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101-455: Isabelle Grossman works for a New York bookstore which supports authors through public readings. When Dutch-American author Anton Maes comes to the bookstore to give a reading, he shows an interest in Isabelle, who is enamored with the literary world that is very different from her strictly religious upbringing. Isabelle pays frequent visits to her Yiddish -speaking Bubbe (grandmother), Ida, on

202-641: A Dutch Briton (his mother being from Rotterdam ), had paid three visits to the Netherlands, where he published several pamphlets. The Census Bureau produced estimates of the colonial American population with roots in the Netherlands , in collaboration with the American Council of Learned Societies , by scholarly classification of the names of all White heads of families recorded in the first U.S. census of 1790 . The government required accurate estimates of

303-561: A free hand in the Spanish Netherlands. This put De Witt under pressure to reach agreement, which increased after France and Portugal agreed an anti-Spanish alliance in March. The role of mediator in peace talks provided prestige and the opportunity to build relationships; since Louis and Leopold both wanted the position, they compromised by using Swedish diplomats. Key players in the vital Baltic trade in grain, iron and shipping supplies,

404-540: A handful of religious tracts annually. Pietist leader Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen (1691–1747) launched a series of revivals that challenge the mainstream church's emphasis on sacraments. Church buildings increasingly followed English rather than historic Dutch models. Politically, however, there was a strong anti-British sentiment that led most of the Dutch to support the American Revolution. One famous Dutch folk hero

505-505: A matter of urgency. Backed by assurances from Louis that he would force the Dutch to agree concessions, the English increased their demands and Van Beverningh told De Witt a major military victory was needed to improve their bargaining position. An opportunity was provided by Charles, who decommissioned most of the Royal Navy in late 1666 as a cost-saving measure. The Dutch took full advantage in

606-607: A number of small huts built by the crew of the Tijger ( Tiger ), a Dutch ship under the command of Captain Adriaen Block which had caught fire while sailing on the Hudson in the winter of 1613. The ship was lost and Block and his crew established a camp ashore. In the spring, Block and his men did some explorations along the coast of Long Island. Block Island still bears his name. Finally, they were sighted and rescued by another Dutch ship and

707-519: A rare great story of "outwardly Jewish love". The film was a modest success, grossing 16-million dollars in the United States against a 4-million dollar budget. Dutch-American 884,857 (0.27%) Dutch alone Dutch Americans ( Dutch : Nederlandse Amerikanen ) are Americans of Dutch and Flemish descent whose ancestors came from the Low Countries in the distant past, or from

808-520: A second two-year term for their act which was used by a great number of Dutch Indos. Several American Presidents had Dutch ancestry: The first Dutch settlers lived in small isolated communities, and as a consequence were barely exposed to English. As the Dutch lost their own colonies in North America to the British, the Dutch settlers increasingly were exposed to other immigrants and their languages and

909-515: A small American warship, the Andrew Doria , sailed into the harbor of the Dutch island of Sint Eustatius in the West Indies . Only four months before, the United States had declared its independence from Great Britain . The American crew was delighted when the governor of the island ordered that his fort's cannons be fired in a friendly salute. The first ever given by a foreign power to the flag of

1010-634: A stretch of land along the Hudson River from the Dutch West India Company of about twelve miles, extending as far inland as the owner wanted. The landowners were called patroons and had complete jurisdiction over their domains as well as extensive trading privileges. They also received these rights in perpetuity. That was a form of feudalism , which had vanished in the Dutch Republic but was introduced in North America. The Patroonships were not

1111-571: A strong link between the RAC and government policy. Huge profits from Asian spices led to conflict even in times of peace, as the Dutch East India Company , or VOC, first created, then enforced, their monopoly over production and trade. By 1663, indigenous and European competitors like the Portuguese had been eliminated, leaving only nutmeg plantations on Run . These had been established by

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1212-571: A success; by 1635, the Dutch West India Company had bought back four of the five patroonships originally registered in Amsterdam. The Native Americans were no longer consulted or offered/asked to sell their lands. The Dutch were confronted with a new phenomenon, Native American raids, since the local tribes had now realized that the Dutch were not simply visitors but people set to settle their land. The Dutch realized that they had gone with

1313-600: Is a Dutch community in Redlands , Ontario , Ripon and Bellflower . As of 2020, the distribution of self-reported Dutch Americans across the 50 states and DC is as presented in the following table: Harmen Jansen Knickerbocker was an early Dutch settler of New York's Hudson River Valley . In art, Willem de Kooning was a leading Abstract Expressionist painter, often depicting the human form in violent brush strokes and daring color juxtapositions. Muralist Anthony Heinsbergen interior designs are still seen today in most of

1414-625: Is celebrated in the Netherlands on April 27 to celebrate the birthday of King Willem Alexander . The Portland Dutch Society started this annual Dutch Holiday celebration in Portland, OR in 2013 and will have one again in 2015 on April 26. It is celebrated by people of Dutch heritage dressed in their Orange clothes and enjoying the sounds of Dutch music and eating typical Dutch foods like kroketten, friet met mayonaise, zoute haring, and other Dutch delicacies. Most Dutch-Americans are white, but some are people of color , including Black Dutch-Americans. During

1515-457: Is deeply touched, through her friends see Sam has given up on her and starts dating Marilyn. One day at a store book reading, Sam shows up invited by Isabelle, as does Anton. Isabelle leaves with Sam, and later agrees to meet him the next day at her Bubbe’s apartment to go on a date. After work the next day, however, she is sidelined by Anton and, believing that he is romantically interested in her, goes to his apartment. She discovers instead that

1616-455: Is often credited with forcing France to return most of their gains at Aix-la-Chapelle , whereas the terms had already been agreed by Louis and Leopold in January 1668. In the longer term, Breda was the point when the English and Dutch came to view France as a greater threat than each other; whilst Charles' preference for a French alliance led to the 1670 Secret Treaty of Dover , the long-term trend

1717-674: The British American Colonial Province of New York , Province of New Jersey , Province of Pennsylvania , and Delaware Colony —ultimately forming the U.S. states of New York , New Jersey , Pennsylvania , and Delaware . [REDACTED] Estimated Dutch American population in the Continental United States as of the 1790 Census [REDACTED] During the early nineteenth century, large numbers of Dutch farmers, forced by high taxes and low wages, started immigrating to America. They mainly settled down in

1818-459: The Founding Fathers of the United States , Egbert Benson and John Jay , were also of Dutch descent. Governors John Hickenlooper of Colorado , Harold G. Hoffman and Thomas Kean of New Jersey, William Henry Vanderbilt III of Rhode Island , George Bell Timmerman Jr. of South Carolina , and Cornelius P. Van Ness of Vermont were also born to Dutch American families. Today

1919-515: The Lower East Side of Manhattan . Anxious for her granddaughter to settle down with a decent Orthodox Jewish man, Ida hires a marriage broker . Although enraged, Isabelle grudgingly allows the matchmaker to introduce her in Bubbe’s kitchen to Sam Posner. At first Isabelle is dismissive of Sam, believing that the small business he owns, a street corner pickle stand, is too working class to provide

2020-539: The Midwest , especially Michigan , Illinois and Iowa . In the 1840s, Calvinist immigrants desiring more religious freedom immigrated. West Michigan in particular has become associated with Dutch American culture, and the highly conservative influence of the Dutch Reformed Church , centering on the cities of Holland and (to a lesser extent) Grand Rapids . Waves of Catholic emigrants, initially encouraged in

2121-567: The Navigation Acts ; goods transported along the Rhine or Scheldt to Amsterdam could be carried by Dutch ships to England without being subject to tariffs. England also accepted the principle of "free ships make free goods", which prevented the Royal Navy from intercepting Dutch ships during wars in which the Dutch were neutral. These terms were preliminary, with a definitive text signed on 17 February 1668. The Danish and French treaties followed

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2222-743: The Netherlands as from 1830 when the Flemish became independent from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands by creating the Kingdom of Belgium . Dutch settlement in the Americas started in 1613 with New Amsterdam , which was exchanged with the English for Suriname at the Treaty of Breda (1667) and renamed New York City . The English split the Dutch colony of New Netherland into two pieces and named them New York and New Jersey . Further waves of immigration occurred in

2323-585: The Orangist opposition. They were supported by Louis, who viewed the Orangists as English agents. Angered by the delay, the States of Zeeland , Gelderland , Groningen , Overijssel and Friesland threatened to stop paying for a war 'continued only by Holland's obstinacy.' The parties eventually settled on Breda, but French military preparations led the Orangists to accuse De Witt of deliberately stalling to allow Louis

2424-697: The Second Anglo-Dutch War : the Dutch Republic , France , and Denmark–Norway . It also included a separate Anglo-Dutch commercial agreement. Negotiations had been in progress since late 1666 but were slow, as both sides tried to improve their positions. This changed after the French invasion of the Spanish Netherlands in late May, which the Dutch viewed as a more serious threat. War-weariness in England

2525-523: The Spanish Netherlands . The 1648 Peace of Münster permanently closed the Scheldt estuary and the port of Antwerp , which did not recover economically until the 19th century. The combination gave Amsterdam effective control of trade in North-West Europe. Louis considered the Spanish Netherlands his by right of marriage to Maria Theresa of Spain but hoped to acquire them peacefully. Negotiations with

2626-781: The Walter-McCarren Act of 1953 adhered to the traditional American policy of minimizing immigrants from Asia. The yearly quota for Indonesia was limited to a 100 visas, even though Dutch foreign affairs attempted to profile Indos as refugees from the alleged pro-communist Sukarno administration. The 1953 flood disaster in the Netherlands resulted in the Refugee Relief Act including a slot for 15,000 ethnic Dutch that had at least 50% European blood (one year later loosened to Dutch citizens with at least two Dutch grandparents) and an immaculate legal and political track record. In 1954 only 187 visas were actually granted. Partly influenced by

2727-520: The 1662 treaty, calculating this would make it harder for the Dutch to oppose his occupation of the Spanish Netherlands. He also paid Sweden to remain neutral, while influencing Denmark–Norway to join the war. Danish assistance saved the Dutch merchant fleet at the Battle of Vågen in August, although this turned out to have been the result of miscommunication. Frederick III of Denmark had secretly agreed to help

2828-613: The 1840s by Father Theodore J. van den Broek , emigrated from the southern Netherlands to form communities in Wisconsin , primarily to Little Chute , Hollandtown, and the outlying farming communities. Whole families and even neighborhoods left for America. Most of these early emigrants were from villages near Uden , including Zeeland , Boekel , Mill , Oploo and Gemert . By contrast, many Protestant agrarian emigrants to Michigan and Iowa were drawn from Groningen, Friesland, and Zeeland; areas known for their clay soils. The Dutch economy of

2929-553: The 1840s was stagnant and much of the motivation to emigrate was economic rather than political or religious. The emigrants were not poor, as the cost of passage, expenses, and land purchase in America would have been substantial. They were not, however, affluent and many would have been risking most of their wealth on the chance of economic improvement. There were also political pressures at the time that favored mass emigrations of Protestants. A significant number of Dutchmen emigrated to

3030-652: The 1850s, after California obtained statehood. They drained away swamps and created artificial islands known as polders, constructed dikes to back away the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers flowing into the San Francisco Bay, also turned them into fertile farmlands and set up inland ports such as Stockton . Also their communities like Lathrop , Galt , Rio Vista and French Camp which were named for Belgians from Belgium are of both French ( Walloon ) or Flemish origin. There

3131-1087: The 18th and 19th centuries, many enslaved and free Black people spoke Dutch. New York City and New Jersey had notable Dutch-speaking Black populations during the colonial era and into the 1800s, dating back to the Dutch settlement in New Amsterdam . The beginnings of the Reformed Church in America date to 1628. By 1740, it had 65 congregations in New York and New Jersey , served by ministers trained in Europe. Schools were few but to obtain their own ministers they formed "Queens College" (now Rutgers University ) in 1766. In 1771, there were 34 ministers for over 100 churches. Until 1764, in at least three Dutch churches in New York City, all sermons were in Dutch; Theodore Roosevelt reports his grandfather 's church used Dutch as late as 1810. Other churches with roots in Dutch immigration to

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3232-457: The 19th and 20th centuries. According to the 2021 American Community Survey , an estimated 3.1 million Americans claim total or partial Dutch heritage, while 884,857  Americans claimed total Dutch heritage. In 2021, 113,634 Dutch Americans were foreign-born (of which 61.5% in Europe). The 2009-2013 survey estimated 141,580 people of 5 years and over to speak Dutch at home, which

3333-489: The 19th century, such as Holland, Michigan and Zeeland, Michigan ; Pella, Iowa , and Orange City, Iowa . Other Dutch enclaves include Lynden, Washington , Ripon, California , and places in New Jersey. It is estimated that, by 1927, as many as 40,000 Dutch settlers, primarily from North Brabant and Limburg , had immigrated to the United States, with the largest concentrations in the area near Little Chute , Wisconsin. By

3434-621: The Anglo-Dutch version in waiving claims for restitution of losses. In addition, England returned the French possessions of Cayenne and Acadia , captured in 1667 and 1654 respectively, but the exact boundaries were not specified, and the handover was delayed until 1670. England regained Montserrat and Antigua , and the Anglo-French division of the Caribbean island of Saint Kitts was restored. After

3535-616: The Baltic grain trade . In October 1666, Charles opened discussions with the States-General of the Netherlands , under the pretext of arrangements to return the body of Vice-Admiral William Berkeley , killed in the Four Days' Battle . He invited the Dutch to negotiations in London and withdrew previous demands for the appointment of his nephew William of Orange as stadtholder , payment of damages,

3636-831: The British East India Company in 1616, before being evicted by the VOC in 1620; when the English re-occupied Run in late 1664, the Dutch expelled them again, this time destroying the plantations. There was a similar struggle over the Atlantic trade between the Dutch West-Indische Compagnie , or WIC, and competitors from Spain, Denmark, Sweden, Portugal and England. Sugar plantations in the Americas were cultivated by slaves from Africa, fed by colonies in North America, leading to conflict in all three regions. In August 1664,

3737-615: The British takeover, the rich Dutch families in Albany and New York City emulated the English elite and purchased English furniture, silverware, crystal, and jewelry. They were proud of their language, which was strongly reinforced by the church, but they were much slower than the Yankees in setting up schools for their children. They finally set up Queens College (now Rutgers University) in New Jersey, but it quickly became anglicized. They never attempted to start newspapers; they published no books and only

3838-528: The Dutch Reformed congregation in New York City. Ten years later English was introduced in the schools. In Kingston, Dutch was used in church as late as 1808. A few years before, a traveler had reported that on Long Island and along the North River in Albany, Dutch was still the lingua franca of the elderly. Francis Adrian van der Kemp, who came to the United States as a refugee in 1788, wrote that his wife

3939-507: The Dutch complied with English demands, in exchange for a free hand in the Spanish Netherlands; by April 1667, diplomats in The Hague were predicting a deal was imminent. When talks eventually began, the English delegation felt their position was extremely strong. Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt and the States of Holland rejected English proposals to negotiate in The Hague , a town dominated by

4040-467: The Dutch continually broke down over his desire to re-open Antwerp as an export route for French goods. By 1663, he concluded they would never make concessions voluntarily and began planning a military intervention. In early 1665, England signed an alliance with Sweden against the Dutch, who suffered a serious defeat at Lowestoft in June, followed by an invasion from Münster . Louis responded by activating

4141-425: The Dutch government chartered the Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie , VOC). It sent explorers under the command of Henry Hudson , who arrived in 1609 and mapped what is now known as the Hudson River . Their initial goal was to find an alternative route to Asia, but they found good farmland and plenty of wildlife instead. The earliest Dutch settlement was built around 1613; it consisted of

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4242-400: The Dutch language gradually started to disappear. The 2009-2013 American Community Survey estimated 141,580 people of 5 years and over to speak Dutch at home, which was equal to 0.0486% of the population in the United States. In 2021, 95.3% of the total Dutch American population of 5 years and over only spoke English at home. In 1764, Archibald Laidlie preached the first English sermon to

4343-553: The Dutch provinces of North Brabant , Limburg and southern Gelderland went to create many settlements in northeastern Wisconsin . But even today, Dutch Americans remain majority Protestant. Between 1820 and 1900, 340,000 Dutch emigrated from the Netherlands to the United States. In the aftermath of World War II , several tens of thousands of Dutch immigrants joined them, mainly moving to California and Washington . In several counties in Michigan and Iowa, Dutch Americans remain

4444-517: The Dutch were in control, only about half the settlers were ethnically Dutch (the other half consisted mainly of Walloons , Germans, and French Huguenots as well as New England Yankees). Manhattan grew increasingly multicultural. In 1664, the English seized the colony and renamed it New York . The Dutch briefly recaptured the colony in 1673, but during peace talks with the English, they decided to trade it in 1674 for Suriname in South America, which

4545-434: The English capture the fleet in return for a share of the profits, but his instructions arrived too late. By late 1666, Charles was short of money, largely due to his refusal to recall Parliament, while English trade had been badly affected by the war and domestic disasters. In contrast, the Dutch economy had largely recovered from its post-1665 contraction, while public debt was lower in 1667 than 1652; however, naval warfare

4646-478: The English kept New Netherland , which was subsequently divided into the colonies of New York , New Jersey , Pennsylvania , Massachusetts , Connecticut and Delaware . Articles 4 to 8 applied the same principle to losses of goods or ships, including those that occurred before the war. No indemnities could be levied or punishments imposed, but all existing Letters of Marque were declared void. To allow time to communicate these instructions, Article 7 varied

4747-486: The English occupied New Netherland , later renamed New York; when another attack captured WIC slave trade posts in modern Ghana , the Dutch sent a fleet to recapture them. The result was to bankrupt the RAC, whose investors saw war as the best way to recoup their losses. Despite the Franco-Dutch treaty of April 1662, Louis XIV initially remained neutral, as French and Dutch economic interests increasingly diverged over

4848-509: The English words is of Dutch origin. Examples include the article "the" ( de in Dutch), the words "book" ( boek ), "house" ( huis ), "pen" ( pen ), and, "street" ( straat ), among others. There are also some words in American English that are of Dutch origin, like "cookie" ( koekje ) and "boss" ( baas ). And in some American family names a couple of Dutch characteristics still remain. Like (a)

4949-489: The Indos that settled in the United States via the legislative refugee measures number at least 25,000 people. The original post-war refugee legislation of 1948, already adhering to a strict "affidavit of support" policy, was still maintaining a color bar making it difficult for Indos to emigrate to the United States. By 1951 American consulates in the Netherlands registered 33,500 requests and had waiting times of 3 to 5 years. Also

5050-829: The Japanese occupation." Official U.S. Army publication for the benefit of G.I. 's, 1944. These Dutch Indos mainly entered the United States under legislative refugee measures and were sponsored by Christian organizations such as the Church World Service and the Catholic Relief Services . An accurate count of Indo immigrants is not available, as the U.S. Census classified people according to their self-determined ethnic affiliation. The Indos could have therefore been included in overlapping categories of "country of origin", "other Asians," "total foreign", "mixed parentage", "total foreign-born" and "foreign mother tongue". However

5151-606: The June 1667 Medway Raid ; although the action itself had limited strategic impact, it was a humiliation Charles never forgot. Holles and Coventry initially assumed this would extend negotiations, but the need to create an alliance against France meant Spain threatened to withhold implementation of the Madrid treaty, supported by Leopold. Combined with economic losses caused by the war and the Great Fire of London , Clarendon instructed Holles to agree terms "to calm people's minds" and "free

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5252-434: The Native American risk. The major Dutch cities were centers of high culture, but they still sent immigrants. Most new arrivals were farmers from remote villages who, on arrival, in America scattered into widely separated villages with little contact with one another. Even inside a settlement, different Dutch groups had minimal interaction. With very few new arrivals, the result was an increasingly traditional system cut off from

5353-409: The Pella Tulip Time in Pella, Iowa ; Tulip Festival in Orange City, Iowa and Albany, New York; Dutch Days in Fulton, Illinois; Let's Go Dutch Days in Baldwin, Wisconsin; Holland Days in Lynden, Washington; Holland Happening in Oak Harbor, Washington; Holland Fest in Cedar Grove, Wisconsin , and the Wooden Shoe Tulip Fest in Woodburn, Oregon. Often Dutch heritage festivals coincide with the blooming of

5454-400: The Spanish Netherlands and Franche-Comté . To focus on this, Spain needed to end the long-running Portuguese Restoration War . On 27 May, the Anglo-Spanish Treaty of Madrid formally concluded the 1654 to 1660 war and in return for commercial concessions, England agreed to mediate with Portugal. The threat to the Dutch economy presented by French expansion made ending the Anglo-Dutch War

5555-415: The States of Holland responded on 5 August with the Perpetual Edict . This abolished the position of Stadholder of Holland, while a second resolution agreed to oppose that any confederate Captain-General or Admiral-General would become stadtholder of another province. Since the army was viewed as an Orangist power base, spending on it was deliberately minimised; this had catastrophic effects in 1672. Breda

5656-499: The Swedes hoped to remove commercial concessions imposed by the Republic in the 1656 Treaty of Elbing and end its alliance with Denmark. Göran Fleming was based at Breda, with Peter Coyet in The Hague; after Coyet died on 8 June, he was replaced by Count Dohna , who was instructed to negotiate a Swedish-English-French alliance if talks at Breda failed. The States General appointed eight delegates but only those from Holland , Zeeland and Friesland were actually present. Two of

5757-480: The United States , it was a risky and courageous act. Indeed, angered by Dutch trading and contraband with the rebellious colonies, the British seized the island a few years later. The Dutch recaptured the island in 1784. April 19 is Dutch-American Friendship Day, which remembers the day in 1782 when John Adams , later to become the second president of the United States , was received by the States General in The Hague and recognized as Minister Plenipotentiary of

5858-476: The United States after World War  II arrived from Indonesia via the Netherlands. After Indonesia, formerly known as the Dutch East Indies , gained independence its Indo-European (Eurasian) population known as Indies Dutchmen (Dutch: Indische Nederlanders) repatriated to the Netherlands. Around 60,000 continued their diaspora to the United States. This particular group is also known as Dutch-Indonesians , Indonesian-Dutch , or Amerindos . "Nine tenths of

5959-418: The United States include the Christian Reformed Church , the Protestant Reformed Churches , the United Reformed Churches , the Netherlands Reformed Congregations , the Heritage Netherlands Reformed Congregations and the Free Reformed Churches . Along with the Reformed churches, Roman Catholicism is the other major religion of Dutch Americans. Beginning in 1848, a significant number of Roman Catholics from

6060-432: The United States of America. It was also the day that the house he had purchased at Fluwelen Burgwal 18 in The Hague was to become the first American Embassy in the world. Many of the Dutch heritage festivals that take place around the United States coincide with the blooming of tulips in a particular region. The Tulip Time Festival in Holland, Michigan is the largest such festival with other notable gatherings such as

6161-489: The United States was common. New York City for example has many originally Dutch street and place names, which date back to the time it was the Dutch colony of New Netherland . Several landmarks like Conyne Eylandt (Modern Dutch: Konijn eiland , meaning Rabbit Island) became more suitable to Anglophones ( Coney Island ). Additionally, Brooklyn ( Breukelen ), Harlem ( Haarlem ), Wall Street ( walstraat ) and Broadway ( brede weg ) are adapted after Dutch names or words. And up

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6262-404: The anti-Western rhetoric and policies of the Sukarno administration the anti-communist senator Francis E. Walter pleaded for a second term of the Refugee Relief Act in 1957 and an additional slot of 15,000 visas in 1958. In 1958, the Pastore–Walter Immigration Act for the relief of certain distressed aliens was passed allowing for a one-off acceptance of 10,000 Dutchmen from Indonesia (excluding

6363-423: The area—mainly in De Pere by Catholic clergymen—were published up until World War I. The only remaining publication that is written exclusively in Dutch is Maandblad de Krant , which is published monthly in Penticton , British Columbia , Canada , and mailed to subscribers throughout the United States from Oroville, Washington . As of 1990, November 16 is "Dutch-American Heritage Day". On November 16, 1776,

6464-436: The base language . Two examples, Jersey Dutch and Mohawk Dutch , are now extinct. This is possibly due to the ease of transition from Dutch to English, stemming from a shared linguistic genealogy. Little Chute , Wisconsin , remained a Dutch-speaking community—known locally as "speaking Hollander"—into the twentieth century. As late as 1898, church sermons and event announcements were in Dutch. Dutch newspapers continued in

6565-455: The colonial era and whose name is a derivation of the Pennsylvania Dutch endonym Deitsch , which means "Pennsylvania Dutch" or "German". Ultimately, the terms Deitsch, Dutch , Diets and Deutsch are all descendants of the Proto-Germanic word *þiudiskaz , meaning "popular" or "of the people"; while all Germanic cognates of the term refer to some Germanic people, they more commonly refer to Germans than Netherlanders. In 1602,

6666-408: The date on which they would be enforced: 5 September for the English Channel and the North Sea , 5 October for the other European seas, 2 November for the African coast north of the Equator and 24 April 1668 for the rest of the world. Article 10 required all prisoners to be exchanged without ransom although the Dutch later demanded reimbursement of their living expenses, which the English viewed as

6767-491: The early twentieth century, Little Chute was the largest Catholic Dutch community in the United States. In the Chicago suburbs , there are sizable Dutch communities in and around Elmhurst , Wheaton , Palos Heights , South Holland , Lansing , Dyer , and other surrounding communities, anchored by Reformed churches and Christian schools. In California, the San Joaquin Delta had a major Dutch (incl. Frisian ) and Belgian influence, as settlers from those countries arrived in

6868-498: The film. The Roches provided several songs for the soundtrack. One of the songs that was featured in the film, Nocturne , is also featured on the group's 1989 album Speak . An earlier arrangement of their cover of " Come Softly to Me " is featured on their album Another World . The film received positive reviews. It currently holds an 80% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 82 reviews. One retrospective review from 2018 called Crossing Delancey "the ultimate Jewish rom-com" and

6969-485: The forces for change. The people maintained their popular culture, revolving around their language and their Calvinist religion. The Dutch brought along their own folklore, most famously Sinterklaas (the foundation of the modern-day Santa Claus ), and created their own as in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow . They maintained their distinctive clothing, and food preferences and introduced some new foods to America, including beets, endive, spinach, parsley, and cookies. After

7070-437: The king from a burden...he is finding hard to bear". Article 1 of the treaty stipulated a limited military alliance, obliging fleets or single ships sailing on the same course to defend each other against a third party. Article 3 established the principle of uti possidetis , or "what you have, you hold", with an effective date of 20 May. The Dutch kept Surinam , now part of modern Suriname , Fort Cormantin and Run while

7171-533: The largest ethnic group. In 2020, most self-reported Dutch Americans live in Michigan , followed by California and New York . While the highest concentration of Dutch Americans are found in South Dakota , Michigan, Iowa , and Wisconsin . According to 2021 US Census data, 3,083,041 Americans self-reported to be of (partial) Dutch ancestry, while 884,857 Americans claimed full Dutch heritage. 2,969,407 Dutch Americans were native born in 2021, while 113,634 Dutch Americans were foreign-born, of which 61.5%

7272-438: The life she wants. Instead, she sets her sights on Anton and the New York City intelligentsia , but she also feels guilty for how rude she was to Sam. She tries to make it up to him by setting him up with her girlfriend Marilyn. In the process, though, she learns that Sam kept turning down the matchmaker because he was waiting for her to bring a photo of Isabelle; Sam has quietly had a crush on Isabelle from afar for many years. She

7373-666: The majority of the Dutch Americans live in Michigan , California , Montana , Minnesota , Illinois , Wyoming , Colorado, North Dakota , South Dakota , Nebraska , Kansas , Missouri , Indiana , New York, New Jersey, Wisconsin , Idaho , Utah , Iowa , Ohio , West Virginia , and Pennsylvania . Not included among Dutch Americans are the Pennsylvania Dutch , a group of mainly German Americans who settled in Pennsylvania in

7474-502: The narcissistic Anton wants an assistant he can sleep with, not a real wife or girlfriend. A disgusted Isabelle rejects him and races to her grandmother's apartment, finding it empty with Ida sleeping on the couch. Heartbroken, she believes she has ruined her chances with the honest and caring Sam. As she cries, Sam enters from the balcony. The two finally are united and Ida, waking and having feigned senile dementia to keep Sam from leaving, laughs gleefully that her plan has succeeded. This

7575-475: The origins of the colonial stock population as basis for computing National Origins Formula immigration quotas in the 1920s; for this task scholars estimated the proportion of names in each state determined to be of Dutch derivation. The final report estimated about 3.1% of the U.S. population in 1790 was of Dutch origin, heavily concentrated in the Middle Colonies of historic New Netherland which became

7676-615: The prefix "van" (as in Martin Van Buren ), (b) the prefix "de"(/"der"/"des"/"den") (as in Jared DeVries ), (c) a combination of the two "van de ..." (as in Robert J. Van de Graaff ), or (d) "ter"/"te"("ten") or "ver", which mean respectively (a) "of" (possessive or locative), (b) "the" (definite article), (c) "of the..." and (d) "at the" ("of the"/"in the") (locative). Contact between other languages also created various creoles with Dutch as

7777-522: The regular annual quota of 3,136 visas). It was hoped however that only 10% of these Dutch refugees would in fact be racially mixed Indos and the American embassy in The Hague was frustrated with the fact that Canada, where ethnic profiling was even stricter, was getting the full-blooded Dutch and the United States was getting Dutch "all rather heavily dark". Still in 1960 senators Pastore and Walter managed to get

7878-581: The return of Run and a trade deal on India. The States-General refused to attend peace talks without France; on territorial claims, they offered to continue the present situation, or revert to the position before the war , an option clearly unacceptable to the English. It is questionable how sincere this offer from Charles actually was, since his envoy in Paris, the Earl of St Albans , was simultaneously holding secret talks on an Anglo-French alliance. Louis agreed to ensure

7979-721: The river in New York State Piermont , Orangeburg , Blauvelt and Haverstraw , just to name a few places. In the Hudson Valley region there are many places and waterways whose names incorporate the word -kill , Dutch for "stream" or "riverbed", including the Catskill Mountains, Peekskill, and the Kill van Kull. Also, the American state of Rhode Island is a surviving example of Dutch influence in Colonial America. In 1614,

8080-470: The same thing. After their failed 1666 coup, many Orangists sought refuge in England, with English and Scots dissidents going the other way. In Articles 13 and 17, both sides undertook not to protect each other's rebels; in a secret annex, the Dutch undertook to extradite regicides who voted for the Execution of Charles I in 1649, although in practice these provisions were ignored. A separate treaty amended

8181-510: The settlement was abandoned. Dutch trade in the New York area led to the establishment of trade posts as early as 1613. Permanent settlers arrived in 1617 at what is now Albany, New York . New Amsterdam was settled in 1625. In 1629, Dutch officials tried to expand the northern colony through a plan that promised "Liberties and Exemptions" to anyone who would ship fifty colonists to America at his own expense. Anyone who did so would be allowed to buy

8282-480: The so called Europeans (in the Dutch East Indies) are the offspring of whites married to native women. These mixed people are called Indo-Europeans ... They have formed the backbone of officialdom. In general they feel the same loyalty to Holland as do the white Netherlanders. They have full rights as Dutch citizens and they are Christians and follow Dutch customs. This group has suffered more than any other during

8383-449: The three were Orangists, Zeelandic Pensionary Pieter de Huybert and Friesland's van Jongestall ; the delegate from Holland, Van Beverningh , was a member of De Witt's States Party . The English lead negotiators were Denzil Holles , Ambassador to France , and Henry Coventry , Ambassador to Sweden . On 24 May, Louis launched the War of Devolution , French troops quickly occupying much of

8484-591: The traditional arrival of Sinterklaas ; the cultural ancestor of the American Santa Claus." There is an annual Sinterklass festival held in Rhinebeck and Kingston, New York where Sinterklaas crosses the Hudson River and a parade is held in recognition of the Greater New York Area 's Dutch cultural heritage. Lately, many of the larger cities in the U.S. have a King's Day ( Koningsdag ) festival that

8585-502: The treaties were signed on 31 July, they were sent to each country for ratification, a process which was completed by 24 August and followed by public celebrations in Breda. By exchanging New Netherland and Run, Breda removed two major areas of dispute, reducing Anglo-Dutch tensions overall and clearing the way for the 1668 Triple Alliance between the Republic, Sweden and England. The Alliance

8686-619: The treaty marked the beginning of an alliance between the English and the Dutch that would last for a century. The Second Anglo-Dutch War was caused by commercial tensions, heightened by Charles II , who saw trade as a way to reduce his financial dependence on Parliament . In 1660, he and his brother James founded the Royal African Company (RAC), challenging the Dutch in West Africa. Investors included senior politicians such as George Carteret , Shaftesbury and Arlington , creating

8787-661: The tulip. See Tulip Festival for additional explanations of some of these festivals. A Dutch Festival is also held at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York; and a Holland Festival in Long Beach, California. A traditional Dutch Kermis Festival is celebrated in October in Little Chute, WI. During late November and early December, a Dutch Winterfest is held in Holland, MI, to coincide with

8888-615: The world's movie theaters . Cowboy artist Earl W. Bascom , a sculptor known as the "cowboy of cowboy artists", is a descendant of the Van Riper family who was early settlers of New York. In business, the Vanderbilt family was once among the richest families in the United States. Treaty of Breda (1667) The Peace of Breda , or Treaty of Breda was signed in the Dutch city of Breda , on 31 July 1667. It consisted of three separate treaties between England and each of its opponents in

8989-416: The wrong approach as they offered great privileges to wealthy, not poor, citizens. It was not until 1656 that the Dutch state abandoned its passivity and decided to actively support New Netherland . The Dutch state issued a proclamation, which stated that "all mechanics and farmers who can prove their ability to earn a living here shall receive free passage for themselves, their wives and children". Although

9090-462: Was Rip Van Winkle , characterized by being absurdly old-fashioned and out of date, which aimed to instill the establishment of an American culture distinct from British culture. Most farmers focused on providing subsistence for their families; about a third were chiefly oriented to market prices. Dutch Quakers came to the Philadelphia area in response to the appeal of William Penn . Penn, himself

9191-467: Was Yiddish theatre star Reizl Bozyk’s only film role. Crossing Delancey (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to the motion picture Crossing Delancey, released October 17, 1988. Instrumental tracks were by Paul Chihara , and songs were performed by (and in some cases written by members of) The Roches . Suzzy Roche of the Roches played Marilyn, a friend of Isabelle (Irving), in

9292-539: Was able to converse in Dutch with the wives of Alexander Hamilton and General George Clinton . In 1847, immigrants from the Netherlands were welcomed in Dutch by the Reverend Isaac Wyckoff upon their arrival in New York. Wyckoff himself was a descendant of one of the first settlers in Rensselaerswyck , who had learned to speak English at school. In the first half of the twentieth century, the Dutch language

9393-585: Was against him. Support for re-asserting English naval power provided limited backing in the Third Anglo-Dutch War but ended once that had been achieved. The treaty disappointed Orangists by failing to restore the House of Orange or allow exiles home, as promised by Charles. When Zeeland and Friesland, in response to the French advance, proposed William be made Captain-General of the Dutch States Army ,

9494-613: Was also a success for Sweden, who used their position as mediators to improve the Elbing provisions, break the Dutch-Danish agreement and join the Triple Alliance. The Spanish regained Franche-Comté and most of the Spanish Netherlands; more significantly, the Dutch now viewed them as a better neighbour than an ambitious France. Overall, the Dutch considered Breda and the creation of the Alliance

9595-470: Was born in Europe and 62,9% entered the United States before 2000. According to the 2000 US Census , more than 5 million Americans claimed total or partial Dutch heritage. They were particularly concentrated around Grand Rapids, Michigan ; Rock Rapids, Iowa ; Sioux City, Iowa ; Des Moines, Iowa ; Fulton, Illinois , Celeryville, Ohio , and Little Chute, Wisconsin . These areas are surrounded with towns and villages that were founded by Dutch settlers in

9696-606: Was christened as Roodt Eylandt ( Rood Eiland in modern Dutch ), meaning "Red Island", referring to the red clay found on the island. Dutch and English are both part of the West Germanic language group and share several aspects, due to the fact that the birthplaces of both languages (Netherlands and the United Kingdom) are only separated by the North Sea . Similarities between Dutch and English are abundant, as an estimated 1% of

9797-497: Was enormously expensive and financing it a challenge even for the Amsterdam markets. Both sides wanted peace, since the Dutch had little to gain from continuing the war and faced external challenges from competitors. Denmark resented concessions imposed at Christianopel in 1647, while the WIC's confiscation of Danish ships was an ongoing source of dispute; in early 1667, they joined Sweden and France in imposing tariffs on Dutch goods, impacting

9898-625: Was equal to 0.0486% of the total population of the United States. In 2021, 95.3% of the total Dutch American population of 5 years and over only spoke English at home. Prominent (partial) Dutch American political figures include Presidents Martin Van Buren , Warren G. Harding , and Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt and U.S. Senators Philip Schuyler , Nicholas Van Dyke , Hamilton Fish , John C. Ten Eyck , Daniel W. Voorhees , Arthur Vandenberg , Peter G. Van Winkle , Alan Simpson , Fred Thompson , John Hoeven , and Christopher Van Hollen . Two of

9999-419: Was hardly spoken in North America, with the exception of first generation Dutch immigrants. The marks of the Dutch heritage — in language, in reference to historical Dutch people (for example Stuyvesant ) and in reference to Dutch places — can still be seen. There are about 35 Dutch restaurants and bakeries in the United States, most of them founded in the 20th century. Adaptation of Dutch names for places in

10100-529: Was increased by the June Raid on the Medway . Both factors led to a rapid agreement of terms. Prior to 1667, the Anglo-Dutch relationship had been dominated by commercial conflict, which the treaty did not end entirely. However, tensions decreased markedly and cleared the way for the 1668 Triple Alliance between the Dutch Republic, England and Sweden. With the brief anomaly of the 1672 to 1674 Third Anglo-Dutch War ,

10201-454: Was more profitable. In the hundred years of British rule that followed the change of ownership of New Netherland, Dutch immigration to America came to an almost complete standstill. While the Netherlands was a small country, the Dutch Empire was quite large so emigrants leaving the mother country had a wide variety of choices. New Amsterdam was not high on their list, especially because of

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