivan [pwejvaŋ] ), as well as after /k/ , when the sequence is spelled ⟨qu⟩ . Diphthong sounds include ⟨ei⟩ [ej] and ⟨òu⟩ [ɔw] . No universally accepted orthography exists for Ligurian. Genoese, the prestige dialect, has two main orthographic standards. One, known as grafia unitäia (unitary orthography), has been adopted by
407-504: Is situated on a peninsula to the west of the river, stretching along the coastline. It is the wealthiest and most colorful district of the city, threaded by narrow lanes known as carrugi , and its economy centers on the tourist industry. It was a possession of Genoa from the 13th century. Oneglia ( Inéja in Ligurian) lies on an alluvial plain to the east of the Impero, and with its working port
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#1732855701312444-509: Is the most modern and industrialized of the two districts. At its centre lies Dante Square, from which radiate some of the main roads of the city. Imperia experiences a Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification Csa ). Imperia is served by the Autostrada A10 motorway, also known as L'Autostrada dei Fiori which runs along the Ligurian coast between Genoa and Ventimiglia on
481-719: Is ubiquitous and increasing. It is also spoken in the department of the Alpes-Maritimes of France (mostly the Côte d'Azur from the Italian border to and including Monaco ), in the town of Bonifacio at the southern tip of the French island of Corsica , and by a large community in Gibraltar ( UK ). It has been adopted formally in Monaco under the name Monégasque – locally, Munegascu – but without
518-674: The Republic of Genoa , its traditional importance in trade and commerce, and its vast literature. Like other regional languages in Italy, the use of Ligurian and its dialects is in rapid decline. ISTAT (the Italian Central Service of Statistics) claims that in 2012, only 9% of the population used a language other than standard Italian with friends and family, which decreases to 1.8% with strangers. Furthermore, according to ISTAT, regional languages are more commonly spoken by uneducated people and
555-614: The bishop of Albenga . The Doria Family purchased Oneglia and Porto Maurizio in 1298. The Dorias ruled the town until the 16th century (there were some brief interludes in which the Doria did not rule the town during this time). One of the Dorias, Andrea Doria , was born in Oneglia in 1466. In 1576 Oneglia became part of the domain of the House of Savoy . The Savoyards attempted to develop Oneglia as
592-451: The province of Alessandria , around the area of Novi Ligure , and the Province of Cuneo , in the municipalities of Ormea , Garessio , Alto and Caprauna ), western extremes of Emilia-Romagna (some areas in the province of Piacenza ), and in Carloforte on San Pietro Island and Calasetta on Sant'Antioco Island off of southwestern Sardinia (known as Tabarchino ), where its use
629-559: The 13th century to the present, such as Luchetto (the Genoese Anonym), Martin Piaggio [ it ; lij ] , and Gian Giacomo Cavalli [ it ; lij ] . The Italian Government does not consider Ligurian a language, but rather a dialect of Italian . Hence, it is not protected by law. Historically, Genoese (the dialect spoken in the city of Genoa) is the written koiné , owing to its semi-official role as language of
666-497: The French border. The road crosses the city via a series of high viaducts and mountain tunnels over the valley. Two junctions serve the city, one in the west close to Porto Maurizio, and another in the east above Oneglia. The A10 also forms part of European route E80 . Bus services across the Province of Imperia are operated by the public transport body Riviera Trasporti (RT). The Genoa–Ventimiglia railway line runs through Imperia:
703-569: The Gallo-Italic and Western Romance dialect continuum . Although part of Gallo-Italic, it exhibits several features of the Italo-Romance group of central and southern Italy . Zeneize (literally " Genoese "), spoken in Genoa , the capital of Liguria, is the language's prestige dialect on which the standard is based. There is a long literary tradition of Ligurian poets and writers that goes from
740-561: The Genoese. In 1692 it had to repulse an attack by a French squadron; in 1744–45 it was again occupied by the Spaniards, and in 1792 bombarded and burned by the French. Porto Maurizio was a Roman settlement, Portus Maurici , which, though named in the brief maritime itinerary appended to the Antonine Itinerary , must be an interpolation in manuscripts of that third century document, since it
777-593: The Ligurian-language press – including the Genoese column of the largest Ligurian press newspaper, Il Secolo XIX – as well as a number of other publishing houses and academic projects. The other, proposed by the cultural association A Compagna and the Academia Ligustica do Brenno is the self-styled grafia ofiçiâ (official orthography). The two orthographies mainly differ in their usage of diacritics and doubled consonants. The Ligurian alphabet
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#1732855701312814-558: The basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. Some basic vocabulary, in the spelling of the Genoese Academia Ligustica do Brenno : [REDACTED] Wikisource has original text related to this article: Ligurian language wikisource Oneglia Oneglia ( Ligurian : Inêia or Ineja )
851-410: The city is served by a central Imperia railway station , on a double-track route opened on 11 December 2016, replacing the old narrow coastal route confined by the sea and long tunnels under the rocky coastline, and therefore built as a single-track railway . The old route was originally built in 1872 and closed with the opening of the new inland route; the city was served by two railway stations serving
888-508: The city, in the early 1930 was the hearth of the Liguria 's economy, due to the important oil commerce that was pretty consistent at that time. Oneglia became a papal domain in the 8th century after the Lombards transferred control of the town to the pope . Oneglia suffered from a Muslim attack during this time. However, it later recovered as the town of Ripa Uneliae , and was governed by
925-423: The early decline it underwent in the past. The language itself is actively preserved by various groups. Because of the importance of Genoese trade, Ligurian was once spoken well beyond the borders of the modern province. It has since given way to standard varieties, such as Standard Italian and French . In particular, the language is traditionally spoken in coastal, northern Tuscany , southern Piedmont (part of
962-403: The elderly, mostly in rural areas. Liguria is no exception. One can reasonably suppose the age pyramid to be strongly biased toward the elderly who were born before World War II , with proficiency rapidly approaching zero for newer generations. Compared to other regional languages of Italy, Ligurian has experienced a significantly smaller decline which could have been a consequence of its status or
999-530: The fiefdom of the Doria family of Genoa; the famous admiral Andrea Doria (1466–1560) was born in the town. The Dorias sold the town to Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy in 1576, and Oneglia essentially remained a Savoyard enclave in the Republic of Genoa until Italian unification. Nonetheless, it was on the front line in the wars of the House of Savoy; it was seized in 1614 and 1649 by the Spaniards and in 1623 and 1672 by
1036-449: The form of a substrate or otherwise. Very little is known about ancient Ligurian itself due to the lack of inscriptions and the unknown origin of the Ligurian people. Only onomastics and toponyms are known to have survived from ancient Ligurian, the name Liguria itself being the most obvious example. Most important variants of the Ligurian language are: Semivowels occur as allophones of /i/ and /u/ , as well as in diphthongs. /u/
1073-651: The night on the Parrasio on the third floor of Palazzo Lavagna. At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, it was awarded to the Kingdom of Sardinia , before finally joining a united Italy in 1861. Mussolini created the city of Imperia on 21 October 1923 by the union of Porto Maurizio and Oneglia and the surrounding village communes of Piani, Caramagna Ligure, Castelvecchio di Santa Maria Maggiore, Borgo Sant'Agata, Costa d'Oneglia, Poggi, Torrazza, Moltedo and Montegrazie. The economy of Imperia
1110-595: The pre-Roman settlement of Pagus Unelia , on the hill of Castelvecchio, which was probably one of the sex oppida of the Liguri . This spawned Ripa Uneliae , a village down on the coast probably on the site of the modern-day Borgo Peri . Modern Oneglia became established on its modern site around 935AD, possibly after it was destroyed by the Saracens ; in 1100 it became a fief of the Diocese of Albenga . In 1298 Oneglia became part of
1147-430: The sound /ɛː/ , as in çit(t)æ 'city' /siˈtɛː/ . The c-cedilla ⟨ç⟩ , used for the sound /s/ , generally only occurs before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ , as in riçetta 'recipe' /riˈsɛtta/ . The letter ⟨ñ⟩ , also written as ⟨nn-⟩ (or more rarely ⟨n-n⟩ , ⟨n-⟩ , ⟨nh⟩ , or simply ⟨nn⟩ ), represents
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1184-594: The status of official language (that is French). Monaco is the only place where a variety of Ligurian is taught in school. The Mentonasc dialect , spoken in the East of the County of Nice , is considered to be a transitional Occitan dialect to Ligurian; conversely, Roiasc and Pignasc spoken further North in the Eastern margin of the County are Ligurian dialects with Occitan influences. As
1221-453: The surrounding village communes of Piani, Caramagna Ligure, Castelvecchio di Santa Maria Maggiore, Borgo Sant'Agata, Costa d'Oneglia, Poggi, Torrazza, Moltedo and Montegrazie. Imperia is well known for the cultivation of flowers and olives , and is a popular summer destination for visitors. The local Piscina Felice Cascione indoor pool has hosted numerous national and international aquatics events. The name of Oneglia may have its roots in
1258-563: The territories of the former Republic of Genoa , now comprising the area of Liguria in Northern Italy , parts of the Mediterranean coastal zone of France , Monaco (where it is called Monégasque ), the village of Bonifacio in Corsica , and in the villages of Carloforte on San Pietro Island and Calasetta on Sant'Antioco Island off the coast of southwestern Sardinia . It is part of
1295-645: The town to the Republic of Genoa in 1288 in return for a yearly payment, as part of Genoa's expansion into western Liguria. In 1354 it became the seat of the Genoese vicar of the western Riviera. The town prospered even though control of Genoa passed between the French, the Duchy of Milan , and the Spanish. During the Napoleonic Wars Napoleon Bonaparte himself stopped for a night in Porto Maurizio and spent
1332-440: The two centres of Imperia, Imperia Porto Maurizio and Imperia Oneglia railway station . Natives of Imperia: Others: Imperia is twinned with: Ligurian language Ligurian ( / l ɪ ˈ ɡ j ʊər i ə n / lig- YOOR -ee-ən ; endonym: lìgure ) or Genoese ( / ˌ dʒ ɛ n oʊ ˈ iː z / JEN -oh- EEZ ; endonym: zeneise or zeneize ) is a Gallo-Italic language spoken primarily in
1369-443: The velar nasal /ŋ/ before or after vowels, such as in canpaña 'bell' /kɑŋˈpɑŋŋɑ/ , or the feminine indefinite pronoun uña /ˈyŋŋɑ/ . There are five diacritics, whose precise usage varies between orthographies. They are: The multigraphs are: Tutte e personn-e nascian libere e pæge in dignitæ e driti. Son dotæ de raxon e coscensa e gh'an da agî l'unn-a verso l'atra inte 'n spirito de fradelansa. Ògni personn-a
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