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89-587: The Foundation is a based in Uppsala, Sweden , and aims to strengthen policy on international cooperation, development and peacebuilding. The foundation was created in 1962 as Sweden's national memorial to Dag Hammarskjöld , Secretary General of the United Nations from 1953 until his death in a plane crash on a mission to the Congo. The Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2030 were both launched in 2015. Since then

178-504: A controlled vocabulary of contributor roles. Known as CRediT ( Contributor Roles Taxonomy ) , this is an example of a flat, non-hierarchical taxonomy; however, it does include an optional, broad classification of the degree of contribution: lead , equal or supporting . Amy Brand and co-authors summarise their intended outcome as: Identifying specific contributions to published research will lead to appropriate credit, fewer author disputes, and fewer disincentives to collaboration and

267-680: A library classification system and a search engine taxonomy . The word was coined in 1813 by the Swiss botanist A. P. de Candolle and is irregularly compounded from the Greek τάξις , taxis 'order' and νόμος , nomos 'law', connected by the French form -o- ; the regular form would be taxinomy , as used in the Greek reborrowing ταξινομία . Misplaced Pages categories form a taxonomy, which can be extracted by automatic means. As of 2009 , it has been shown that

356-595: A 1997 article in JAMA , the Journal of the American Medical Association for a radical conceptual and systematic change, to reflect the realities of multiple authorship and to buttress accountability. We propose dropping the outmoded notion of author in favor of the more useful and realistic one of contributor. In 2012, several major academic and scientific publishing bodies mounted Project CRediT to develop

445-613: A bit, with all months receiving less than 40 mm (1.6 in) on average. Annual precipitation is 576 mm (22.7 in). Rainfall can occur all year round, although it is less common in January and February. Snowfall mainly occurs between November and March. Snowfall in October and April can happen from time to time, but not every year. During the night between 30 April and 1 May 2014, approximately 15 cm (5.9 in) of snow fell in Uppsala,

534-400: A certain type (for example, John is a bachelor ), while universally quantified conditionals express the notion that a type is a subtype of another type (for example, " A dog is a mammal" , which means the same as " All dogs are mammals" ). The "has-a" relationship is quite different: an elephant has a trunk; a trunk is a part, not a subtype of elephant. The study of part-whole relationships

623-491: A fixed set of ideas, sought to develop an alphabet of human thought . Leibniz intended his characteristica universalis to be an "algebra" capable of expressing all conceptual thought. The concept of creating such a " universal language " was frequently examined in the 17th century, also notably by the English philosopher John Wilkins in his work An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language (1668), from which

712-540: A manually-constructed taxonomy, such as that of computational lexicons like WordNet , can be used to improve and restructure the Misplaced Pages category taxonomy. In a broader sense, taxonomy also applies to relationship schemes other than parent-child hierarchies, such as network structures . Taxonomies may then include a single child with multi-parents, for example, "Car" might appear with both parents "Vehicle" and "Steel Mechanisms"; to some however, this merely means that 'car'

801-434: A method based on dichotomy, which was rejected by Aristotle and replaced by the method of definitions based on genus, species, and specific difference. The method of facet analysis (cf., faceted classification ) is primarily based on logical division. This approach tends to classify according to "essential" characteristics, a widely discussed and criticized concept (cf., essentialism ). These methods may overall be related to

890-825: A perfectly preserved 17th-century anatomical theatre (used in its time for public dissections). Next to Gustavianum is the 18th century Archbishop's Palace , the official residence of the Lutheran Archbishop of Uppsala and the primate of the Church of Sweden. Across the street from the Gustavianum in the University Park stands the University Hall , erected in 1879–86 in Italian renaissance style . The Uppsala University Coin Cabinet

979-401: A systematic methodology to approach taxonomy building in software engineering related topics. Several taxonomies have been proposed in software testing research to classify techniques, tools, concepts and artifacts. The following are some example taxonomies: Engström et al. suggest and evaluate the use of a taxonomy to bridge the communication between researchers and practitioners engaged in

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1068-509: Is Fyrishov and is Sweden's fourth most visited, specialized in swimming, sports events, meetings and recreation. The facility includes areas for indoor sports, summer sport and a generous waterpark with waterslides, 50-meter pool, training pool, relaxation area and a large outdoor swimming pool. Accommodation is offered at the Fyrishov cabin area, and at the resort restaurants a good lunch or dinner can be enjoyed. Fyrishov AB's business also includes

1157-408: Is mereology . Taxonomies are often represented as is-a hierarchies where each level is more specific than the level above it (in mathematical language is "a subset of" the level above). For example, a basic biology taxonomy would have concepts such as mammal , which is a subset of animal , and dogs and cats , which are subsets of mammal . This kind of taxonomy is called an is-a model because

1246-536: Is July 2018, with a daily mean of 22.0 °C (71.6 °F). Since 2002 Uppsala has experienced 7 months where the daily mean was 20 °C (68 °F) or warmer, the most recent in July 2021 when the daily mean was 20.7 °C (69.3 °F). The coldest month ever recorded is January 1814, when the daily mean was −14.9 °C (5.2 °F). Between January 1814 and January 1987, Uppsala experienced 23 months that were colder than −10 °C (14 °F). Since February 1987,

1335-421: Is a tree structure of classifications for a given set of objects. It is also named containment hierarchy . At the top of this structure is a single classification, the root node, that applies to all objects. Nodes below this root are more specific classifications that apply to subsets of the total set of classified objects. The progress of reasoning proceeds from the general to the more specific. By contrast, in

1424-404: Is a part of several different taxonomies. A taxonomy might also simply be organization of kinds of things into groups, or an alphabetical list; here, however, the term vocabulary is more appropriate. In current usage within knowledge management , taxonomies are considered narrower than ontologies since ontologies apply a larger variety of relation types. Mathematically, a hierarchical taxonomy

1513-410: Is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation of things to the classes ( classification ). Originally, taxonomy referred only to the classification of organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Today it also has a more general sense. It may refer to

1602-435: Is also the site of the 16th-century Uppsala Castle . The city was severely damaged by a fire in 1702. Historical and cultural treasures were also lost, as in many Swedish cities, from demolitions during the 1960s and 1970s, but many historic buildings remain, especially in the western part of the city. The arms bearing the lion can be traced to 1737 and have been modernised several times, most recently in 1986. The meaning of

1691-416: Is an approach based solely on observable, measurable similarities and differences of the things to be classified. Classification is based on overall similarity: The elements that are most alike in most attributes are classified together. But it is based on statistics, and therefore does not fulfill the criteria of logical division (e.g. to produce classes, that are mutually exclusive and jointly coextensive with

1780-511: Is important to notice that empiricism is not the same as empirical study, but a certain ideal of doing empirical studies. With the exception of the logical approaches they all are based on empirical studies, but are basing their studies on different philosophical principles). (3) Historical and hermeneutical approaches including Ereshefsky's "historical classification" and (4) Pragmatic, functionalist and teleological approaches (not covered by Ereshefsky). In addition there are combined approaches (e.g.,

1869-612: Is located in the university main building. Not far from the university stands the Uppsala University Library ( Carolina Rediviva ), the largest library in Sweden, with over 5 million volumes and some 60,000 manuscripts. The building was built in 1820–41. On a circa 35-metre high hill to the southwest of the University Library stands Uppsala Castle . Its construction was initiated in 1549 by King Gustav Vasa , founder of

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1958-399: Is not assigned to the concept of France (whatever that might be).” Smith's alternative to concepts as units is based on a realist orientation, when scientists make successful claims about the types of entities that exist in reality, they are referring to objectively existing entities which realist philosophers call universals or natural kinds. Smith's main argument - with which many followers of

2047-399: Is of little use, since we seldom have anything to affirm in common of the plants which have a given number of stamens and pistils." "The ends of scientific classification are best answered, when the objects are formed into groups respecting which a greater number of general propositions can be made, and those propositions more important, than could be made respecting any other groups into which

2136-435: Is one of the busiest train stations in Sweden, with around 45 000 passengers per day. The station is served by several different train operators, with Mälartåg , SJ and SL being the primary ones, while Vy operates night trains to Narvik . Trains depart Uppsala Central Station in three directions. There are trains to the south, Arlanda , Stockholm and Linköping , to the northwest, Dalarna and Sala , and to

2225-910: Is referred to is that in biological classification the anatomical traits of organisms is one kind of classification, the classification in relation to the evolution of species is another (in the section below, we expand these two fundamental sorts of classification to four). Hull adds that in biological classification, evolution supplies the theoretical orientation. Ereshefsky (2000) presented and discussed three general philosophical schools of classification: "essentialism, cluster analysis, and historical classification. Essentialism sorts entities according to causal relations rather than their intrinsic qualitative features." These three categories may, however, be considered parts of broader philosophies. Four main approaches to classification may be distinguished: (1) logical and rationalist approaches including "essentialism"; (2) empiricist approaches including cluster analysis (It

2314-412: Is the classification of items which emphasis the goals, purposes, consequences, interests, values and politics of classification. It is, for example, classifying animals into wild animals, pests, domesticated animals and pets. Also kitchenware (tools, utensils, appliances, dishes, and cookware used in food preparation, or the serving of food) is an example of a classification which is not based on any of

2403-412: Is the systematic classification involved in the design and utilization of taxonomic schemes such as the biological classification of animals and plants by genus and species. Two of the predominant types of relationships in knowledge-representation systems are predication and the universally quantified conditional . Predication relationships express the notion that an individual entity is an example of

2492-522: The History Channel's Canadian-Irish TV series Vikings , Uppsala is visited by Ragnar Lothbrok and his entourage to worship the Aesir gods and offer a human sacrifice to appease them. In that visit Lothbrok meets Uppsala's King Horik. The episode was criticised for its poorly researched depiction of Uppsala, which was shown as being located in a mountainous region, as well as of its heathen temple, which in

2581-661: The Vasa royal dynasty . Today the castle holds several museums, among them the regional art museum, and is the residence of the Uppsala County Governor ( landshövding ). There are several botanical museums in Uppsala related to the world-famous 18th century botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus; the Botanic Garden next to the castle, the Linnaean Garden in the city centre, and Linnaeus Hammarby , Linnaeus' summer house in

2670-459: The centigrade temperature scale that now bears his name, and Carl Linnaeus , the father of taxonomy . Other Uppsala residents include filmmaker Ingmar Bergman , diplomat Dag Hammarskjöld , chemists Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Svante Arrhenius , actress Viveca Lindfors , and singer Malena Ernman . Uppsala was originally the name of a place a few kilometres north of the current city, now known as Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala). Today's Uppsala

2759-517: The winter solstice . Despite Uppsala's northerly location, the winter is not as cold as other cities at similar latitudes, mainly due to the Gulf Stream . For example, in January Uppsala has a daily mean of −2.7 °C (27.1 °F). In Canada , at the same latitude, Fort Smith experiences a daily mean of −22.4 °C (−8.3 °F). With respect to record temperatures, the difference between

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2848-594: The 13th century and can be seen from a long distance outside the city, other tall buildings being rare. Facing the west end of the cathedral is the Gustavianum , built in 1625 to be the main building of the university, and served as such through most of the 19th century. It contains the Museum of Nordic Antiquities, the Victoria Museum (of Egyptian antiquities) and the university's cultural history collections. It also houses

2937-499: The 980s. The present-day Uppsala was at that time a port town of Gamla Uppsala . In 1160, King Eric Jedvardsson was attacked and killed outside the church of Östra Aros, and later became venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church . In 1274, Östra Aros overtook Gamla Uppsala as the main regional centre, and when the cathedral of Gamla Uppsala burnt down, the archbishopric and the relics of Saint Eric were moved to Östra Aros, where

3026-546: The Swedish basketball league. There are also athletic club Uppsala, Uppsala, fencing club, Uppsala Judo Club, Sweden's oldest judo club, Uppsala volleyball companion, Upsala weightlifting club and Upsala Simsällskap , one of the world's oldest swimmingclubs. The sport that draws the most audience is floorball. Uppsala's two teams in the Swedish Super League, Storvreta IBK and IK Sirius IBK, have Fyrishov as their home. One of

3115-799: The above-mentioned three methods, but clearly on pragmatic or functional criteria. Bonaccorsi, et al. (2019) is about the general theory of functional classification and applications of this approach for patent classification. Although the examples may suggest that pragmatic classifications are primitive compared to established scientific classifications, it must be considered in relation to the pragmatic and critical theory of knowledge, which consider all knowledge as influences by interests. Ridley (1986) wrote: "teleological classification. Classification of groups by their shared purposes, or functions, in life - where purpose can be identified with adaptation. An imperfectly worked-out, occasionally suggested, theoretically possible principle of classification that differs from

3204-409: The area of software testing. They have also developed a web-based tool to facilitate and encourage the use of the taxonomy. The tool and its source code are available for public use. Uses of taxonomy in education include: Uses of taxonomy in safety include: Citing inadequacies with current practices in listing authors of papers in medical research journals, Drummond Rennie and co-authors called in

3293-540: The capital Stockholm, it is also the seat of Uppsala Municipality . Since 1164, Uppsala has been the ecclesiastical centre of Sweden, being the seat of the Archbishop of the Church of Sweden . Uppsala is home to Scandinavia's largest cathedral – Uppsala Cathedral , which was the frequent site of the coronation of the Swedish monarch until the late 19th century. Uppsala Castle , built by King Gustav Vasa , served as one of

3382-593: The city easily accessible by air. Just like Stockholm, Uppsala is located on Sweden's east coast at the 59th parallel north. The commercial centre of Uppsala is quite compact. The city has a distinct town and gown divide with clergy, royalty, and academia historically residing in the Fjärdingen neighbourhood on the river's western shore, somewhat separated from the rest of the city, and the ensemble of cathedral, castle and university buildings has remained mostly undisturbed to this day. While some historic buildings remain on

3471-492: The city. County buses, are instead meant for journeys within the wider municipality and county . The type of bus line can be seen by its colour, as city buses are painted green while county buses are painted yellow. Three city buses, 30, 31, and 32, are known as mjuka linjer , literally "soft lines", which are fitted for the elderly and disabled , by having stops closer to places like hospitals and pharmacys , in order to reduce walking distance. Uppsala Central Station

3560-462: The class they divide). Some people will argue that this is not classification/taxonomy at all, but such an argument must consider the definitions of classification (see above). These methods may overall be related to the empiricist theory of knowledge. Genealogical classification is classification of items according to their common heritage. This must also be done on the basis of some empirical characteristics, but these characteristics are developed by

3649-412: The classification of things or concepts, as well as to the principles underlying such work. Thus a taxonomy can be used to organize species, documents, videos or anything else. A taxonomy organizes taxonomic units known as "taxa" (singular "taxon")." Many are hierarchies . One function of a taxonomy is to help users more easily find what they are searching for. This may be effected in ways that include

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3738-474: The classification scheme in Roget 's Thesaurus ultimately derives. Taxonomy in biology encompasses the description, identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms. Uses of taxonomy include: Uses of taxonomy in business and economics include: Vegas et al. make a compelling case to advance the knowledge in the field of software engineering through the use of taxonomies. Similarly, Ore et al. provide

3827-422: The close relationship between classification theory and concept theory. A main opponent of concepts as units is Barry Smith. Arp, Smith and Spear (2015) discuss ontologies and criticize the conceptualist understanding. The book writes (7): “The code assigned to France, for example, is ISO 3166 – 2:FR and the code is assigned to France itself — to the country that is otherwise referred to as Frankreich or Ranska. It

3916-431: The coldest month recorded is −8.6 °C (16.5 °F). The warmest year ever recorded was 2014, with an average temperature of 8.1 °C (46.6 °F). The second warmest is 2018, with 8.0 °C (46.4 °F). Since 1991, Uppsala has recorded 15 years with an average temperature of 7 °C (45 °F) or warmer. The coldest year ever recorded was 1867, with an average temperature of 2.5 °C (36.5 °F). 1987

4005-436: The concept theory agree - seems to be that classes cannot be determined by introspective methods, but must be based on scientific and scholarly research. Whether units are called concepts or universals, the problem is to decide when a thing (say a "blackbird") should be considered a natural class. In the case of blackbirds, for example, recent DNA analysis have reconsidered the concept (or universal) "blackbird" and found that what

4094-565: The context of legal terminology, an open-ended contextual taxonomy is employed—a taxonomy holding only with respect to a specific context. In scenarios taken from the legal domain, a formal account of the open-texture of legal terms is modeled, which suggests varying notions of the "core" and "penumbra" of the meanings of a concept. The progress of reasoning proceeds from the specific to the more general. Anthropologists have observed that taxonomies are generally embedded in local cultural and social systems, and serve various social functions. Perhaps

4183-458: The countryside village of Danmarks Hammarby south of the city. 5 kilometres (3 miles) north of Uppsala city lies Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala), the location of the pre-Christian settlement of Uppsala which later provided the new name for the medieval settlement further south. There are few remains, with the exception of several huge burial mounds of pre-Christian monarchs and the previous cathedral from 1164 A.D., traditionally said to be built over

4272-445: The criteria for ordering these basic units into a classification". There is a widespread opinion in knowledge organization and related fields that such classes corresponds to concepts. We can, for example, classify "waterfowls" into the classes "ducks", "geese", and "swans"; we can also say, however, that the concept “waterfowl” is a generic broader term in relation to the concepts "ducks", "geese", and "swans". This example demonstrates

4361-473: The designated subject as being importantly similar to other entities bearing the same designation; that is, we classify them together. Similarly the use of predicative phrases classifies actions or properties as being of a particular kind. We call this conceptual classification, since it refers to the classification involved in conceptualizing our experiences and surroundings" About systematic classification Suppe wrote: "A second, narrower sense of classification

4450-445: The first recorded snowfall in May since 1981. Uppsala has an annual average snow cover around 100 days. Uppsala has economic development in many sectors. Today Uppsala is well established in medical research and recognised for its leading position in biotechnology . The Fyris river (Fyrisån) neatly divides the city into two different parts: the historic quarter to the west of the river and

4539-544: The foundation has attempted to follow the development and the implementation of the Agenda. It has done this by creating a seminar series, as well as via the creation of a Goal Tracker. The seminar series is run in cooperation with UNDP Sweden and aims to raise public awareness of the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as to stimulate debate about the challenges and opportunities of the Agenda. The Goal Tracker

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4628-583: The highest and lowest is relatively large. Uppsala's highest recorded temperature was 37.4 °C (99.3 °F), recorded on 9 July 1933. On the same day Ultuna , which lies a few kilometres south of the centre of Uppsala, recorded a temperature of 38 °C (100.4 °F). This is the highest temperature ever recorded in the Scandinavian Peninsula , although the same temperature was recorded in Målilla , Sweden, 14 years later. Uppsala's lowest temperature

4717-555: The historicist theory of knowledge. One of the main schools of historical classification is cladistics , which is today dominant in biological taxonomy, but also applied to other domains. The historical and hermeneutical approaches is not restricted to the development of the object of classification (e.g., animal species) but is also concerned with the subject of classification (the classifiers) and their embeddedness in scientific traditions and other human cultures. Pragmatic classification (and functional and teleological classification)

4806-554: The history of the site itself. The European route E4 highway passes to the east of the city and provides the main connection by road to Uppsala. Several other smaller roads, such as Riksväg 72 and 55 , connects the city with cities such as Enköping and Sala . Buses within Uppsala Municipality and county are operated by UL . Bus lines in Uppsala go under two categories: city buses, and county buses. City bus lines, of which there are 15, are meant for journeys within

4895-500: The ideal, he recognized that his own system (at least partly) represented an artificial classification. John Stuart Mill explained the artificial nature of the Linnaean classification and suggested the following definition of a natural classification: "The Linnæan arrangement answers the purpose of making us think together of all those kinds of plants, which possess the same number of stamens and pistils; but to think of them in that manner

4984-621: The influence of the cladistic paradigm - and have demanded new classifications. Smith's example of France demands an explanation. First, France is not a general concept, but an individual concept. Next, the legal definition of France is determined by the conventions that France has made with other countries. It is still a concept, however, as Leclercq (1978) demonstrates with the corresponding concept Europe . Hull (1998) continued: "Two fundamentally different sorts of classification are those that reflect structural organization and those that are systematically related to historical development." What

5073-455: The larger and more obvious species, which means that it is not the case that folk taxonomies are based purely on utilitarian characteristics. In the seventeenth century the German mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Leibniz , following the work of the thirteenth-century Majorcan philosopher Ramon Llull on his Ars generalis ultima , a system for procedurally generating concepts by combining

5162-765: The larger. Such a hyponym, in turn, may have further subcategories for which it is a hypernym. In the simple biology example, dog is a hypernym with respect to its subcategory collie , which in turn is a hypernym with respect to Fido which is one of its hyponyms. Typically, however, hypernym is used to refer to subcategories rather than single individuals. Researchers reported that large populations consistently develop highly similar category systems. This may be relevant to lexical aspects of large communication networks and cultures such as folksonomies and language or human communication, and sense-making in general. Hull (1998) suggested "The fundamental elements of any classification are its theoretical commitments, basic units and

5251-482: The latter parts of the 19th century. Winter normally arrives in late November, and lasts until the middle of March when spring arrives. Summer usually arrives in the middle of May, and lasts until late September when autumn arrives. Precipitation is most common between June and November, in all these months it falls 50 mm (2.0 in) or more on average. August receives most precipitation with 74 mm (2.9 in). Between January and May precipitation levels fall

5340-749: The lion is uncertain, but is likely connected to the royal lion, also depicted on the Coat of Arms of Sweden . In ecclesiastical terms, the place has always belonged to Uppsala parish, from 1961 called Uppsala cathedral parish. The incorporated parts of Uppsala belong to Gamla Uppsala parish, Helga Trefaldighets parish and Vaksala parish. After parish break-up in 1974, parts of the town are located in Gottsunda parish. After further building expansion, some are also in Denmark-Funbo parish, before 2010 in Denmark parish. Until 1971,

5429-544: The modern administrative, residential and commercial city centre to the east. Most of the historical sights and university buildings are in the western part, with a medieval street layout, river views and parks and dominated by the cathedral. The most outstanding building in Uppsala is the Domkyrka ( Uppsala Cathedral ), Scandinavia's largest church building (118.70 m (389.44 ft) high). Together with Uppsala Castle it has dominated Uppsala's skyline since its construction in

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5518-741: The most classical sports events, the Swedish bandy final , took place at Studenternas IP 1991–2012. After being played indoors in Stockholm 2013–2017, from 2018 it is again played in Uppsala. It usually attracts a spectator crowd of more than 20,000. Once every year, the Uppsala Union of Science and Engineering Students arrange a river rafting in the Fyris river with rafts built from styrofoam. Other sports clubs located in Uppsala include: (* = born in Uppsala) In

5607-447: The most pronouncing increase in temperature, with each month increasing 1.5 °C or more. The only month that did not get warmer is June, which got 0.3 °C colder. During the 20th century, Uppsala has warmed drastically, especially the winter. If compared to the period 1861–1890, the annual increase in temperature is 1.8 °C. March is the month with the biggest increase, where the temperature has increased more than 3 °C since

5696-542: The most well-known and influential study of folk taxonomies is Émile Durkheim 's The Elementary Forms of Religious Life . A more recent treatment of folk taxonomies (including the results of several decades of empirical research) and the discussion of their relation to the scientific taxonomy can be found in Scott Atran 's Cognitive Foundations of Natural History. Folk taxonomies of organisms have been found in large part to agree with scientific classification, at least for

5785-403: The name SM-town Uppsala in 2007 but was expanded to include international events and competitions at high national level. The project aims to develop Uppsala, a leading sports town in Sweden. In 2009 there were 24 SM-competitions and major national and international competitions in Uppsala. At Fyrishov the city's basketball team Uppsala Basket also plays, former KFUM Uppsala, their home games in

5874-460: The north Gävle , Sundsvall , Östersund and to the northern half of Sweden as well as sleeper trains to Narvik in Norway. While Uppsala has no civilian airport of its own, Arlanda Airport is located about 30 km south of Uppsala. Ärna Air Base north of Uppsala has been proposed for development as a commercial airport, but as of 2024 remains exclusively military. The largest arena in Uppsala

5963-664: The old heathen temple (and recent archaeological investigations seems to support this notion). The site was a major religious centre in Scandinavia in pre-Christian times. After the old cathedral church burned down around 1240 it was only partially restored to a more modest size as it no longer was the seat of the Archbishop. The Gamla Uppsala Museum exhibits archeological finds made during excavations in Gamla Uppsala and related finds from other parts of Uppland , as well as exhibitions on

6052-452: The operation of Gottsundabadet in which there is a 25-metre pool, a 10-metre children's pool and gym. The entire facility is open all year round and a large number of meetings and various events are held here annually. In addition to activities within the arena Fyrishov AB runs Tävlingsstaden Uppsala in a collaboration between the sports organizers, Fyrishov AB, Uppsala, Uppsala Tourism and hotel business. Co-founded in 2006 by Fyrishov AB under

6141-418: The outskirts of the city. Meanwhile, the built-up areas have expanded greatly, and some suburbanization has taken place. Uppsala lies immediately south of the 60th parallel north and has a humid continental climate ( Dfb ), with cold winters and warm summers. Due to its northerly location, Uppsala experiences over 18 hours of visible sunshine during the summer solstice , and under 6 hours of sunshine during

6230-446: The periphery of the central core, retail commercial activity is geographically focused on a small number of blocks around the pedestrianized streets and main square on the eastern side of the river, an area that was subject to a large-scale metamorphosis during the economically booming years in the 1960s in particular. During recent decades, a significant part of retail commercial activity has shifted to shopping malls and stores situated in

6319-565: The present-day Uppsala Cathedral was erected; it was inaugurated in 1435. The cathedral is built in the Gothic style and is one of the largest in northern Europe, with towers reaching 118.70 metres (389.4 ft). The city is the site of the oldest university in Scandinavia , founded in 1477, and is where Carl Linnaeus , one of the renowned scholars of Uppsala University , lived for many years; both his house and garden can still be visited. Uppsala

6408-426: The rationalist theory of knowledge. "Empiricism alone is not enough: a healthy advance in taxonomy depends on a sound theoretical foundation" Phenetics or numerical taxonomy is by contrast bottom-up classification, where the starting point is a set of items or individuals, which are classified by putting those with shared characteristics as members of a narrow class and proceeding upward. Numerical taxonomy

6497-474: The royal residences of the Swedish monarchs, and was expanded several times over its history, making Uppsala the secondary capital of Sweden during its greatest extent . Today, it serves as the residence of the Governor of Uppsala County . Founded in 1477, Uppsala University is the oldest centre of higher education in Scandinavia . Among the many scholars associated with the city are Anders Celsius , inventor of

6586-450: The series was built in the style of a medieval Christian stave church . The literary series Pelle Svanslös (Peter No Tail) which follows the adventures of a cat with no tail and his friends created by author Gösta Knutsson takes place in Uppsala. Umberto Eco's book The Name of the Rose includes a character of a young Scandinavian monk Benno of Uppsala. Taxonomy Taxonomy

6675-505: The sharing of data and code. CRediT comprises 14 specific contributor roles using the following defined terms: The taxonomy is an open standard conformiing to the OpenStand principles, and is published under a Creative Commons licence. Websites with a well designed taxonomy or hierarchy are easily understood by users, due to the possibility of users developing a mental model of the site structure. Guidelines for writing taxonomy for

6764-460: The site of Uppsala's castle, from which large parts of the town can be seen. The central park Stadsskogen (literally "City Forest") stretches from the south far into town, with opportunities for recreation for many residential areas within walking distance. Located approximately 70 km (43 mi) or 40 minutes by train from the capital, many Uppsala residents work in Stockholm. The train to Stockholm-Arlanda Airport takes 17 minutes, rendering

6853-427: The so-called evolutionary taxonomy ", which mixes historical and empiricist principles). Logical division (top-down classification or downward classification) is an approach that divides a class into subclasses and then divide subclasses into their subclasses, and so on, which finally forms a tree of classes. The root of the tree is the original class, and the leaves of the tree are the final classes. Plato advocated

6942-413: The specific objects are considered as instances of a concept. For example, Fido is-an instance of the concept dog and Fluffy is-a cat . In linguistics , is-a relations are called hyponymy . When one word describes a category, but another describe some subset of that category, the larger term is called a hypernym with respect to the smaller, and the smaller is called a "hyponym" with respect to

7031-448: The theory of evolution. Charles Darwin's main contribution to classification theory of not just his claim "... all true classification is genealogical ..." but that he provided operational guidance for classification. Genealogical classification is not restricted to biology, but is also much used in, for example, classification of languages, and may be considered a general approach to classification." These methods may overall be related to

7120-455: The town was part of the district court for Uppsala City Hall Court and has been part of the Uppsala Court since 1971. Situated on the fertile Uppsala flatlands of muddy soil, the city features the small Fyris River ( Fyrisån ) flowing through the landscape surrounded by lush vegetation. Parallel to the river runs the glacial ridge of Uppsalaåsen at an elevation around 30 m (98 ft),

7209-443: The two main such principles, phenetic and phylogenetic classification ". Natural classification is a concept closely related to the concept natural kind . Carl Linnaeus is often recognized as the first scholar to clearly have differentiated "artificial" and "natural" classifications A natural classification is one, using Plato's metaphor, that is “carving nature at its joints” Although Linnaeus considered natural classification

7298-405: The web include: Frederick Suppe distinguished two senses of classification: a broad meaning, which he called "conceptual classification" and a narrow meaning, which he called "systematic classification". About conceptual classification Suppe wrote: "Classification is intrinsic to the use of language, hence to most if not all communication. Whenever we use nominative phrases we are classifying

7387-495: Was formerly considered one species (with subspecies) are in reality many different species, which just have chosen similar characteristics to adopt to their ecological niches. An important argument for considering concepts the basis of classification is that concepts are subject to change and that they changes when scientific revolutions occur. Our concepts of many birds, for example, have changed with recent development in DNA analysis and

7476-884: Was held in mid-September 1998. The privilege of delivering the Lecture will be offered to a person who has promoted in action and spirit the values that inspired Dag Hammarskjöld as Secretary-General of the United Nations and generally in his life – composition, humanism, and commitment to international solidarity and cooperation. The lecture is given in recognition of the values that inspired Dag Hammarskjöld personally and as Secretary-General – compassion, humanism and commitment to international solidarity and cooperation. Previous Dag Hammarskjöld lecturers include UNSG Kofi Annan , Mary Robinson, Sir Brian Urquhart, Jan Eliasson, Tarja Halonen , Margot Wallström, Helen Clark , José Ramos-Horta, UNSG Ban Ki-moon , UNSG António Guterres , Kristiana Figueres and Agnès Callamard. The 2023 Dag Hammarskjöld Lecture

7565-533: Was launched in autumn of 2017 in cooperation with Data Act Lab (DAL) and aims to create a digital platform that can monitored to the needs and preconditions of participating countries in regards to their implementation of Agenda 2030. This program was launched in order to stimulate new ways of thinking about global challenges, and how to gather local responses in response to global challenges The Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation and Uppsala University have jointly instituted an annual Dag Hammarskjöld Lecture. The first Lecture

7654-535: Was presented by the Deputy UN Secretary General Dr Amina J. Mohammed. Uppsala, Sweden Uppsala ( Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɵ̂pːˌsɑːla] ; archaically spelled Upsala ) is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth-largest city in Sweden , after Stockholm , Gothenburg , and Malmö . It had 177,074 inhabitants in 2019. Located 71 km (44 mi) north of

7743-424: Was recorded on 24 January 1875, when the temperature dropped to −39.5 °C (−39.1 °F). The second-lowest temperature recorded is −33.1 °C (−27.6 °F), which makes the record one of the hardest to beat, due to the fact that temperatures in Uppsala nowadays rarely goes below −30 °C (−22 °F). The difference between the two records is 76.9 °C (138.4 °F). The warmest month ever recorded

7832-438: Was the last year Uppsala recorded a year with an average temperature below 5 °C (41 °F). The climate table below presents weather data from 1981 to 2010. According to ongoing measurements, the temperature has increased during 1981–2010 as compared with the 1951–1980 series. This increase is on an annual basis around 0.9 °C. Warming is most pronounced during the winter and spring. January, February, and March have had

7921-566: Was then called Östra Aros (Eastern Aros, to differentiate it from Western Aros ). (Old) Uppsala was, according to medieval writer Adam of Bremen , the main pagan centre of Sweden, and the Temple at Uppsala contained magnificent idols of the Norse gods . The Kungsängen plains along the river south of Uppsala have been identified as a possible match for Fyrisvellir , the site of the Battle of Fyrisvellir in

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