82-584: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation ( DMRC ) is a centre-state joint venture that operates the Delhi Metro and Noida Metro . The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation is also involved in the planning and implementation of metro rail , monorail , and high-speed rail projects in India , and abroad. The work of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation is fragmented into various parts which are controlled by directors under
164-542: A South Korean consortium led by Korea Overseas Infrastructure and Urban Development Corporation with estimate cost of Rp21 trillion (US$ 1.9 billion). The Jakarta MRT is expected to stretch across over 122.8 kilometres (76.3 mi), including 26.7 kilometres (16.6 mi) for the Red line (from Lebak Bulus to Ancol), 84.1 kilometres (52.3 mi) for the Yellow line (from Cikarang to Balaraja), and 12.0 kilometres (7.5 mi) for
246-609: A State violates the Constitution, Presidential rule can be imposed under Article 356 and the President takes over the State's administration with ex post facto consent of the Parliament per Article 357. Article 282 accords financial autonomy in spending financial resources available to the states for public purpose. Article 293 allows States to borrow without limit without consent from
328-476: A financial emergency when the financial stability or credit of the nation or of any part of its territory is threatened. However, no guidelines define "financial emergency" for the country or a state or union territory or a panchayat or a municipality or a corporation. An emergency like this must be approved by the Parliament within two months by a simple majority and has never been declared. A state of financial emergency remains in force indefinitely until revoked by
410-470: A part of any state/UT; (b) the power to establish new states/UT (which were not previously under India's territory) which were not in existence before. Appointment of governors is the responsibility of the Central government through the President. Governors are generally not residents of the state. Should the constitutional machinery in a state break down, Article 356 allows a state of emergency that dissolves
492-637: A policy to reduce and prevent severe congestion. Until then, public transportation in the city mainly consists of the TransJakarta bus rapid transit system, the KRL Commuterline commuter rail, and various types of independent buses; starting from the very small bemo and pickup-truck sized mikrolet , to slightly larger minibuses such as the widely used MetroMini and Kopaja minibuses and full sized city buses . There are also both two and four wheeled taxis . According to Dr. Soetjipto Wirosardjono,
574-604: A public transportation system. An international consortium was formed in August 1995 to prepare a feasibility study of the first line of the MRT system. The consortium is named Indonesian Japanese European Group (IJEG), composed of Itochu Corporation of Japan, German companies Ferrostaal AG, AEG , and Siemens , ABB , Taylor Woodrow , and Indonesian companies such as Bakrie Brothers , Lippo , Bukaka Suthanthabie, Steady Safe, etc. In 1996, President Soeharto 's administration set out to build
656-410: Is Rp.3,000 as the minimum fare and increases by Rp.1,000 with each passing station. A trip spanning the entire existing line in 2019, travelling from Lebak Bulus Station to Bundaran HI Station, would cost a passenger Rp14,000. This fare was expected to come into effect on 1 April 2019. In order to fulfil the need for electronic tickets on MRT operations, A dedicated contactless smart card known as
738-491: Is a rapid transit system in Jakarta , the largest metropolis of Indonesia . The system is operated by PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (Perseroda), a municipally owned perseroan terbatas of the city of Jakarta . Phase 1 of the project ( Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI ) was officially opened on 24 March 2019. Jakarta is the main financial hub and largest city of Indonesia , harbouring 10 million inhabitants, one-third of
820-401: Is a pre-construction loan to prepare the construction phase. It consists of: Phase 2 was funded through a similar loan scheme with a 40 years tenure, allowing a 10 years grace period. The first stage of phase 2 funding ( Rp 9.4 trillion) incurred 0.1% interest per annum. Phase 2A funding (Rp25 trillion) will cover a portion of phase 1 excess expenditure (Rp2.5 trillion). On 24 August 2022, it
902-513: Is as follows. On 27 April 2020, payment and ticket purchases began to be used on the application made by PT MRT Jakarta, namely the MRT-J application. Users of electronic wallets must connect their wallet with an app provided by MRT Jakarta (MRT-J) and buy single trip tickets in the form of QR codes. Payment through this application uses several digital wallet services, namely OVO , Dana , LinkAja , ShopeePay , MotionPay, GoPay , and AstraPay. After
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#1732847558649984-736: Is currently a trial of the new Jak Lingko card and application based on the KRL Commuterline Multi Trip Card and Fello e-wallet. Through the application, users can pay from all e-wallets that are connected to the Indonesian QR Code Standard (QRIS). Jakarta MRT payments can also be made using electronic cards from various banks. The electronic cards include those issued by Himbara, namely Bank BNI, Bank BRI, and Bank Mandiri. In addition, cards provided by Bank DKI and Bank BCA are also accepted by MRT Jakarta. The list of electronic banking cards that can be used in fare payment
1066-415: Is involved with the implementation and/or construction of Kochi Metro , Jaipur Metro , Lucknow Metro , Hyderabad Metro and Patna Metro . The Delhi Metro Rail Academy (erstwhile DMRC Training Institute; renamed to DMRA on 18 September 2019 after a major upgrade) is a dedicated training institute that was set up and inaugurated on 19 July 2002 in the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation's Shastri Park depot . It
1148-550: Is not applicable to J&K state per Article 152 which is yet to be clarified by the Supreme Court. Article 1 (1) of the constitution says India shall be a union of states. The amended (in 1956) Article 3 , allows the union government power with the prior consent of the President (common head of states and union governments) to (a) form a new state/UT by separating a territory of any state, or by uniting two or more states/UTs or parts of states/UTs, or by uniting any territory to
1230-683: Is the benchmark for the route that will later be used for rail transportation in the future, which can use any means of rail transportation such as trams, LRTs or MRTs. Meanwhile, the second is the Central Government Railway with the Jabodebek LRT, KRL Commuterline (with the development of Jatinegara-Manggarai-Tanah Abang-Duri-Angke-Kampung Bandan-Jatinegara into an Elevated Loopline), and the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed train The routes belonging to
1312-516: Is the initial stage of construction of the East–West Line, divided into two stages. Initially, it was planned to stretch for 31.7 km connecting Ujung Menteng with Kembangan. Later, it was revised to connect Medan Satria with Tomang first for phase I stage 1, stretching 24.5 km, and then Kembangan with Tomang for phase I stage 2, stretching 9.2 km. Phase I will be funded by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), after an agreement
1394-616: Is the only metro rail training institute in South Asia. Over its history, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation has trained over 63,000 of its trainees here, along with over 2,000 staff of many organizations, mainly metro rails, from both India and abroad. DMRA's international clients include Jakarta MRT, Indonesia and Dhaka Metro Rail, Bangladesh , while its Indian clients include Namma Metro , Kochi Metro , Chennai Metro , Jaipur Metro , Mumbai Metro , and many more metros and other organizations. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation in partnership with
1476-452: The 1997‒1998 economic crisis . In 2000, the project was resumed after Indonesia's socio-political and economic conditions improved. At that time, the Study on Integrated Transportation Master Plan for Jabodetabek (SITRAMP) phase I was initiated. The main points of SITRAMP I were the reassessment of the MRT project of Fatmawati ‒ Monas route and the installation of the concept for SITRAMP II. At
1558-603: The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi offers a one-year postgraduate diploma in metro technology. The course produces 25 executives of various streams, viz. Electrical, Civil, Architecture, Signalling, and Telecom, a year to staff metros across India. The Indian Institute of Technology Madras also offers a similar course for the Chennai Metro. Federalism in India The Constitution of India establishes
1640-409: The 'Jelajah' can be purchased from the ticketing machines or ticket offices located at every station. This payment card is released in two types of cards, namely cards for single-trip and prepaid cards for multi-trip. Single-trip cards can only be used for one trip and are required to be topped up within a maximum of 7 days after purchase. Meanwhile, multi-trip cards can be used multiple times as long as
1722-505: The Article 368 procedure as constitutional amendments. In case the above lists are to be expanded or amended, the legislation should be done by the Parliament under its constituent power per Article 368 with ratification by the majority of the states. Federalism is part of the basic structure of the Indian constitution which cannot be altered or destroyed through constitutional amendments under
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#17328475586491804-516: The Constitution of India for the state of Jammu and Kashmir, and bifurcated the state into two Union Territories – Jammu and Kashmir , and Ladakh by introducing the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act in the Parliament of India. Though Article 370 abrogation was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2023, statehood was restored from Union Territory. However, Part VI of the constitution applicable to any State
1886-794: The DKI Jakarta Provincial Government are: Apart from that, South Korea 's Hyundai Rotem offers an alternative Outer Ring Line route from Rawa Buaya to Ujung Menteng via Kembangan Station (Integration with the MRT East-West Line), Tanah Kusir Station (integration with the new station on the KRL Rangkasbitung Line), Fatmawati (Integration with the MRT North-South Line), then follow the Fatmawati-TMII route, then continuing back to Cikunir Station (integration with
1968-463: The DKI Jakarta Provincial Government implemented an integrated payment method using the Jak Lingko card and application. This programme is a continuation of the existing OK-Otrip system. This card can also be used for Jakarta LRT , Transjakarta , and KRL Commuter Line . MRT Jakarta accepts all Jak Lingko payments provided by Bank DKI and Himbara member banks such as BRI , BNI and Mandiri . There
2050-640: The DKI Jakarta Provincial Government on 12 November 2021 live at the Jakarta Investment Forum (JIF), the Railway Masterplan 2039 (Concept of DKI Jakarta Transportation Masterplan) will be divided into two based on ownership status. The first is the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government Urban Railway with 14 lines consisting of two MRT lines, six LRT lines and six "Jakarta Urban Railway" lines or PPJ for short. This PPJ
2132-542: The DPR for the proposed Thiruvananthapuram - Mangalore High-Speed Passenger Corridor . In September 2012, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation entered into a partnership with eight other international companies for management consulting for the Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit system. This was the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation's first project outside India. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation stated that its main responsibilities in
2214-593: The East-West line will also be built in phases, with similar system and gauge between the two lines. The line is planned to interchange with the North-South line at Thamrin Station. Architectural design studies have been underway and construction was initially expected to begin in 2020, however it has since been delayed. Groundbreaking ceremony was held on 11 September 2024, with construction to be commenced in 2025. Phase I
2296-878: The Green line (from Fatmawati to TMII). Trains run on the right to match Indonesian railways , which also have a right handed traffic, despite Indonesia has a left handed traffic for roads. The following table lists the MRT lines that are currently operational, under construction or planned as of April 2023. Planned lines are preliminary and could still be altered before entering construction phase. Cikarang TMII Phase 1 connects Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI along 15.7 kilometres (9.8 mi) and consists of 13 stations (7 elevated stations and 6 underground stations). The Indonesian Ministry of Transport approved this plan in September 2010 and invited tenders. Construction began in October 2013. Phase 1
2378-657: The JV were the "finalisation of the organisational structure of the Jakarta Metro, recruitment of personnel, development of training facilities and the training of the employees for various categories required for commencing the operations". In February 2014, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation was invited by the Government of Kuwait to act as a consultant for the proposed metro system in Kuwait City , Kuwait. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
2460-561: The Jabodebek LRT (Cibubur Line). Currently the process has begun for a feasibility study and then a design planning process is carried out. This phase of construction is planned to use the Government Cooperation with Business Entities (KPBU) scheme. It is planned that this line will be built starting in 2025. The Jakarta MRT employs a cashless fare payment system. On 26 March 2019, the Jakarta MRT fares were set. The initial fare
2542-480: The Jakarta MRT was officially operated on 24 March 2019 after being inaugurated by President Joko Widodo. At the same time as the inauguration of the first phase of the North-South Line, President Joko Widodo also launched the construction of the second phase of the North-South Line. The construction process of this second phase, especially phase II-A ( Bunderan HI ‒ Kota Tua ), is considered to be late from
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2624-403: The Jakarta MRT with a 14.5-km and 17-station Blok M ‒ Stasiun Jakarta Kota route, fully built underground. In April 1997, an MOU agreement was signed with Tycoon Bamabang Trihatmodjo (Bimantara Group) for the joining of the consortium planning a US$ 2 billion system. The planned completion was set for 2001, but disputes over financing have delayed the venture. However, this endeavour failed due to
2706-477: The Jakarta MRT. The basic design work of this first line was carried out from 2010 to 2012. On 26 April 2012, the declaration of the preparation of the Jakarta MRT North-South Line project was carried out by then DKI Jakarta Governor, Fauzi Bowo . A year later, on 11 June 2013, the first three project contracts were signed, namely the underground track construction. Meanwhile, the contract for
2788-527: The Jammu and Kashmir state constitution made provision to amend its constitution with a two-thirds majority by the state assembly. Part VI (The states) and Part XIV (Services) of the Indian constitution were not applicable to Jammu and Kashmir per Article 152 and Article 308 . On 5 August 2019, the Government of India, by the powers vested in it by Constitution of India , passed a motion to dissolve Article 370 of
2870-599: The LRT Jabodebek Bekasi Line), Cakung Station (Integration with the KRL Cikarang Line), and Ujung Menteng Station (Integration with the MRT East-West Line). Phase 1 of the project was funded through a soft loan ( Rp 16 trillion) (US$ 1.2 billion) from the JICA with a 30 years tenure and 0.25% interest per annum. The loan number IP is 536 (signed November 2006) for engineering services. The engineering services loan
2952-416: The MRT were only resumed in 2005. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono designated the Jakarta MRT as a national project. From this designation, the preparatory processes for the construction of the first line of the Jakarta MRT began. The Japanese government also agreed to provide a loan for this national project. The process of developing the first line of the Jakarta MRT began when President SBY designated
3034-594: The President Director of MRT Jakarta, William Sabandar, announced plans for the construction of Phase 4. This line will connect Fatmawati with Taman Mini Indonesia Indah for approximately 12 km. This route is considered the most strategic route because there is no rail transportation that passes through this area. Apart from that, this route is planned to be integrated with the Kampung Rambutan Bus Terminal, Tanjung Barat Station (KRL Bogor Line), and
3116-419: The President declaring a financial emergency. Article 47 of Directive Principles of the state policy prohibits intoxicating drinks that are injurious to health but is not enforced. Instead many states promote and tax liquor sales. Jakarta MRT [REDACTED] The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit ( Indonesian : Moda Raya Terpadu Jakarta ) or Jakarta MRT ( MRT Jakarta , stylized as mrt jakarta )
3198-472: The President on the advice of the Union government. Lieutenant Governors can override local government policies only after taking parliament consent. States are at liberty to manage their finances as long as that does not lead to financial emergency as per Article 360. The Government of India is trying to impose uniform taxation throughout India and to take over states' tax collection mechanisms without regard to
3280-431: The President. The President can reduce the salaries of all government officials, including judges of the supreme court and high courts , in cases of a financial emergency. All money bills passed by the state legislatures are submitted to the President for approval. He can direct the state to observe economy measures. States can make agreements among themselves. When a dispute arises with other states or union territory or
3362-491: The Princely States. Second, its constitutional power over the borders. Third, its early compromise of different cultural elements in the first decade. Article 1 (1) says that India is a Union of States as elaborated under Parts V (The Union) and VI (The States) of the Constitution. Article 1 (3) says territories of India constitute states, union territories and other acquired territories. The concept of union territory
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3444-686: The State List, articles 249, 250, 252, and 253 mention situations in which the Parliament can legislate. Concurrent List consists of 52 (earlier 47) items. Uniformity is desirable but not essential on items in this list. The list mentions: marriage and divorce, transfer of property other than agricultural land, education, contracts, bankruptcy and insolvency, trustees and trusts, civil procedure, contempt of court, adulteration of foodstuffs, drugs and poisons, economic and social planning, trade unions, labour welfare, electricity, newspapers, books and printing press NS stamp duties. Subjects not mentioned in any of
3526-427: The Supreme Court, High courts and union public service commission, income tax, customs and export duties, duties of excise, corporation tax, taxes on the capital value of assets, estate duty and terminal taxes. State List consists of 61 items (earlier 66 items). Uniformity is desirable but not essential on items in this list: maintaining law and order, police forces, healthcare, transport, land policies, electricity in
3608-399: The Union government. However, the Union government can insist upon compliance with its loan terms when a state has outstanding loans charged to the consolidated fund of India or a federally-guaranteed loan. The President of India constitutes a Finance Commission every five years to recommend devolution of Union revenues to State governments. Under Article 360 , the President can proclaim
3690-529: The Year (2016) award conferred by All India Management Association (AIMA). The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation was also awarded for its "Outstanding Contribution" for promoting world-class services in Urban Transportation and adopting best practices of Project Management. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation has a business development department for consultancy services. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation has served as
3772-453: The balance in the card is still sufficient. The implementation of the multi-trip Cruise Card as a payment method was approved by Bank Indonesia on 14 November 2019. A refundable Rp15,000 deposit is required to purchase a single journey ticket, in addition to fares required for the journey. The multi-trip card is no longer sold since January 2024 and it's usage will be discontinued on October 31st, 2024. To optimise intermodal transport,
3854-493: The constituent powers of the Parliament without undergoing judicial review by the Supreme Court . The Union and States have independent executive staffs controlled by their respective governments. Per Article 73 and 162 , Union Government has exclusive responsibility in implementing the matters on which Parliament has exclusive role in making laws (ex. Union List). State Government has exclusive responsibility in implementing
3936-469: The construction of Phase 2A, the remains of tracks used for Jakarta's tramway were found. The East–West Line is the second MRT Jakarta line which connects Cikarang in the east with Balaraja in the west via the Central Jakarta area. This line is planned to have 48 stations and a length of approximately 84,102 to 87 km with funding requirements of IDR 160 trillion. Just like the North-South line,
4018-448: The construction of the first two stations of the Phase 2A extension, the administration announced that Phase 2B will consist of two stations and one depot, and was under feasibility studies, with its construction expected to commence in mid-2022. It has since been delayed. Phase 2B is estimated to cost Rp10 trillion. Phase 2A construction started on 22 March 2021. During excavation works for
4100-671: The deputy chairman of the Central Bureau of Statistics, the MRT system has never been a priority for the governors since they are mostly interested in the implementation of the project, and that means the system would take 15 to 20 years to complete. Many studies have been done either by the Germans, the French, the Japanese, or the World Bank , and no decision has been taken regarding the implementation of
4182-494: The direction of a managing director. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. was created on 3 May 1995 with E. Sreedharan serving as its first managing director. Sreedharan handed over charge as managing director of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation to Mangu Singh on 31 December 2011. To mark its 10th anniversary in 2010, Delhi Metro introduced an 8 coach train for the first time. A commemorative souvenir book titled "Delhi Metro: A Decade of Dedication, 10 Years of Metro Operations”
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#17328475586494264-417: The elevated track was signed on 10 October 2013. This event was held in conjunction with the laying of the first stone to mark the start of construction by the new Governor, Joko Widodo . Construction of the entire line was fully completed on 31 October 2017. Starting 12 March 2019, the line was opened to the public in a limited public trial that lasted until just before the inauguration. The first line of
4346-475: The freight equalisation and licensing policies cannot compensate for the ill that has already been done". National laws permit a private/public limited company to raise loans internally and externally to its capacity. The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 limits state borrowing even when they have not defaulted/faced a financial emergency. The employees' salary and pension expenditure of many state governments exceed their total revenue, without
4428-733: The impacts on individual states. Recently the Supreme Court upheld the constitutional right of states to impose an Entry Tax which is against the principle of a general sales tax (GST). Control of industries, which was a subject in the concurrent list in the 1935 act, was transferred to the Union List. The Union government in 1952 introduced the freight equalization policy that damaged many Indian states, including West Bengal, Bihar (including present-day Jharkhand), Madhya Pradesh (including present-day Chhattisgarh), and Orissa. These states lost their competitive advantage of holding mineral resources, as factories could now operate anywhere in India. This
4510-453: The jurisdiction of Union government . Laws enacted by the Parliament of India (including amendments to the constitution) applicable to rest of India were not valid in Jammu and Kashmir unless ratified by its state assembly. The Government of India could declare a state of emergency in Jammu and Kashmir and impose Governor's rule in certain conditions. The state had its own constitution other than applicable Indian constitution. Part XII of
4592-609: The matters on which a state legislature has exclusive role in making laws (ex. State List). Incase both Union and States have powers to make laws (i.e. Concurrent List) on any matter, States have implimentation responsibility on such matters unless Parliament decides to transfer the executive powers to the Union Government. State government has no role in implementing the matters falling in Union List unless mutually agreed upon per Article 258. In legislative and administrative matters,
4674-582: The mobility of the population. Therefore, a mode of transport is needed that accommodates the mobility of people from the Bodetabek area. As of 2010, public transportation in Jakarta served only 56% of commuter trips. This figure must be increased again considering the high growth of the vehicle population. The average growth of motorised vehicles in Jakarta was 9.5%, while the growth of road length only reached 0.1% between 2005 and 2010. This must be addressed with
4756-523: The parliament has exclusive power to legislate. This includes: defense, armed forces, arms and ammunition, atomic energy, foreign affairs, war and peace, citizenship, extradition, railways, shipping and navigation, airways, posts and telegraphs, telephones, wireless and broadcasting, currency, foreign trade, inter-state trade and commerce, banking, insurance, control of industries, regulation and development of mines, mineral and oil resources, elections, audit of Government accounts, constitution and organisation of
4838-407: The population of Greater Jakarta . It is estimated that over four million residents of the surrounding Greater Jakarta area commute to and from the city each working day. Transport issues are attracting increasing political attention with a government goal of increasing the number of trips using public transport to 60% by 2030. The idea of MRT construction in Jakarta has been sparked since 1985 by
4920-494: The powers conferred upon the Union government, those conferred upon the State governments and powers shared among them. This federalism is symmetrical in that the devolved powers of the constituent units are envisioned to be the same. Historically, the state of Jammu and Kashmir was accorded a status different from other States owing to an explicitly temporary provision of the Indian Constitution namely Article 370 (which
5002-637: The previous phase, this second phase has been designed to be built with the concept of a transit-oriented area, making it easier for users to switch modes of transport. Meanwhile, phase II-B (Kota Tua‒ Ancol ) is still under feasibility study. According to the JABODETABEK Urban Transportation Policy Integration Phase (JUTPI) report, the Jabodetabek transportation master plan (RITJ) will eventually form 10 MRT routes, which by 2035 will consist of: Meanwhile, according to
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#17328475586495084-483: The process, prompting the administration to find an alternative location, which will also be designed to house the train depot. On 1 January 2019, the president director of MRT Jakarta, William Sabandar said the city administration had decided to make Kota the final station for Phase 2. The extension was then renamed to Phase 2A. Phase 2A will extend the Red line northwards, from Bundaran HI to Kota and consists of 7 stations over 5.8 kilometres (3.6 mi). The extension
5166-559: The project consultant and has project reports (DPR) for every metro and monorail project in India, except the Kolkata Metro and Chennai MRTS , which were constructed before the formation of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation also provides lighter consultancy operations, such as preparation of DPRs and feasibility reports for proposed systems in places such as Raipur , Amritsar and Nagpur . The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation also serves as consultant and prepared
5248-516: The request of the Government of Indonesia , Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) was entrusted by the Government of Japan to undertake the SITRAMP II study which lasted from November 2001 to March 2004. JICA offered the Fatmawati‒Monas route with several alternative construction designs to the government which were obtained after conducting a feasibility study. However, efforts to build
5330-640: The state government and establishes Presidential rule. No emergency at the centre can dissolve the Union government. Misuse of Article 356 was rampant in the decades following its adoption, during the Indira Gandhi era. In 1991 the Supreme court passed a landmark judgement acknowledging misuse of the article and establishing principles for the Union government to follow before a state emergency can be invoked. The Lieutenant Governors of Union Territories of India are designed as administrators and are appointed by
5412-502: The state, village administration, etc. The state legislature has exclusive power to make laws on these subjects. In certain circumstances, the parliament can make laws on subjects mentioned in the State List, but to do so the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) must pass a resolution with a two-thirds majority that it is expedient to legislate in the national interest. Though states have exclusive powers to legislate with regards to items on
5494-516: The structure of the Indian government, including the relationship between the federal government and state governments. Part XI of the Indian constitution specifies the distribution of legislative, administrative and executive powers between the union government and the States of India . The legislative powers are categorised under a Union List, a State List and a Concurrent List, representing, respectively,
5576-491: The system as a national project. In November 2006, the first loan agreement was signed with JICA (then Japan Bank for International Cooperation or JBIC) for the MRT project. The agreement includes study funding and construction work funding for the first MRT line. On 17 June 2008, the DKI Jakarta Government established PT MRT Jakarta as a regional-owned enterprise company to support the construction and operation of
5658-458: The target. This is due to the Covid-19 pandemic which affects the budget and the contract auction process. As a result, there are several contract packages that are combined and carried out by direct procurement. The first segment construction target, which was originally completed in 2024, is believed to be delayed until 2025. To date, the construction process for this phase is still ongoing. Unlike
5740-633: The then Head of the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (currently the National Research and Innovation Agency ), B.J. Habibie (a man who would later become president ). The BPPT said that population growth in Jakarta declined between 1985 and 1990. However, the growth of Jakarta's satellite cities was high so that the mobility of residents from the capital to Bodetabek was very large. The roads in Jakarta will no longer be able to accommodate
5822-421: The three lists are known as residuary subjects. However, many provisions in the constitution outside these lists permit parliament or state Legislative assembly to legislate. Excluding the provisions of the constitution outside these lists per Article 245 , the power to legislate on such subjects, rests with the parliament exclusively per Article 248. Parliament shall legislate on residuary subjects following
5904-402: The union government cannot overrule the constitutional rights/powers of a state government except when presidential rule is declared in a State. The Union's duty is to ensure that the government of every State is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution per Article 355 and Article 256 . The State governments cannot violate the Central laws in administrative matters. When
5986-584: The union government, the Supreme Court adjudicates per Article 131. However, Article 262 excludes Supreme Court jurisdiction with respect to the adjudication of disputes in the use, distribution or control of interstate river waters . Under Article 263 the President can establish an interstate council to coordinate/resolve disputes between states and the Union. States have their own jurisdiction. According to Kumarasingham, there are three distinctive features of India's federalism. First, its origins in Partition and
6068-519: The user makes a payment, the user only needs to bring the mobile phone closer to the QR code reader at the passenger door so that the door opens automatically. Passengers are required to tap their cards at the fare gates when entering and exiting the paid area of the stations. Since October 2021, the KAI Commuter Multi Trip Card (KMT) can be used on the Jakarta MRT service. However, until now
6150-506: Was revoked by the Parliament in 2019). Union territories are unitary type , directly governed by the Union government. Article 1 (1) of the constitution stipulates two tier-governance with an additional local elected government. Delhi and Puducherry were accorded legislatures under Article 239AA and 239A, respectively. The division of powers are defined by the constitution and the legislative powers are divided into three lists: Union List consists of 100 items (earlier 97) on which
6232-467: Was also released. An exclusive 'METRO SONG-zindagi hai Delhi metro' composed by music director Vaibhav Saxena was also released and played at metro stations and FM stations. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation has made it compulsory to wear safety helmets on construction sites. It also earns carbon credits with rainwater harvesting at metro stations and runs an HIV/AIDS programme for workers. The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation received Outstanding PSU of
6314-627: Was announced that the cost required for Phase 2A has been adjusted to Rp26 trillion (US$ 1.7 billion), up from Rp22.5 trillion. The challenging soil conditions were cited as the reason for the increase. Phase 3 is funded by JICA and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), in January 2023 it was announced that cost required for Phase 3 is Rp160 trillion (US$ 10.6 billion). While ADB will finance the project with up to $ 600 million. The Phase 3 will connect Balaraja and Cikarang. Phase 4 will be funded by
6396-547: Was established by the Seventh Amendment . The state of Jammu and Kashmir had (until it was abolished by Union Government on 5 August 2019) a separate set of applicable laws under Article 370 a temporary article of the Constitution of India , read with Application to Jammu and Kashmir Order, 1954 (Appendix I and II). Only matters related to defense, foreign relations, and communications of Jammu and Kashmir were under
6478-480: Was initially planned to be fully operational by March 2026. However, due to problems securing bidders for the construction and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic , the extension is now targeted to be fully operational by 2028. On 20 February 2019, it was announced that the Red line will be extended further, towards Ancol. The extension was named Phase 2B. On 17 February 2020, during the signing of contract CP201 for
6560-613: Was not the case in the pre-independence era when business houses such as the Tatas and the Dalmias set up industries in these states, and most of the engineering industry was located in West Bengal. Following the end of the policy in the early 1990s, these states did not catch up with more industrialized states. In 1996, the Commerce & Industry Minister of West Bengal complained that "the removal of
6642-547: Was opened for free service on 24 March 2019. Commercial service began on 1 April 2019. Phase 1 is expected to serve 212,000 passengers per day. This expected capacity may be maxed out to 960,000 per day. The 15.7 kilometres (9.8 mi) distance is covered in under 30 minutes. Within its first month of operations, 82,000 passengers used the line daily. Phase 2 was initially planned to extend Bundaran HI to Kampung Bandan in North Jakarta. However, land acquisition issues hindered
6724-530: Was signed on 13 May 2024. Phase II itself will initially have 22 stations, with 14 stations in the Balaraja-Karangtengah segment and 8 stations in Medan Satria-Cikarang segment. Later, the construction of the western segment of the line was revised to Balaraja-Kembangan, while the eastern segment remains the same, with total length of 50.4 km of line to be constructed. In December 2020,
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