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66-453: 49°11′31″N 123°57′16″W / 49.192011°N 123.954556°W / 49.192011; -123.954556 Departure Bay is a bay in central Nanaimo, British Columbia , on the east coast of Vancouver Island . The surrounding neighbourhood is also referred to as "Departure Bay" —once a settlement of its own, it was amalgamated into the City of Nanaimo in the 1970s. The bay is framed to
132-456: A Spanish naval officer, Francisco de Eliza , in 1791. The area was nonetheless referred to by the local native population as "Stil'ilup" . The bay and surrounding area received an approximation of its present English moniker in approximately 1852: "Departure Harbour;" responsible for the naming were representatives of the Hudson's Bay Company . Later, in approximately 1855, maps were published showing
198-638: A U.S. businessman in the black powder industry. In order to provide the massive amounts of explosives needed to build the Canadian Pacific Railway , a new dynamite factory was opened in McMasterville, Quebec . Other black powder plants were acquired in Quebec and the Maritimes and, in 1890, the company opened the first explosives plant in the far west, near Nanaimo, British Columbia . Another major ancestor
264-547: A bird sanctuary located in the middle of the city. The marsh covers approximately 100 acres (40 ha). Within this is the 46-acre (19 ha) "Buttertubs Marsh Conservation Area", owned by the Nature Trust of British Columbia. Like much of coastal British Columbia, Nanaimo experiences a temperate climate with mild, rainy winters and warm, dry summers. Due to its relatively dry summers, the Köppen climate classification places it at
330-538: A bureau for CIVI-DT ( CTV 2 Victoria, cable channel 12) and a satellite office for CHEK-DT ( Independent , cable channel 6). Nanaimo is also served by the Jim Pattison Group 's CHWF-FM (The Wolf) and CKWV-FM (The Wave), as well as CHLY-FM , an independent community campus radio station and Vista Radio 's CKAY-FM (ICON Radio). CBC Radio One is heard over CBU from Vancouver, with CBU-FM ( CBC Music ) and CBCV-FM available as HD Radio signals. In
396-404: A high speed passenger-only ferry service between downtown Nanaimo and downtown Vancouver. Travel time between the cities is 75 minutes. Highways 1 , 19 , and 19A traverse the city. Highway 19 (Nanaimo Parkway) acts as an expressway bypass to the west of Nanaimo while Highway 1, then Highway 19A traverses the length of Nanaimo as an arterial road within the city proper. Bus service in the city
462-428: A history of Japanese fish canneries and salteries. In 1853 both islands were named after sailors on HMS Virago . Snake Island is a located just outside the mouth of the bay. The "Departure Bay" neighbourhood surrounds most of the bay; though the north-eastern shoreline is referred to as Stephenson Point, named after Chief Constable Donald Stephenson. The BC Ferry terminal (itself referred to simply as "Departure Bay")
528-511: A mineshaft. The resulting explosion destroyed the above ground workings of the mine and fractured the rock down to where the miners were working causing the mine to start flooding with water. The explosion was so great, windows all over Nanaimo were shattered, debris was propelled into town, and the post office clock stopped working at 1:55. The citizens of Nanaimo demanded an inquiry on manufacturing, storage, and transportation of powder in Nanaimo. In
594-499: A subsidiary of Imperial Chemical Industries until ICI was purchased by AkzoNobel . The oldest direct ancestor of what would become CIL originally started in 1862, then known as the Hamilton Powder Company . They were created to buy the assets of the former Canada Powder Company , which had formed in 1852. Their major product was black powder , used for blasting. In 1878 the company was purchased by Dr. Thomas C. Brainerd,
660-583: Is a JrK-grade 12 Independent (private) school accredited as an International Baccalaureate World School and offers the IB Primary Years, IB Middle Years and IB Diploma programme and received a 10 out of 10 by the IB Organization (IBO) in 2011. The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique operates two Francophone schools, École Océane primary school and the École secondaire de Nanaimo . The main campus of Vancouver Island University
726-540: Is a city of about 100,000 on the east coast of Vancouver Island , in British Columbia , Canada. "The Harbour City" was previously known as the "Hub City", which was attributed to its original layout design with streets radiating from the shoreline like the spokes of a wagon wheel, and to its relatively central location on Vancouver Island. Nanaimo is the headquarters of the Regional District of Nanaimo . Nanaimo
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#1732838572816792-694: Is about 111 kilometres (69 mi) north-west of Victoria , and 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of Vancouver , separated by the Strait of Georgia , and linked to Vancouver via the Horseshoe Bay BC Ferries terminal in West Vancouver and the Duke Point terminal to the Tsawwassen ferry terminal in Tsawwassen . As the site of the main ferry terminal, Nanaimo is the gateway to many other destinations both on
858-544: Is higher than the national median at $ 341,556. The average (after-tax) household income in Nanaimo is $ 48,469, lower than the national median at $ 54,089. The median individual income is $ 34,702, which is also lower than the national median ($ 38,977). The unemployment rate was 7.7%. Nanaimo's population is predominantly Anglophone . As of the 2016 census 86.7% of residents claimed English as their mother tongue. Other common first languages were Chinese Languages (2.0%), French (1.3%), German (1.2%) and Punjabi (1.0%). According to
924-403: Is located in Nanaimo, which brings many international students, mostly East Asian, to the city. Canadian Industries Limited Canadian Industries Limited , also known as C-I-L , is a Canadian chemicals manufacturer. Products include paints , fertilizers and pesticides , and explosives . It was formed in 1910 by the merger of five Canadian explosives companies. It was until recently
990-635: Is on the southern shore of the bay. The earliest people in the region were the First Nations group known as the Snuneymuxw . It was reported in 1970 that evidence showed that the area had been inhabited for at least the whole of the last 2000 years relatively consistently. The area was first explored by the Spanish between the 1770s and 1790s. The whole area, including Northumberland Channel, Nanaimo Harbour , and Departure Bay were named "Bocas de Winthuysen" by
1056-424: Is provided by Nanaimo Regional Transit and offers city-wide service as well as region service connecting Parksville and Qualicum Beach to the north, and Ladysmith and Duncan to the south. The Island Rail Corridor passes through Nanaimo and has a base of operations and yard in the downtown waterfront area. The Nanaimo Port Authority operates the inner Harbour Basin marina providing mooring for smaller vessels and
1122-514: Is served by the Island Highway along the east coast, the BC Ferries system, and its regional airport . It is also on the dormant Island Rail Corridor . The Indigenous peoples of the area that is now known as Nanaimo are the Snuneymuxw . An anglicized spelling and pronunciation of that word gave the city its current name. The first Europeans known to reach Nanaimo Harbour were members of
1188-511: The 2012 federal electoral redistribution . In the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia , Nanaimo is represented by the ridings of Nanaimo ( Sheila Malcolmson , BC NDP ), Nanaimo-North Cowichan ( Doug Routley , BC NDP ) and Parksville-Qualicum ( Adam Walker , BC NDP ). Leonard Krog resigned in 2018 to accept the position of Mayor of Nanaimo. In response, Sheila Malcolmson resigned from federal politics and successfully ran for
1254-414: The 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Nanaimo had a population of 99,863 living in 43,164 of its 45,138 total private dwellings, a change of 10.3% from its 2016 population of 90,504. With a land area of 90.45 km (34.92 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,104.1/km (2,859.5/sq mi) in 2021. At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census,
1320-459: The 2021 census , religious groups in Nanaimo included: The original economic driver was coal mining; however, the forestry industry supplanted it in the early 1960s with the building of the MacMillan Bloedel pulp mill at Harmac in 1958, named after Harvey MacMillan . Today the pulp mill is owned by the employees and local investors and injects well over half a million dollars a day into
1386-647: The Cadboro . Construction of the Nanaimo Bastion began in 1853 and was finished in 1855. On 27 November 1854, 24 coal miners and their families from England arrived at the settlement aboard the Beaver and Recovery . They had travelled seven months on the ship Princess Royal arriving at Esquimalt two days earlier. They transferred to the two smaller vessels for the trip to Colvile Town. They were greeted by Joseph William McKay and 21 Scottish miners. During World War I,
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#17328385728161452-544: The House of Commons of Canada , Nanaimo is represented by Lisa Marie Barron of the NDP , representing the riding of Nanaimo—Ladysmith since the 2021 election . The city was split into two separate ridings, Nanaimo—Cowichan ( Jean Crowder , New Democratic Party ), which includes South Nanaimo and Cassidy, and Nanaimo—Alberni ( James Lunney , Independent elected as a Conservative ), which includes North Nanaimo and Lantzville, until
1518-634: The Lower Mainland at Horseshoe Bay . As a major connector to Vancouver , Departure Bay is the most heavily used Island terminal north of Swartz Bay . Whenever necessary, Departure Bay can act as a backup dock for the ferry to Gabriola Island . Between 1990 and 1997, Departure Bay was also the Island terminus for the "Mid-Island Express" route to Tsawwassen , before being replaced by the newer Duke Point terminal. Nanaimo, British Columbia Nanaimo ( / n ə ˈ n aɪ m oʊ / nə- NY -moh )
1584-519: The 1791 Spanish voyage of Juan Carrasco , under the command of Francisco de Eliza . They gave it the name Bocas de Winthuysen after naval officer Francisco Javier Winthuysen y Pineda . When the British Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) established a settlement here in 1852, they named it Colvile Town after HBC governor Andrew Colvile . In 1858 it was renamed as Nanaimo, after the local indigenous people. The city has been called "The Harbour City" since
1650-405: The 1860s, the area was relatively populous, due in-part to the surrounding mining operations. When the mining operations later ceased (moving further away to Extension ), what was once a "booming little port" became "virtually uninhabited." Until as late as the 1940s, the area remained a relatively insignificant neighbour of Nanaimo. Cilaire is a neighbourhood along Departure Bay that was built in
1716-646: The 1950s, when the Black Ball Ferries of Captain Alexander M. Peabody's Puget Sound Navigation Company began to service the area between Departure Bay and Horseshoe Bay with the ships Kahloke and Chinook . In the late 1950s, during a time of labour unrest in the industry, Premier Bennett started a governmental ferry service, then known as the British Columbia Toll Authority Ferry System . Departure Bay remained being served by
1782-607: The 1960s as part of Mayor Frank Ney 's Great National Land and Investment Corporation. It included 220 lots and magnificent views of Departure Bay. The subdivision was built at the site of a former dynamite plant. By the late 1880s, with coal mining expanding, there was a significant demand for blasting powder. In 1890, the Hamilton Powder Company , which was founded in 1862 in Hamilton, Ontario , bought 156 acres of land in Northfield, four miles out of Nanaimo, to produce powder. The plant
1848-544: The Black Ball Line until it was bought by the government ferry corporation on November 30 1961. Since the earliest European settlements, the area has been a relatively busy port, for itself and the surrounding communities. The Trans-Canada Highway on Vancouver Island terminates in the north at Departure Bay, where a BC Ferry terminal is located. Ferries out of Departure Bay connect the Trans-Canada Highway to
1914-604: The Canadian Explosives Company (CXL). This was a major supplier to the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I , which led to the building of a new factory in the newly christened Nobel, Ontario in 1914. CXL also operated another plant across the highway on behalf of British Cordite Limited . All of the Nobel plants closed after the war in 1922, when secondary markets were not forthcoming. Then all
1980-488: The Departure Bay works. The ignition took place in the drying and weighing room where the gun cotton was stored. That concussion then set off the gelignite building 400 feet away, where a large quantity of high explosives was stored. Both buildings were wrecked and twelve men were killed. Their bodies were unidentifiable. ... [This] explosion at the Departure Bay powder works launched a piece of railway track 80 metres through
2046-627: The Nanaimo CMA had a population of 115,459 living in 49,348 of its 51,568 total private dwellings, a change of 10% from its 2016 population of 104,936 . With a land area of 1,279.28 km (493.93 sq mi), it had a population density of 90.3/km (233.8/sq mi) in 2021. In 2016, the average age of a Nanaimoite is 45.5 years old, higher than the national median at 41.2. In Nanaimo, there are 40,885 private dwellings, 39,165 which are occupied by usual residents (95.8% occupancy rate). The median value of these dwellings are $ 359,760, which
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2112-490: The W. E. Mills Landing and Marina providing mooring for larger vessels. The Port Authority also operates two terminal facilities one at Assembly Wharf (near the downtown core) and the second at Duke Point for cargo operations. In 2011, the Authority completed the addition of a $ 22 million cruise ship terminal at Assembly Wharf capable of handling large cruise ships including providing Canada Border Services Agency clearance. In
2178-517: The air with such force that it wrapped itself around a tree ... like a corkscrew. In 1910, the Hamilton Powder Company merged with six other companies to form Canadian Explosives Limited (CXL). In the winter of 1913, another massive explosion occurred. On 14 January, the SS Oscar was loaded with dynamite, black powder, and coal bound for Howe Sound . The ship got as far as Entrance Island at
2244-586: The approach of World War II , the company formed a subsidiary in September 1939 called Defence Industries Limited . Cartridge plants were opened on Park Avenue in Brownsburg, Quebec with government funding and the technical assistance of the Dominion Cartridge Company . A cannon shell factory (and the entire nearby town itself) was built at Ajax, Ontario (nicknamed "Dilville"). They opened new plants on
2310-571: The area, including Nanaimo, Departure Bay, and Newcastle Island. The first major ferry operation in the area was that of the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company , which maintained a route between Vancouver Island and the Lower Mainland between 1893 and 1901. In 1901, the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company was purchased by the Canadian Pacific Railway . The route stayed in operation as the sole service until
2376-484: The city fed it a wealth of information about its buildings, property lines, utilities and streets. The result is earth.nanaimo.ca, a wealth of city data viewed through the Google Earth 3D mapping program. Their Open Data Catalogue is available at data.nanaimo.ca. Nanaimo has over 30 elementary and secondary schools, most of which are public and are operated by School District 68 Nanaimo-Ladysmith . Aspengrove School
2442-434: The community and 4,000 shareholders from across Canada combined forces and bought a site for the third Chinatown, at a new location focused on Pine Street. That third Chinatown burned down on 30 September 1960 but it was by then mostly derelict and abandoned. A fourth Chinatown, also called Lower Chinatown or "new town", boomed for a while in the 1920s on Machleary Street. Located on the east coast of Vancouver Island, Nanaimo
2508-465: The community of Departure Bay was amalgamated with the City of Nanaimo, based on a popular vote of only 52 percent in favour. In actuality, 61 percent of Departure Bay residents voted against the change; nonetheless, the greater vote from the populace of Nanaimo (which was to see its personal taxes lowered as a result—while Departure Bay's would be likewise increased) overcame the resistance. The Pacific Biological Station , located on Hammond Bay Road on
2574-463: The edge of Nanaimo Harbour when Captain Alexander McDonald realised the weather was too bad to proceed and there was a fire near the ship's boilers. The captain turned the ship around and headed for Douglas Island with the idea of beaching the vessel. He ran the ship aground at Execution Point (renamed Gallows Point in 1960) and he and his crew used a ladder to escape the ship and hide down
2640-409: The exclusive right to mine it. Chief Wun-wun-shum offered to sell coal for five barrels in exchange for one blanket. The HBC representative Joseph William McKay deemed this "impertinent". The Snuneymuxw retained their rights to the resource for a while, but gradually lost them due to other tribes and miners from the failed Port Rupert project. By 1852, the first shipment of Nanaimo coal was loaded on
2706-414: The immediate lee of the coastal ranges as far north as Skagway, Alaska . Heavy snowfall does occasionally occur during winter, with a record daily total of 74 centimetres (29.13 in) on 12 February 1975, but the mean maximum cover is only 20 centimetres (7.9 in). The highest temperature ever recorded in Nanaimo was 40.6 °C (105 °F) on 16 July 1941. The coldest temperature ever recorded
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2772-482: The lead-up to Expo 86 . The HBC attempted to start a coal mine at Port Rupert but the project had been unsuccessful. In 1850 Snuneymuxw Chief Che-wich-i-kan, commonly known as "Coal Tyee", brought samples of coal to Victoria. A company clerk was dispatched and eventually the governor James Douglas visited the future site of Nanaimo. While open to selling coal, the Snuneymuxw wished to retain control of it and retain
2838-559: The local economy and makes the entire area smell like sulfur multiple times a year. The largest employer is the provincial government. The service, retail and tourism industries are also big contributors to the local economy. Technological development on Nanaimo has been growing with companies such as "Inuktun" and the establishment of government-funded Innovation Island as a site to help Nanaimo-based technological start ups by giving them access to tools, education and venture capital. The average sale price of houses in Nanaimo for 2011
2904-534: The mining operations in nearby Wellington. During the development of Departure Bay, many mining companies were active in the area, including the Departure Bay Mining Company, the Harewood Coal Company, and the aforementioned Vancouver Coal Company. The Hudson's Bay Company also operated mines in the area. Early in the modern history of Departure Bay, in the decades after the first settlements in
2970-540: The modern "Departure Bay ." In approximately 1861, the first known settlers of European origin made Departure Bay their home; they were William Joseph Hughes, Samuel Harris, and John and Barbara Christie. To obtain land they used what was known as " pre-emption ," a historical method the Crown used to quickly sell previously un-surveyed land. In the late 1860s, coal was discovered in the Wellington area, and Departure Bay became
3036-513: The north shore of Departure Bay, was established in 1908, with the Rev. George William Taylor as its first director and sole employee. It is the oldest fisheries research centre on the Pacific coast . Operated by Fisheries and Oceans Canada , the station forms a network with eight other scientific facilities. The earliest ferries to use the port were local ships, travelling short routes between locations in
3102-504: The northern part of the island— Tofino , Comox Valley , Parksville , Campbell River , Port Alberni , Rathtrevor Beach Provincial Park —and off its coast— Saysutshun , Protection Island , Gabriola Island , Valdes Island , and many other of the Gulf Islands . A private passenger ferry service connecting to Vancouver, named Hullo , began operating in August 2023. Buttertubs Marsh is
3168-548: The northernmost limits of the Csb or warm-summer Mediterranean zone. Other climate classification systems, such as Trewartha , place it firmly in the Oceanic zone ( Do ). Nanaimo is usually shielded from the Aleutian Low 's influence by the mountains of central Vancouver Island, so that summers are unusually dry for its latitude and location—though summer drying as a trend is found in
3234-561: The predecessor of CXL had established a dynamite plant on James Island , B.C. off the coast of Vancouver Island and near the town of Sidney, B.C. The plant was later reacquired by CIL and produced explosives until its closure in 1972. In 1954 C-I-L was divided into two separate companies in accordance with the ruling of a U.S. court which had ordered E. I. du Pont de Nemours (today's DuPont ) to end its joint interests with Imperial Chemical Industries Limited (ICI). Until 2010, C-I-L operated as part of Imperial Chemical Industries. In 2010 ICI
3300-470: The provincial government established an Internment camp for Ukrainian detainees, many of them local, at a Provincial jail in Nanaimo. It operated from September 1914 to September 1915. In the 1940s, lumber supplanted coal as the main business. Minetown Days have been celebrated in the neighbouring community of Lantzville to highlight some of the locale's history. In the late nineteenth century, numerous immigrants came from China and settled here. What
3366-530: The rights to CIL's popular Dominion, Imperial and Canuck commercial ammunition brands. Another of their manufacturing facilities, the Millhaven Fibres plant, was formerly located in Millhaven, west of Kingston, Ontario . The C-I-L lawn and garden chemical brand was owned by Sure-Gro Inc. of Brantford, Ontario, Canada. Their other brands included Nature Mix, Green Earth, Wilson and Alaskan Ice Melter. Sure-Gro
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#17328385728163432-898: The site formerly used by British Cordite in Nobel. The Nobel site employed 4,300 people at its peak, and the company as a whole employed 33,000. On 3 May 1944, a CIL sulfuric acid plant in Sudbury, Ontario was certified as unionized by Mine-Mill Local 598. Because so many working-age men were fighting overseas in the armed forces, these plants employed large numbers of women. At the Ajax DIL plant about 7,000 women filled more than 40 million shells. A great post-war building program geared C-I-L to meet peacetime needs for explosives, paints, agricultural and industrial chemicals, plastics, sporting ammunition and man-made textile fabrics. The Nobel plants were once again closed, and this time sold off to Orenda Aerospace for use in jet engine development. In 1913
3498-479: The spring of 1913, CXL purchased James Island in Haro Strait with plans to move its operations out of Departure Bay. It was expected to take two years, but due to World War I, it took until May 1919 for the operations at Departure Bay to be decommissioned. In 1927, Canadian Explosives Limited changed its name to Canadian Industries Limited (CIL). The name-sake for Cil aire comes from this. Between 1974 and 1975,
3564-495: The terminus of the rail system shipping coal from the mines. Soon, supporting offices and wharves appeared in the area. Later, in the 1870s, coal was discovered closer to the bay itself, and the Vancouver Coal Company set up further operations in the area. As an example of the significance of this area and its commercial operations, the first phone in British Columbia was set up connecting a coal wharf in Departure Bay with
3630-420: The two plants was called Black Powder Road and dangerous goods were regularly transported by wagon along the road. In 1896, a wagon transporting nitroglycerine and other explosives along the blew up, killing the driver and horses. Accidents and loss of life became common place. ...on the morning of January 14, 1903, the deadliest explosion ever, in terms of loss of life, occurred when two massive explosions rocked
3696-403: The vacated position. The mayor of Nanaimo is currently Leonard Krog , who replaced Bill Mackay in 2018. The most well-known mayor Nanaimo ever had was Frank J. Ney , who instigated Nanaimo's well-known bathtub races, which he regularly attended dressed as a pirate. There is a statue to commemorate Ney—dressed in his pirate costume—at Swy-a-Lana Lagoon, which is on the Nanaimo waterfront. Ney
3762-527: The waterfront conference centre's construction running over its proposed budget. Nanaimo has also been experiencing job growth in the technology sector. Nanaimo is served by one newspaper: the Nanaimo News Bulletin (33,000 copies twice a week—audited), which is owned by Black Press . The Harbour City Star , also owned by publisher Black Press, was closed in 2016. On 29 January 2016, the 141-year-old Nanaimo Daily News , shut down. Nanaimo also hosts
3828-404: The west by Vancouver Island and to the south-east by Saysutshun (formerly Newcastle Island) , a provincial marine park with a long history of mining, quarrying, herring salteries, and tourism. Jesse Island (9 acres or 3.6 hectares) and the smaller Brandon Islands are located near the northern shore of the bay. Both islands, though quite small, have varied histories; Brandon Island being notable for
3894-554: Was also an MLA for the Social Credit party while he was also mayor. An elementary school has been named in his honour. Mark Bate became Nanaimo's first mayor in 1875. He served an additional 15 one-year terms as mayor (1875–1879, 1881–1886, 1888–1889, and 1898–1900). The city's planning department has steadily produced enough municipal data to warrant a Time magazine article on open-government . Nanaimo has been dubbed "the capital of Google Earth". Working directly with Google ,
3960-485: Was approximately $ 350,000. A recent surge of higher-density real estate development, centred in the Old City / Downtown area, as well as construction of a city-funded waterfront conference centre, has proven controversial. Proponents of these developments argue that they will bolster the city's economy, while critics worry that they will block waterfront views and increase traffic congestion. Concerns have also been raised about
4026-442: Was bought by AkzoNobel , a Dutch chemical company. Then in 2014, AkzoNobel's North American architectural coatings division was acquired by PPG Industries and has operated as PPG Architectural Coatings Canada since. The CIL brand is sold in major Canadian retailers Home Depot , Canadian Tire , Walmart and Rona / Réno-Dépôt . In 1976 Industries Valcartier Inc. bought out CIL's commercial cartridge production. This granted them
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#17328385728164092-413: Was called Northfield Powder Works. In 1892, demand was still increasing so the Hamilton Powder Company built a second explosives (mainly nitroglycerine , black powder , dynamite , and stumping powder ) manufacturing plant on 100 acres on the shore of Departure Bay. The production of black powder was relatively dangerous, and the death of employees was frequently the result of accidents. The road between
4158-525: Was known as the first Chinatown in Nanaimo was founded during the gold rush years of the 1860s; it was the third largest in British Columbia. In 1884, because of mounting racial tensions related to the Dunsmuir coal company's hiring of Chinese strikebreakers, the company helped move Chinatown to a location outside city limits. In 1908, when two Chinese entrepreneurs bought the site and tried to raise rents,
4224-586: Was lost in a huge fire in 1923. During the 1920s they diversified into paint and varnish, coated fabrics and plastics and changed their name in 1927 to Canadian Explosives Ltd. (CEL). In 1928, they re-opened the Nobel plants and acquired the Dominion Cartridge Company. In 1929 CEL merged with the Canadian Salt Co. Ltd. (CSXX), Grasselli Chemical Co. Ltd. (Grasselli), and Mond Nickel Co. (MNX) and changed their name to Canadian Industries Ltd. With
4290-632: Was the Dominion Cartridge Company , started at Brownsburg, Quebec (just west of Montreal) in 1886 by Captain A. L. ("Gat") Howard, who introduced the Gatling gun into Canada and operated a battery of two of the new weapons during the Riel Rebellion . In 1910 Hamilton Powder and Dominion Cartridge merged with the Acadia Powder Company, Ontario Powder Company, Standard Explosives Company, Western Explosives Company and Victoria Chemical Company to form
4356-800: Was −20.0 °C (−4 °F) on 30 December 1968. Nanaimo is served by two airports: Nanaimo Airport (YCD) with services to Vancouver (YVR), Toronto (YYZ), and Calgary (YYC) and Nanaimo Harbour Water Aerodrome (ZNA) with services to Vancouver Harbour (CXH), Vancouver Airport (YVR South Terminal), and Sechelt (YHS); . Nanaimo also has three BC Ferry terminals located at Departure Bay , Duke Point , and downtown . The downtown terminal services Gabriola Island while Departure Bay and Duke Point service Horseshoe Bay and Tsawwassen respectively. A private passenger ferry operates between Nanaimo Harbour and Protection Island. A seasonal passenger ferry operates between Swy-a-Lana Lagoon and Saysutshun (Newcastle Island Marine) Park. Since 2023 Hullo has operated
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