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82-460: DAHP may refer to: Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation , an independent government agency in Washington state 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate , an intermediate in the biosynthesis of shikimic acid Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

164-573: A posse of marshals to retrieve the Governor. These marshals were expelled, and in return Stevens had Judge Lander arrested by his militias. Stevens then established a military committee for the trials of those held under militia custody. At this point, Chief Territorial Justice Francis Chenoweth, who was in the midst of recovering from an illness, left his home in Whidbey Island and travelled by canoe to Pierce County. Upon arriving, Chenoweth again began

246-632: A Heritage Barn Preservation Advisory Board, which reviews applicants for heritage barn status. DAHP was given statutory authority over all non- forensic human remains found in the state by HB 2624–2008. RCW 43.334.075 requires that the State Physical Anthropologist hold a PhD in archaeology or anthropology or have an MD with experience in archaeology. DAHP gained jurisdiction starting in Washington State FY09 (July 1, 2008). The State Physical Anthropologist's primary responsibility

328-489: A Washington local newspaper in 1865 listed the People's Party as one of the main competing parties in an election. As far back as 1854, newspapers mentioned ending talk of a "people's party", though it is not clear whether they were referring to an actually established party or a concept. It seems likely that the party had been established by at least 1874, as multiple primary sources attest to some kind of People's Party existing at

410-622: A disembarkation point of the goldfields until the governor of the Colony of Vancouver Island ordered that all traffic to the Fraser River go via Victoria. Despite the limitation on goldfield-related commerce, many men who left the "Fraser River Humbug" (as the rush was for a while misnamed) settled in Whatcom and Island counties. Some of these were settlers on San Juan Island during the Pig War of 1859 . Upon

492-567: A drawn out negotiation between the three sides. Shortly afterwards, Judge Chenoweth ruled the declaration of Martial Law to be unconstitutional and said that the basis of insurrection justifying it had been greatly overblown by Stevens’ administration. The wrath of the Washington judiciary, legislature and public figures such as Ezra Meeker eventually forced Stevens to rescind the Martial Law order. While some pushed for his removal, President Pierce refused to take action against him (though he denounced

574-552: A more Progressive position. This would be supported by the official History of the Washington State Legislature, as it noted that in 1893 the People's Party merged with the local progressive Farmer's Alliance , whose national body had become the national People's Party a year prior. The third governor of Washington state, John Rankin Rogers , was elected as a member of the People's Party in 1897. While Washington territory

656-647: A peace commission. The United States Army later came to support the militia forces. These militia forces, eager for action, provoked both friendly and hostile Indians. In 1850, five Cayuse were convicted for murdering the Whitmans in 1847 and hanged. Sporadic bloodshed continued until 1855, when the Cayuse were decimated, defeated, bereft of their tribal lands, and placed on the Umatilla Indian Reservation in northeastern Oregon. As American settlers moved west along

738-876: A representative of local or state heritage organizations, six members of the public who are interested and experienced in issues of preservation or archaeology, a representative from the Washington archaeological community, and a representative of the Native American community. Terms are four years. Through Section 106 reviews (pursuant to the National Historic Preservation Act), and Washington's SEPA, DAHP reviews construction projects using federal or state monies for impacts to archaeological resources. Washington's archaeological resources are rich as evidence of human activity stretches almost 13,000 years. Archaeology reviews are carried out by professional staff archaeologists. The current Washington State Archaeologist

820-583: A strong Democratic Party majority in the territory (despite their lack of slavery and progressiveness in certain areas), but party label seemed to count for very little. The real political division in the legislative assembly was whether you were pro-Stevens or anti-Stevens. The Indian Wars were controversial, as many who opposed Governor Stevens claimed they were unjust and that he had intentionally caused them, thereby costing many Washingtonians to lose their lives. This opposition would not grow any smaller when Stevens famously declared martial law : Whereas in

902-513: A subsidiary of the Hudson's Bay Company. Washington's pioneer founder, Michael Simmons , along with the black pioneer George Washington Bush and his Caucasian wife, Isabella James Bush, from Missouri and Tennessee , respectively, led four white families into the territory and settled New Market, now known as Tumwater , in 1846. They settled in Washington to avoid Oregon's racist settlement-laws. After them, many more settlers, migrating overland along

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984-423: Is Dr. Rob Whitlam. DAHP assigns site number ( Smithsonian trinomials ) for archaeological sites, and maintains a database of over 27,000 archaeological sites in the state. DAHP also regulates archaeological excavation in the state, and issues permits to applicants. As archaeological records are confidential and exempt from public disclosure laws, DAHP also regulates research by archaeological consultants. To expand

1066-506: Is determining the origin and ethnicity of human remains, and repatriating these remains to the appropriate parties. The position was filled in August, 2008 by Dr. Guy Tasa. History of Washington (state)#Prehistory The history of Washington includes thousands of years of Native American history before Europeans arrived and began to establish territorial claims. The region was part of Oregon Territory from 1848 to 1853, after which it

1148-467: Is the founding of the broader national People's Party in 1892, seemingly unaffiliated with the early People's Party in Washington. The views of this party would align with the later 1880s descriptions of the party, making it possible either that the Washington People's Party described in the 1880s was a separate party than the earlier one, or that over time the party had shifted from a Conservative to

1230-461: Is widely corroborated, with the official History of the Washington State Legislature claiming for example that former Republican Governor Dr. W.A. Newell ran as a People's Party candidate, and that in the 1887 Legislative council, 6 members were Republicans, 4 were Democrats, and 2 were from the People's Party. Most sources state that it was formed after a defection of Democrats and some anti-establishment Republicans from their parties. Despite this,

1312-651: The Columbia River commencing in 1807. In 1811, he became the first European to navigate the entire length of the river to the Pacific. Along the way he posted a notice where it joins the Snake River claiming the land for Britain and stating the intention of the North West Company to build a fort there. Subsequently, Fort Nez Perces trading post, was established near present-day Walla Walla, Washington. Thompson's notice

1394-552: The Confederacy , but instead garrisoned the few posts in Washington that were not abandoned at the beginning of the war. They also protected communications routes between the western and eastern United States in Oregon and Idaho from the Indians and against the threat of foreign intervention on the Pacific coast by Britain and France that never materialized. On December 28, 1861, during

1476-673: The Olympic Peninsula dates back to approximately 9,000 BCE, 3,000 to 5,000 years after massive flooding of the Columbia River which carved the Columbia Gorge . Anthropologists estimate there were 125 distinct Northwest tribes and 50 languages and dialects in existence before the arrival of Euro-Americans in this region. Throughout the Puget Sound region, coastal tribes made use of the region's abundant natural resources, subsisting primarily on salmon, halibut, shellfish, and whale. Cedar

1558-501: The Oregon trail , wandered north to settle in the Puget Sound area. Washington Territory , which included Washington and pieces of Idaho and Montana, was formed from Oregon Territory in 1853. Isaac Ingalls Stevens , a Mexican-American War veteran, had heavily supported the candidacy of President Franklin Pierce , a fellow veteran. In 1853 Stevens successfully applied to President Pierce for

1640-711: The Treaty of 1818 , following from the War of 1812 , Great Britain and the United States established the 49th parallel as the border west to the Continental Divide of the Rocky Mountains ; but agreed to joint control and occupancy of Oregon Country . In 1824, Russia signed an agreement with the U.S. acknowledging it had no claims south of 54-40 latitude north and Russia signed a similar treaty with Britain in 1825. Joint occupancy

1722-605: The Umatilla Indian Reservation in northeastern Oregon; fourteen other tribal groups to the Yakama Indian Reservation in southern Washington State; and the Nez Perce to a reservation in the border region of Washington, Oregon and Idaho. That same year, gold was discovered in the newly established Yakama reservation and white miners encroached upon these lands, with Washington Territory beginning to consider annexing them. While Governor Stevens generally avoided some of

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1804-743: The Yakima War of 1855–1858, and the Spokane War of 1858, all happened simultaneously and were generally referred to by the Washingtonian settlers as the "Indian Wars". Fighting raged in the Cascade Mountains and spilled out into larger battles such as the Battle of Seattle , with both sides committing atrocities. Stevens led his soldiers on the frontlines, doing battle with the Natives in vicious encounters across

1886-632: The governorship of the new Washington Territory , a post that also carried the title of Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Lumber industries drew settlers to the territory. Coastal cities, like Seattle (founded in 1851 and originally called "Duwamps"), were established. Though wagon trains had previously carried entire families to the Oregon Territory, these early trading settlements were populated primarily with single young men. Liquor, gambling, and prostitution were ubiquitous, supported in Seattle by one of

1968-644: The 1850s (note the events associated with Port Gamble in 1856–1857). Miners bound for the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush in British Columbia in 1858 using the Okanagan Trail traveled under arms, and many instances of violence occurred along the route. Throughout the existence of Washington Territory , Governor Isaac Ingalls Stevens proved the defining character of the political landscape. His hawkish and authoritarian tendencies were often at odds with

2050-555: The 42nd Parallel to the United States by the 1819 Adams-Onís Treaty , (but not possession, which was disallowed by the terms of the Nootka Conventions). Britain had long-standing commercial interests through the Hudson's Bay Company and a well-established network of fur trading forts along the Columbia River in what it called Columbia District . These were headquartered from Fort Vancouver in present-day Vancouver, Washington. By

2132-548: The Confederates. Because of Washington's distance and complicated relationship with the war in general, it never sent a division into battle during the Civil War. This does not mean it was totally uninvolved though. The Washington Territory Volunteer Militia was formed by Justus Steinberger , who was able to recruit roughly two divisions from Washington civilians. The Volunteer soldiers who served in Washington did not fight against

2214-463: The Democrats. These early sources tend to paint the People's Party as having been ideologically Populist Conservatives , opposing the corruption and patronage that was common throughout the country at the time, the partisanship of the two political parties, and the culture of political bossism , preferring a more Washingtonian association free from strict partisan lines. Despite many testimonies to

2296-747: The Department of Community Development and the Department of Trade and Economic Development) as the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. DAHP was made into a state agency by the Washington State HB 1706-2005 , and was codified into the Revised Code of Washington, 43.334. DAHP houses Washington's State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), a position created by the National Historic Preservation Act. The SHPO conducts reviews of

2378-606: The East, the territory's population was scattered, and there were only a few U.S. naval ships in the area. He also said the Royal Navy and Marines were powerful and could easily do the job, ending with a statement that "with Puget Sound , and the line of the Columbia River in our hands, we should hold the only navigable outlets of the country—command its trade, and soon compel it to submit to Her Majesty’s Rule." British officials instead chose to pass on his proposal so as not to risk war with

2460-512: The Federally mandated Stevens was often more popular with the Washingtonian people than the actual local elected government (despite the controversy surrounding him). As the nation approached civil war, national politics were in the midst of a great transition. The Whig party had recently collapsed and virtually disappeared from politics, and the newly formed Republicans were not yet a factor. This combined with their anti-federalist tendencies led to

2542-718: The Hoko River site near Clallam Bay are believed to be 2,500 years old. The first European record of a landing on the Washington coast was in 1774 by Spaniard Juan Pérez . One year later, Spanish Captain Don Bruna de Heceta on board the Santiago , part of a two-ship flotilla with the Sonora , landed near the mouth of the Quinault River and claimed the coastal lands up to the Russian possessions in

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2624-518: The Indians, often in ways that disregarded or misunderstood native practices. When missionaries Dr. Marcus Whitman and Narcissa Whitman refused to leave their mission as racial tensions mounted in 1847, 13 American missionaries were killed by Cayuse and Umatilla Indians. Explanations of the 1847 Whitman massacre in Walla Walla include outbreaks of disease, resentment over harsh attempts at conversion of both religion and way of life, and contempt of

2706-694: The National Register of Historic Places, as well as the Washington Heritage Register and the Heritage Barn Register. The current Washington State Architectural Historian is Michael Houser. Substitute House bill 2115-2007 established the Washington State Barn Preservation program, and charged DAHP with maintaining a Heritage Barn Register and administering grants programs for heritage barn owners. DAHP also staffs

2788-454: The Natives, and so upon the declaration of Martial Law they were immediately arrested and shipped off to Fort Steilacoom . In addition, Stevens was generally suspicious of many of the Whig supporters throughout the territory, and had them arrested or harassed. Isaac Stevens Lt. Silas B. Curtis Francis A. Chenoweth Sheriff of Pierce County Lt. Col. Silas Casey The territorial judiciary

2870-543: The Nisqually negotiations, tensions with other local tribes also continued to escalate. In one instance a group of Washingtonians assaulted and murdered a Yakama mother, her daughter, and her newborn infant. The woman's husband Mosheel, the son of the Yakama tribe's chieftain, gathered up a posse, tracked down the miners and killed them. The Bureau of Indian Affairs sent out an agent named Andrew Bolon to investigate, but before reaching

2952-613: The Oregon Trail, some traveled through the northern part of the Oregon Territory and settled in the Puget Sound area. The first European settlement in the Puget Sound area in the west of present-day Washington State came in 1833 at the British Hudson's Bay Company 's Fort Nisqually , a farm and fur-trading post later operated by the Puget's Sound Agricultural Company (incorporated in 1840),

3034-691: The Section 106 process, 2,688 projects through the State SEPA process, and 1,336 reviews through the EO 0505 process. Washington's State Historic Preservation Office was first created by Washington State Bill 363 in 1967. Within a year, the State Advisory Board convened for the first time, and it was staffed by the State Parks Department. Funding for the program was not secured until 1973, and coincided with

3116-505: The State Environmental Protection Act (SEPA). The current Washington State Historic Preservation Officer is Dr. Allyson Brooks. DAHP staffs the Governor's advisory board on Historic Preservation, which was established by RCW 27.34.250-330. The Board meets three or four times a year and reviews applications to the Washington Heritage Register and the National Register of Historic Places . It has nine members, including

3198-624: The State. While eventually Federal General John E Wool arrived and tried to take control of the US’ forces in order to centralize the chain of command, his reportedly elitist attitude and belief that the Washingtonian whites had caused the war meant he lost the loyalty of the volunteer driven militias who mostly stayed de facto under the command of Stevens. In addition, raids by Haida , Tlingit and other northern tribes from British and Russian territory terrorized Native Americans and settlers alike in Puget Sound in

3280-687: The United States. Further explorations of the straits were performed by Spanish explorers Manuel Quimper in 1790 and Francisco de Eliza in 1791 and then by British Captain George Vancouver in 1792. Captain Vancouver claimed the sound for Britain and named the waters south of the Tacoma Narrows Puget's Sound , in honor of Peter Puget , who was the lieutenant accompanying him on the Vancouver Expedition . The name later came to be used for

3362-464: The Yakama, eventually joined by the Walla Walla and the Cayuse - united together to fight the Americans in what is called the Yakima War . The U.S. Army sent troops and a number of raids and battles took place. In 1858, the Americans, at the Battle of Four Lakes , defeated the Natives decisively. In a newly imposed treaty, tribes were, again, confined to reservations. The Puget Sound War of 1855–1856,

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3444-591: The admission of the State of Oregon to the union in 1859, the eastern portions of the Oregon Territory , including southern Idaho , portions of Wyoming west of the continental divide (then Nebraska Territory ), and a small portion of present-day Ravalli County, Montana were annexed to the Washington Territory. In 1863, the area of Washington Territory east of the Snake River and the 117th meridian west

3526-626: The boundary dispute from the Pig War and established the US–Canada border through the San Juan Islands and Gulf Islands . In 1848, the Oregon Territory , composed of present-day Washington, Oregon, and Idaho as well as parts of Montana and Wyoming, was established. Settlements in the eastern part of the state were largely agricultural and focused around missionary establishments in the Walla Walla Valley . Missionaries attempted to 'civilize'

3608-491: The city's founders, David Swinson "Doc" Maynard , who believed that well-run prostitution could be a functional part of the economy. The Fraser Gold Rush in what would, as a result, become the Colony of British Columbia saw a flurry of settlement and merchant activity in northern Puget Sound which gave birth to Port Townsend (in 1851) and Whatcom (founded in 1858, later becoming Bellingham ) as commercial centres, at first attempting to rival Victoria on Vancouver Island as

3690-435: The courthouse demanding entrance to arrest Chenoweth, but the local militia held firm, and eventually soldiers from the local US Federal military base, led by Lt. Col. Silas Casey (who had previously written in sympathy of Chenoweth), arrived overlooking the town, with orders to intervene if shooting began. Fearing a shootout with both the Federal government and the territorial judiciary, Stevens’ men reluctantly pulled back after

3772-411: The creation of the Washington Heritage Register. In 1975, the first Washington SHPO was appointed. The office bounced around for a time, cycling between independent agency and housed within another state agency. Most recently, DAHP became an independent agency after leaving the Washington State Department of Community, Trade and Economic Development (now the Washington State Department of Commerce, formerly

3854-409: The crime scene the chief of the Yakama intercepted him and warned Bolon that Mosheel was too dangerous to be taken in. Taking heed of this warning, Bolon decided to return to the Bureau to report his findings. He joined a traveling group of Yakama on his return trip, and while they walked he told them why he was in the area, about the unexplained murder that had happened. Unbeknownst to Bolon, the rest of

3936-399: The declaration of martial law), and many white settlers in Washington thought that the Anti-Stevens agitators were too sympathetic to the Natives. Because many Washingtonians did not feel they aligned with either the Republicans or Democrats , early on in the history of the territory a popular third party was founded, called the People's Party. The existence and prominence of this party

4018-405: The desires of the territorial and Federal governments. In addition, as both an anti-slavery and anti-federalist stronghold, Washington's position in the union was unclear as the nation approached its impending civil war . Generally, citizens of Washington where highly anti-federalist, seeing the national government as greedy kleptocrats interfering in Washingtonian business. Despite this,

4100-549: The ease and streamline construction planning, DAHP has created a pre-contact archaeological predictive model, which will give an overview of the likelihood of finding archaeological resources in any given area of the state. The agency also features a robust built environment staff who review construction impacts to historic properties. This unit provides some technical assistance in historic preservation standards to local jurisdictions in addition to conducting reviews of historic resources. DAHP keeps track of Washington's properties on

4182-449: The end of the importation of “hordes of heathen slaves” from the “Mongolian Empire” into America by business owners, the restriction of their right to own property, and the deportation of existing Chinese peoples. This version of the party also fits into the noted debate during the late 1880s over whether the People's Party was officially affiliated with the Knights of Labor , with whom many members were shared. Another complicating factor

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4264-434: The idea that the People's Party were simply a populist offshoot of the conservative Democrats, the Snohomish People's Party platform of 1886 paints a very different picture. In it the party is portrayed more as a populist quasi- socialist laborite party, which believed that capitalists controlled the national Congress, and that a party for the Washingtonian working class was needed to fight for its interests. This version of

4346-427: The impacts to historic resources caused by construction funded by federal dollars under the authority of the National Historic Preservation Act, section 101. Governor Christine Gregoire 's 2005 executive order, EO 05-05, further extended the Washington SHPO's authority to include the review of capital projects using state dollars. Washington State designates DAHP as an agency with expertise in cultural resources under

4428-457: The judge told jurors that if they believed the killing of the militiaman was an act of war, they could not find Leschi guilty of murder. A second trial, without this note to the jury, ended in Leschi being convicted of murder and sentenced to execution. Interference by those who opposed the execution were able to stall it for months, but in the end they could not prevent it. Chief Leschi was formally exonerated of his crimes in 2014. Concurrent with

4510-406: The largest battles of the war. Stevens, who was seeking to punish Leschi for what he considered a troublesome revolt, had Leschi charged with the murder of a member of the Washingtonian militia. Leschi's argument in his defense was that he was not at the scene of the killing, but that even if he was the killing had been an act of war and was thus not murder. The initial trial ended in a hung jury after

4592-468: The largest of which is for the Yakama. At Ozette , in the northwest corner of the state, an ancient village was covered by a mud slide, perhaps triggered by an earthquake about 500 years ago. More than 50,000 well-preserved artifacts have been found and cataloged, many of which are now on display at the Makah Cultural and Research Center in Neah Bay . Other sites have also revealed how long people have been there. Thumbnail-sized quartz knife blades found at

4674-448: The more genocidal rhetoric that was popular among some settlers, historian David M. Buerge charges that Stevens' "timetable [was] reckless; [that] the whole enterprise was organized in profound ignorance of native society, culture, and history,” and that “[t]he twenty-thousand-odd aboriginal inhabitants who were assumed to be in rapid decline, were given a brutal choice: they would adapt to white society or they could disappear.” A treaty

4756-409: The native Indians shown by the missionaries, particularly by Narcissa Whitman, the first white American woman in the Oregon Territory. This event triggered the Cayuse War against the Natives, wherein the Provisional Legislature of Oregon in 1847 immediately raised companies of volunteers to go to war, if necessary, against the Cayuse, and, to the discontent of some of the militia leaders, also sent

4838-495: The north. In 1778, the British explorer Captain James Cook sighted Cape Flattery , at the entrance to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. But the strait itself was not found until Charles William Barkley , captain of the Imperial Eagle , sighted it in 1787. Barkley named it for Juan de Fuca . The Spanish-British Nootka Conventions of the 1790s ended Spanish exclusivity and opened the Northwest Coast to explorers and traders from other nations, most important being Britain, Russia, and

4920-448: The ongoing Trent Affair , Governor of the Colony of British Columbia James Douglas wrote to Secretary of State for the Colonies Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle , arguing that Britain should seize the Washington Territory while the US was preoccupied with the Civil War. He reasoned this was possible because there were little to no US troops stationed in the region since most other units stationed there were off to war in

5002-406: The party advocated busting monopolies , increasing safety regulations , equal pay for all regardless of race, sex, or creed, women's suffrage , the abolition of convict labor , the abolition of child labor , and the use of public land by settlers rather than corporations. Notably, this party platform also displayed intense nationalist , anti-foreigner , and anti-Asian sentiments, calling for

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5084-404: The party's actual members, ideology , goals, achievements, and even the date of its foundation is somewhat difficult to place due to conflicting primary sources and a lack of secondary analysis. The official History of the Washington State Legislature states "As had been the case in 1882, in Thurston County, Democrats and anti-administration Republicans joined to form the People’s Party". However

5166-401: The path millions of salmon took to spawn. The presence of private wealth among the more aggressive coastal tribes encouraged gender divisions, as women took on prominent roles as traders and men participated in warring and captive-taking with other tribes. The eastern tribes, called the Plateau tribes, survived through seasonal hunting, fishing, and gathering. Tribal work among the Plateau Indians

5248-402: The process of issuing a writ of habeas corpus. News of Chenoweth's actions got to Stevens and he deployed a detachment of soldiers to shut down the court and arrest Chenoweth. While these volunteers were on route, Chenoweth ordered the Sheriff of Pierce County to summon the local posse under arms, and accordingly 50 men gathered to defend the court. Stevens’ territorial volunteers arrived at

5330-404: The prosecution of the Indian war circumstances have existed affording such grave cause of suspicion, such that certain evil disposed persons of Pierce county have given aid and comfort to the enemy. Therefore, as the war is now being actively prosecuted throughout nearly the whole of the said county, I, Isaac I. Stevens, Governor of the Territory of Washington, do hereby proclaim Martial Law over

5412-506: The said county of Pierce, and do by these presents suspend for the time being and till further notice, the functions of all civil officers in said county. The decision was made unilaterally, without the support of the territorial or federal government. In Washington, many men from the Hudson Bay Company had married Native women during the early years of the Territory (before it was considered safe enough for white women). Stevens and his administration suspected these men of having covertly aided

5494-494: The state from the east on October 10, 1805. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were surprised by the differences in Indian tribes in the Pacific Northwest from those they had encountered earlier in the expedition, noting, in particular, the increased status of women among both coastal and plateau tribes. Lewis hypothesized that the equality of women and the elderly with men, was linked to more evenly distributed economic roles. Canadian explorer David Thompson extensively explored

5576-445: The territory in the 1830s, traders and fur trade workers generally sought Métis or Native American women for wives. Early European-Indigenous mixed ancestry settlements resulted from these partnerships as outgrowth of the fur trade into agriculture: Cowlitz Prairie ( Fort Vancouver ) and Frenchtown ( Fort Nez Percés ). American interests in the region grew as part of the concept of manifest destiny . Spain ceded their rights north of

5658-410: The time. The beliefs and allegiances of this party are also somewhat unclear. The official history and certain newspapers from the 1870s labelled the People's Party as nothing but radical Bourbon Democrats , who were effectively members of the Democrats. However other sources seemed to dispute this, with one newspaper claiming that the People's Party and the Republicans were working together against

5740-643: The title DAHP . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DAHP&oldid=531582395 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation DAHP reviews an impressive number of projects. In Washington's 2008 fiscal year (July 1, 2007 – June 30, 2008), DAHP reviewed 4,911 projects through

5822-423: The trip would be taken up by argument between the natives in a language he did not understand, as the leader of the group, Mosheel, argued for the murder of Bolon. Before he was stabbed in the throat, Bolon reportedly yelled in Chinook dialect, "I did not come to fight you!" Washington Territory immediately mobilized for war, and sent the Territorial Militia to put down what it saw as a rebellion. The tribes - first

5904-483: The waters north of Tacoma Narrows as well. Vancouver and his expedition mapped the coast of Washington from 1792 to 1794. Captain Robert Gray (for whom Grays Harbor County is named) discovered the mouth of the Columbia River in 1792, naming the river after his ship "Columbia" and later establishing a trade in sea otter pelts. The Lewis and Clark Expedition , under the direction of President Thomas Jefferson , entered

5986-512: Was also gender-divided, with both men and women responsible for equal parts of the food supply. The principal tribes of the coastal areas include the Chinook , Lummi , Quinault , Makah , Quileute , and Snohomish . The Plateau tribes include the Klickitat , Cayuse , Nez Percé , Okanogan , Palouse , Spokane , Wenatchee , and Yakama . Today, Washington contains more than 20 Indian reservations,

6068-530: Was an important building material and was used by tribes to build both longhouses and large canoes . Clothing was also made from the bark of cedar trees. The Columbia River tribes became the richest of the Washington tribes through their control of Celilo Falls, historically the richest salmon fishing location in the Northwest. These falls on the Columbia River, east of present-day The Dalles, Oregon , were part of

6150-524: Was found by Astorians looking to establish an inland fur post. It contributed to David Stuart's choice, on behalf of the American Pacific Fur Company , of a more northerly site for their operations at Fort Okanogan . By the time American settlers arrived in the 1830s, a population of Métis (mixed race) people had grown from centuries of early-European fur traders partnering with Native American women. Before Caucasian women began moving to

6232-615: Was one of the least involved regions of the Union during the US Civil War, it nonetheless had a major impact on the territory. Despite anti-federalist sympathies and Democratic party dominance, there was never a strong secessionist movement in Washington state. While many were sympathetic to the cause of the Confederacy , the lack of slavery in the territory combined with its weariness after the Indian Wars gave it no real incentive to join ranks with

6314-482: Was outraged and pulled out of the negotiations, preferring war to the loss of his tribe's ancestral lands. While it is not clear who fired the first shots, this standoff quickly escalated into violence as Washington Territorial militias began to exchange fire with Nisqually soldiers. This conflict would come to be known as the Puget Sound War . In 1856, Chief Leschi of the Nisqually was finally captured after one of

6396-474: Was outraged at this federal outsider overstepping his authority to trample on local rule of law, and Justices Francis Chenoweth and Edward Lander subsequently began a drawn out legal dispute with Stevens which threatened to spill the Territory into civil war. After Stevens ignored a writ of habeas corpus for the prisoners from Judge Lander, Lander responded by holding Stevens in contempt of court and sending out

6478-458: Was presented to Chief Leschi of the Nisqually (along with other tribes), and while it provided concessions such as fishing rights, the main crux of the so-called Treaty of Medicine Creek was that it required: "The said tribes and bands of Indians hereby cede, relinquish and convey to the United States, all their right, title, and interest in and to the lands and country occupied by them." Leschi

6560-495: Was renewed, but on a year-to-year basis in 1827. Eventually, increased tension between U.S. settlers arriving by the Oregon trail and fur traders led to the Oregon boundary dispute . On June 15, 1846, Britain ceded its claims to the lands south of the 49th parallel , and the U.S. ceded its claims to the north of the same line, in the present day Canada–US border , in the Oregon Treaty . In 1872, An arbitration process settled

6642-629: Was reorganized as part of the newly formed Idaho Territory , leaving that territory with only the lands within the current boundaries of the State of Washington. The conflicts over the possession of land between the Indians and the American settlers led the Americans in 1855, by the treaties at the Walla Walla Council , to coerce not only the Cayuse, but also the Walla Walla and the Umatilla tribes, to

6724-682: Was separated from Oregon and established as Washington Territory following the efforts at the Monticello Convention . On November 11, 1889, Washington became the 42nd state of the United States . Archaeological evidence shows that the Pacific Northwest was one of the first populated areas in North America. Both animal and human bones dating back to 13,000 years old have been found across Washington and evidence of human habitation in

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