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105-599: Though the rush was largely over by 1927, miners from the rush spread out and found a sequence of other gold fields throughout the British Columbia Interior and North , most famously that in the Cariboo . The rush is credited with instigating European-Canadian settlement on the mainland of British Columbia. It was the catalyst for the founding of the Colony of British Columbia , the building of early road infrastructure, and

210-522: A Grand Tour of Europe, including of France , and of Switzerland , and of Germany . Richard Clement Moody named the 400-foot hill in Port Coquitlam , British Columbia, 'Mary Hill', after his wife. However, Mary Moody disliked British Columbia, and described living there as 'roughing it in the bush' relative to living in England. The Royal British Columbia Museum has 42 letters written by Mary Moody from

315-695: A Municipal Commissioner, and expended his time between the learned societies of which he was a member. Moody was elected an Associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers on 23 April 1839, and was therefore one of its oldest members. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society , and a Member of the Royal Agricultural Society , and an Honorary Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects . Moody in 1848 received

420-620: A city of beauty in the wilderness' and planned his city as an iconic visual metaphor for British dominance, 'styled and located with the objective of reinforcing the authority of the Crown and of the robe'. Subsequent to the enactment of the Pre-emption Act of 1860, Moody settled the Lower Mainland . He founded the new capital city, New Westminster , at a site of dense forest of Douglas pine that he selected for its strategic excellence, including

525-682: A continuing influx of newcomers replaced the disenchanted, with even more men storming the route of the Douglas Road to the upper part of Fraser Canyon around Lillooet ; others got to the upper canyon via the Okanagan Trail and Similkameen Trail , and to the lower Canyon via the Whatcom Trail and the Skagit Trail. All these routes were technically illegal since the Governor required that entry to

630-500: A few cases that is also a phrase referring to the land district of the same name, which is a system of legal survey blocks rather than descriptive of the actual geocultural landscape which evolved on top of them. In most cases, the "Country" and "District" are often dropped, and these regions are referred to as, for example, "the Kootenay" or "the Omineca". In some cases, notably the Kootenay,

735-599: A group of rebellious American miners. Governor Douglas placed restrictions on immigration to the new British colony , including the proviso that entry to the territory must be made via Victoria and not overland, but thousands of men still arrived via the Okanagan and Whatcom Trails . Douglas also sought to limit the importation of weapons, one of the reasons for the Victoria-disembarkation requirement, but his lack of resources for oversight meant that overland routes to

840-516: A knowledge of mankind' to lead a Corps of 150 (later increased to 172) Royal Engineers who had been selected for their 'superior discipline and intelligence'. The War Office chose Moody: and Lord Lytton, who described Moody as his 'distinguished friend', accepted their nomination, as a consequence of Moody's military record, his success as Governor of the Falkland Islands, and the distinguished record of his father, Colonel Thomas Moody, Knight , at

945-462: A plain land' and 'a man who could conceive of Edinburgh Castle in terms of a musical score'. Richard Clement Moody was born, on 13 February 1813, at St. Ann's Garrison , Barbados , into a traditional merchant family with a history of military service. He was the third of ten children of Colonel Thomas Moody, CRE WI, Kt. , and of Martha Clement (1784 - 1868) who was the daughter of the landowner Richard Clement (1754 - 1829): and through whom he

1050-454: A police force. He established the requested Executive Council and a Legislative Council in 1845, each of which consisted of British officials, merchants, and local landowners. Moody's governance was impeded by the incompetence of the several members of his administration whom he dismissed. However, when during 1846 Henry Grey, 3rd Earl Grey became Secretary of State for War and the Colonies ,

1155-534: A ripple before us, except when a fish rose to the surface or broods of wild ducks fluttered away" . Moody designed the roads and the settlements of New Westminster, and his Royal Engineers, under Captain John Marshall Grant, built an extensive road network, including that which became Kingsway , which connected New Westminster to False Creek ; and the North Road between Port Moody and New Westminster; and

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1260-474: A second England on the shores of the Pacific' by Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton : who desired to send 'representatives of the best of British culture ' who had 'courtesy, high breeding, and urbane knowledge of the world'. The British Government deemed Moody to be the definitive 'English gentleman and British Officer'. Moody's original title was 'Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for British Columbia' before he

1365-419: A short freeway. Then it continues 496 km (308 mi) east through Salmon Arm , Revelstoke , Rogers Pass , Golden , and Kicking Horse Pass (the highest point on the highway, at 1,627 metres), to Banff , Alberta. Richard Clement Moody Major-General Richard Clement Moody FICE FRGS RIBA (13 February 1813 – 31 March 1887) was a British Governor and Commander of

1470-482: A tale to welcome me at the close of a day of great enjoyment. Moody described the response to his success: 'They gave me a Salute, firing off their loaded Revolvers over my head—Pleasant—Balls whistling over one's head! as a compliment! Suppose a hand had dropped by accident! I stood up, & raised my cap & thanked them in the Queen's name for their loyal reception of me'. In British Columbia, Moody 'wanted to build

1575-663: A tour the United States , with Sir Charles Felix Smith , from 1837 to 1838. On his return from the USA, Moody was stationed at Devonport. Moody served as Professor of Fortifications at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich from July 1838 to October 1841. Moody was in October 1841 appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the Falkland-Islands: this office was renamed Governor of the Falkland Islands in 1843, when he also became Commander-in-Chief of

1680-578: Is incorrect. The Southern Interior roughly falls south of the Thompson River and Shuswap Country (corresponding mostly to the post- Oregon Treaty remainder of the old, original, Hudson's Bay Company Columbia District ). When used directly, it generally means the Okanagan and adjoining areas, particularly the Similkameen , southern Monashees and Boundary Country . Due to a new federal political riding of

1785-652: Is likely that the lauded reputation, at the Colonial Office, of Richard Clement Moody's father, Colonel Thomas Moody, Kt. , contributed to the Office's decision to appoint him to an important position at an unprecedentedly young age, and to grant him powers that were exceptional relative to those of other British Colonial Governors. Moody was directed by Lord John Russell to exercise an authority of 'influence, persuasion, and example'. Richard Clement Moody departed England, for The Falkland Islands, on 1 October 1841. His office

1890-647: Is often broken up informally as the Northern Interior, the Central Interior, the Southern Interior, the Northeast Interior and Southeast Interior, and these names often appear in non-governmental organizations and company names as well as in government administrative districts and ministerial regions, and in weather reports. Below are the 14 regional districts of British Columbia defined as being in

1995-499: Is thought to have also fathered at least two illegitimate children with his Native American housekeeper. Throughout his tenure in British Columbia, Moody feuded with Sir James Douglas Governor of Vancouver Island , whose jurisdiction overlapped with his own. Moody's offices of Chief Commissioner and Lieutenant-Governor were of 'higher prestige [and] lesser authority' than that of Douglas, despite Moody's superior social position in

2100-727: The BC Interior or simply the Interior , is a geographic region of the Canadian province of British Columbia . While the exact boundaries are variously defined, the British Columbia Interior is generally defined to include the 14 regional districts that do not have coastline along the Pacific Ocean or Salish Sea , and are not part of the Lower Mainland . Other boundaries may exclude parts of or even entire regional districts, or expand

2205-791: The British Army in the Falkland Islands , and Gibraltar , and Malta , and Crimea ); and Colonel Hampden Clement Blamire Moody CB (1821 - 1869) (who was Commander of the Royal Engineers in China during the Second Opium War and the Taiping Rebellion ); and the Etonian engineer Shute Barrington Moody (b. 1818). Richard Clement Moody was first educated by private tutors He

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2310-536: The British Columbian , wanted Richard Clement Moody's office to include that of Governor of British Columbia, to make obsolete Douglas. In letter to the Colonial Office of 27 December 1858, Richard Clement Moody states that he has 'entirely disarmed [Douglas] of all jealously'. Douglas repeatedly insulted the Royal Engineers by attempting to assume their command and refusing to acknowledge their contribution to

2415-629: The Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Military Merit of France . Moody during his retirement lived at Caynham Court, Ludlow, Shropshire and later at Fairfield House, Charmouth , Lyme Regis . His friends included the politician and novelist Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton , and the biologist Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker . Richard Clement Moody died at the Royal Bath Hotel, Bournemouth on 31 March 1887, whilst visiting Bournemouth with his daughter, and

2520-478: The Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Military Merit of France . He served as an aide-de-camp to the British Colonial Office, on special service, from August 1849 and tended to his father, Colonel Thomas Moody, Kt. . Richard Clement Moody served at Chatham Dockyard and at Plymouth during 1851. He was Commanding Royal Engineer of Newcastle-upon-Tyne from 1852 until 1854, as which he directed

2625-606: The Ordnance Survey in 1829, and he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Engineers in 1830. He was promoted to Lieutenant 1835, to Second Captain in 1844, to Captain in 1847, to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1855, to Colonel in 1858, and to Major-General in 1866. Moody served with the Ordnance Survey in Ireland from 1832 to 1833. He served on St. Vincent from October 1833 to September 1837, and, subsequently, on

2730-693: The Rocky Mountains and, in the northeast, British Columbia's sector of the Prairies, the Peace River Block . "Interior" is usually and properly capitalized but turns up in lower-case in various books and magazines. The non-coastal areas of the province are considered to be "in the Interior", although the sparsely populated regions of its northern half are usually referred to only as "the North". The town of Hope , at

2835-842: The Stikine Gold Rush , which led to the creation of the Stikine Territory to the colony's north. The Fort Colville Gold Rush in Washington Territory was also a spin-off of the Fraser Gold Rush, as many miners from the Fraser headed there once news of the strike in US territory reached the mining camps. Many others moved on to a gold rush in Colorado. British Columbia Interior The British Columbia Interior , popularly referred to as

2940-501: The 22 Royal Engineers who wished to return to England, who had 8 wives between them, departed for England. 130 of the original Columbia Detachment decided to remain in British Columbia. Scott contends that the dissolution of the Columbia Detachment, and the consequent departure of Moody, 'doomed' the development of the settlement and the realisation of Lord Lytton's dream. A vast congregation of New Westminster citizens gathered at

3045-624: The 5 or 6 gentlemen and the detachment of Royal Sappers and Miners. In 1845, animosity on the River Plate between the British and the French fleets and the Argentine Government of Juan Manuel de Rosas provoked Moody to request an artillery contingent from Britain and to use his Royal Engineers to train a militia from The Falkland Islands' population. In 1891, the militia that was founded by Moody

3150-665: The British Empire's "bulwark in the farthest west" and "found a second England on the shores of the Pacific." Moody arrived in British Columbia in December 1858, commanding the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment . Moody had hoped to begin immediately the foundation of a capital city, but upon his arrival at Fort Langley he learned of an outbreak of violence at the settlement of Hill's Bar. This led to an incident popularly known as " Ned McGowan's War ", where Moody successfully quashed

3255-410: The British authorities for a doctor, a magistrate, and a chaplain: all three were dispatched, and the latter was Moody's brother, James Leith Moody , who, after his arrival in October 1845, was 'querulous and eccentric' in a feud with his brother. Richard Clement established residences, Government offices, a barracks, a new road system, docks, a court of law, a gaol, a school, a church, a graveyard, and

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3360-730: The Chaplain to the British Force in the Islands. However, from the perspective of the British Government, Richard Clement Moody's tenure was a success, the consequence of which has been 180 years of British administration of the islands . In 1994, to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the founding of Stanley, Moody, together with James Clark Ross and Lord Stanley, was commemorated on Falkland Islands stamps issued. Government House in Stanley, which

3465-965: The Chilcotin and the Cariboo, they can be are often referred to as simply Kootenay, Chilcotin and Cariboo.. Some are referred to only without the "Country" or "District" attached, such as "the Tulameen" and "the Similkameen", and in other cases this is more common than the longer form though both occur ("the Stikine" is more common than "the Stikine Country". Combination forms are common, such as Cariboo-Chilcotin, and Thompson-Okanagan, and these often turn up in names of governmental administrative districts, electoral districts and private or public organizations. All often correspond to linguistic and cultural-political divisions of

3570-401: The Colonial Office became less sympathetic to Moody. Moody repudiated the original European settlers of The Falkland Islands but commended his Royal Engineers: he wrote, our community... chiefly composed of men of the lowest class, formerly seamen in whale ships & sealers, foreigners and Spanish gauchos... the only persons opposed to such wretched material for the formation of a colony are

3675-428: The Colonial Office. Moody was charged to establish British order and to transform the new Colony of British Columbia (1858–66) into the British Empire's 'bulwark in the farthest west' and 'found a second England on the shores of the Pacific'. Lytton desired to send to the colony 'representatives of the best of British culture, not just a police force': men who possessed 'courtesy, high breeding and urbane knowledge of

3780-657: The Falkland Islands and in British Columbia, British diplomat David Tatham CMG , who served as Governor of the Falkland Islands, described Moody as an 'Empire builder'. In January 2014, with the support of the Friends of the British Columbia Archives and of the Royal British Columbia Museum Foundation, The Royal British Columbia Museum purchased a photograph album that had belonged to Richard Clement Moody. The album contains over 100 photographs of

3885-559: The Falkland Islands. He served in these offices until July 1848, when he left Stanley, and arrived in England in February 1849. Moody in 1848 received the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Military Merit of France . He served as an aide-de-camp to the British Colonial Office, on special service, from August 1849. He served at Chatham Dockyard and at Plymouth during 1851. Moody was appointed Commanding Royal Engineer of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1852, as which he served until 1854. Moody

3990-467: The First Nations as aboriginal history was also shaped by the landscape's isolating and defining characteristics as settler culture. The main historical subregions, with their own subregions an irrespective of very common overlaps between some areas, and in their most common forms, are as follows: As of 2016 the population is 961,155. The British Columbia Interior's society and culture is affected by

4095-582: The Fraser at the peak of the gold rush. This estimate was based on the Yale area and did not include the non-mining "hangers-on" population. (The Fraser River Gold Rush started in 1858) When news of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush reached London, Richard Clement Moody was hand-picked by the Colonial Office , under Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton , to establish British order and to transform British Columbia into

4200-421: The Fraser basin) to the southeast of Prince George as well as the Omineca District and the Bulkley and Nechako basins. The communities of the upper Skeena are sometimes referred to as being in the Northern Interior, though in cultural terms and usual usage they are part of the North Coast , which is associated in regional terms usually with the South and Central Coast and Vancouver Island. The northern reaches of

4305-416: The Gold Medal of the Royal Agricultural Society . Moody wrote an account of tussock grass in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society (IV. 17, V. 50, VII. 73). The Coat of arms of the Falkland Islands notably includes an image of tussock grass. Moody left the Falkland Islands, for England, on HM Transport Nautilus, in July 1848. Moody arrived in England in February 1849. Moody in 1848 received

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4410-400: The Highway 99 corridor is nominally between Whistler and Pemberton , as Pemberton is often described as being in the Interior, but from the inland perspective it is often seen as part of the Coast because of its wetter climate and close ties to the Lower Mainland. There are many subregions within the Interior, some regions in their own right, and although there are no precise definitions, it

4515-463: The Interior region: The Northern Interior begins somewhere between the Cariboo and the city of Prince George , which lies just south of the big bend in the upper Fraser. The city of Quesnel may be considered to be part of the Northern Interior, but it is usually conceived of as primarily being in the Cariboo, which is normally termed the Central Interior, or North-Central Interior. The Northern Interior includes Robson Valley (the upper reaches of

4620-429: The Lillooet Country is historically considered to be part of the Cariboo, though distinct in its own right. The Bridge River Country has also been referred to as the West Cariboo, but is not considered to be in the Cariboo by its residents. Many urban residents are under the impression that the Bridge River Country is part of the Chilcotin because of the "South Chilcotin" name for the Spruce Lake Protected Area , but this

4725-412: The North". The Northern Interior Plain is a continuation of the interior plain that takes in nearly all of Alberta and southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba. It extends from Monkman Provincial Park and Tumbler Ridge in the south, to Hudson's Hope and the Williston Lake in the west, to Fort St. John and Charlie Lake in the north. The term is used to mean the whole of the Northeastern Interior east of

4830-411: The Northern Interior beyond the Omineca and Skeena-Bulkley regions is usually just referred to as "the North", although it also is considered part of the Northern Interior . "The North" may also refer to Prince George, one of the largest cities in the Interior and also the only major city in the Northern Interior (although that term can also apply to Prince George), which bears the sobriquet "Queen City of

4935-429: The Okanagan cities south of the Shuswap as being in the Central Interior, but these are usually referred to as being in the Southern Interior or South-Central Interior. The Nicola, Fraser Canyon, Thompson and Bridge River -Lillooet Country are sometimes also referred to as being in the Southern Interior, with the Bridge River-Lillooet Country sometimes referred to, along with the Chilcotin, as the West-Central Interior, and

5040-479: The Pacific terminus, at Burrard's Inlet, of Port Moody, of the Canadian and Pacific Railway (which subsequently was extended to the mouth of the Inlet and terminates now at Vancouver); and the Cariboo Road ; and Stanley Park , which was an important strategic area for invaluable the eventuality of an invasion by America. He named Burnaby Lake after his secretary Robert Burnaby, and he named Port Coquitlam's 400-foot 'Mary Hill' after his wife Mary Hawks. Moody designed

5145-400: The Rockies, including Fort Nelson and other parts of the Liard drainage , and before W.A.C. Bennett Dam included the upper Peace River through its canyon between Finlay Forks and Hudson's Hope. The Central Interior is composed, roughly, of the Chilcotin , Cariboo, Bridge River - Lillooet , Fraser Canyon, Nicola , Thompson and Kamloops - Shuswap Countries . Some usages may refer to

5250-410: The Royal Engineers . He was the founder and the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia ; and was Commanding Executive Officer of Malta during the Crimean War ; and was the first British Governor of the Falkland Islands , of which he founded their capital Port Stanley , Moody Brook , and Moody Point in Antarctica . Moody founded the Colony of British Columbia whilst selected to 'found

5355-447: The apologies of the Americans who had waged war on the natives. Wanting to make the British military and governmental presence more visible, Douglas appointed justices of the peace and also revised the slapdash mining rules which had emerged along the river. Troops to maintain order, however, were still in short supply. Competition and interracial tensions between European Americans and non-white miners erupted on Christmas Eve 1858, with

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5460-692: The approbation of the British authorities in London, and was in British Columbia described as 'the real father of New Westminster'. However, Lord Lytton, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, 'forgot the practicalities of paying for clearing and developing the site and the town' and the efforts of Moody's Engineers were continually impeded by insufficient funds, which, together with the continuous opposition of Governor Douglas, whom Sir Thomas Frederick Elliot (1808 - 1880) described as 'like any other fraud', 'made it impossible for [Moody's] design to be fulfilled'. Moody's 5th, 6th, and 7th children, all daughters, were born at Government House in New Westminster. He

5565-411: The beating of Isaac Dixon , a freed American black. He was the town barber and in later years was a popular journalist in the Cariboo . Dixon was beaten by two men from Hill's Bar , the other main town in the southern part of the goldfields. The complicated series of events that ensued is known as McGowan's War . Its potential to provoke United States annexation ambitions within the goldfields, prompted

5670-424: The brig Alarm provoked a feud between their families (the latter of which included John Bull Whitington in The Falkland Islands) that continued during Moody's tenure as Governor of the Falkland Islands and in the Colonial Magazine of November 1844. Shortly after Moody's arrival in 1842, when the Antarctic Expedition of Sir James Clark Ross sailed into Port Louis, Sir James Clark Ross advised Moody to choose for

5775-519: The capital city a site that was more easily accessible to sailing ships than Port Louis. Moody consequently investigated the suitability of Port William, which had been recommended by Lord John Russell , which Moody concluded to be the best site. He renamed the site Port Stanley after Lord Stanley , who was the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, and founded and developed the city, to which, during 1845, he moved The Falkland Islands' administration. Moody designed Government House in Stanley that

5880-402: The clouds there is a sublimity that deeply impresses you. Everything is large and magnificent, worthy of the entrance to the Queen of England's dominions on the Pacific mainland. [...] My imagination converted the silent marshes into Cuyp -like pictures of horses and cattle lazily fattening in rich meadows in a glowing sunset. [...] The water of the deep clear Frazer was of a glassy stillness, not

5985-940: The colony to be made via Victoria, but thousands came overland anyway. Accurate numbers of miners, especially on the upper Fraser, are therefore difficult to reckon. During the gold rush tens of thousands of prospectors from California flooded into the newly declared Colony of British Columbia and disrupted the established balance between the Hudson's Bay Company 's fur traders and indigenous peoples . The influx of prospectors included numerous European Americans and African Americans , Britons , Germans , English Canadians , Maritimers , French Canadians , Scandinavians , Italians , Belgians and French , and other European ethnicities , Hawaiians , Chinese , Mexicans , West Indians , and others. Many of those first-arrived of European and British origin were Californian by culture, and this included Maritimers such as Amor De Cosmos and others. The numbers of "Americans" associated with

6090-419: The definition to include the regional districts of Fraser Valley , Squamish–Lillooet , and Kitimat–Stikine . Home to just under 1 million people, the British Columbia Interior's 14 regional districts contain many cities, towns, airports, and associated regional, provincial , and national parks connected by the province's highway and railway network. The region is known for the complexity of its landforms,

6195-445: The distribution of the land, and, consequently, large areas were bought by speculators. Moody requisitioned 3,750 acres (sc. 1,517 hectares) for himself, and, on this land, he subsequently built for himself, and owned, Mayfield, a model farm near New Westminster. Moody was criticised by journalists for land grabbing , but his requisitions were ordered by the Colonial Office, and Moody throughout his tenure in British Columbia received

6300-434: The dock to bid farewell to Moody as his boat departed for England. Moody wanted to return to British Columbia, but he died before he was able to do so. Moody left his library behind, in New Westminster, to become the public library of New Westminster. In April 1863, the Councillors of New Westminster decreed that 20 acres should be reserved and named Moody Square after Richard Clement Moody. The area around Moody Square that

6405-569: The early settlement of British Columbia, including some of the earliest known photographs of First Nations peoples. On 6 July 1852, at St Andrew's Church, Newcastle upon Tyne , Moody married Mary Susannah Hawks of the Hawks industrial dynasty , who was the daughter of the merchant banker Joseph Hawks JP DL Sheriff of Newcastle , and of Mary Boyd of the Boyd merchant banking family. Mary Hawks's maternal uncles included Admiral Benedictus Marwood Kelly and industrialist Edward Fenwick Boyd . After their marriage, Richard and Mary Moody embarked on

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6510-417: The eastern end of the Fraser Valley and at the foot of the Fraser Canyon , is often considered the "Gateway to the Interior" and bears an entrance arch to that effect, though in practical terms the Interior does not begin until somewhere between Yale and Boston Bar , in the Fraser Canyon, or until the summits of the Coquihalla and Allison Passes . The boundary between "the Coast" and "the Interior" along

6615-580: The entirety of China . Richard Clement Moody and his wife Mary Hawks (of the Hawks industrial dynasty and of the Boyd merchant banking family) and their four children left England for British Columbia in October 1858 and arrived in British Columbia in December 1858, with the 172 Royal Engineers of the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment , and his secretary the freemason Robert Burnaby (after whom he subsequently named Burnaby Lake ), under his command. The original Columbia Detachment consisted of 150 Royal Engineers, both sappers and officers, before it

6720-425: The expedition of Sir James Clark Ross , described Moody as 'a very active and intelligent young man, most anxious to improve the colony and gain every information [ sic ] respecting its products'. Moody granted Hooker use of his personal library, which Hooker described as 'excellent', and the two became friends. Moody's refusal to acquiesce to George Thomas Whitington's attempt to force him to travel in

6825-433: The first Coat of Arms of British Columbia . Port Moody , and Moody Park and Moody Square in New Westminster, are named after him. Moody was a polymath who excelled in engineering, architecture, and music. He planned the restoration of Edinburgh Castle using musical chords , for which he was summoned to Windsor Castle for commendation by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert . He has been described as 'a visionary in

6930-487: The first Coat of arms of British Columbia . Richard Clement Moody established Port Moody , which was subsequently named after him, at the end of the trail that connected New Westminster with Burrard Inlet, to defend New Westminster from potential attack from the United States. Moody also established a town at Hastings which was later incorporated into Vancouver. The British designated multiple tracts as government reserves. The Pre-emption Act did not specify conditions for

7035-432: The first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia , from December 1858 to July 1863. Moody arrived in England, from British Columbia, in December 1863. He was Commanding Royal Engineer at Chatham Dockyard between March 1864 and 1866. as which he served until January 1866. On 25 January 1866, he was promoted to Major-General , and he retired from the British Army, on full pay, later that month. Moody then served as

7140-467: The founding of many towns. Although the area had been mined for a few years, news of the strike spread to San Francisco when the governor of the Colony of Vancouver Island , James Douglas , sent a shipment of ore to that city's mint. People in San Francisco and the California gold fields greeted the news with excitement. Within a month 30,000 men had descended upon Victoria . 4,000 of these Gold Rush pioneers settlers were Chinese. Until that time,

7245-416: The gold rush must be understood to be inherently European-ethnic to start with. Anglo-American Southerners (from states such as Missouri and Kentucky), Midwesterners, and New Englanders were well represented. Alfred Waddington, an entrepreneur and pamphleteer of the gold rush later infamous for the disastrous road-building expedition which led to the Chilcotin War of 1864, estimated there were 10,500 miners on

7350-458: The goldfields could not be controlled. During the fall of 1858, tensions increased between miners and the Nlaka'pamux , the First Nations people of the Canyon. This led to the Fraser Canyon War . Miners wary of venturing upriver beyond Yale began to use the Lakes Route to Lillooet instead, prompting Douglas to contract for the building of the Douglas Road , the Mainland Colony's first public works project. The governor arrived in Yale to accept

7455-409: The governor to send newly appointed Chief Justice Begbie , the colony's chief of police Chartres Brew and a contingent of Royal Engineers and Royal Marines to intervene. They did not need to use force and were able to resolve the matter peacefully. The team also dealt with the corruption of British appointees in the area, which had contributed to the crisis. The Fraser Canyon War did not affect

7560-406: The judgement of the Royal Engineers and of the British Government which had selected Moody to 'out manoeuvre the old Hudson's Bay Factor [Governor Douglas]'. Sir Thomas Frederick Elliot (1808 - 1880) described Governor Douglas as 'like any other fraud', whereas Moody had been selected by Lord Lytton for his qualities of the archetypal 'English gentleman and British Officer', and because his family

7665-516: The latter. In June 1843, when Moody's office was renamed 'Governor' (from Lieutenant-Governor), Moody was instructed by the Colonial Office to establish a colonial administration with a Legislative Council and an Executive Council. The records of Moody's 'conscientious' and 'impressive' administration of Falkland are held in the Jane Cameron National Archives in Stanley. Moody enacted laws and collected other duties or taxes. He asked

7770-617: The majority of evidence, and almost all other biographies of Moody, including that by the Institution of Civil Engineers, and that by the Royal Engineers, and that by the British Columbia Historical Association, commend Moody's achievements in British Columbia. The Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment was disbanded in July 1863. The Moody family (which now consisted of Moody, and his wife, and seven legitimate children) and

7875-580: The miners had either drifted back to the U.S. or dispersed further into the British Columbia wilderness in search of unstaked riches. Other gold rushes proliferated around the colony, with notable gold rushes at Rock Creek , the Similkameen , Wild Horse Creek and the Big Bend of the Columbia River spinning immediately off the Fraser rush, and gold exploration soon after led to the Omineca Gold Rush and

7980-539: The nascent colony. Margaret A. Ormsby, who was the author of the Dictionary of Canadian Biography entry for Moody (2002), unpopularly censures Moody for the abortive development of the New Westminster. However, most significant historians commend Moody's contribution and exonerate Moody from culpability for the abortive development of New Westminster, especially with regard to the perpetual insufficiency of funds and of

8085-603: The personally motivated opposition by Douglas that continually delayed the development of British Columbia. Robert Burnaby observed that Douglas proceeded with 'muddling [Moody's] work and doubling his expenditure' and with employing administrators to 'work a crooked policy against Moody' to 'retard British Columbia and build up... the stronghold of Hudson's Bay interests' and their own 'landed stake'. Therefore, Robert Edgar Cail, Don W. Thomson, Ishiguro, and Scott commended Moody for his contribution, and Scott accused Ormsby of being 'adamant in her dislike of Colonel Moody' despite

8190-555: The populations of First Nations Canadians and French-Canadians people and residents living close to the US - Canada border. The Trans-Canada Highway (TCH) is the major roadway through the region. The TCH enters the region from the south after 186 km (116 mi) through the Fraser Canyon in the Lower Mainland toward Cache Creek . As a mostly high mobility highway with only occasional mandatory stops, it heads east for 79 km (49 mi) through to Kamloops where it becomes

8295-596: The province and well over 80% of its mainland. As it consists of a series of interlocking valleys and plateaus, geographic effects relating to isolation, physical remoteness, local indigenous culture, the background of various groups of settlers, and more, have contributed to an identifiable patchwork of regional identities, referred to as "districts" or "countries" (e.g., the Omineca Country, the Boundary Country). Usage such as "Lillooet District" are also common but in

8400-519: The quality of its port. He, in his letter to his friend Arthur Blackwood of the Colonial Office, dated 1 February 1859, described the majestic beauty of the site: "The entrance to the Frazer is very striking--Extending miles to the right & left are low marsh lands (apparently of very rich qualities) & yet fr the Background of Superb Mountains- Swiss in outline, dark in woods, grandly towering into

8505-576: The rebellion, which became popularly known as ' Ned McGowan's War ', without loss of life. Moody described the incident: The notorious Ned McGowan, of Californian celebrity at the head of a band of Yankee Rowdies defying the law! Every peaceable citizen frightened out of his wits!—Summons & warrants laughed to scorn! A Magistrate seized while on the Bench, & brought to the Rebel's camp, tried, condemned, & heavily fined! A man shot dead shortly before! Such

8610-503: The response to the burst reservoir at Holmfirth, Yorkshire, from on 5 February 1852, which destroyed life and property. Moody was promoted to Regimental Colonel on 8 December 1853 and was appointed Executive Officer of Malta , during 1854, during the Crimean War . Whilst at Malta, his eldest son, Richard Stanley Hawks Moody , later a distinguished Colonel, was born, on 23 October 1854, at Strada Reale , Valletta . Richard Clement Moody

8715-514: The restoration of Edinburgh Castle that were based on a musical principle in which measurements were made 'drawn to musical chords '. He has been described as 'a visionary in a plain land' and 'a man who could conceive of Edinburgh Castle in terms of a musical score'.< His plans so impressed Lord Panmure that he was invited to Windsor Castle to present them to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert , both of whom were musicians and both of whom were delighted. The implementation of Moody's plans

8820-515: The result of millions of years of tectonic plate movements. The ecology of the region is dominated by temperate coniferous forest with patches of alpine tundra found atop its numerous mountain ranges. The region, which includes the Interior Plateau as well as various mountain ranges and the valleys between them, comprises everything inland from the Coast Mountains and reaching east to

8925-811: The same name (see Southern Interior ) the usage has now come to apply to the cities of the West Kootenay , along with the rest of the Kootenays , although the West Kootenay has usually been referred to in the past, and is today, as the Southeast Interior. The Big Bend of the Columbia and the Rocky Mountain Trench are in the Interior, but are not usually included in mentions of either the Central Interior or Southern Interior. The Interior comprises over 70% of

9030-478: The upper reaches of the goldfields, in the area of Lillooet, and the short-lived popularity of the Douglas Road caused the town to be designated "the largest town north of San Francisco and west of Chicago ", with an estimated population of 16,000. This title was also briefly held by Port Douglas , Yale, and later on by Barkerville . By 1860, however, the gold-bearing sandbars of the Fraser were depleted. Many of

9135-511: The village had had a population of only about 500. This was a record for mass movement of mining populations on the North American frontier, even though more men in total were involved in the gold rushes of California and Colorado. By the fall, however, tens of thousands of men who had failed to stake claims or were unable to because of the summer's high water on the river, pronounced the Fraser to be "humbug." Many returned to San Francisco, but

9240-503: The world' such as Moody, whom the Government considered to be the archetypal 'English gentleman and British Officer' to command the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment . Moody's brother, Colonel Hampden Clement Blamire Moody , had already served with the Royal Engineers in British Columbia, from 1840 to 1848, to such success that he was subsequently granted command of the Regiment across

9345-502: Was 'eminently respectable'. Governor Douglas's mother was 'a half-breed' and 'an affront to Victorian society': whereas Mary Moody was a member of the Hawks industrial dynasty and of the Boyd merchant banking family. Mary Moody wrote, on 4 August 1859, 'it is not pleasant to serve under a Hudson's Bay Factor', and that the 'Governor and Richard can never get on'. John Robson, who was the editor of

9450-694: Was Executive Officer at Malta , during 1854, during the Crimean War , but was compelled to resign from this post in May 1855 as a consequence of insufficient health. He toured Germany before his appointment as Commander of the Royal Engineers in Scotland in November 1855. Moody was appointed the Commander of the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment ; the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for British Columbia; and

9555-451: Was adopted by future settlers. Moody's secretary, Murrell Robinson Robinson [ sic ], a surveyor and engineer, was the nephew of one of Moody's tutors. Moody appointed Robinson as a JP in 1843, but banished him from the Islands in March 1845, with the statement that he set-out 'axe in hand' for some other colony. The botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker , who arrived on the Islands with

9660-531: Was buried at St Peter's Church, Bournemouth . He was not able to fulfil his intention to return to British Columbia. He left over £24,000 in Victorian money, in addition to his estates. In 1833 the Great Britain asserted its authority over the Falkland Islands. In 1841, Moody, aged only 28 years, was appointed, on the recommendation of Lord Vivian , to be the first Lieutenant-Governor of the Falkland Islands. It

9765-581: Was compelled by his Yellow Fever to resign from his office in Malta during May 1855, after which he recuperated on a tour of Germany. He was appointed as Commander of the Royal Engineers in Scotland in November 1855, as which he served until October 1858. Moody was involved in Scottish architectural projects, and enjoyed the intellectual society of Edinburgh. Whilst in Germany during 1855, Moody composed plans for

9870-602: Was completed in 1850 and after he had returned to England. Sir James Ross subsequently named Moody Point , off Joinville Island in Antarctica , after Moody. Moody levied a tax on alcohol, and, because there was a lack of currency on the island, issued his own currency of promissory notes. These two practices resolved immediate problems on the Islands: but Moody was criticized in Parliament, by Sir William Molesworth, 8th Baronet , for

9975-403: Was completed on 14 April 1842 and was sent to London on 3 May. In his General Report, Moody recommended that the Government encourage settlers and promote extensive sheep farming. He estimated that the population of sheep were 40,000 in 1842 and encouraged the Government to import quality stock from Britain to be crossed with the local breeds: this policy was implemented to considerable success and

10080-408: Was completed only in 1889 has also been named Moody Park after Moody. Numerous developments occurred in and around Moody Park, including Century House, which was opened by Princess Margaret on 23 July 1958. In 1984, on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of New Westminster, a monument of Richard Clement Moody, at the entrance of the park, was unveiled by Mayor Tom Baker. For Moody's achievements in

10185-542: Was designed by Moody, featured on the stamps issued in 1933, to commemorate the Centenary, on those issued in 1983, to commemorate 150 years of British administration of the Islands, and on those issued in 1996 to commemorate the visit, in January of that year, by Princess Anne . Moody Brook is named after Richard Clement. In 1845 Moody introduced tussock grass into Great Britain from The Falkland Islands for which he received

10290-522: Was disrupted by the retirement of Lord Panmure after which they were not implemented but are retained at the War Office , where 'they still remain a memorial to Moody's talent'. When news of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush reached London, Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton , Secretary of State for the Colonies, requested that War Office recommend a field officer who were 'a man of good judgement possessing

10395-534: Was from his age of 14 years educated as a Gentleman Cadet at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich , of which he became Head of School in his second year and graduated in his third year. Like his father, and like his brother Hampden Clement Blamire Moody, Richard Clement Moody was a polymath who excelled in engineering, and in architecture, and in music, and in science. He planned the restoration of Edinburgh Castle using music. Richard Clement trained on

10500-542: Was increased to 172. The 'gentlemen' defined by Moody were his three Captains Robert Mann Parsons , John Marshall Grant , and Henry Reynolds Luard , and his two Lieutenants Lieutenant Arthur Reid Lempriere (of Diélament, Jersey) and Lieutenant Henry Spencer Palmer , in addition to Captain William Driscoll Gosset (who was to be Colonial Treasurer and Commissary Officer). The contingent also included Doctor John Vernon Seddall and The Rev. John Sheepshanks (who

10605-474: Was redesignated the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia : as which he founded the capital of British Columbia , New Westminster , and he has been described as 'the real father of New Westminster'. Moody also founded the Cariboo Road and Stanley Park , and named Burnaby Lake after his secretary Robert Burnaby and Port Coquitlam 's 400-foot 'Mary Hill' after his wife, Mary Hawks . He designed

10710-511: Was related to the Belgravia cricketers Reynold Clement and Richard Clement . His paternal grandmother was Barbara Blamire of Cumberland who was a cousin of the MP William Blamire and of the poet Susanna Blamire . Richard Clement Moody's siblings included Major Thomas Moody (1809 - 1839); and James Leith Moody (1816 -1896) (who was Chaplain to Royal Navy in China , and to

10815-513: Was renamed Governor of the Falkland Islands in 1843, when he became Commander-in-Chief of the Falkland Islands. When Moody arrived, on the Hebe, at Port Louis on 16 January 1842, the Falklands was 'almost in a state of anarchy', but he used his powers 'with great wisdom and moderation' to develop the Islands' infrastructure. Moody's General Report of the Falkland Islands for the British Government

10920-623: Was renamed The Falkland Islands Volunteer Force, and it was subsequently renamed again to the Falkland Islands Defence Force , and it was involved in both World Wars and in the Argentine invasion of the Falkland Islands in 1982 , when, coincidentally, a centre of the Argentinian offensive was Moody Brook which was named after Moody. Moody's authority provoked antipathy in his subordinates, especially his inequable brother James Leith,

11025-513: Was to be Chaplain of the Columbia Detachment). Moody was sworn in as the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia and appointed Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for British Columbia. Moody had hoped to begin immediately the foundation of a capital city, but on his arrival at Fort Langley, he learned of an insurrection at the settlement of Hill's Bar by a notorious outlaw, Ned McGowan, and some restive gold miners. Moody repressed

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