Misplaced Pages

#639360

70-604: Council Bluff may refer to: Council Bluffs, Iowa Council Bluffs Municipal Airport Council Bluff, Nebraska , the site of Fort Atkinson Council Bluff Lake and Council Bluff Recreation Area in Missouri Council Bluff, a location in DeKalb County, Alabama A Choctaw council house near Agency, Mississippi See also [ edit ] Council Bluffs & Nebraska Ferry Company Topics referred to by

140-411: A great many hardships and difficulties. Our country was then very large; but it has dwindled away to a small spot, and you wish to purchase that! This has caused us to reflect much upon what you have told us; and we have, therefore, brought all the chiefs and warriors, and the young men and women and children of our tribe, that one part may not do what others object to, and that all may be witnesses of what

210-537: A great tract of land already; but it is not enough! We sold it to you for the benefit of your children, to farm and to live upon. We have now but little left. We shall want it all for ourselves. We know not how long we may live, and we wish to have some lands for our children to hunt upon. You are gradually taking away our hunting-grounds. Your children are driving us before them. We are growing uneasy. What lands you have, you may retain forever; but we shall sell no more. You think, perhaps, that I speak in passion; but my heart

280-496: A mournful and funereal aspect, of all sizes and shapes, some supported by one pole, others having six, and with the covering stretched in all the different styles imaginable, and all scattered here and there in the greatest confusion, and you will have an Indian village. As more Native Americans were pushed into the Council Bluffs area by pressure of European-American settlement to the east, intertribal conflict increased, fueled by

350-657: A new path into California across the Sierra Nevada Mountains . Beginning in 1846 there was a large influx of Latter-day Saints into the area, although in the winter of 1847–1848 most Latter-day Saints crossed to the Nebraska side of the Missouri River. Initially, the area was called "Miller's Hollow", after Henry W. Miller , who would be the first member of the Iowa State Legislature from the area. Miller also

420-473: A prominent community landmark. Old Town Council Bluffs was adjudged by Judge Frank Street in the 1850s to be the area between West Broadway and Glen Avenue and East Broadway and Frank Street from Harmony Street south to Pierce Street. Today the area encompasses Billy Caldwell 's settlement of Potawatomi on Indian Creek during the 1830s and Kanesville established by the Mormons as Miller's Hollow in 1848. Kanesville

490-575: A shopping mall here first appeared in 1972 and construction finally began on the Mall of the Bluffs in 1985. Residential growth east of the railroad tracks towards State Orchard Road and the Council Bluffs Municipal Airport and north to U.S. Route 6 has included developments outside the Council Bluffs city limits. Huntington Avenue consists of early 20th century Craftsman homes which wind along

560-424: Is a good point at which to "take (a) stranger in," and it is done almost every day. Our stay at Council Bluffs was very short (two days) and I think no one was sorry to leave it. Council Bluffs (rather than Omaha) was designated by President Abraham Lincoln as the official starting point of the transcontinental railroad , which was completed in 1869. The official "Mile 0" start is at 21st Street and 9th Avenue which

630-573: Is a part, is the 58th largest in the United States, with an estimated population of 983,969 (2023). It is located on the east bank of the Missouri River , across from Omaha, Nebraska . Until about 1853 Council Bluffs was known as Kanesville . Kanesville was the historic starting point of the Mormon Trail . Kanesville is also the northernmost anchor town of the other emigrant trails because there

700-420: Is a small piece of land, and if we give it away, what will become of us? The Great Spirit, who has provided it for our use, allows us to keep it, to bring up our young men and support our families. We should incur his anger, if we bartered it away. If we had more land, you should get more; but our land has been wasting away ever since the white people became our neighbors, and we have now hardly enough left to cover

770-466: Is a uniform custom of all the Native Americans. When the council was again convened, Metea continued.] We meet you here to-day, because we had promised it, to tell you our minds, and what we have agreed upon among ourselves. You will listen to us with a good mind, and believe what we say. You know that we first came to this country, a long time ago, and when we sat ourselves down upon it, we met with

SECTION 10

#1732845180640

840-492: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Council Bluffs, Iowa Council Bluffs is a city in and the county seat of Pottawattamie County , Iowa , United States. The population was 62,799 at the 2020 census , making it the state's tenth most populous city , and the most populous city in Southwest Iowa. The Omaha metropolitan region of which Council Bluffs

910-858: Is going forward. You know your children. Since you first came among them, they have listened to your words with an attentive ear, and have always hearkened to your counsels. Whenever you have had a proposal to make to us, whenever you have had a favor to ask of us, we have always lent a favorable ear, and our invariable answer has been 'yes.' This you know! A long time has passed since we first came upon our lands, and our old people have all sunk into their graves. They had sense. We are all young and foolish, and do not wish to do anything that they would not approve, were they living. We are fearful we shall offend their spirits, if we sell our lands; and we are fearful we shall offend you, if we do not sell them. This has caused us great perplexity of thought, because we have counselled among ourselves, and do not know how we can part with

980-464: Is good towards you. I speak like one of your own children. I am an Indian, a red-skin, and live by hunting and fishing, but my country is already too small; and I do not know how to bring up my children, if I give it all away. We sold you a fine tract of land at St. Mary's. We said to you then, it was enough to satisfy your children, and the last we should sell: and we thought it would be the last you would ask for. We have now told you what we had to say. It

1050-503: Is located south of where Interstate 29 splits from Interstate 80, east of South Omaha , Nebraska, west of Indian Creek, and north of the South Omaha Bridge Road ( U.S. Route 275 and Iowa Highway 92 ). This neighborhood developed mostly during the 1960s for workers in nearby Omaha factories and at Offutt Air Force Base . The Interstate 80 Exit at 1-B at South 24th Street includes two large truck stops along with several motels,

1120-675: Is now marked by a gold spike that was used for the promotion of the movie Union Pacific Council Bluffs physical connection to the Transcontinental Railroad was delayed until 1872 when the Union Pacific Missouri River Bridge opened (railroad cars had to be ferried across the Missouri River from Council Bluffs to Omaha in the early days of the Transcontinental). The Chicago and North Western Transportation Company arrived in 1867. Other railroads operating in

1190-544: Is the area of Council Bluffs adjacent to Exit 5 of Interstate 80 along Madison and Bennett avenues, Valley View Drive, and the area between Iowa Highway 92 north to McPherson Avenue. Mosquito Creek flows through this area which was originally notable for the Potawatomi gristmill and now includes the usual roadside gas stations, fast food restaurants, motels, and the tracks of the Iowa Interstate Railroad . Plans for

1260-475: Is the portion of Council Bluffs from the combined Interstate 80 and Interstate 29 south to the city limits between Mosquito and Indian Creeks. The area was developed as a trolley park by the Omaha and Council Bluffs Streetcar Company after the former channel of the Missouri River was "cut-off" during an 1881 flood to become modern Lake Manawa State Park. Later development followed the establishment of U.S. Route 275 and

1330-429: Is what was determined on, in a council among ourselves; and what I have spoken, is the voice of my nation. On this account, all our people have come here to listen to me; but do not think we have a bad opinion of you. Where should we get a bad opinion of you? We speak to you with a good heart, and the feelings of a friend. You are acquainted with this piece of land—the country we live in. Shall we give it up? Take notice, it

1400-619: The Chicago and North Western Transportation Company Railroad passenger depot at 11th Street. The downtown area developed as the economic rival of Old Town after the 1853 opening of the Pacific House Hotel by Samuel S. Bayliss and until the 1867 completion of the Chicago and Northwestern. In 1899, the Illinois Central passenger depot opened at 12th St. and West Broadway. Downtown declined as

1470-553: The Clean Water Act , because the plant's contaminated stormwater commingled with treated process wastewater and was pumped out to the storm sewer, which discharged into the Missouri River. Council Bluffs is the primary city of the Omaha-Council Bluffs Metropolitan Area . As of the 2020 census , there were 62,799 people, 25,271 households, and 15,302 families residing in the city. The population density

SECTION 20

#1732845180640

1540-784: The Interstate 480 bridge to downtown Omaha. Iowa Highway 192 follows North 16th St. from West Broadway to Interstate 29 . Neighborhood landmarks include the 1890s Illinois Central Railroad Missouri River bridge, Stan Bahnsen Park, the Golden Spike monument, the Narrows River Park, Big Lake Park, the site of Dodge Park Playland , the Dodge Christian Church (built with the N.P. Dodge Memorial funds and now known as Citylight West Council Bluffs), and many examples of late 19th and early 20th century residential architecture. The West End

1610-652: The Lewis and Clark Expedition with the members of the Otoe and Missouria Native American tribes. The town continued as a major outfitting point on the Missouri River for the Emigrant Trail and Pike's Peak Gold Rush , and entertained a lively steamboat trade. In 1863 an anonymous soldier on his way to fight the Dakota Uprising passed through Council Bluffs describing it as a hardscrabble town: At Council Bluffs our arrival

1680-524: The Loess Hills with extensive wetlands and deciduous forest along the Missouri River . Excellent vistas can be had from KOIL Point at Fairmont Park, the Lincoln Monument, Kirn Park, and the Lewis and Clark Monument. Lake Manawa State Park is located at the southern edge of the city. Downtown Council Bluffs historically was the area along West Broadway and adjacent streets from Old Town west to

1750-664: The Mormon Exodus to Utah ; it is the recognized head end of the Mormon Trail . Edwin Carter , who would become a noted naturalist in Colorado , worked here from 1848 to 1859 in a dry goods store. He helped supply Mormon wagon trains. Settlers who departed west from Kanesville into the sparsely settled, unorganized parts of the Territory of Missouri traveled to the Oregon Country and

1820-585: The RailsWest Railroad Museum . Oakland-Fairview developed during the 1890s and features a wealth of 19th-century architecture, including the Judge Finley Burke mansion at 510 Oakland built in 1893 out of Minnesota granite . The neighborhood is also home to the Lincoln Monument. Located at the western end of Lafayette Avenue, the monument was erected in 1911 by the local chapter of the Daughters of

1890-423: The 1940s Meyer Lansky operated a greyhound racing track in Council Bluffs. Restructuring of the railroad industry caused the loss of many jobs after the mid-20th century, as did the restructuring of heavy industry. Many jobs moved offshore. By the late 20th century the city and region were suffering economic stagnation and a declining population, as they struggled to develop a new economy. Downtown urban renewal

1960-529: The 1968 First Federal Building. The 1947 State Savings Bank Building at 509 West Broadway and the seven-story 1924 Bennett Building at 405 West Broadway are both listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The 100 Block of West Broadway is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the 1892 Broadway United Methodist Church at West Broadway and 1st St. remains

2030-583: The American Revolution that, according to folklore , commemorates the spot where Abraham Lincoln decided on the location of the transcontinental railroad in 1859. The monument offers expansive views across the West End in the Missouri River Valley to Omaha , Nebraska. Nearby is the entrance to Fairview Cemetery, situated on the north side of Lafayette Avenue, which predates the establishment of

2100-596: The Bluff Indians. U.S. Army Dragoons built a small fort nearby. In 1838–39, the missionary Pierre-Jean De Smet founded St. Joseph's Mission to minister to the Potawatomi. De Smet was appalled by the violence and brutality caused by the whiskey trade, and tried to protect the tribe from unscrupulous traders. However, he had little success in persuading tribal members to convert to Christianity and resorted to secret baptisms of Indian children. During this time, De Smet contributed to Joseph Nicollet 's work in mapping

2170-622: The Broadway Viaduct, and north of 9th Ave. and the Union Pacific Transfer railyards. These neighborhoods of long, tree-shaded avenues are divided by the commercial corridor of West Broadway (U.S. Route 6), once part of the Lincoln Highway . This stretch of West Broadway has traditionally had several drive-in fast food restaurants and automobile dealerships with several grain elevators adjacent along 1st Avenue. West Broadway ends at

Council Bluff - Misplaced Pages Continue

2240-472: The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. In the early 20th century much of the area was dubbed "Dane Town" or "Little Copenhagen" for the large number of Danish immigrants with several Croatian and Mexican families closer to the Union Pacific railyards at "Little Vienna". Neighborhood landmarks include Peterson Park, Longfellow School, and the 1899 Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific passenger depot, now

2310-757: The Council Bluffs Police" noted the "places of vice and corruption on Pierce" and Stella Long's above the Ogden House along with the "terrible den at the corner of Market and Vine" and Belle Clover's bagnio at 8th St. and West Broadway. In 2010, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources found that air in central Council Bluffs measured above the national air quality standard for lead, most likely due to lead emissions in this area by Griffin Pipe Products Company. In 2011, EPA found numerous violations of

2380-587: The Missouri River in Indian territory between Leavenworth, Kansas and St. Joseph, Missouri . When the area was bought from Ioway, Sac and Fox tribes in the Platte Purchase and part of Missouri in 1837, Sauganash and the Pottawatomi were forced to move to their assigned reservation in Council Bluffs. Sauganash's English name was Billy Caldwell, and his village was called Caldwell's Camp. The tribe were sometimes called

2450-576: The Native Americans was a tract of land, an easement between Detroit and Chicago (through Indiana and Illinois ), around the southern coast of Lake Michigan , and specific Native Americans were also granted property rights to defined parcels. Potawatomi Chief Metea gave the following speech in defense of his land at the signing of the Treaty of Chicago: My Father,—We have listened to what you have said. We shall now retire to our camps and consult upon it. You will hear nothing more from us at present. [This

2520-541: The Western Historic Trails Center, the Bluffs Acres manufactured home development, and The Marketplace shopping area. The Willows on the South Omaha Bridge Road is an example of mid-20th century roadside motel architecture and Bart's Motel further east at South 24th St featured prominent neon signage, was used as a location in the motion picture The Indian Runner , and has since been demolished. Manawa

2590-561: The area were the Pottawatomi, who were led by their chief Sauganash ("one who speaks English"), the son of the British loyalist William Caldwell , who founded Canadian communities on the south side of the Detroit River , and a Pottawatomi woman. Seeking to avoid confrontation with the Sioux , who were natives of the Council Bluffs area, the 1,000 to 2,000 Pottawattamie initially had settled east of

2660-595: The average family size was 3.03. Treaty of Chicago In 1795, in a then minor part of the Treaty of Greenville , a Native American confederation granted treaty rights to the United States in a six-mile parcel of land at the mouth of the Chicago River . This was followed by the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis , which ceded additional land in the Chicago area, including the Chicago Portage . The first treaty of Chicago

2730-634: The bones of our tribe. You are in the midst of your red children. What is due to us in money, we wish, and will receive at this place; and we want nothing more. We all shake hands with you. Behold our warriors, our women, and children. Take pity on us and on our words. The second Treaty of Chicago granted the United States government all land west of Lake Michigan to Lake Winnebago in modern-day Wisconsin . It included lands that are part of modern-day Illinois , as well. The 1833 treaty had Native Americans (Chippewa, Odawa, and Potowatomi) in return receive promises of various cash payments and tracts of land west of

2800-410: The city were the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad , Chicago Great Western Railway , Wabash Railroad , Illinois Central Railroad , and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad as well as the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad . In 1926, the portion of Council Bluffs west of the Missouri River seceded to form Carter Lake, Iowa . Carter Lake had been cut off by a change in

2870-519: The city's primary retail center after the 1955 completion of the Broadway Viaduct, 1970s urban renewal, and the 1984 opening of the Kanesville Boulevard U.S. Route 6 bypass. Remaining buildings of note include the 1959 Council Bluffs Post Office and Federal Building at 6th Street, the 1986 "Red" Nelson Building, the 501 Main Building, the substantially altered 1909 City National Bank Building, and

Council Bluff - Misplaced Pages Continue

2940-405: The city. The population density was 1,518.8 inhabitants per square mile (586.4/km ). There were 26,594 housing units at an average density of 649.1 inhabitants per square mile (250.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 90.9% White , 1.9% African American , 0.6% Native American , 0.7% Asian , 3.6% from other races , and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.5% of

3010-433: The city. The population density was 1,558.7 inhabitants per square mile (601.8/km ). There were 24,340 housing units at an average density of 651.1 inhabitants per square mile (251.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 94.76% White, 1.05% Black or African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.81% from other races, and 1.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.45% of

3080-466: The completion of Interstate 80 with additional growth during the 1990s. A variety of fast food restaurants, motels, big-box stores , automobile dealerships, a large truck stop and other businesses are located between Interstate 80 and Interstate 29 south to the state park. The Lake Manawa Inn hosts early examples of roadside cabin architecture. In February and March, bald eagles and red-tailed hawks can frequently be seen at Lake Manawa, particularly along

3150-489: The course of the Missouri River. By the 1930s, Council Bluffs had grown into the country's fifth largest rail center. The railroads helped the city become a center for grain storage, and massive grain elevators continue to mark the city's skyline. Other industries in the city included Blue Star Foods, Dwarfies Cereal, Frito-Lay , Georgie Porgie Cereal, Giant Manufacturing, Kimball Elevators, Mona Motor Oil, Monarch, Reliance Batteries, Woodward's Candy, and World Radio . During

3220-481: The illegal whiskey trade. The US Army built Fort Croghan in 1842, to keep order and try to control liquor traffic on the Missouri River. However the fort was destroyed in a flood later in the same year. By 1846 the Pottawatomi were forced to move again to a new reservation at Osawatomie, Kansas . In 1844, the Stephens-Townsend-Murphy Party crossed the Missouri River here, on their way to blaze

3290-510: The land. Our country was given to us by the Great Spirit , who gave it to us to hunt upon, to make our cornfields upon, to live upon, and to make down our beds upon when we die. And he would never forgive us, should we bargain it away. When you first spoke to us for lands at St. Mary's, we said we had a little, and agreed to sell you a piece of it; but we told you we could spare no more. Now you ask us again. You are never satisfied! We have sold you

3360-450: The mock auctioneer, the jeweler with his pinchback jewelry of all kinds; horse and mule jockeys, gamblers, thieves, assassin—and the mischief knows what not, rather than what is—all congregated in this little 7×9 city, stuck in a great ravine, 3 miles from the Missouri River. When you understand that this is the great entrepot for emigration across the Plains, you will readily comprehend that this

3430-409: The newly conquered California Territory . They traversed the (eventual) Nebraska Territory traveling in wagon trains along the much-storied Oregon , Mormon , or California Trails into the newly expanded United States western lands. After the first large organized wagon trains left Missouri in 1841, the annual migration waves began in earnest by the spring of 1843. They built up thereafter, with

3500-515: The nineteenth century. The Mormon Battalion began its march from Kanesville to California during the Mexican–American War . The area was where plural marriage first began to be openly practiced. Orson Hyde began to publish The Frontier Guardian newspaper, and Brigham Young was named as the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS church). The community

3570-529: The opening of the Mormon Trail (1846) and peaked in the later 1860s, when news of the progress of railroads had a braking effect on the number of travelers. By the 1860s, virtually all migration wagon trains passed near the town now named Council Bluffs. The wagon train trails became less important with the advent of the first complete transcontinental railway in 1869, but while trail use diminished after that, their use continued on at lesser rates until late in

SECTION 50

#1732845180640

3640-408: The population. There were 22,889 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and

3710-443: The population. There were 24,793 households, of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.4% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

3780-526: The present city and includes the Kinsman Monument and the burial place of many early settlers, including Amelia Bloomer . At the east end of Lafayette Avenue where it intersects with North Second Street stands the Ruth Anne Dodge Memorial, the "Black Angel" designed by Daniel Chester French , although the wife of Grenville Dodge is actually buried elsewhere in Council Bluffs. Madison Avenue

3850-461: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Council Bluff . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_Bluff&oldid=962854244 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

3920-559: The southwest shore. The South End is bordered by 12th Avenue on the north, South 16th St. and the Union Pacific Transfer railyards on the west, Interstate 80 and Interstate 29 on the south, and the South Expressway (Iowa Highway 192) on the east. This neighborhood developed during the late 19th century with the railroads, especially the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway , and

3990-554: The top of the Loess Hills past the 1925 studio of radio station KOIL ; the station is now apartments. The historic "Council Bluffs' Red-light district " was formed during the late 19th century, when at least 10 separate brothels were located on Pierce Street east of Park Avenue with another three brothels down the block on the south side of West Broadway east of Park. One 1890 newspaper article referenced in Lt. RL Miller's "Selected History of

4060-516: The upper midwest. De Smet produced the first European-recorded, detailed map of the Council Bluffs area; it detailed the Missouri River valley system, from below the Platte River to the Big Sioux River . De Smet wrote an early description of the Potawatomi settlement: Imagine a great number of cabins and tents, made of the bark of trees, buffalo skins, coarse cloth, rushes and sods , all of

4130-454: Was 1,461.7 inhabitants per square mile (564.4/km ). There were 27,100 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 83.7% White , 2.7% African American , 0.9% Native American , 1.0% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 4.7% from some other races and 6.9% from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.4% of the population. As of the 2010 census , there were 62,230 people, 24,793 households, and 15,528 families residing in

4200-438: Was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.01. The median age in the city was 35.9 years. 24.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.6% were from 45 to 64; and 13.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 58,268 people, 22,889 households, and 15,083 families residing in

4270-404: Was a steam-powered boat which ferried the settlers' wagons and cattle across the Missouri River . In 1869, the first transcontinental railroad to California was connected to the existing U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs. The first Council Bluff (which is singular) was on the Nebraska side of the river at Fort Atkinson , about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of the city of Council Bluffs. It

SECTION 60

#1732845180640

4340-607: Was followed in the mid-1990s by riverboat casinos operated by Ameristar and Harvey's Casino Hotel (now Harrah's Council Bluffs ). New development in this previously industrial area has included the Mid-America Center , several restaurants and hotels, and other businesses. The appearance of legalized gambling in Council Bluffs became a major issue in neighboring Omaha where Mayor Hal Daub had declared Iowa an "XXX state" in 1995 as horse-racing came to an end at Ak-Sar-Ben . Twin City

4410-503: Was greeted by a few rounds from the old six pounder, while the streets were lined with a curiosity-seeking class of humanity, among which could easily be traced the physiognomy of bipeds of almost every clime—all here to make money. The cute Yankee whittling out wooden hams to sell to Pikes' Peak emigrants, the Chatham Street peddler, with his stock of "oht clo's," ready to swear that he had them manufactured expressly for his western trade;

4480-486: Was named by Lewis and Clark for a bluff where they met the Otoe tribe on August 2, 1804. The Iowa side of the river became an Indian Reservation in the 1830s for members of the Council of Three Fires of Chippewa , Ottawa , and Potawatomi who were forced to leave the Chicago area under the Treaty of Chicago clearing the way for the city of Chicago to incorporate. The largest group of Native Americans who moved to

4550-626: Was signed by Michigan Territorial Governor Lewis Cass and Solomon Sibley for the United States and representatives of the Ottawa , Ojibwe , and Potawatomi (Council of Three Fires) on August 29, 1821, and proclaimed on March 25, 1822. The treaty ceded to the United States all lands in Michigan Territory south of the Grand River , with the exception of several small reservations. Also ceded by

4620-619: Was the foreman for the construction of the Kanesville Tabernacle . By 1848, the town had become known as Kanesville, named for benefactor Thomas L. Kane who had helped negotiate federal permission in Washington, D.C. for the Mormons to use Indian land along the Missouri as their winter encampment of 1846–47. Built next to or at Caldwell's Camp, Kanesville became the main outfitting point for

4690-432: Was the home of Mormon leaders Orson Hyde, George A. Smith , and Ezra T. Benson and was a major outfitting point on the Mormon Trail during the California Gold Rush. The reconstructed Kanesville Tabernacle in the 300 block of East Broadway is operated as a museum by the LDS Church. The West End is a geographically large area on the flood plain east of the Missouri River and downtown Omaha , Nebraska, west of 10th St. and

4760-412: Was transformed by the California Gold Rush , and the majority of Mormons left for Utah by 1852. By 1852, the number of Mormons was declining due to their further westward movement, and the town was renamed Council Bluffs after a cliff called Council Bluff 20 miles to the north on which Fort Atkinson was built in 1820. The bluff itself was named after the so-called Otoe council, an August 1804 meeting of

4830-407: Was undertaken to create a new future while emphasizing the strengths of heritage. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 45.672 square miles (118.29 km ), of which 42.963 square miles (111.27 km ) is land and 2.709 square miles (7.02 km ) is water. Council Bluffs covers a unique topographic region originally composed of prairie and savanna in

4900-411: Was used as a location by film director Alexander Payne in the movies Citizen Ruth and About Schmidt . Casino Row is located on and near the Missouri River south of West Broadway and Interstate 480, west of South 35th St. and Interstate 29, and north of Interstate 80 along 23rd Avenue west of South 24th St. The opening of the Bluffs Run Greyhound Park in 1986, now the Horseshoe Council Bluffs ,

#639360