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109-750: It runs from Woodward Avenue (Linden Hill Cemetery) in Ridgewood, Queens to Downtown Brooklyn , terminating at the Fulton Mall where the Brooklyn Tower and City Point cross. DeKalb Avenue is named after Baron Johann de Kalb , who served in the American Revolutionary War . Landmarks along the avenue include the Pratt Institute , Fort Greene Park , the Brooklyn Hospital Center ,

218-542: A New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire station, Engine Co. 291/Ladder Co. 140, at 56-07 Metropolitan Avenue. As of 2018 , preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Ridgewood and Maspeth than in other places citywide. In Ridgewood and Maspeth, there were 70 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 17.6 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Ridgewood and Maspeth have

327-555: A glue manufacturing plant, his first factory, in Bushwick. Immigrants from western Europe joined the original Dutch settlers. The Bushwick Chemical Works, at Metropolitan Avenue and Grand Street on the English Kills channel, was another early industry among the lime, plaster, and brickworks, coal yards, and other factories that developed along English Kills, which was dredged and made an important commercial waterway. In October 1867,

436-542: A 0.5 on the Furman Center's racial diversity index, making it the city's 35th most diverse neighborhood in 2007. Most residents are Latino American citizens from the island of Puerto Rico and immigrants from the Dominican Republic . Since the turn of the 21st century, the population of native-born Americans has increased, as have other Latino groups, particularly immigrants from Mexico and El Salvador . In 2008

545-489: A 14-block "brewer's row" within Bushwick that contained at least 11 breweries. Factories and knitting mills were also opened within the communities, and speculative German developers built houses, consisting mostly of multi-family stock that were three or four stories tall. "Brewer's Row" had grown to 14 breweries by 1890. Ridgewood remained rural until the unification of New York City's boroughs in 1898, even as Bushwick had become fully developed. Development in Ridgewood in

654-467: A Bushwick rezoning plan covering 300 city blocks. The plan would allow for high-density development on Broadway and Myrtle and Wyckoff Avenues. The entirety of Community Board 4 had 112,388 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 80.4 years. This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 24% are between

763-647: A German center." By the 1940 United States Census , Southern Europeans were also recorded as having moved into Ridgewood. In the mid-20th century, Romanians , Serbs , and Puerto Ricans arrived. By the late 20th century, Poles , Dominicans , and Ecuadorians —including a significant population of Quechua -speaking Amerindians from the Imbabura and Cañar provinces of Ecuador —had moved to Ridgewood. Other large populations included Yugoslavians , Chinese , Koreans , and Slovenians . Originally, Ridgewood and Glendale shared ZIP Code 11227 with Bushwick. Following

872-432: A commercial retail hub. Middle-class residents who could afford to leave did so, in some cases abandoning their homes. New immigrants continued to move to the area, many from Hispanic America , but renovation and new construction was outpaced by the demolition of unsafe buildings, forcing overcrowded conditions at first. As buildings came down, the vacant lots made parts of the neighborhood look and feel desolate, resulting in

981-461: A contiguous fashion. New Bushwick Lane (Evergreen Avenue), a former Native American trail, was a key thoroughfare for accessing this new tract, which was suitable mostly for potato and cabbage agriculture. This area is bounded roughly by Flushing Avenue to the north and Evergreen Cemetery to the south. In the 1850s, the New Lots of Bushwick area began to develop. References to the town of Bowronville,

1090-484: A desire to disassociate themselves from Bushwick. Following complaints from residents, Postmaster General William Bolger proposed that the ZIP Codes would be changed if United States Representative Geraldine Ferraro could produce evidence that 70% of residents supported it. After Ferraro's office distributed ballots to residents, 93 percent of the returned ballots voted for the change. The change to ZIP Code 11385

1199-562: A grant program focusing on residential buildings in the initiative's coverage area, which resulted in fines for dozens of landlords with lead paint hazards. The Bushwick Initiative's economic development efforts were also focused on revitalizing the Knickerbocker Avenue commercial district, and adding a thousand rat-resistant public trash cans to reduce litter. In 2019, the New York City Department of City Planning released

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1308-461: A greater outflow of residents and a growth of the illegal drug trade due to a lack of job opportunities. Author Jonathan Mahler described the social and economic hardships of Bushwick after the blackout in his book Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bronx is Burning , explaining that the majority of neighborhood residents were living on less than $ 4,000 a year, and had to rely on some form of public assistance. By

1417-574: A hyphen between the closest cross-street (which comes before the hyphen) and the actual address (which comes after the hyphen). While buildings fronting on streets that are west of Forest Avenue and the Bay Ridge Branch follow the Queens address numbering system, the avenues which run parallel to the county line—bounded by Metropolitan Avenue to the north, Forest Avenue to the east, and the Brooklyn border to

1526-439: A low population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 13%, slightly higher than the citywide rate of 12%. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in Ridgewood and Maspeth is 0.008 mg/m (8.0 × 10  oz/cu ft), more than the city average. Twenty percent of Ridgewood and Maspeth residents are smokers , which

1635-524: A lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018 . While 33% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 16% have less than a high school education and 50% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Ridgewood and Maspeth students excelling in math rose from 36% in 2000 to 67% in 2011, and reading achievement rose from 42% to 49% during

1744-464: A new neighborhood contained within the area south of Lafayette Avenue and Stanhope Street, began to appear in the 1850s. The area known as Bushwick Shore was so called for about 140 years. Bushwick residents called Bushwick Shore "the Strand", another term for "beach". Bushwick Creek, in the north, and Cripplebush, a region of thick, boggy shrubland extending from Wallabout Creek to Newtown Creek , in

1853-444: A shortage of affordable housing in nearby neighborhoods such as Park Slope and Williamsburg , numerous young professionals and artists have moved into converted warehouse lofts, brownstones, limestone-brick townhouses, and other renovated buildings in Bushwick. A flourishing artist community has existed in Bushwick for decades and has become more visible in the neighborhood. Dozens of art studios and galleries are scattered throughout

1962-417: Is a densely settled neighborhood, with housing stock ranging from six-family buildings near the Brooklyn border to two-family and single-family row houses deeper into Queens. Ridgewood is visually distinguished by the large amount of yellow face brick construction, which is characteristic of the early-20th-century rowhouses built in the neighborhoods. Most of Ridgewood was developed block-by-block around

2071-769: Is about equal to the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 22% are between the ages of 0–17, 31% between 25 and 44, and 26% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 8% and 13% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 5 was $ 71,234. In 2018, an estimated 19% of Ridgewood and Maspeth residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in seventeen residents (6%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or

2180-413: Is higher than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Ridgewood and Maspeth, 19% of residents are obese , 7% are diabetic , and 20% have high blood pressure —compared to the citywide averages of 22%, 8%, and 23% respectively. In addition, 19% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%. Ninety-two percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which

2289-850: Is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 78% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", equal to the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Ridgewood and Maspeth, there are 5 bodegas . The nearest major hospitals are Elmhurst Hospital Center in Elmhurst and the Wyckoff Heights Medical Center in Bushwick. Ridgewood is covered by ZIP Code 11385, which it shares with neighboring Glendale. The United States Post Office operates three post offices nearby: Today, Ridgewood's land area lies within Queens County. However, its political boundary with Brooklyn causes confusion and debate about where

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2398-588: Is home to Ridgewood Savings Bank , the largest mutual savings bank in New York State . Their headquarters is located at the intersection of Myrtle and Forest Avenues and was built in 1929. The building architects were Halsey, McCormack and Helmer, Inc. and the general contractors were Stamarith Construction Corporation. The building's exterior is made of limestone and contains an eight-foot granite base. The interior has travertine walls and marble floors. In Ridgewood 10 national historic districts were listed on

2507-457: Is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 235 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole. The 104th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 87.4% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 2 murders, 17 rapes, 140 robberies, 168 felony assaults, 214 burglaries, 531 grand larcenies, and 123 grand larcenies auto in 2018. Ridgewood contains

2616-512: Is located on Stockholm Street in Bushwick, on the block between Wyckoff and St. Nicholas Avenues. In 1638, the Dutch West India Company secured a deed from the local Lenape people for the Bushwick area, and Peter Stuyvesant chartered the area in 1661, naming it Boswijck , meaning "neighborhood in the woods" in 17th-century Dutch. Its area included the modern-day communities of Bushwick, Williamsburg , and Greenpoint . Bushwick

2725-460: Is mostly commercial along main streets and residential alongside streets. Large parts of the neighborhood are residential historic districts. In addition, the large Cemetery Belt is located directly to the south. The majority of the neighborhood covers a large hill, part of the glacial moraine that created Long Island , which starts at Metropolitan Avenue , rises steeply for about two blocks, then slopes down gently. For instance, at Our Lady of

2834-669: Is named). In 1638, the Dutch West India Company secured a deed from the Lenape; subsequently, Peter Stuyvesant chartered present-day Bushwick in 1661 under the name Boswijck , meaning "neighborhood in the woods" in 17th-century Dutch. Likewise, Ridgewood was part of Newtown , one of the three initial towns in Queens, and was settled by the British. In both neighborhoods, British and Dutch families tilled farms and grew crops for Brooklyn's and Manhattan's markets. Many of these farms also had slaves. The only known remaining Dutch farmhouse in

2943-558: Is part of Brooklyn Community District 4 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 11206, 11207, 11221, and 11237. It is patrolled by the 83rd Precinct of the New York City Police Department . Politically it is represented by the New York City Council 's 34th and 37th Districts. Bushwick's borders largely overlap those of Brooklyn Community Board 4 , which is delineated by Flushing Avenue on the north, Broadway on

3052-627: Is represented by the New York City Council 's 30th District. The origin of the neighborhood's name is disputed. One theory is that it came from the Ridgewood Reservoir in Highland Park , in Brooklyn just south of Ridgewood. The reservoir was on a high ridge in the middle of the Harbor Hill Moraine , a terminal moraine that runs the length of Long Island . Another possible etymology

3161-428: Is the forests that covered the area before colonial settlement, and that early English settlers called the moraine the "ridge" of Long Island. Yet another possible etymology is "Ridge Road". The name was originally applied by the government of Kings County (now coextensive with Brooklyn), and referred to an area within Brooklyn along the border between Kings and Queens Counties. In the early 20th century, developers gave

3270-473: The 1977 blackout , the communities of Ridgewood and Glendale expressed a desire to disassociate themselves from Bushwick. Residents voted on a proposal to create a new ZIP Code, and a majority of votes were cast in favor of the proposal. The communities were given the ZIP Code 11385 in 1980. By the mid-1980s, parts of Ridgewood had been given federal landmark designations. Young professionals were also moving to

3379-439: The 2010 United States Census . The total population of these districts was 129,239. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Bushwick North was 57,138, an increase of 1,045 (1.9%) from the 56,093 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 570.78 acres (230.99 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 100.1 inhabitants per acre (64,100/sq mi; 24,700/km ). The ethnic and racial makeup of

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3488-484: The American Institute awarded Bushwick Chemical Works the first premium for commercial acids of the greatest purity and strength. The Bushwick Glass Company, later known as Brookfield Glass Company , established itself in 1869, when a local brewer sold it to James Brookfield. It made a variety of bottles and jars, as well as large numbers of glass electrical insulators for telegraph, telephone and power lines. In

3597-482: The East Village and Lower East Side , in the mid-19th century. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, German immigrants had moved to other enclaves such as Yorkville, Manhattan ; Steinway, Queens ; and the north Brooklyn/Ridgewood area. The discovery of freshwater under northern Brooklyn resulted in the development of breweries , where many Germans worked. By 1880, there were 35 breweries in Brooklyn, including

3706-654: The Long Island Rail Road built the Bushwick Branch from its hub in Jamaica via Maspeth to Bushwick Terminal, at the intersection of Montrose and Bushwick avenues, allowing easy movement of passengers, raw materials, and finished goods. Routes also radiated to Flushing, Queens . The first elevated railway ("el") in Brooklyn, known as the Lexington Avenue Elevated , opened in 1885. Its eastern terminus

3815-793: The National Register of Historic Places in 1983. In addition, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission has designated four landmark districts in Ridgewood: There are two individual city-designated landmarks: The Vander Ende-Onderdonk House, the Evergreens Cemetery , and St. Matthias Roman Catholic Church Complex are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Maspeth, Ridgewood, Middle Village, and Glendale are patrolled by

3924-492: The New York City Department of Education . Ridgewood contains the following public elementary schools, which serve grades PK-5 unless otherwise indicated: The following middle schools are located in Ridgewood: Grover Cleveland High School is the only high school in Ridgewood, and is the zoned public high school to most of Ridgewood. Bushwick, Brooklyn Bushwick is a neighborhood in

4033-467: The 104th Precinct of the NYPD , located at 64-02 Catalpa Avenue. The 104th Precinct ranked 21st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. However, the precinct covers a large diamond-shaped area, and Maspeth and Middle Village are generally seen as safer than Ridgewood. As of 2018 , with a non-fatal assault rate of 19 per 100,000 people, Ridgewood and Maspeth's rate of violent crimes per capita

4142-510: The 1840s and 1850s, a majority of the immigrants were German , which became the dominant population. Bushwick established a considerable brewery industry, including "Brewer's Row"—14 breweries operating in a 14-block area—by 1890. Thus, Bushwick was dubbed the "beer capital of the Northeast". The last Bushwick breweries, the Schaefer's and Rheingold Breweries, closed its doors in 1976. As late as

4251-428: The 1980s, the Knickerbocker Avenue shopping district was nicknamed "The Well" for its seemingly unending supply of drugs. Even through the 1990s, it remained a poor and relatively dangerous area, with 77 murders, 80 rapes, and 2,242 robberies in 1990. Since 2000, the rise of real estate prices in nearby Manhattan has made Bushwick more attractive to younger professionals. In the wake of reduced crime rates citywide and

4360-701: The 1980s, there were unsuccessful efforts to revive the Rheingold Brewery. The William Ulmer Brewery at Beaver and Belvidere Streets was given landmark status by the city in 2010, becoming the first brewery with such a status. As late as 1883, Bushwick maintained open farming land east of Flushing Avenue. A synergy developed between the brewers and the farmers during this period, as the dairy farmers collected spent grain and hops for cow feed. The dairy farmers sold milk and other dairy products to consumers in Brooklyn. Both industries supported blacksmiths, wheelwrights, and feed stores along Flushing Avenue. In 1868,

4469-437: The 19th century consisted mostly of picnicking locations, beer gardens, racetracks, and amusement areas for the residents of Bushwick. By the end of the century, developers had bought these sites and started constructing rowhouses and tenements, usually two to three stories high. The Ridgewood Board of Trade, created in 1902, was organized to develop the streets and utilities, and to improve the transit infrastructure. Much of

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4578-552: The Americas in the 17th century. In the 19th century, the neighborhood became a community of German immigrants and their descendants. The 20th century saw an influx of Italian immigrants and Italian-Americans up to the 1980s. By the late 20th century, the neighborhood became predominantly Hispanic as another wave of immigrants arrived. Formerly Brooklyn's 18th Ward, the neighborhood was once an independent town and has undergone various territorial changes throughout its history. Bushwick

4687-570: The Asian residents were less than 5000. Bushwick and neighboring East New York are the center for the Hispanic community in Brooklyn. In the post-World War II period, Bushwick was still a predominantly Irish and Italian-American community. Puerto Ricans began to migrate to New York for greater opportunities, developing Hispanic enclaves in Brooklyn, East Harlem, the Lower East Side or Loisaida , and

4796-612: The Broadway shopping district was heavily looted and burned. Twenty-seven stores along Broadway were burned, and looters and some residents saw the blackout as an opportunity to get what they otherwise could not afford. Newspapers around the country published UPI and the Associated Press 's photos of Bushwick residents with stolen items and a police officer beating a suspected looter, and Bushwick became known for riots and looting. Fires spread to many residential buildings as well. After

4905-576: The DeKalb and Marcy branches of the Brooklyn Public Library , Long Island University 's Brooklyn Campus , Brooklyn Technical High School , and Junior's . Between Woodward Avenue and Bushwick Avenue, DeKalb Avenue is a two-way, two-lane street; between Bushwick Avenue and Fulton Street, it is one-way westbound. Lafayette Avenue is the corresponding parallel one-way street eastbound. The B38 bus, operated by MTA New York City Transit , runs along

5014-652: The Miraculous Medal Parish on 60th Place, the front entrance of the church is almost level with the second floor of the Parish school next door. Part of Ridgewood around the Linden Hill Cemetery , centered around Flushing and Metropolitan Avenues, was once known as Linden Hill, distinct from the neighborhood of Linden Hill in Flushing, Queens . Linden Street is named after this subsection of Ridgewood. Ridgewood

5123-495: The Negro, who had worked his way to freedom. The group centered their settlement on a church located near today's Bushwick and Metropolitan Avenues. The major thoroughfare was Woodpoint Road, which allowed farmers to bring their goods to the town dock. This original settlement came to be known as Het Dorp by the Dutch, and, later, Bushwick Green by the British. The English would take over

5232-476: The New Lots of Bushwick, a hilly upland originally claimed by Native Americans in the first treaties they signed with European colonists granting the settlers rights to the lowland on the water. After the second war between the natives and the settlers broke out, the natives fled, leaving the area to be divided among the six towns in Kings County. Bushwick had the prime location to absorb its new tract of land in

5341-529: The aftermath of World War I, and spoke the Gottscheerish dialect. Other Eastern Europeans came as well. As recorded in the 1920 United States Census , the population of Ridgewood was mostly working-class homeowners from Germany, Austria, or Italy, with a smaller population from Hungary, Ireland, Poland, and Sweden. The demographic figures remained relatively unchanged through the 1930 United States Census . The large German presence led to disputes following

5450-433: The ages of 0–17, 35% between 25 and 44, and 20% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 12% and 9% respectively. As of 2016, the median household income in Community Board 4 was $ 50,656. In 2018, an estimated 25% of Bushwick residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (13%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in

5559-554: The area various names, including Germania Heights, St. James Park, Ridgewood Heights, Wyckoff Heights, and Knickerbocker Heights, but only "Ridgewood" gained enough popularity past the 1910s. Ridgewood is adjacent to Bushwick, Brooklyn , and the two neighborhoods have similar histories. Both were initially settled by the Lenape Native Americans, specifically the Mespachtes tribe (for whom the adjacent neighborhood of Maspeth

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5668-559: The area. Il Circolo di Santa Margherita di Belice , founded in Bushwick, remains the oldest operating Sicilian organization in the United States. These clubs often started as mutual benevolence associations or funeral societies. They transformed along with the needs of their communities from the late 1800s until the 1960s, when many began to fade away. St. Joseph Patron of the Universal Church Roman Catholic Parish

5777-450: The avenue west of Seneca Avenue. Ridgewood-bound buses run on Lafayette Avenue from Fulton Street to Broadway, then on Kossuth Place until Bushwick Avenue. A bike lane, installed in 2004 and extended in 2008, exists between Malcolm X Boulevard and Flatbush Avenue . The NYCDOT proposed in 2008 to introduce traffic calming and other improvements to DeKalb Avenue. Two New York City Subway stations serve DeKalb Avenue: In addition,

5886-423: The city of Brooklyn on January 1, 1854—included present-day Williamsburg and Greenpoint. Prior to the merger, in the early 19th century, residential development in the area had begun when the new district of Williamsburg was laid out in western Bushwick. Williamsburg was incorporated in 1827 and officially severed from Bushwick in 1839. Present-day East Williamsburg , which was not part of the city of Williamsburg,

5995-554: The city's other boroughs. Figures from the 1910 United States Census indicated that much of Ridgewood's population was working-class and of German or Eastern European descent, and many homes were owner-occupied. Ridgewood's German population was so large that the Ridgewood Times ' first issue in 1908 was published in both English and German. After World War I, the population expanded with an influx of Gottscheers , an ethnic German population from Slovenia who were dislocated in

6104-759: The city. Bushwick is the most populous Hispanic-American community in Brooklyn, although Sunset Park also has a large Hispanic population. As in other neighborhoods in New York City, Bushwick's Hispanic population is mainly from Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. It also has a sizable population from South American nations. As nearly 70% of Bushwick's population is Hispanic, residents have created many businesses to support their various national and distinct traditions in food and other items. The neighborhood's major commercial streets are Knickerbocker Avenue, Myrtle Avenue, Wyckoff Avenue, and Broadway . There are two neighborhood tabulation areas that covered Bushwick as of

6213-460: The first half of the 19th century and eventually seceded from Bushwick to form its own independent city in 1852. Both Bushwick and Williamsburgh were annexed to the City of Brooklyn in 1854. When Bushwick was founded, it was primarily an area for farming food and tobacco. As Brooklyn and New York City grew, factories that manufactured sugar, oil, and chemicals were built. The inventor Peter Cooper built

6322-465: The following subway stations are within one or two blocks of DeKalb Avenue: Ridgewood, Queens Ridgewood is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens . It borders the Queens neighborhoods of Maspeth to the north, Middle Village to the east, and Glendale to the southeast, as well as the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Bushwick to the southwest and East Williamsburg to

6431-560: The growing need for labor by factory operators. St. Leonard's parish was the large German Catholic parish in the area, but the Italian community was not welcome there and was thus compelled to open its own parish. St. Leonard's closed in 1973. St. Joseph's is now a large and vibrant Latino parish run by the Scalabrini Order of priests, an Italian missionary order that caters to migrants. The demographic transition of Bushwick after World War II

6540-519: The housing stock was erected between 1905 and 1915. Most of the houses built before 1905 were wood-frame houses; that year, a zoning ordinance was passed, requiring new buildings to be made of masonry. The area was developed more quickly after the Queensboro Bridge opened in 1909, connecting Queens to Manhattan . According to a 1909 issue of the Real Estate Record and Guide , development

6649-413: The main post office in Flushing , because they are located closer to Williamsburg. When ZIP Codes were assigned in 1963, the neighborhoods were assigned Brooklyn ZIP Codes with the 112 prefix, along with all areas whose mail was routed through a Brooklyn post office. This gave Glendale and Ridgewood a Brooklyn mailing address despite actually being located in Queens. The neighborhoods' ZIP Code of 11227

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6758-487: The mid-1960s. Within five years, it had become "what often approached a no man's land of abandoned buildings, empty lots, drugs and arson." On the night of July 13, 1977, a major blackout cut power to nearly all of New York City, and arson , looting , and vandalism occurred in low-income neighborhoods across the city. Bushwick suffered some of the most devastating damage and losses. While store owners along Knickerbocker and Graham avenues were able to defend their stores,

6867-415: The neighborhood as of 2010 was 10.7% (6,098) non-Hispanic white , 9.7% (5,533) non-Hispanic black , 0.1% (82) Native American , 6.0% (3,417) Asian , 0.0% (11) Pacific Islander , 0.7% (380) from other races , and 1.0% (582) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71.8% (41,035) of the population. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Bushwick South

6976-401: The neighborhood in large numbers, and Ridgewood's homeownership rates increased. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Ridgewood was 69,317, a decrease of 138 (0.2%) from the 69,455 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 1,156.31 acres (467.94 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 59.9/acre (38,300/sq mi; 14,800/km ). The racial makeup of

7085-673: The neighborhood is the Onderdonk House , which was erected in 1709. Also at the Onderdonk House site is Arbitration Rock , a marker for the disputed boundary between Bushwick and Newtown, and by extension Brooklyn and Queens (see § Border with Bushwick ). The land remained rural through the American Revolutionary War , though there may have been a burial ground in the area. Ridgewood's oldest streets are Myrtle Avenue , Metropolitan Avenue , and Fresh Pond Road, which were used by farmers to take their goods to markets. Fresh Pond Road

7194-534: The neighborhood was 39.8% (27,558) White , 2.0% (1,380) African American , 0.1% (93) Native American , 7.7% (5,331) Asian , 0.0% (19) Pacific Islander , 0.3% (204) from other races , and 1.1% (765) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 49.0% (33,967) of the population. The entirety of Community Board 5, which comprises Maspeth, Ridgewood, Middle Village, and Glendale, had 166,924 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 81.4 years. This

7303-402: The neighborhood's economic base eroded. Discussions of urban renewal took place in the 1960s, but never materialized, resulting in the demolition of many residential buildings with the intent of replacing these structures with public housing, but nothing new was built in its place as these proposals were scrapped. Another contribution to the change in the socioeconomic profile of the neighborhood

7412-468: The neighborhood's median household income was $ 28,802. 32% of the population falls under the poverty line, making Bushwick the 7th-most impoverished neighborhood in New York City. More than 75% of children in the neighborhood are born in poverty. Some 40.3% of students in Bushwick read at grade level in 2007, making it the 49th most literate neighborhood in the city that year. 58.2% of students could work math at grade level in Bushwick, and it ranked as 41st in

7521-497: The neighborhood, closest to Eastern Parkway . By the mid-1950s, migrants began settling into central Bushwick. The availability of block association housing helped many neighborhoods survive the economic and social distress of the 1970s. This change in demographics coincided with changes in the local economy. Rising energy costs, advances in transportation and the change to the use of aluminum cans encouraged beer companies to move out of New York City. As breweries in Bushwick closed,

7630-441: The neighborhood. Several open studios programs are conducted that enable the public to visit artist studios and galleries, and several websites are devoted to promoting neighborhood art and events. Bushwick artists display their works in galleries and private spaces throughout the neighborhood. The borough's first and only trailer park, a 20-person art collective established by founder, Hayden Cummings and ZenoRadio's Baruch Herzfeld,

7739-453: The northern part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn . It is bounded by the neighborhood of Ridgewood, Queens , to the northeast; Williamsburg to the northwest; East New York and the cemeteries of Highland Park to the southeast; Brownsville to the south; and Bedford–Stuyvesant to the southwest. The town was first founded by the Dutch as Boswijck during the Dutch colonization of

7848-402: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 46% in Ridgewood and Maspeth, lower than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Maspeth, Ridgewood, Middle Village, and Glendale are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . Ridgewood is zoned for various land uses, but

7957-401: The political boundary was adapted to the street grid, resulting in a zig-zag pattern. The change resulted in 2,543 persons' addresses being reassigned from Queens to Brooklyn, and 135 persons' addresses reassigned from Brooklyn to Queens. Modern addresses in the two boroughs can be distinguished by the presence or absence of a hyphen in the house number. Queens's house numbering system uses

8066-514: The population. In the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning , they split up the tabulations between west and east Bushwick. West Bushwick had between 30,000 to 39,999 Hispanic residents and 10,000 to 19,999 White residents, meanwhile the Black and Asian populations were each under 5000 residents. East Bushwick had between 30,000 to 39,999 Hispanic residents, 10,000 to 19,999 White residents, and 5,000 to 9,999 Black residents while

8175-530: The presence of the els, another wave of European immigrants settled in the neighborhood. Also, parts of Bushwick became affluent. Brewery owners and doctors commissioned mansions along Bushwick and Irving Avenues at the turn of the 20th century. New York mayor John Francis Hylan kept a townhouse on Bushwick Avenue during this period. Bushwick homes were designed in the Italianate, Neo Greco, Romanesque Revival, and Queen Anne styles by well-known architects. Bushwick

8284-409: The records "was coveted by some municipal officer, who turned its contents upon the floor". At the turn of the 19th century, Bushwick consisted of four villages: Green Point, Bushwick Shore (later known as Williamsburg), Bushwick Green, and Bushwick Crossroads (at the spot where today's Bushwick Avenue turns southeast at Flushing Avenue ). Bushwick's first major expansion occurred after it annexed

8393-436: The rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 55% in Bushwick, higher than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Bushwick is considered to be gentrifying . Though an ethnic neighborhood, Bushwick's population is, for a New York City neighborhood, relatively heterogeneous, scoring

8502-404: The riots were over and the fires were put out, residents saw unsafe dwellings and empty lots among surviving buildings, leading one author to describe the scene as "some streets that looked like Brooklyn Heights , and others that looked like Dresden in 1945": The business vacancy rate on Broadway reached 43% in the wake of the riots. The 1977 blackout and resulting riots left Bushwick without

8611-853: The rise of Nazi Germany , and a large, 9,000-person boycott of Nazi Germany in April 1934 resulted in brawls between Nazi sympathizers and about 200 Communists, members of the Anti-Fascist League of Brooklyn, as well as several hundred members of the Blue Shirt Minutemen of Brownsville and members of the Jewish War Veterans League. Still, in the 1939 WPA Guide to New York City, workers for the Federal Writers' Project described Ridgewood and Bushwick as "old-fashioned and respectable", and said that Ridgewood "rivals Manhattan's Yorkville as

8720-455: The same time period. Ridgewood and Maspeth's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City. In Ridgewood and Maspeth, 14% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year , lower than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 82% of high school students in Ridgewood and Maspeth graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%. Ridgewood's public schools are operated by

8829-406: The six towns three years later and unite them under Kings County in 1683. Many of Bushwick's Dutch records were lost after its annexation by Brooklyn in 1854. Contemporary reports differ on the reason: T. W. Field writes that "a nice functionary of the [Brooklyn] City Hall ... contemptuously thrust them into his waste-paper sacks", while Eugene Armbruster claims that the movable bookcase containing

8938-548: The south and east, cut Bushwick Shore off from the other villages in Bushwick. Farmers and gardeners from the other Bushwick villages sent their goods to Bushwick Shore to be ferried to New York City for sale at a market located at the present-day Grand Street. Bushwick Shore's favorable location close to New York City led to the creation of several farming developments. Originally a 13-acre (53,000 m ) development within Bushwick Shore, Williamsburgh rapidly expanded during

9047-531: The southwest, the border with Queens to the northeast, and the Cemetery of the Evergreens on the southeast. The industrial area north of Flushing Avenue, east of Bushwick Avenue, and south of Grand Street is commonly considered to be either East Williamsburg or part of Bushwick, occasionally with the modifier "Industrial Bushwick". The town of Bushwick—which, along with Brooklyn and Bedford, became incorporated as

9156-533: The south—do not follow this address numbering system. Streets in this area that run perpendicular to the county line are demarcated by a jump in numbering sequence between the two boroughs. Since at least 1898, when the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens were created as part of the City of Greater New York , Glendale and Ridgewood's postal mail had been routed through the main Brooklyn post office in Williamsburg , rather than

9265-807: The turn of the 20th century. Most of the buildings were designed by local architect Louis Berger & Co. , which designed more than 5,000 buildings in the area. The neighborhood has been largely untouched by construction since then, leaving many centrally planned blocks of houses and tenements still in the same state as their construction. These blocks include the Mathews Flats (six-family cold water tenements ), Ring-Gibson Houses (two- and four-family houses with stores), and Stier Houses (curved two-family rowhouses). Many of these houses are well-kept and retain much of their early 20th century appeal. There are low-density commercial districts along Myrtle, Forest, and Metropolitan Avenues and Fresh Pond Road. Ridgewood

9374-455: The war's end, and by the 1930s the last farmland in Ridgewood had been developed. Some of the later houses were single-family homes with garages. Two of the more drastic changes to Ridgewood's character in the 1920s were the implementation of a street numbering system across Queens in 1925, followed by the opening of the Canarsie subway on the neighborhood's southern border in 1928. Ridgewood

9483-622: The west (save for a short distance between Bushwick Avenue's northern terminus and the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway, where Woodpoint Road and Kingsland Avenue are the western boundaries), the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway on the north, and the Brooklyn–Queens border on the east—thus including the industrial area north of Flushing Avenue and east of Bushwick Avenue. The centroid , or geographic center , of New York City

9592-503: The west. Historically, the neighborhood straddled the Queens-Brooklyn boundary. The etymology of Ridgewood's name is disputed, but it may have referred to Ridgewood Reservoir , the local geography, or a road. The British settled Ridgewood in the 17th century, while the Dutch settled nearby Bushwick. The adjacent settlements led to decades of disputes over the boundary, which later became the border between Queens and Brooklyn. Bushwick

9701-518: The western boundary of Ridgewood truly lies and whether part of Ridgewood is considered to be actually part of Brooklyn. The political dispute dates to the 17th century, when Newtown was under English rule and Boswijck was under Dutch rule. Disputes over the boundary between the two settlements continued until 1769, when a boundary line was drawn through what later became known as the Arbitration Rock . The street grid plan in Ridgewood and Bushwick

9810-544: Was 72,101, an increase of 7,484 (11.6%) from the 64,617 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 923.64 acres (373.78 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 78.1 inhabitants per acre (50,000/sq mi; 19,300/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 9.5% (6,819) non-Hispanic white , 28.1% (20,281) black , 0.2% (155) Native American , 2.4% (1,734) Asian , 0.0% (21) Pacific Islander , 0.4% (268) from other races , and 1.1% (809) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 58.3% (42,014) of

9919-610: Was a center of culture, with several Vaudeville-era playhouses, including the Amphion Theatre, the nation's first theatre with electric lighting. The wealth of the neighborhood peaked between World War I and World War II , even when events such as Prohibition and the Great Depression were taking place. After World War I, the German enclave was steadily replaced by a significant proportion of Italian Americans . By 1950, Bushwick

10028-500: Was among New York City's most quickly-developing neighborhoods between at least 1906 and 1911. Much of the new housing was originally settled by Germans, who had mostly moved from other neighborhoods such as Williamsburg . To the German newcomers, the modern and more expansive houses in Ridgewood provided an improvement over the cramped housing stock in their former neighborhoods. A 1913 Real Estate Record article stated that, for several years, Germans had been moving to Ridgewood from

10137-531: Was at the edge of Bushwick, at Gates Avenue and Broadway . This line was extended southeastward into East New York shortly thereafter. By the end of 1889, the Broadway Elevated and the Myrtle Avenue Elevated were completed, enabling easier access to Downtown Brooklyn and Manhattan and the rapid residential development of Bushwick from farmland. With the success of the brewing industry and

10246-491: Was concentrated in a 150-block area around East Williamsburg in Brooklyn, namely the present-day area of Ridgewood. More than five thousand buildings were built from the beginning of the 20th century to World War I 's start in the mid-1910s. Residential construction predominated in the southern part of Ridgewood while industrial factories and mills were prevalent in the northern section, near Newtown Creek . Construction slowed down during World War I, but resumed shortly after

10355-435: Was developed rapidly in the 19th century, but Ridgewood remained sparsely populated until the early 20th century, when rowhouses were built for its rapidly growing, predominantly German population. Ridgewood has become more ethnically diverse since the mid-20th century. Large parts of the neighborhood are national and city historic districts. Ridgewood is patrolled by the New York City Police Department 's 104th Precinct. It

10464-558: Was established within a former nut roasting factory for live/work spaces. A Bushwick-centered news site, entitled Bushwick Daily , was founded in 2010 by Katarina Hybenova, and features community issues, events, food, art and culture. Starting in the mid-2000s, the city and state governments began the Bushwick Initiative, a two-year pilot program spearheaded by the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) and various community projects. The group's goal

10573-491: Was extended to Brooklyn's Broadway in 1855. Following this, the Bay Ridge Branch opened in 1878, connecting to Sheepshead Bay , Manhattan Beach , and the Brooklyn shorefront via the Manhattan Beach Railroad . The Myrtle Avenue elevated railroad , running above Myrtle Avenue within Brooklyn, was extended to the Queens border in 1889. An electric trolley line through Ridgewood, running to Lutheran Cemetery ,

10682-469: Was formerly a Native American trail; the other roads were laid out as plank roads in the early to mid-19th century. The development of public transportation, starting with horse-drawn cars in the mid-19th century and later succeeded by trolleys and elevated trains, helped to spur residential and retail development. The first transit line to arrive in the neighborhood was the Myrtle Avenue horsecar , which

10791-701: Was laid out in the late 19th century. Because the Arbitration Rock lay along a diagonal with this grid plan, numerous houses were built on the Brooklyn-Queens boundary, their owners sometimes subject to taxes from both counties. During the 19th century, this resulted in situations where some houses received water and fire protection from what was then the city of Brooklyn, while their neighbors in Queens had to rely on volunteer firefighting squads and paid exorbitant water bills to private utilities in Elmhurst. In 1925,

10900-716: Was made effective January 13, 1980. The Ridgewood Times , established in 1908 and now known as the Times Newsweekly , serves as the community newspaper . It is published in English and was formerly published in German as well. The Ridgewood Post is an online version of the community newspaper. It is a part of the Queens Post group, a subsidiary of Outer Boro Media, which publishes seven local news sites in Queens and one in North Brooklyn. Ridgewood and Maspeth generally have

11009-557: Was one of New York City's largest Italian American neighborhoods, although some German Americans remained. The Italian community was composed almost entirely of Sicilians, mostly from the Palermo , Trapani , and Agrigento provinces in Sicily . In particular, the Sicilian townsfolk of Menfi, Santa Margherita di Belice, Trapani, Castelvetrano, and many other paesi had their own clubs ( clubbu ) in

11118-656: Was opened along a private right-of-way in 1894. Ten years later, the Myrtle Avenue Elevated was extended on a ground level alignment over that trolley line. The current elevated structure would be erected along the Lutheran Cemetery line's right-of-way in 1915. Simultaneously, northern Brooklyn was seeing an increase in the number of German immigrants . Many of the city's German immigrants had originally settled in Manhattan's Little Germany , located mostly within

11227-472: Was originally organized primarily as Brooklyn's 18th Ward from the annexation of Bushwick. Now part of Brooklyn Community District 1 , the area of East Williamsburg is nevertheless considered by some to be part of Bushwick. For its entry on Bushwick–Ridgewood, the American Institute of Architects ' AIA Guide to New York City uses the area bounded by the Cemetery Belt on the south, Bushwick Avenue on

11336-434: Was shared with Bushwick, Brooklyn , as well as with Wyckoff Heights on the border of the two boroughs. After the 1977 New York City blackout , newspapers around the country published UPI and Associated Press ' photos of Bushwick residents with stolen items and a police officer beating a suspected looter, and Bushwick became known for riots and looting. Afterward, the communities of Ridgewood and Glendale expressed

11445-414: Was similar to that of many Brooklyn neighborhoods. The U.S. Census records show that the neighborhood's population was almost 90% white in 1960, but dropped to less than 40% white by 1970. During this transition, white-collar workers were being replaced by those migrating from the south. Puerto Ricans , African Americans , among other Caribbean American families, moved into homes in the southeastern edge of

11554-469: Was the John Lindsay administration's policy of raising available rent for welfare recipients. Since these tenants could now bring higher rents than tenants would on the open market, landlords began filling vacant units with such tenants. By the mid-1970s, half of Bushwick's residents were on public assistance. According to The New York Times , Bushwick was "a neatly maintained community of wood houses" by

11663-542: Was the hub of the Sicilian community, and held five feasts during the year, complete with processions of saints or Our Lady of Trapani. St. Joseph opened in 1923 because the Italian community had been rapidly growing in Bushwick since 1900. This Sicilian community first was centered in Our Lady of Pompeii parish on Siegel Street in Williamsburgh. As industry expanded along Flushing Avenue , the Sicilian population expanded with

11772-458: Was the last of the original six Dutch towns of Brooklyn to be established within New Netherland . The community was settled, though unchartered, on February 16, 1660, on a plot of land between the Bushwick and Newtown Creeks by fourteen French and Huguenot settlers, a Dutch translator named Peter Jan De Witt, and one of the original eleven slaves brought to New Netherland , Franciscus

11881-647: Was to improve quality of life in the twenty-three square blocks surrounding Maria Hernandez Park through various programs such as addressing deteriorated housing conditions, increasing economic development opportunities, and reducing drug dealing activities. The group's crime-reduction activities included collaboration with the HPD's Narcotics Control Unit and the New York City Police Department's 83rd Precinct and Narcotics Division to reduce drug-dealing. To reduce lead hazards in buildings, HPD and DOHMH created

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