Misplaced Pages

#345654

43-672: Damaan Valley is a valley of Dera Ismail Khan District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan . It is situated 55 km from Dera Ismail Khan . Sherani mountain range on its west side and Sulaiman Range in the south-west. Pezu mountains Sheikh Budin range mark its boundary on the north east side. River Indus bounds Damaan from the east and Dera Ghazi Khan District Punjab lies on its south side. Dera Ismail Khan District Dera Ismail Khan District ( Urdu and Saraiki : ضلع ڈیره اسماعیل خان , Pashto : دېره اسماعيل خان ولسوالۍ ), often abbreviated as D.I. Khan

86-525: A Greek education, brought me to the sages at an age somewhat too early perhaps, for I was only twelve at the time, but they brought me up like their own son; for any that they admit knowing the Greek tongue they are especially fond of, because they consider that in virtue of the similarity of his disposition he already belongs to themselves." The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is a surviving 1st century guide to

129-692: A bare chest, jewelry, belt, baggy trousers). A palette from the Naprstek Museum in Prague shows an Indo-Parthian king seated crossed-legged on a large sofa, surrounded by two attendants also in Parthian dress. They are shown drinking and serving wine. Some pockets of Parthian rule remained in the East, even after the takeover by the Sassanids in 226. From the 2nd century several Central-Asian Buddhist missionaries appeared in

172-439: A big circular ground encircled by spectators) are still popular among native Saraiki people and have been for decades. The district is subdivided into six Tehsils which contain a total of 47 Union Councils : After the merger of Tribal areas, Darazinda is now also a tehsil of D.I.Khan. 32°00′N 70°30′E  /  32.000°N 70.500°E  / 32.000; 70.500 Indo-Parthian Kingdom The kingdom

215-497: A frontality in representations which is considered as characteristic of Parthian art. Such palettes have only been found in archaeological layers corresponding to Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian and Indo-Parthian rule, and are essentially unknown the preceding Mauryan layers or the succeeding Kushan layers. Very often these palettes represent people in Greek dress in mythological scenes, but a few of them represent people in Parthian dress (head-bands over bushy hair, crossed-over jacket on

258-507: A quantity of Hellenistic artifacts combined with elements of Buddhist worship ( stupas ). Some other temples, such as nearby Jandial may have been used as a Zoroastrian fire temple . The statues found at Sirkap in the late Scythian to Parthian level (level 2, 1–60 AD) suggest an already developed state of Gandharan art at the time or even before Parthian rule. A multiplicity of statues, ranging from Hellenistic gods, to various Gandharan lay devotees, are combined with what are thought as some of

301-503: A ruler of Seistan in what is today eastern Iran, probably a vassal or relative of the Apracarajas . He may have replaced previous Parthian governors of Seistan, such as Cheiroukes or Tanlismaidates . These Parthian satraps had been ruling the region of Sakastan since the time when Mithridates II (124–88 BC) had vanquished the Sakas of the region. Around 20–10 BC, he made conquests in

344-723: Is a district in the Dera Ismail Khan division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan . The capital of the district is the town of Dera Ismail Khan . The district has an area of 9,334 km (3,604 sq mi) and a population of 1,822,916 as of the 2023 Census. After the Second Anglo-Sikh war in 1849 the district was annexed by the British as part of the Punjab and remained so until 1901 when NWFP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

387-517: Is known all over Pakistan, and brings a lot of attention to the district and the city. Football is a very popular game in Dera Ismail Khan. Other games including cricket , hockey , badminton , and many more are played as well. Ali Amin Khan has also provided a platform for more involvement in sports in this region. In 2017, he introduced a tennis ball cricket league, named Dera Premier League, and

430-648: Is protected by the Sheikh Badin National Park . Near the Indus River is a spur of limestone hills known as the Kafir Kot hills, where the ancient Hindu complex of Kafir Kot is located. DI Khan is also considered the center of Pakistan because of its location between Bhakkar , Mianwali of North Punjab , Zhob of Balochistan and South Waziristan of Pakistan's tribal belt . It is named after Dodai mercenary Ismail Khan, son of Malik Sohrab Dodai of

473-610: Is the Gondophares referred to in the Takht-i-Bahi inscription. There were other minor kings: Sanabares was an ephemeral usurper in Seistan, who called himself Great King of Kings, and there was also a second Abdagases Coin , a ruler named Agata in Sind, another ruler called Satavastres Coin , and an anonymous prince who claimed to be brother of the king Arsaces, in that case an actual member of

SECTION 10

#1732855040346

516-517: Is thought to have been a capital of the Indo-Parthians. Large strata were excavated by Sir John Marshall with a quantity of Parthian-style artifacts. The nearby temple of Jandial is usually interpreted as a Zoroastrian fire temple from the period of the Indo-Parthians. Some ancient writings describe the presence of the Indo-Parthians in the area, such as the story of Saint Thomas the Apostle , who

559-420: The 2023 census , Dera Ismail Khan district has 270,021 households and a population of 1,829,811. The district has a sex ratio of 110.24 males to 100 females and a literacy rate of 46.58%: 58.14% for males and 33.71% for females. 559,401 (30.69% of the surveyed population) are under 10 years of age. 374,757 (20.48%) live in urban areas. The Dera Ismail Khan district has many schools and colleges, predominantly in

602-473: The Hindu deity Shiva have also been found issued in the reign of Gondophares I. On their coins and in the art of Gandhara, Indo-Parthians are depicted with short crossover jackets and large baggy trousers, possibly supplemented by chap -like over-trousers. Their jackets are adorned with rows of decorative rings or medals. Their hair is usually bushy and contained with a headband, a practise largely adopted by

645-575: The Indus river which intersected it from north to south. To the west of the Indus, the characteristics of the country resembled those of Dera Ghazi Khan . To the east of the present bed of the river, there is a wide track known as the Kachi, exposed to river action. Beyond this, the country rises abruptly, and a barren, almost desert plain stretches eastwards, sparsely cultivated, and inhabited by nomadic tribes. In 1901,

688-739: The Koh-e-Sulaiman mountain in the neighboring Baluchistan province. In the northwest is the Tank District . D.I Khan is separated from the Marwat plains of the Lakki Marwat district by a spur of clay and sandstone hills that stretch east from the Sulaiman mountains to the Indus river known as the Sheikh Badin Hills. The highest peak in the range is the limestone Sheik Badin mountain, which

731-568: The Kuffar (Disbelievers)). These Hindu Shahi forts were known for high towers and steep defensive walls. The Hindus also built many Hindu temples around the area. However, many of them are now in rubble. The Hindu Shahis remained in control of the area until their defeat by the Turkic Muslim army of Ghaznavids. The district is part of what was historically territory inhabited by the Baloch people during

774-515: The Langah Sultanate , who laid the foundation of the area. The Dera Ismail Khan District is littered with ruins from ancient civilizations . Dera Ismail Khan is home to the collection of Hindu ruins from two separate sites 20 miles apart, jointly known as Kafir Kot . The region came under the influence of the Nanda empire of the ancient India from 300 BCE. With the rise of Chandragupta Maurya ,

817-655: The 1st. century. They managed to retain control of Sakastan , until its conquest by the Sasanian Empire in c. 224/5. In Baluchistan , the Paratarajas , a local Indo-Parthian dynasty, fell into the orbit of the Sasanian Empire circa 262 CE. The Indo-Parthians are noted for the construction of the Buddhist monastery Takht-i-Bahi ( UNESCO World Heritage Site ) in Mardan, Pakistan. Gondophares I originally seems to have been

860-558: The Buddhist triratna symbol (apart from the later Sases ), nor do they ever use depictions of the elephant or the bull, possible religious symbols which were profusely used by their predecessors. They are thought to have retained Zoroastrianism , being of Iranian extraction themselves. This Iranian mythological system was inherited from them by the later Kushans who ruled from the Peshawar - Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan . Coins of

903-599: The Buddhist ruler Kanishka . After the fall of the Kushans, the region came under the control of the Gupta empire of the ancient India. During this period, Hindu and Buddhist art and architecture flourished in the area. With the decline of the imperial Guptas, the Hindu Shahis came to rule the area. The Hindu Shahis built two massive forts in the northern edges of Dera Ismail Khan. The forts were later renamed as "Kafir kots" (forts of

SECTION 20

#1732855040346

946-573: The Parthians from the 1st century AD. Individuals in Indo-Parthian attire are sometimes shown as actors in Buddhist devotional scenes. It is usually considered that most of the excavations that were done at Sirkap near Taxila by John Marshall relate to Indo-Parthian layers, although more recent scholarship sometimes relates them to the Indo-Greeks instead. These archaeological researches provided

989-668: The Sawad to Istakhr, from there irst to Sagistan, then to Gurgan, then to Abrasahr, Merv, Balkh, and Khwarizm to the farthest boundaries of the provinces of Kohrasan, whereupon he returned to Merv. Ater he had killed many people and sent their heads to the Fire temple of Anahedh he returned from Merv to Pars and settled in Gor. Then envoys of the king of the Kushan, of the kings of Turan and Mokran came to him with declarations of their submission." The city of Taxila

1032-462: The advent of Christianity, but there is no evidence for this assumption, and Senior's research shows that Gondophares I could be dated even before 1 AD. If the account is even historical, Saint Thomas may have encountered one of the later kings who bore the same title. The Greek philosopher Apollonius of Tyana is related by Philostratus in Life of Apollonius Tyana to have visited India, and specifically

1075-487: The capital of Dera Ismail Khan. Beaconhouse School System The district is represented in the National Assembly by two elected MNAs who represent the following constituencies: Sobat is a traditional dish predominantly prepared in the capital of Dera Ismail Khan. It consists of chicken , onions , garlic , tomatoes , khusk dhania, garam masala , turmeric , and other spices. It is usually eaten as dinner. Sobat

1118-493: The city of Taxila around 46 AD. He describes constructions of the Greek type, probably referring to Sirkap , and explains that the Indo-Parthian king of Taxila, named Phraotes , received a Greek education at the court of his father and spoke Greek fluently: "Tell me, O King, how you acquired such a command of the Greek tongue, and whence you derived all your philosophical attainments in this place?" [...]-"My father, after

1161-470: The death of Gondophares I, the empire started to fragment. The name or title Gondophares was adapted by Sarpedones , who become Gondophares II and was possibly son of the first Gondophares. Even though he claimed to be the main ruler, Sarpedones’ rule was shaky and he issued a fragmented coinage in Sind, eastern Punjab and Arachosia in southern Afghanistan. The most important successor was Abdagases , Gondophares’ nephew, who ruled in Punjab and possibly in

1204-691: The early representations of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas. Today, it is still unclear when the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara exactly emerged, but the findings in Sirkap do indicate that this art was already highly developed before the advent of the Kushans . Numerous stone palettes found in Gandhara are considered as good representatives of Indo-Parthian art. These palettes combine Greek and Persian influences, together with

1247-457: The former Indo-Scythian kingdom, perhaps after the death of the important ruler Azes . Gondophares became the ruler of areas comprising Arachosia , Seistan , Sindh , Punjab , and the Kabul valley, but it does not seem as though he held territory beyond eastern Punjab . Gondophares called himself "King of Kings", a Parthian title that in his case correctly reflects that the Indo-Parthian empire

1290-527: The homeland of Seistan. After a short reign, Sarpedones seems to have been succeeded by Orthagnes , who became Gondophares III Gadana . Orthagnes ruled mostly in Seistan and Arachosia, with Abdagases further east, during the first decades AD, and was briefly succeeded by his son Ubouzanes Coin . After 20 AD, a king named Sases , a nephew of the Apracaraja ruler Aspavarma, took over Abdagases’ territories and became Gondophares IV Sases . According to Senior, this

1333-686: The medieval India, who were invited to settle in the region by Shah Husseyn of the Langah Sultanate of Multan . These Baloch settlers were displaced by or assimilated into later waves of the Pashtun settlement. Dera Ismail Khan was created as an administrative unit of the British India , part of the Derajat Division of the North-West Frontier Province (Now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ). It was formerly divided into almost two equal portions by

Damaan Valley - Misplaced Pages Continue

1376-964: The newly independent State of Pakistan . In 2016, 191,000 acres in the district were brought under cultivation with completion of the Gomal Zam dam , and a series of irrigation canals partially funded by the United States Government . Languages Saraiki are main ethnic groups in Dera Ismail Khan District in simple majority. Total population of DI Khan District is 1,822,916 consists of Males 956,098 & females 866,667 as of 2023 Pakistani census . Languages of Dera Ismail Khan District ( 2023 Pakistani census ) There are 1,198,862 Saraiki , 582,703 Pashto , 31,152 Urdu , 4,765 Punjabi , 863 Sindhi , 791 Balochi , 490 Kashmiri , 2,738 Hindko , 5 Brahui , 18 Shina , 2 Balti , 3 Kalasha & 524 others of total 1,822,916 As of

1419-713: The region came under the complete control of the Mauryan empire . Afterward, the region was briefly and nominally controlled by the Shunga empire . However, with the decline of the Shungas, the region passed to local Hindu and Buddhist rulers and was interrupted by foreign rulers. Many of these foreign rulers, like the Indo-Parthians , Sakas, and Kushans converted to Hinduism and Buddhism and promoted these Indian religions throughout central and south Asia. The region reached its height under

1462-581: The routes commonly being used for navigating the Arabian Sea. It describes the presence of Parthian kings fighting with each other in the area of Sindh, a region traditionally known at that time as "Scythia" due to the previous rule of the Indo-Scythians there: An inscription from Takht-i-Bahi bears two dates, one in the regnal year 26 of the Maharaja Guduvhara (again thought to be a Gondophares), and

1505-557: The ruling dynasty in Parthia . But the Indo-Parthians never regained the position of Gondophares I, and from the middle of the 1st century AD the Kushans under Kujula Kadphises began absorbing the northern Indian part of the kingdom. The Indo-Parthians managed to retain control of Turan and Sakastan , which they ruled until the fall of the Parthian Empire at the hands of the Sasanian Empire circa 230 CE. Pahares I (160-230 AD)

1548-409: The teams from different geographical regions of Pakistan competed. Season two was held in 2018. DPL became Pakistan's biggest tape ball cricket tournament. Dera Ismail Khan has a cricket team as well: Dera Ismail Khan cricket team . Some cultural games ( kabaddi , mailay and kodi , which is played by three sportsmen called pehlwaan where one runs while two other have to catch him in

1591-524: The trans-Indus tract was allotted to the newly formed North-West Frontier Province , the cis-Indus tract remaining in the Punjab jurisdiction. The cis-Indus portions of the Dera Ismail Khan and the Bannu districts now comprise the new Punjab district of Mianwali . Wheat and wool were exported. In 1901, it contained an area of 8,814 km (3,403 sq mi) and a population of 252,379. In 1947, it became part of

1634-626: The year 103 of an unknown era. We do not know the religion of the House of Suren although we know they were in religious conflict with the Zoroastrian Arsacid dynasty . Unlike the Indo-Greeks or Indo-Scythians, there are no explicit records of Indo-Parthian rulers supporting Buddhism, such as religious dedications, inscriptions, or even legendary accounts. Also, although Indo-Parthian coins generally closely follow Greek numismatics, they never display

1677-545: Was a ruler of Turan following the partition of the remains of the Indo-Parthian kingdom . The kingdom of Sakastan was ruled by a second king with the name Sanabares II (160-175 AD). The Kingdoms of Turan and Sakastan ended when they submitted to the Sasanian ruler Ardeshir I circa 230 CE. These events were recorded by Al-Tabari , describing the arrival of envoys to Ardeshir at Gor : “Then he [Ardashir] marched back from

1720-605: Was created. The district of Dera Ismail Khan is bounded on the North east by the Bhakkar and Dera Ghazi Khan districts of Punjab . Eastern portions of the district along the Indus river are characterized by fertile alluvial plains, while lands farther from the river consist of clay soil cut by ravines from rainfall. The district is bounded on the southwest by a thin strip of the South Waziristan district, which separates D.I Khan from

1763-464: Was founded in 19/20 when the governor of Drangiana ( Sakastan ) Gondophares declared independence from the Parthian Empire . He would later make expeditions to the east, conquering territory from the Indo-Scythians and Indo-Greeks , thus transforming his kingdom into an empire. The domains of the Indo-Parthians were greatly reduced following the invasions of the Kushans in the second half of

Damaan Valley - Misplaced Pages Continue

1806-544: Was only a loose framework: a number of smaller dynasts certainly maintained their positions during the Indo-Parthian period, likely in exchange for their recognition of Gondophares and his successors. These smaller dynasts included the Apracarajas themselves, and Indo-Scythian satraps such as Zeionises and Rajuvula , as well as anonymous Scythians who struck imitations of Azes coins. The Ksaharatas also held sway in Gujarat , perhaps just outside Gondophares' dominions. After

1849-496: Was recruited as a carpenter to serve at the court of king "Gudnaphar" (thought to be Gondophares) in India. The Acts of Thomas describes in chapter 17 Thomas' visit to king Gudnaphar in northern India; chapters 2 and 3 depict him as embarking on a sea voyage to India, thus connecting Thomas to the west coast of India. As Senior points out, this Gudnaphar has usually been identified with the first Gondophares, who has thus been dated after

#345654