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82-450: Pretoria–Maputo railway , also called Delagoa Bay railway , Iron railway and Eastern railway , is a railway that connects the city of Maputo , Mozambique , to the city of Pretoria , in South Africa . It is 567 km long, in 1067 mm gauge . The Mozambican section, between Maputo and Ressano Garcia , is managed by the state-owned Mozambique Ports and Railways (CFM) company, and it

164-411: A hot semi-arid climate ( BSh ). Maputo is a relatively dry city, averaging 829.6 millimetres (32.7 inches) of precipitation per year. Precipitation is abundant during summer and sparse during winter. The city has a relatively warm climate averaging a mean temperature of 22.8 °C (73.0 °F). The hottest month is January with a mean temperature of 26.8 °C (80.2 °F), while the coolest month

246-402: A budget allocated to each of these, namely: Institutional Development, Financial Sustainability, Urban Planning, Urban Infrastructure Investment and Maintenance, Metropolitan Development (services such as waste collection and disposal). The total financial allocation for this phase was USD 30 million. Little was done, however. In 2011, PROMAPUTO2, the second phase of the project began. This phase

328-458: A capacity for 42,000 spectators. A smaller football stadium, Estádio Mahafil , holds 4,000 people. Beginning in the 1950s, motorsport was introduced to the city. At first race cars would compete in areas around the city, Polana and along the marginal but as funding and interest increased, a dedicated race track was built in the Costa Do Sol area along and behind the marginal with the ocean to

410-525: A city. The Luso-British conflict for the possession of Lourenço Marques ended on the 24th of July 1875 with Patrice de MacMahon , the French President , ruling in favour of Portugal. In 1871, the town was described as a poor place, with narrow streets, fairly good flat-roofed houses, grass huts, decayed forts, and a rusty cannon, enclosed by a recently erected wall 1.8 metres (6 ft) high and protected by bastions at intervals. The growing importance of

492-432: A dozen movie theaters by the time of independence. In the 1950s and 1960s, at the height of racial segregation, most of the movie-goers were either European whites or South Asians – each group having their own designated locale. Black Mozambicans, although more heavily discriminated against, also enjoyed movies in makeshift theatres, often in rooms temporarily converted to handle a projector, screen and chairs. For much of

574-439: A network of primary and secondary schools, industrial and commercial schools as well as the first university in the region. The University of Lourenço Marques was opened in 1962. Portuguese, Islamic (including Ismailis ), Indian (including from Portuguese India ) and Chinese (including Macanese ) communities — but not the unskilled African majority — achieved great prosperity by developing the industrial and commercial sectors of

656-460: A public transport crisis in the city, the state-owned company, Transporte de Moçambique (TPM) has recently acquired a new fleet of 270+ buses. There are three major bus terminals in the city: at Baixa (downtown/central), Museu (Museum), and at Junta (regional and national buses). Ferry boats departing from Maputo to the district of KaTembe are available during the week. A ferry can carry approximately 20 vehicles per trip. The city of Maputo lies at

738-563: Is July with a mean temperature of 18.8 °C (65.8 °F). A 2019 paper published in PLOS One estimated that under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 , a "moderate" scenario of climate change where global warming reaches ~2.5–3 °C (4.5–5.4 °F) by 2100, the climate of Maputo in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of Goiania in Brazil . The annual temperature would increase by 1.8 °C (3.2 °F), and

820-778: Is a township in the Mbombela Local Municipality under the Ehlanzeni District Municipality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa . It lies between Kruger National Park and the N4 national road 41 kilometres (25 mi) east of Mbombela (previously known as Nelspruit), 3 kilometres (2 mi) before the Kaapmuiden train station. It is also surrounded by the Nsikazi River & Crocodile River . The township

902-476: Is a modern 19-story building. The Radisson Blu corporation has constructed a 22 story hotel with 256 rooms in one of the city's trendiest spots on the marginal along the beach. A 15-story building for the second largest telecommunication company in the country, Vodacom , was projected to be completed in 2010. The regeneration of the Maputo waterfront is an urban regeneration project that is being developed at site of

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984-541: Is a planned city with square blocks and wide avenues, with Portuguese traces and their typical architecture of the 1970s. After the Carnation Revolution (1974) military coup in Lisbon , Portuguese refugees fled in massive numbers close to the date of independence (1975), and the resultant lack of skills and capital, in the context of a fierce civil war and government mismanagement, contributed to its state of dereliction in

1066-506: Is also planned which will allow for 57,000 vehicles to be moved per year (Phase 1) with a peak 250,000 under an agreement with Höegh Autoliners as a potential trans-shipment route between the Middle East and Europe . Coal will also be exported from the Matola side at a rate of 10 million tons per year. It is envisaged that by 2020, the port will generate about USD 160 million per year. By 2030,

1148-454: Is centred around its port , through which much of Mozambique's imports and exports are shipped. The chief exports include cotton , sugar , chromite , sisal , copra , and hardwood . In addition to trade, the city has robust manufacturing and service sectors. Several colleges and universities are located in Maputo, including Pedagogical University , São Tomás University, Catholic University of Mozambique, and Eduardo Mondlane University ,

1230-415: Is divided into three sections: Matsulu A, Matsulu B and Matsulu C. The township was established in the 1970s. Its existence came to be when African natives were forcefully removed from the nearby lands to form sugarcane plantations then relocated to the land which now forms Matsulu Township. It is alleged that the area was named after a resident who had informally settled there prior to the forced allocation;

1312-451: Is experiencing one of the fastest growth rates for a developing country in the world. The projected growth rate for 2011 is expected to be around 7.5%, some of it centered on the construction of several capital intensive projects in Maputo. Some of the more notable developments include Edificio 24, a mixed-use development that will be located at the center of the city along Avenida 24 Julho and Avenida Salvador Allende. The Maputo Business Tower

1394-615: Is home to Ferroviário de Maputo which competes in the Basketball Africa League and the Mozambican Basketball League . The street names were changed after independence in 1975. Close ties with the Eastern Bloc highly influenced the new names that were chosen as did removal of names referring to colonial era figures. Maputo International Airport is the main international airport of Mozambique. The new terminal

1476-420: Is largely informal. A few hundred find employment in primary economy sectors like brick manufacturing and bricklaying, while some people are also employed on the nearby fruit farms as seasonal workers. Corner shops known as spaza shops are found scattered throughout the area which are often owned and operated by foreigners like Somali , Ethiopian and Pakistani immigrants on leased residential sites. There

1558-709: Is managed by the Maputo Port Development Company (MPDC), a joint venture of Grindrod and DP World . The government has allowed the firm to manage the port until 2030 in order to upgrade much of its infrastructure that has been destroyed after years of stagnation. In 2010, the dredging works in the channel were finished and the Port of Maputo can now handle larger vessels – such as the Panamax vessels – with more cargo. In addition, investments are being made for specific types of terminals such as: A new terminal for vehicles

1640-763: Is officially known in Mozambique as the Ressano Garcia Line ; in turn, on the South African stretch, between the town of Komatipoort and city of Pretoria , the administration is done by the company Transnet Freight Rail . Its main maritime logistics facilities is the Port of Maputo . The construction of a railway line to connect the Republic of Transvaal to the port of Lourenço Marques , in Portuguese East Africa ,

1722-465: Is surrounded by Maputo Province , but is administered as a self-contained, separate province since 1998. Maputo City is the geographically smallest and most densely populated province in Mozambique. Maputo is a cosmopolitan city, with Bantu , Portuguese , and, to a lesser extent, Arabic , Indian , and Chinese languages and cultures present. Almost 50% of Maputo speaks Portuguese as a native language as of 2017. The area on which Maputo stands

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1804-576: Is the Associação Núcleo de Arte. It is the oldest collective of artists in Mozambique. Seated in an old villa in the centre of Maputo the Núcleo has played a significant role in metropolitan cultural life for decades. The two best known and most influential contemporary Mozambican artists started their career at Núcleo de Arte, the painter Malangatana Ngwenya and the sculptor Alberto Chissano . Over one hundred painters, sculptors and ceramists are members of

1886-566: Is the river which marks the northern border with Tanzania ). After the independence, the statues to Portuguese heroes in the capital city were removed and most were stored at the fortress. FRELIMO soldiers carrying Russian rifles replaced Portuguese Army soldiers (both black and white) with western arms in city barracks and on the streets. After the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, over 250,000 Portuguese emigrated virtually overnight, leaving Mozambique's economy and administration unmanageable. With

1968-566: Is two (2) formal shopping complexes with a dozen shops anchored by the Spar and Boxer retailer. However, there is no dedicated CBD , nor industrial site, so many businesses operate unregulated at random locations with little municipal control. Public education institutions in Matsulu: Primary Schools High Schools Tertiary Ways to get in-and-around Matsulu while using public transportation: Matsulu has

2050-451: The Estado Novo regime was overthrown in Lisbon by a leftist military coup — the Carnation Revolution . The new government of Portugal granted independence to almost all Portuguese overseas territories (except for Timor Leste and Macau ). The words "Aqui é Portugal" ( Here is Portugal ) were once inscribed on the walkway of its municipal building. The People's Republic of Mozambique

2132-720: The Estádio do Costa do Sol which can seat 32,000, 15,000 and 10,000 people respectively. The largest stadium in the Metropolitan Area is, however, the Estádio da Machava (opened as Estádio Salazar), located in neighbouring Matola municipality. It opened in 1968, in Machava and was at the time the most advanced in the country conforming to standards set by FIFA and the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). The cycling track could be adjusted to allow for 20,000 more seats. It

2214-548: The NZASM railroad to Pretoria , South Africa , caused the city's population to grow. The Witwatersrand Gold Rush , which began in 1886, also increased the economic development of the city in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as Lourenço Marques served as the closest seaport for the export of gold from South Africa. In the early 20th century, with a well equipped seaport, with piers, quays, landing sheds and electric cranes which enabled large vessels to discharge cargoes direct into

2296-547: The Pearl of the Indian Ocean . The city is known for its distinct, eclectic architecture, with Portuguese colonial Neoclassical and Manueline styles alongside modern art deco , bauhaus , tropical modernism and Brutalist buildings. The historic Baixa de Maputo district is the downtown area. Maputo has a vibrant cultural scene, with many restaurants, music and performance venues, and local film industry. Maputo's economy

2378-561: The Soviet Union and East Germany for help. By the early 1980s the country was bankrupt. Money was worthless and shops were empty. Starting shortly after independence, the country was plagued by the Mozambican Civil War , a long and violent struggle between FRELIMO and RENAMO , which lasted from 1977 to 1992. The war adversely affected economic activity and political stability in the city. "Operation Production" ( Operação Produção )

2460-608: The Transvaal led, however, to greater interest being taken back in Portugal in the development of a port. A commission was sent by the Portuguese government in 1876 to drain the marshy land near the settlement, to plant the blue gum tree , and to build a hospital and a church. A city since 1887, it superseded the Island of Mozambique as the capital of Mozambique in 1898. In 1895, the opening of

2542-651: The Tree of Life was shown around the world, among others in the British Museum in 2006. Maputo is home to the Dockanema Documentary Film Festival, and international festival showcasing documentary films from around the world. Mozambique's capital is famous for making special small sculptures called "pshikelekedanas" from soft wood using a penknife. These sculptures often depict important animals in Mozambique, like hippos, etc... Matsulu Matsulu

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2624-422: The 1960s and 1970s were characterized by modernist and brutalist movements of clean, straight and functional structures. However, prominent architects such as Pancho Guedes fused this with local art schemes giving the city's buildings a unique Mozambican theme. As a result, most of the properties erected during the second construction boom take on these styling cues. In recent years , the influx of capital into

2706-702: The Avenida Julius Nyerere finally completed. Financial sustainability for the project was to be guaranteed through the improved collection of property tax (IPRA). The project also coincided with the recent overhaul of the Road Safety and Traffic Regulations (final completion 2020) which was an antiquated system that had not seen changes since the 1950s. Amongst the new regulations, heavy penalties and fines would now apply to many detrimental actions done by automobiles, such as pollution, loud noises, and illegal maneuvers. In spite of its previous instability, Mozambique

2788-542: The Central Train Station (CFM) designed by architects Alfredo Augusto Lisboa de Lima, Mario Veiga and Ferreira da Costa and built between 1913 and 1916 (sometimes mistaken with the work of Gustav Eiffel ), and the Hotel Polana designed by Herbert Baker . As the 1960s and 1970s approached, Maputo was yet again at the center of a new wave of architectural influences made most popular by Pancho Guedes. The designs of

2870-750: The Komatipoort railway. In Matsulu / Kaapmuiden , the Pretoria–Maputo line connects with the Morebeng–Matsulu railway. In Machadodorp , the Pretoria–Maputo line connects with the Machadodorp–Ermelo railway. In Wonderfontein, the Pretoria–Maputo line connects with the Koornfontein railway. In Witbank , the Pretoria–Maputo line connects with the Witbank-Klipspruit railway. In Pretoria ,

2952-512: The Núcleo, which regularly stages exhibitions on its own premises and over the last few years has actively participated in exchanges with artists from abroad. The Núcleo became well known for their project transforming arms into tools and objects of art. It played an important role for reconciliation after the Mozambican Civil War . The exhibition of art objects such as the Chair of the African King and

3034-420: The Portuguese established, abandoned and reoccupied on the north bank of the river were all named "Lourenço Marques". The existing town dates from about 1850, with the previous settlement having been entirely destroyed by the natives. The town developed around a Portuguese fortress completed in 1787. On 9 December 1876, Lourenço Marques was elevated to the status of village, and on the 10 November 1887 it became

3116-722: The Pretoria–Maputo line connects with the Sentrarand railway (Pretoria- Johannesburg Railway Arch) and Cape to Cairo Railway (known in the city as Metrorail Gauteng , part of south-eastern section of the Cape to Cairo Railway). The main railway stations of the Pretoria–Maputo railway are: Maputo Maputo is situated on a large natural bay on the Indian Ocean , near where the rivers Tembe, Mbuluzi, Matola and Infulene converge. The city consists of seven administrative divisions, which are each subdivided into quarters or bairros . The city

3198-574: The Richards Bay railway, which connects to the Port of Richards Bay (then Natal Province). Products from Eastern South Africa could thus be disposed of in politically safe territory, in a specific sea port. The Pretoria–Maputo railway has six important branches: In Maputo , the Pretoria–Maputo line connects with the Limpopo railway and the Goba railway . In Komatipoort , the Pretoria–Maputo line connects with

3280-408: The center of attention during its formative years and this strong artistic spirit was responsible for attracting some of the world's most forward architects at the turn of the 20th century. The city is home to masterpieces of building work by Pancho Guedes , Herbert Baker and Thomas Honney, amongst others. The earliest architectural efforts around the city focused on classical European designs such as

3362-431: The city by forcibly removing criminals, squatters, and undocumented residents. Maputo has a number of landmarks, including Independence Square , City Hall , Maputo Fortress , the central market , Tunduru Gardens , and Maputo Railway Station . Maputo is known as an aesthetically attractive, if dilapidated, city. With wide avenues lined by jacaranda and acacia trees, it has earned the nicknames City of Acacias and

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3444-729: The city has returned to its pre-independence levels of political stability. This stability is an encouraging sign that makes Mozambique a promising country for foreign investment. On 11 July 2003, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa , better known as the Maputo Protocol , was adopted in the city by the African Union . Maputo is located on

3526-613: The city's name was changed (in February 1976) to Maputo. Maputo's name reputedly has its origin in the Maputo River : in fact, this river, which marks the border with South Africa in the southernmost extent of Mozambique, had become symbolic during the FRELIMO-led armed struggle against Portuguese sovereignty , after the motto « Viva Moçambique unido, do Rovuma ao Maputo », that is, Hail Mozambique, united from Rovuma down to Maputo ( Rovuma

3608-742: The city. Urban areas of Mozambique grew quickly in this period due to the lack of restriction on the internal migration of indigenous Mozambicans, a situation that differed from the apartheid policies of neighbouring South Africa. Before Mozambique's independence in 1975, thousands of tourists from South Africa and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe ) frequented the city and its scenic beaches, high-quality hotels, restaurants, casinos, and brothels. The Mozambique Liberation Front, or FRELIMO , formed in Tanzania in 1962 and led by Eduardo Mondlane , fought for independence from Portuguese rule. The Mozambican War of Independence lasted over 10 years, ending only in 1974 when

3690-488: The construction in 1876. The Portuguese engineer and officer Joaquim José Machado carried out a new survey of land in 1881 and 1882 to find an ideal route, as some gold fields on both sides of the Crocodile River should have easy access to a rail connection. In 1872, the colonial administration of Mozambique granted, for the first time, a concession to build a railway line from Maputo to Pretoria. A corresponding agreement

3772-452: The construction of an efficient road. In addition, in the 1880s, a financing contract worth half a million pounds on the Amsterdam capital market was eventually lost. Construction began on 2 June 1887, and was completed after seven years on 20 October 1894, so that the entire route was opened to traffic on 2 November 1894. The official opening took place on 8 July 1895 in a ceremony chaired by

3854-450: The development of Maputo's infrastructure, according to the Climate & Development Knowledge Network . As a coastal city, Maputo is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of sea level rise, and population growth is putting increasing pressure on the coastal areas. In 2007, the municipality of Maputo began a project to seriously consider rehabilitating the city's infrastructure. PROMAPUTO

3936-518: The districts of Marracuene to the north; Boane in the east and Matutuíne at the south all of which are part of Maputo Province. The city is 120 km (75 miles) from the South African border at Ressano Garcia and 80 km (50 miles) from the border with Eswatini near the town of Namaacha . Maputo features a tropical savanna climate ( Aw ) under the Köppen climate classification , having enough precipitation to prevent it from being classified as

4018-520: The east with a length of 1.5 km (0.9 mi). The initial surface of the new track, named Autódromo de Lourenço Marques did not provide enough grip and a crash in the late 1960s killed eight people and injured many more. Therefore, in 1970, the track was renovated and the surface changed to meet the safety requirements that were needed at large events with many spectators. The length then increased to 3,909 km (2,429 mi). The city became host to several international and local events beginning with

4100-593: The end of three railway lines: Goba railway , Limpopo railway and Pretoria–Maputo railway . Maputo was home to one of the first electric tramway systems in Africa, commencing in February 1904. At first the lines ran from the Central Railway Station (CFM) to the City Municipality building. It is said that the establishment of the tram system caused some protests from the general public as certain classes had limited access to its use. Trams lost favor in

4182-426: The exodus of trained Portuguese personnel, the newly independent country had no time to allocate resources to maintain its infrastructure. In addition, authoritarian Stalinist policies and bureaucratic central planning made the newly independent country slip into an extremely precarious condition since the beginning, and so the economy plummeted. FRELIMO, now the governing party, turned to the communist governments of

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4264-539: The former annual industrial fair grounds (FACIM). In February 2011, president Armando Guebuza announced that the Vila Algarve would be restored to its former condition and the building transformed into a museum for the veterans of the civil war. The Vila Algarve belonged to the International and State Defence Police (PIDE) during colonial rule. It was where political prisoners and others accused of conspiring to harm

4346-430: The high-emission scenario RCP 8.5 by the year 2050. Additionally, RCP 8.5 combined with the hypothetical impact from marine ice sheet instability at high levels of warming would involve up to 137.5 billion USD in damages, while the additional accounting for the "low-probability, high-damage events" may increase aggregate risks to USD 187 billion for the "moderate" RCP4.5, USD 206 billion for RCP8.5 and USD 397 billion under

4428-400: The high-end ice sheet instability scenario. Since sea level rise would continue for about 10,000 years under every scenario of climate change, future costs of sea level rise would only increase, especially without adaptation measures. The city is divided into seven main administrative divisions. Each of these consists of several smaller city quarters or bairros . The central area of Maputo

4510-552: The inauguration on 26 November 1970. The track was abandoned after 1975 and events only occurred sporadically such as in 1981 when the government allowed the sport again. Since 2000, interest has been rekindled by the Automovel & Touring Club de Moçambique (ATCM) and several events including go-carting, drag racing and motocross are planned. The city's main basketball arena is the Pavilhão do Maxaquene which holds up to 3,500 people. It

4592-439: The late 1970s and 1980s, the local film industry was geared towards creating "home-made" productions depicting Socialist ideologies which placed great influence on the family unit, the non-commercialized production of agriculture and political autonomy. Maputo has been the setting for many Hollywood blockbuster movies such as The Interpreter , Blood Diamond and Ali . An important cultural and artists' centre in Maputo

4674-451: The late 19th and early 20th centuries, Lourenço Marques grew both in population and economic development as a port city. Upon Mozambican independence in 1975, the city became the national capital and was renamed Maputo. During the Mozambican Civil War , the city's economy was devastated. When the war ended, the FRELIMO government launched a program to revive the city's economy, and to clean up

4756-475: The main impediments. The local government, the City Council of Maputo has been unable to bring order to the situation. Additionally, many acacia trees that once lined the footpaths and gave the city its distinct identity have also been removed for unclear reasons. The process gains momentum usually in the winter months between June and August under the guise of pruning overgrown trees. Without proper supervision

4838-460: The name of the resident was Matsulu. From the 1970s to 1994 the township was administrated by the now defunct KaNgwane District Bantustan . It played a major role as an official residency for Members of Parliament (KaNgwane District Bantustan). Like many South African townships, Matsulu was embroiled in Apartheid-era violence during the 1980s and the early '90s. In 1994 the administration of

4920-498: The oldest in the country. On the northern bank of Espírito Santo Estuary of Delagoa Bay , an inlet of the Indian Ocean , Lourenço Marques was named after the Portuguese navigator who, with António Caldeira, was sent in 1544 by the governor of Mozambique on a voyage of exploration. They explored the lower courses of the rivers emptying their waters into Delagoa Bay, notably the Espírito Santo. The forts and trading stations that

5002-519: The overpopulated bairros , further exacerbate climate change vulnerabilities in the city. According to the 2022 IPCC Sixth Assessment Report , Maputo is one of 12 major African cities ( Abidjan , Alexandria , Algiers , Cape Town , Casablanca , Dakar , Dar es Salaam , Durban , Lagos , Lomé , Luanda and Maputo) which would be the most severely affected by future sea level rise. It estimates that they would collectively sustain cumulative damages of USD 65 billion under RCP 4.5 and USD 86.5 billion for

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5084-444: The port will be able to handle up to 25 trains a day and 1,500 trucks for a total of 50 million tons of cargo per year. The total investment will exceed USD 500 million. A recent introduction is three-wheelers commonly known as tuk-tuks in some Asian countries. The three-wheeled bikes, called "tchopelas" by the population, are cheaper to own and run and have posed a commercial threat to conventional taxis. Maputo had always been

5166-610: The president of Transvaal Paul Kruger , attended by the Mozambican colonial administrator António Enes . On the South African side the line was operated by the Netherlands–South African Railway Company - NZASM ( Nederlandsch-Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg Maatschappij ). After the end of the Second Boer War , the railroad was transferred to the private company Central South African Railways and from 1910 to

5248-446: The pruning work is excessive and destructive leading to the eventual loss of the tree. Maputo is a melting pot of several cultures. The Bantu and Portuguese cultures dominate, but the influence of Arab , Indian , and Chinese cultures is also felt. Before television was introduced in 1981, film and cinema had a prominent position as a form of entertainment in the lives of Mozambicans especially in Maputo where there were at least

5330-436: The railway trucks, Lourenço Marques developed under Portuguese rule and achieved great importance as a lively cosmopolitan city. It was served by British, Portuguese, and German liners, and the majority of its imported goods were shipped to Southampton , Lisbon , and Hamburg . With the continuous growth of the city's population due to its expanding economy centred on the seaport, from the 1940s Portugal's administration built

5412-408: The real estate sector from local and international investors has resulted in the demolition of many historically significant buildings. Single homes along Av. Julius Nyerere, Av. 24 de Julho and Av. Mao Tse Tung have been torn down and high rise residential apartments built in their place. The difficulty in legally expanding the city coupled with a limited heritage building protection framework have been

5494-454: The regime were taken for interrogation and torture. There are claims that several individuals were executed in the building. No dates have been released on when the renovation is to commence. The building has changed ownership several times and has been an off-on residence for squatters. Maputo has a number of stadiums designed for football, which can be modified for other purposes, such as the new Estádio do Zimpeto , Estádio do Maxaquene and

5576-487: The second half of the 20th century as cars and buses became more common, and they have not been in use at all since 1936, although parts of some of the tracks can still be seen coming up through the tar in certain streets, like Av. 24 de Julho. The main port of Maputo handled 17 million tons of cargo in 1971, at its peak. It was part of the trio of Mozambique's main ports for the Nacala-Beira-Maputo route. Today, it

5658-518: The state-owned company Railways of South Africa . In the course of a government policy aimed at economic self-sufficiency under P. W. Botha , coupled with the changing political situation in South Africa (increasingly isolated due to apartheid ), the construction of the Komatipoort railway began in 1983, passing through Eswatini ; connecting with the Goba railway, another extension was made, giving rise to

5740-477: The temperature of the warmest month by 1.5 °C (2.7 °F), while the temperature of the coldest month would increase by 0.3 °C (0.54 °F). According to Climate Action Tracker , the current warming trajectory appears consistent with 2.7 °C (4.9 °F), which closely matches RCP 4.5. Moreover, Maputo is particularly vulnerable to impacts such as cyclones and flooding caused by sea level rise . Poverty and inequality, which are concentrated in

5822-485: The township was handed over to the then Greater Nelspruit City Council, ending the Bantustan administration. Matsulu was re-organised and municipal wards were allocated to streamline it with the rest of the City Council (now called Mbombela Municipality). The township's economy is heavily dependent on its mother city, Mbombela, where most of its employed skilled and semiskilled residents work. The township's economy itself

5904-487: The west side of Maputo Bay , near the Estuário do Espírito Santo where the four rivers Tembe , Umbeluzi , Matola and Infulene drain. The bay is 95 kilometres (59 miles) long and 30 kilometres (19 miles) wide. At the extreme east of the city and bay is the island of Inhaca . The total area covered by the municipality of Maputo is 346 square kilometres (134 sq mi) and borders the city of Matola northeast and east,

5986-886: The years following these events. Recovery of the older infrastructure has been slow and most property developers in recent years have decided to invest in the construction of new properties rather than rehabilitating any of the existing ones. The rates for property in the city are high as investment increases, larger numbers of businesses are hoping to locate within easy reach of the airports, banks and other facilities. Maputo faces many challenges, such as poor transport and drainage infrastructure, which have profound implications on people's livelihoods, particularly in informal settlements. Inadequate planning regulation and law enforcement, as well as perceived corruption in government processes, lack of communication across government departments and lack of concern or government coordination with respect to building codes are major impediments to progressing

6068-531: Was a project that began as co-operation between the local city council and the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank . The first phase (PROMAPUTO1) took place between 2007 and 2010 and was chiefly concerned with developing the systems, knowledge and planning required to support the gradual overhaul of the infrastructure. The project was broken into several key areas and

6150-555: Was concluded in 1875 between the government of the Republic of Transvaal and that of Portuguese East Africa. However, it was only on 1 March 1890 that the route from Maputo to the Mozambican border station Ressano Garcia was opened. An obstacle to route planning on the South African side was the steep mountain positions and the deep valleys near Komatipoort , in the area of the Crocodile River. These terrain characteristics also delayed

6232-437: Was first settled as a fishing village by ancient Tsonga people. It was soon named Lourenço Marques, after the navigator of the same name who explored the area in 1544. The modern city traces its origins to a Portuguese fort established on the site in 1781. A town grew around the fort starting around 1850, and in 1877 it was elevated to city status. In 1898, the colony of Portuguese Mozambique relocated its capital there. In

6314-407: Was inaugurated in 1983 by the ruling FRELIMO party to deal with the economic crisis. Undocumented residents of Maputo, the "parasitic" urban population, as well as individuals who displayed criminal behaviour, were forcibly transferred to state-owned communal farms and villages in the rural north of Mozambique. Since the peace agreement ending the civil war, which was signed in 1992, the country and

6396-437: Was opened in 2010 with a capacity for 900,000 passengers per year. Work has begun on the construction of a new domestic terminal which will have a capacity for many more passengers at any given time. The construction work will require the current building to be demolished. Maputo's transportation needs are mainly served by minibus taxis called chapas , which transport the majority of the city's commuters. In an effort to resolve

6478-402: Was preceded by a long planning phase. The Pretoria government tendered the project, winning the concession for a private railway company in 1870, promising areas of 850 farms as payment guarantee. The construction project had to be postponed because the licensed company was unable to obtain the capital initially required. After several years of preparation, the government decided to take control of

6560-537: Was proclaimed on 25 June 1975 in accordance with the Lusaka Accord signed in September 1974. A parade and a state banquet completed the independence festivities in the capital, which was expected to be renamed Can Phumo, or "Place of Phumo", after a Shangaan chief who lived in the area before the Portuguese navigator Lourenço Marques first visited the site in 1545 and gave his name to it. However, after independence,

6642-480: Was the site where Portugal officially handed over the country to Samora Machel and FRELIMO on 25 June 1975. In 2005, the Birmingham based reggae group UB40 held a one-night-only concert in the stadium filled to maximum capacity. A newer stadium called the Estádio do Zimpeto which is located in the suburb of Zimpeto will be opened in 2011. The stadium will be built in time for the 2011 All-Africa Games with

6724-504: Was to last until 2015 and a total of USD 105 million was spent. The plan called for an IT systems, Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) together with Geographic Information System ( GIS ). These systems would supposedly help the municipality control its budgets and manage tenders, while the GIS would allow for precise information about land location and titling to be kept. Several roads should have been expanded and improved and

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