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52-701: The construction of DHZ started in 1991. Dalian Software Park was added in 1998. The second phase of Dalian Software Park kicked off in 2003 at the site of Dalian Ascendas IT Park, which officially opened in 2007. DHZ is often called "Lushun South Road Software Industry Belt". The whole area of Dalian Hi-tech Zone is under the oversight of the Dalian Hi-tech Industrial Zone Administrative Committee, but all parks therein are managed by private enterprises, except Dalian Hi-tech Zone and Animation Industry Base. From east to west, they are: Shahekou District Now being reclaimed from

104-412: A deadline. Software analysis begins with a requirements analysis to capture the business needs of the software. Challenges for the identification of needs are that current or potential users may have different and incompatible needs, may not understand their own needs, and change their needs during the process of software development. Ultimately, the result of analysis is a detailed specification for

156-520: A reduced tax rate of 15% rather than the usual 25% for high-tech companies. The preferential policy of Dalian City can be summarized in the following points: See here for details. About 20 minutes by taxi from the Airport , the major hotels on Renmin Road, or Dalian Railway Station . See here for details. See here for details. See here for details The construction of Dalian Software Park Phase 2

208-511: Is a framework that provides the viewpoints on the system and its environment , to be used in the software development process . It is a graphical representation of the underlying semantics of a view. The purpose of viewpoints and views is to enable human engineers to comprehend very complex systems and to organize the elements of the problem around domains of expertise . In the engineering of physically intensive systems, viewpoints often correspond to capabilities and responsibilities within

260-488: Is a major aspect of DLSP's tenant's offshore business. Having been the major industrial base of Manchukuo during Japanese colonization, Dalian has a history of foreign investment. Since the early 1980s, Dalian has been a major recipient of Japanese and Korean foreign investment. Software development in Dalian began in the early 1980s. To attract economic activity, the municipal government established Dalian Development Area in

312-408: Is a popular way of managing changes made to the software. Whenever a new version is checked in, the software saves a backup of all modified files. If multiple programmers are working on the software simultaneously, it manages the merging of their code changes. The software highlights cases where there is a conflict between two sets of changes and allows programmers to fix the conflict. A view model

364-468: Is an industrial zone , created in 1998 in the western suburbs of Dalian City , Liaoning Province, China , where many of the world's large and medium-sized IT-related companies have set up shop to do software development and information services. It is part of Dalian Hi-tech Zone in the broader sense. While American and European companies typically have gone to Bangalore and other cities in India because of

416-449: Is correctly incorporated with the newer software. Design involves choices about the implementation of the software, such as which programming languages and database software to use, or how the hardware and network communications will be organized. Design may be iterative with users consulted about their needs in a process of trial and error . Design often involves people expert in aspect such as database design , screen architecture, and

468-516: Is done mostly by the engineering school graduates of the universities, while embedded software development requires more technical skills in the areas, such as telecommunications or special hardware . Those workers involved in BPO varies from the middle school graduates for data entry , to the foreign language school graduates for simpler BPO work, and the returnees of overseas studies for inbound or outbound call center /contact center work. To emphasize

520-833: Is essential to success. This is more easily achieved if the team is small, used to working together, and located near each other. Communications also help identify problems at an earlier state of development and avoid duplicated effort. Many development projects avoid the risk of losing essential knowledge held by only one employee by ensuring that multiple workers are familiar with each component. Software development involves professionals from various fields, not just software programmers but also individuals specialized in testing, documentation writing, graphic design , user support, marketing , and fundraising. Although workers for proprietary software are paid, most contributors to open-source software are volunteers. Alternately, they may be paid by companies whose business model does not involve selling

572-399: Is helpful for new developers to understand the project when they begin working on it. In agile development, the documentation is often written at the same time as the code. User documentation is more frequently written by technical writers . Accurate estimation is crucial at the feasibility stage and in delivering the product on time and within budget. The process of generating estimations

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624-422: Is inefficient, difficult to understand, or lacking documentation on its functionality. These standards are especially likely to break down in the presence of deadlines. As a result, testing, debugging, and revising the code becomes much more difficult. Code refactoring , for example adding more comments to the code, is a solution to improve the understandability of code. Testing is the process of ensuring that

676-600: Is known for a relatively mild climate in this region with otherwise severe winter. Dalian has a metropolitan population of about 6 million. It is the most developed city in the northeast region . Most of the IT workers come from the engineering schools of the universities in Dalian and other cities in Northeast China . In Dalian, there are Dalian University of Technology , Dalian Jiaotong University , Dalian Maritime University , and Dalian Neusoft University of Information which

728-512: Is located at DLUFL. Dalian is particularly unique in the fact that there are many workers with Japanese language ability for the following historical reasons: Another factor contributing to the Japanese language capability in Dalian is the presence of about two million ethnic Koreans , most of whom live in the Northeast. Culturally and linguistically, China's ethnic Koreans are nearly identical to

780-440: Is often delegated by the project manager . Because the effort estimation is directly related to the size of the complete application, it is strongly influenced by addition of features in the requirements—the more requirements, the higher the development cost. Aspects not related to functionality, such as the experience of the software developers and code reusability, are also essential to consider in estimation. As of 2019 , most of

832-432: Is often used to break down the customer's requirements into pieces that can be implemented by software programmers. The underlying logic of the program may be represented in data-flow diagrams , data dictionaries , pseudocode , state transition diagrams , and/or entity relationship diagrams . If the project incorporates a piece of legacy software that has not been modeled, this software may be modeled to help ensure it

884-409: Is one of China's 11 "National Software Industry Bases" and one of five "National Software Export Bases." Currently, more than 300 companies, including 32 Global 500 corporations, have offices in the park. The nearest airport, Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport , is 10–20 km away from Dalian Software Park. Its nearest national highway is G202. Beginning in the 1980s, many IT companies in

936-490: Is rare in China where all other software parks are managed either directly by local governments or indirectly by government agencies. The company provides professional services, from registration and basic property management to human resource services to assist in the operations of the IT companies. See also " Preferential policies " below. Today, Dalian Software Park is the leading business park management and development company in

988-401: Is robust to heavy levels of input or usage), integration testing (to ensure that the software is adequately integrated with other software), and compatibility testing (measuring the software's performance across different operating systems or browsers). When tests are written before the code, this is called test-driven development . Production is the phase in which software is deployed to

1040-508: Is surrounded by the hills on the three sides and by the Yellow Sea on the remaining side, and is an academic area where Dalian University of Technology and Dongbei University of Finance and Economics are located. Management of the Park is done by Dalian Software Park Co., Ltd., a private enterprise 100 percent owned by one of the three largest real estate developers in Dalian ( Yida Group ), which

1092-850: Is the process of designing and implementing a software solution to satisfy a user . The process is more encompassing than programming , writing code , in that it includes conceiving the goal, evaluating feasibility, analyzing requirements , design , testing and release . The process is part of software engineering which also includes organizational management , project management , configuration management and other aspects. Software development involves many skills and job specializations including programming , testing , documentation , graphic design , user support , marketing , and fundraising . Software development involves many tools including: compiler , integrated development environment (IDE), version control , computer-aided software engineering , and word processor . The details of

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1144-722: Is within the Park. In other cities, there are Northeast University in Shenyang, Jilin University in Changchun, and Harbin Industrial University in Harbin. Workers with English ability come from the various universities where English is predominantly their first foreign language, but they lack the experience of the Indian university graduates with working knowledge of English. There are also

1196-730: The Yellow Sea Under construction Under construction There are universities and research centers in this area, where about half of all the universities of Dalian are located. From east to west are: In Dalian City, there are: There are other parks, often called the "hi-tech zones" of Dalian. Dalian BEST City ( 大连生态科技创新城 ) is located along Lushun North Road. New Jinzhou District including Dalian Development Area has DD Port and other hi-tech areas. Dalian Software Park Dalian Software Park ( simplified Chinese : 大连软件园 ; traditional Chinese : 大連軟件園 ; pinyin : Dàlián ruǎnjiàn yuán ), also called DLSP ,

1248-471: The programming language ). Documentation comes in two forms that are usually kept separate—that intended for software developers, and that made available to the end user to help them use the software. Most developer documentation is in the form of code comments for each file, class , and method that cover the application programming interface (API)—how the piece of software can be accessed by another—and often implementation details. This documentation

1300-524: The " Lushun South Road Software Industry Belt" Plan is proceeding, including Dalian Software Park Phase 2. Dalian has recently become an important center for information technology offshoring and business process outsourcing , similar to Bangalore in India; the city was described in The World Is Flat by Thomas Friedman (2007). In another way, Dalian is the forerunner of China's "Re-Development of

1352-627: The 1990s Dalian City has emphasized the development of the IT industry, especially in Dalian Hi-tech Zone and Dalian Software Park in the western suburbs near Dalian University of Technology . There are Chinese IT companies (such as DHC, hiSoft and Neusoft Group ) and American, European, Indian and Japanese IT companies, such as Accenture , Dell , Genpact , HP , IBM , Liferay , SAP AG , Oracle Corporation , Siemens , Alpine , CSK Holding , Panasonic , NEC , Sony , Cisco , Netapp , British Telecom , Aspect , and Fidelity . Currently,

1404-839: The English language capability, Japanese companies have gone to Dalian and other cities in China due to the Japanese language capability. DLSP is owned by Dalian Software Park Co., Ltd. , which was invested and established by Yida Group and is a professional service provider in business park development, management and operation. By the end of 2009, there were over 500 enterprises in the Dalian Software Park, 41 percent of which are foreign-funded. There are 37 Fortune 500 companies including IBM, HP, Accenture, Panasonic, Sony, Hitachi, NTT, Oracle, AVAYA, NEC, Fidelity, BT etc. In 2009, Dalian Software Park realized an annual sales income of RMB 20.2 billion, with an export value of US$ 0.86 billion. Dalian

1456-543: The English-speaking returnees of study abroad, typically from U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain. French speaking workers are from Dalian University of Foreign Languages (DLUFL, 100 graduates each year), Liaoning Normal University (LNNU, 30 graduates each year) or the returnees of study abroad, typically in France and Quebec, Canada. L'Alliance française, France's worldwide network of French language education,

1508-524: The Old Industry Bases in Northeast" National Project , which began in 2002. Today, Dalian is the most established information technology outsourcing (ITO) and business processing outsourcing (BPO) city in the PRC and among the top ITO and BPO destinations in the world. Dalian Software Park (DLSP) was established in 1998, in the 3 km area, in the western suburb of Dalian , near Dalian Hi-tech Zone. It

1560-564: The PRC. In addition to the park in Dalian, DLSP has developed parks in Wuhan, Suzhou, and Tianjin. Established in 1999, Dalian Software Park is a key part of the development of Dalian, a hub of the international IT industry in China . With an area covering 7.16 square kilometers, Dalian Software Park is one of the ten State-level software industry bases. Its export volume is increasing by 100 percent annually. Over 300 enterprises, including more than 60 foreign companies, have settled their IT business in

1612-489: The available methodologies are best suited to specific kinds of projects, based on various technical, organizational, project, and team considerations. Another focus in many programming methodologies is the idea of trying to catch issues such as security vulnerabilities and bugs as early as possible ( shift-left testing ) to reduce the cost of tracking and fixing them. In 2009, it was estimated that 32 percent of software projects were delivered on time and budget, and with

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1664-423: The code executes correctly and without errors. Debugging is performed by each software developer on their own code to confirm that the code does what it is intended to. In particular, it is crucial that the software executes on all inputs, even if the result is incorrect. Code reviews by other developers are often used to scrutinize new code added to the project, and according to some estimates dramatically reduce

1716-596: The developed world began to take interest in offshore labour markets. IT related work in the developed countries had been suffering from lack of IT workers and increased cost. The worldwide trend is now moving from domestic outsourcing to overseas outsourcing into countries that have a comparative advantage in labour-intensive business activities. The IT work is not only software development which require engineering skills ( ITO ), but also other business work which requires soft skills rather than engineering skills. ( BPO ), such as call center and other information services

1768-408: The end user. During production, the developer may create technical support resources for users or a process for fixing bugs and errors that were not caught earlier. There might also be a return to earlier development phases if user needs changed or were misunderstood. Software development is performed by software developers , usually working on a team. Efficient communications between team members

1820-430: The engineering organization. Fitness functions are automated and objective tests to ensure that the new developments don't deviate from the established constraints, checks and compliance controls. Intellectual property can be an issue when developers integrate open-source code or libraries into a proprietary product, because most open-source licenses used for software require that modifications be released under

1872-490: The first Chinese-owned IT companies. Later, such Chinese-owned IT companies such as iSoftStone (Beijing), New Touch (Shanghai) and Nantian (Shenzhen) also came here. See also " Dalian Software Park Phase 2 " below. Currently, there are more than 380 companies in Dalian Software Park (a September 2006 survey by Dalian Software Park): The IT service work done in Dalian Software Park can be categorized as follows (A 2006 survey by Dalian Software Park): Application development

1924-477: The full functionality. An additional 44 percent were delivered, but missing at least one of these features. The remaining 24 percent were cancelled prior to release. Software development life cycle refers to the systematic process of developing applications . The sources of ideas for software products are plentiful. These ideas can come from market research including the demographics of potential new customers, existing customers, sales prospects who rejected

1976-456: The importance of information privacy, Dalian City Software Industry Association has recently implemented, in cooperation with Japan Information Processing Development Corporation (JIPDEC), a citywide PIPA (Privacy Information Protection Assessment) program. Dalian City is located in the southern tip of China's northeast region. It is surrounded on the three sides by the Yellow and Bohai Seas , and

2028-541: The local hi-tech committees: DLSP is also aggressively seeking to expand into other regions in China. There are 30-50 City-level, Province-level and National-level software parks in China. There are eleven National level software parks, in: Beijing , Chengdu , Dalian , Guangzhou , Hangzhou , Shanghai , Xi'an , and others. A brief look at these cities are: The following references are written in Japanese: Software development Software development

2080-532: The northern suburbs and Dalian Hi-tech Zone in the western suburbs for the high-tech industries. During the first half of the 1990s, application software outsourcing from overseas, particularly from Japan , has increased. Dalian Hi-Think Computer Technology Corp. (DHC), which had derived from Dalian City Computer Center, and Dalian Hisoft Corp. were established in the high-tech zone. They were involved in application software development, outsourced from NTT Data , NEC , Hitachi Software Engineering, etc. Since

2132-407: The number of bugs persisting after testing is complete. Once the code has been submitted, quality assurance —a separate department of non-programmers for most large companies—test the accuracy of the entire software product. Acceptance tests derived from the original software requirements are a popular tool for this. Quality testing also often includes stress and load checking (whether the software

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2184-586: The park. As it opened officially, Neusoft Group came to this park to establish their development centers, and later established Dalian Neusoft University of Information . Matsushita Electric Industrial ( Panasonic ) was the first to enter the park, followed by Alpine , Sony and others. American and European companies, such as GE ( Genpact ), HP , IBM and SAP , came to establish ITO and/or BPO centers, mainly to do their Japanese subsidiaries' work. Chinasoft (headquartered in Beijing) and Xinhua were among

2236-465: The people in South Korea. Subsequently, they are capable of learning and speaking Japanese with ease. The Dalian municipal government offers generous tax exemptions and subsidies such as corporate income tax exemption during the first two years of business establishment and 50 percent tax reduction in the following three years. After this five-year period, the Dalian municipal government will offer

2288-403: The performance of servers and other hardware. Designers often attempt to find patterns in the software's functionality to spin off distinct modules that can be reused with object-oriented programming . An example of this is the model–view–controller , an interface between a graphical user interface and the backend . The central feature of software development is creating and understanding

2340-463: The process used for a development effort varies. The process may be confined to a formal, documented standard , or it can be customized and emergent for the development effort. The process may be sequential, in which each major phase (i.e. design, implement and test) is completed before the next begins, but an iterative approach – where small aspects are separately designed, implemented and tested – can reduce risk and cost and increase quality. Each of

2392-424: The product that developers can work from. Software analysts often decompose the project into smaller objects, components that can be reused for increased cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability. Decomposing the project may enable a multi-threaded implementation that runs significantly faster on multiprocessor computers. During the analysis and design phases of software development, structured analysis

2444-466: The product, other internal software development staff, or a creative third party. Ideas for software products are usually first evaluated by marketing personnel for economic feasibility, fit with existing channels of distribution, possible effects on existing product lines, required features , and fit with the company's marketing objectives. In the marketing evaluation phase, the cost and time assumptions become evaluated. The feasibility analysis estimates

2496-503: The project's return on investment , its development cost and timeframe. Based on this analysis, the company can make a business decision to invest in further development. After deciding to develop the software, the company is focused on delivering the product at or below the estimated cost and time, and with a high standard of quality (i.e., lack of bugs) and the desired functionality. Nevertheless, most software projects run late and sometimes compromises are made in features or quality to meet

2548-427: The software that implements the desired functionality. There are various strategies for writing the code. Cohesive software has various components that are independent from each other. Coupling is the interrelation of different software components, which is viewed as undesirable because it increases the difficulty of maintenance . Often, software programmers do not follow industry best practices, resulting in code that

2600-403: The software, but something else—such as services and modifications to open source software. Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) is tools for the partial automation of software development. CASE enables designers to sketch out the logic of a program, whether one to be written, or an already existing one to help integrate it with new code or reverse engineer it (for example, to change

2652-520: The tools for estimating the amount of time and resources for software development were designed for conventional applications and are not applicable to web applications or mobile applications . An integrated development environment (IDE) supports software development with enhanced features compared to a simple text editor . IDEs often include automated compiling , syntax highlighting of errors, debugging assistance, integration with version control , and semi-automation of tests. Version control

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2704-618: Was begun in 2003 as part of the City Government's "Dalian Software Industry Belt Along Lushun South Road " Project, in a 12 km area, immediately west of Dalian Hi-tech Zone. It was announced in June 2007, that a Dalian International Service Outsourcing Base will be created at Dadonggou , on Lüshun North Road, about ten kilometers west of Dalian International Airport . Based on its experience of success so far, Dalian Software Park has decided to build other software parks , in cooperation with

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