34-515: Dialectica is a quarterly philosophy journal founded in 1947 by Gaston Bachelard , Paul Bernays and Ferdinand Gonseth . It was published by Blackwell between 2004 and 2019. As of 2020, it is published in full open access and edited in Switzerland. It focuses on analytic philosophy and is the official journal of the European Society for Analytic Philosophy . This article about
68-406: A philosophy journal is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . See tips for writing articles about academic journals . Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page . Gaston Bachelard Gaston Bachelard ( / b æ ʃ ə ˈ l ɑːr / ; French: [baʃlaʁ] ; 27 June 1884 – 16 October 1962) was a French philosopher . He made contributions in
102-542: A bend argent potent counter potent Or; in chief Azure chrged with 3 bees flying of Or. List of Successive Mayors Bar-sur-Aube has twinning associations with: In 2017 the commune had 4,902 inhabitants. The commune has several schools and colleges: There are numerous sports clubs in Bar-sur-Aube: The commune has a branch of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Troyes and Aube . Bar-sur-Aube,
136-599: A job in October as a professor of physics and chemistry at the college of Bar-sur-Aube . At the age of thirty-six he began a completely unexpected philosophical career. Starting decisively in 1922, he acquired the title of Doctor of Letters at the Sorbonne in 1927. His theses, supported by Abel Rey and Léon Brunschvicg , were published. He became a lecturer at the Faculty of Letters of Dijon from October 1927, but remained at
170-480: A larger framework. Bachelard never saw how seemingly irrational theories often simply represented a drastic shift in scientific perspective. For instance, he never claimed that the theory of probabilities was just another way of complexifying reality through a deepening of rationality (even though critics like Lord Kelvin found this theory irrational). One of his main theses in The New Scientific Mind
204-649: Is a commune and a sub-prefecture in the Aube department in the Grand Est region of France . Surrounded by hills and Champagne vineyards, the city is traversed by the river Aube, from which it derives its name. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Baralbins or Baralbines and Barsuraubois or Barsurauboises . The commune has been awarded three flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in
238-436: Is an object of scientific thought… an example of an abstract-concrete object." To understand the way it works, one has to take the detour of scientific knowledge. Epistemology is thus not a general philosophy that aims at justifying scientific reasoning. Instead, it produces regional histories of science . In addition to epistemology, Bachelard's work deals with many other topics, including poetry, dreams, psychoanalysis , and
272-566: Is developed by his student Gilbert Durand . His works include: Though most of Bachelard's major works on poetics have been translated into English, only about half of his works on the philosophy of science have been translated. Bachelard influenced many subsequent French philosophers, among them Michel Foucault , Louis Althusser , Dominique Lecourt and Jacques Derrida , as well as the sociologists Pierre Bourdieu and Bruno Latour . Bar-sur-Aube Bar-sur-Aube ( French: [baʁ syʁ ob] , literally Bar on Aube )
306-509: Is therefore not primitive, but built (VI, 2). These themes led Bachelard to support a sort of constructivist epistemology . Bachelard was a rationalist in the Cartesian sense, although he recommended his "non-Cartesian epistemology" as a replacement for the more standard Cartesian epistemology. He compared "scientific knowledge" to ordinary knowledge in the way we deal with it, and saw error as only illusion: "Scientifically, one thinks truth as
340-501: Is thus impossible to examine an immobile thing, which was precisely the condition for knowledge according to the classical theory of knowledge (Becoming being impossible to be known, in accordance with Aristotle and Plato 's theories of knowledge ). In non-Cartesian epistemology, there is no "simple substance" as in Cartesianism , but only complex objects built by theories and experiments and continuously improved (VI, 4). Intuition
374-507: The Competition of cities and villages in Bloom . Bar-sur-Aube is located some 30 km west by north-west of Chaumont and 25 km south-east of Brienne-le-Château . Access to the commune is by the D619 road from Ailleville in the north-west which passes through the centre of the commune and the town before continuing east to Lignol-le-Château . The D396 branches off the D619 south-east of
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#1732859133280408-553: The Counts of Champagne the town was of great importance with the Champagne fairs where merchants from Flanders and Italy traded Oriental spices and silk for textiles and raw materials from the north of Europe in mid-February and mid-April. The town was then joined to the crown of France. In 1318 Philip V the Tall sold the town to Jacques de Croÿ, residents bought it themselves to ensure that
442-640: The University of Paris . On 25 August 1937 he was made a Knight of the Legion of Honor . He became a professor at the Sorbonne from 1940 to 1954. He held the chair of the history and philosophy of science, where he succeeded Abel Rey, director of the Institute of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (IHST), which in 1992 became IHPST. When he was appointed to the Sorbonne as a university professor and director of
476-434: The imagination . The Psychoanalysis of Fire (1938) and The Poetics of Space (1958) are among the most popular of his works: Jean-Paul Sartre cites the former and Bachelard's Water and Dreams in his Being and Nothingness (1943), and the latter had a wide reception in architectural theory circles, and continues to be influential in literary theory and creative writing. In philosophy, this nocturnal side of his work
510-400: The scientific object should be constructed and therefore different from the positivist sciences ; in other words, information is in continuous construction. Empiricism and rationalism are not regarded as dualism or opposition but complementary, therefore studies of a priori and a posteriori , or in other words reason and dialectic , are part of scientific research. Bachelard
544-529: The Institute for the History of Science and Technology in 1940, he accompanied his daughter in her higher educations. In 1958, he became a member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium . Bachelard married Jeanne Rossi, a schoolteacher, in 1914. She was transferred to Voigny . His daughter Suzanne was born on 18 October. He travelled the six kilometers to Bar-sur-Aube on foot every day,
578-656: The chief town of the district from 1790 to 1800. The city and surrounding area was the scene of the Battle of Bar-sur-Aube towards the end of the Napoleonic era on 27 February 1814. In 1911 the Champagne riots of the Aube winegrowers and the Marnais traders to keep the vineyards in the Appellation d'origine contrôlée of "Champagne". Parti per pale, at 1 Gules, a barbel Argent; at 2 Azure,
612-557: The college of Sézanne , but turned away from teaching to consider a career in telegraphy . Literary by training, he took the technological path before moving towards science and mathematics . In particular, he was fascinated by the great discoveries of the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century ( radioactivity , quantum and wave mechanics , relativity , electromagnetism and wireless telegraphy ). Discharged in March 1919 and unemployed, Bachelard searched and obtained
646-412: The college of Bar-sur-Aube until 1930. He even participated in the municipal elections of 1929 to defend the project of a college for all. He nevertheless accepted a professorship at the University of Burgundy when his daughter Suzanne entered the second degree. from 1930 to 1940 he was a professor at the University of Dijon and then was appointed chair in the history and philosophy of science at
680-455: The commune coming from Vendeuvre-sur-Barse to the west to Bricon in the south-east with a station in the town. With a substantial urban area in the west and some forest in the south the commune is mostly farmland. The Aube river flows through the commune and the town from south-east to north-west continuing to eventually join the Seine at Marcilly-sur-Seine . The Bresse also flows through
714-412: The commune coming from the north-east and forming a small part of the northern border before joining the Aube at the north-western tip of the commune. The area was attested in the form castro barro in the 7th century and Barri villa in 932. Bar comes from a Gallic word meaning "summit" and is perhaps even older (pre-Gallic). Bar-sur-Aube appears as Bar sur Aube on the 1750 Cassini Map and
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#1732859133280748-476: The discontinuity at work in the history of sciences. However the term "epistemological break" itself is almost never used by Bachelard but became famous through Louis Althusser . He showed that new theories integrated old theories in new paradigms , changing the sense of concepts (for instance, the concept of mass , used by Newton and Einstein in two different senses). Thus, non-Euclidean geometry did not contradict Euclidean geometry , but integrated it into
782-444: The fields of poetics and the philosophy of science . To the latter, he introduced the concepts of epistemological obstacle and epistemological break ( obstacle épistémologique and rupture épistémologique ). He influenced many subsequent French philosophers, among them Michel Foucault , Louis Althusser , Dominique Lecourt and Jacques Derrida , as well as the sociologists Pierre Bourdieu and Bruno Latour . For Bachelard,
816-425: The historical rectification of a persistent error, and experiments as correctives for an initial, common illusion ( illusion première )." The role of epistemology is to show the history of the (scientific) production of concepts . Those concepts are not just theoretical propositions: they are simultaneously abstract and concrete , pervading technical and pedagogical activity. This explains why "The electric bulb
850-527: The history and philosophy of science in such works as Le nouvel esprit scientifique ("The New Scientific Spirit", 1934) and La formation de l'esprit scientifique ("The Formation of the Scientific Mind", 1938) were based on his vision of historical epistemology as a kind of psychoanalysis of the scientific mind. In the English-speaking world , the connection Bachelard made between psychology and
884-547: The history of science has been little understood. Bachelard demonstrated how the progress of science could be blocked by certain types of mental patterns, creating the concept of obstacle épistémologique ("epistemological obstacle"). One task of epistemology is to make clear the mental patterns at use in science, in order to help scientists overcome the obstacles to knowledge. Another goal is to “give back to human reason its function of agitation and aggressiveness” as Bachelard put it in ‘L'engagement rationaliste’ (1972). Bachelard
918-425: The king could no longer sell or alienate the lands. When Charles V besieged Saint-Dizier the inhabitants of nearby villages came under his protection. The town suffered a long plague in 1636 which led to the end of the fair. In 1862 the fortifications were demolished and the boulevard du tour put in their place. The French Revolution was well received in the commune and the convents disappeared. It became
952-675: The same on the 1790 version. The existence of Bar-sur-Aube goes back to ancient times. There are remains of an oppidum from the Iron Age . A coin with the image of a horse in the name of Togirix (Chief of the Lingones ) was discovered on the Sainte Germaine hill. In Roman times the town appeared on the Tabula Peutingeriana under the name of Segessera . Some remains from the 1st to the 4th century including villas have been discovered in
986-454: The town and goes south to Juvancourt . The D4 goes south-west from the town to Couvignon . The D13 comes from Fontaine in the south and passes through the town before continuing north-east to Colombé-la-Fosse . The D384 goes north to Ville-sur-Terre while the D73 branches off it in the town and goes to Arrentières . in the north. The TER Grand Est Troyes to Chalindrey railway passes through
1020-552: The town and surrounding areas. Segessera seemed to have existed from the Roman period to the first Lyonnais in the territory of the Lingones. The city was devastated by Attila . After the division of the kingdom of Clovis by his son the town became part of Austrasia . Under Charles the Bald several varieties of coins were issued with the name of the city on the reverse. During the period of
1054-652: Was born in Bar-sur-Aube , France in 1884. He was a postal clerk in Bar-sur-Aube, and then studied physics and chemistry before finally becoming interested in philosophy . To obtain his doctorate ( doctorat ès lettres ) in 1927, he wrote two theses: the main one, Essai sur la connaissance approchée , under the direction of Abel Rey , and the complementary one, Étude sur l'évolution d'un problème de physique: la propagation thermique dans les solides , supervised by Léon Brunschvicg . He first taught from 1902 to 1903 at
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1088-470: Was critical of Auguste Comte 's positivism , which considered science as a continual progress . To Bachelard, scientific developments such as Einstein's theory of relativity demonstrated the discontinuous nature of the history of sciences . Thus models that framed scientific development as continuous, such as that of Comte and Émile Meyerson , seemed simplistic and erroneous to Bachelard. Through his concept of "epistemological break", Bachelard underlined
1122-649: Was provided a very useful education, and enrolled for a philosophy degree. Jeanne died in June 1920, and Bachelard raised his daughter alone. Despite the gender role expectations at the time, Bachelard showed great concern in supporting his daughter's development into an academic career. Counter to stereotypes, he wanted to make his daughter, Suzanne, a scholar. Suzanne became a mathematician and philosopher involved in phenomenological and epistemological research of high standing. In 1962, he died in Paris . Bachelard's studies of
1156-484: Was that modern sciences had replaced the classical ontology of the substance with an "ontology of relations", which could be assimilated to something like a process philosophy . For instance, the physical concepts of matter and rays correspond, according to him, to the metaphysical concepts of the thing and of movement; but whereas classical philosophy considered both as distinct, and the thing as ontologically real, modern science can not distinguish matter from rays. It
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