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86-518: Council Bluffs is a city in and the county seat of Pottawattamie County , Iowa , United States. The population was 62,799 at the 2020 census , making it the state's tenth most populous city , and the most populous city in Southwest Iowa. The Omaha metropolitan region of which Council Bluffs is a part, is the 58th largest in the United States, with an estimated population of 983,969 (2023). It

172-526: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

258-555: A 1,280-acre (5.2 km ) grant there in 1848, including the land on which the Ranger station was located. His residence built on that land is said to have been the first permanent home in Burnet County. The indigenous peoples of the Americas had occupied this region for thousands of years, but did not build or live in permanent homes, theirs being a migratory culture. In the late 1840s,

344-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

430-646: A county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of

516-495: A mournful and funereal aspect, of all sizes and shapes, some supported by one pole, others having six, and with the covering stretched in all the different styles imaginable, and all scattered here and there in the greatest confusion, and you will have an Indian village. As more Native Americans were pushed into the Council Bluffs area by pressure of European-American settlement to the east, intertribal conflict increased, fueled by

602-657: A new path into California across the Sierra Nevada Mountains . Beginning in 1846 there was a large influx of Latter-day Saints into the area, although in the winter of 1847–1848 most Latter-day Saints crossed to the Nebraska side of the Missouri River. Initially, the area was called "Miller's Hollow", after Henry W. Miller , who would be the first member of the Iowa State Legislature from the area. Miller also

688-473: A prominent community landmark. Old Town Council Bluffs was adjudged by Judge Frank Street in the 1850s to be the area between West Broadway and Glen Avenue and East Broadway and Frank Street from Harmony Street south to Pierce Street. Today the area encompasses Billy Caldwell 's settlement of Potawatomi on Indian Creek during the 1830s and Kanesville established by the Mormons as Miller's Hollow in 1848. Kanesville

774-575: A shopping mall here first appeared in 1972 and construction finally began on the Mall of the Bluffs in 1985. Residential growth east of the railroad tracks towards State Orchard Road and the Council Bluffs Municipal Airport and north to U.S. Route 6 has included developments outside the Council Bluffs city limits. Huntington Avenue consists of early 20th century Craftsman homes which wind along

860-568: A total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With the increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized

946-424: Is a good point at which to "take (a) stranger in," and it is done almost every day. Our stay at Council Bluffs was very short (two days) and I think no one was sorry to leave it. Council Bluffs (rather than Omaha) was designated by President Abraham Lincoln as the official starting point of the transcontinental railroad , which was completed in 1869. The official "Mile 0" start is at 21st Street and 9th Avenue which

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1032-593: Is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

1118-520: Is located on the east bank of the Missouri River , across from Omaha, Nebraska . Until about 1853 Council Bluffs was known as Kanesville . Kanesville was the historic starting point of the Mormon Trail . Kanesville is also the northernmost anchor town of the other emigrant trails because there was a steam-powered boat which ferried the settlers' wagons and cattle across the Missouri River . In 1869,

1204-503: Is located south of where Interstate 29 splits from Interstate 80, east of South Omaha , Nebraska, west of Indian Creek, and north of the South Omaha Bridge Road ( U.S. Route 275 and Iowa Highway 92 ). This neighborhood developed mostly during the 1960s for workers in nearby Omaha factories and at Offutt Air Force Base . The Interstate 80 Exit at 1-B at South 24th Street includes two large truck stops along with several motels,

1290-674: Is now marked by a gold spike that was used for the promotion of the movie Union Pacific Council Bluffs physical connection to the Transcontinental Railroad was delayed until 1872 when the Union Pacific Missouri River Bridge opened (railroad cars had to be ferried across the Missouri River from Council Bluffs to Omaha in the early days of the Transcontinental). The Chicago and North Western Transportation Company arrived in 1867. Other railroads operating in

1376-544: Is the area of Council Bluffs adjacent to Exit 5 of Interstate 80 along Madison and Bennett avenues, Valley View Drive, and the area between Iowa Highway 92 north to McPherson Avenue. Mosquito Creek flows through this area which was originally notable for the Potawatomi gristmill and now includes the usual roadside gas stations, fast food restaurants, motels, and the tracks of the Iowa Interstate Railroad . Plans for

1462-475: Is the portion of Council Bluffs from the combined Interstate 80 and Interstate 29 south to the city limits between Mosquito and Indian Creeks. The area was developed as a trolley park by the Omaha and Council Bluffs Streetcar Company after the former channel of the Missouri River was "cut-off" during an 1881 flood to become modern Lake Manawa State Park. Later development followed the establishment of U.S. Route 275 and

1548-619: The Chicago and North Western Transportation Company Railroad passenger depot at 11th Street. The downtown area developed as the economic rival of Old Town after the 1853 opening of the Pacific House Hotel by Samuel S. Bayliss and until the 1867 completion of the Chicago and Northwestern. In 1899, the Illinois Central passenger depot opened at 12th St. and West Broadway. Downtown declined as

1634-551: The Clean Water Act , because the plant's contaminated stormwater commingled with treated process wastewater and was pumped out to the storm sewer, which discharged into the Missouri River. Council Bluffs is the primary city of the Omaha-Council Bluffs Metropolitan Area . As of the 2020 census , there were 62,799 people, 25,271 households, and 15,302 families residing in the city. The population density

1720-784: The Interstate 480 bridge to downtown Omaha. Iowa Highway 192 follows North 16th St. from West Broadway to Interstate 29 . Neighborhood landmarks include the 1890s Illinois Central Railroad Missouri River bridge, Stan Bahnsen Park, the Golden Spike monument, the Narrows River Park, Big Lake Park, the site of Dodge Park Playland , the Dodge Christian Church (built with the N.P. Dodge Memorial funds and now known as Citylight West Council Bluffs), and many examples of late 19th and early 20th century residential architecture. The West End

1806-651: The Lewis and Clark Expedition with the members of the Otoe and Missouria Native American tribes. The town continued as a major outfitting point on the Missouri River for the Emigrant Trail and Pike's Peak Gold Rush , and entertained a lively steamboat trade. In 1863 an anonymous soldier on his way to fight the Dakota Uprising passed through Council Bluffs describing it as a hardscrabble town: At Council Bluffs our arrival

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1892-524: The Loess Hills with extensive wetlands and deciduous forest along the Missouri River . Excellent vistas can be had from KOIL Point at Fairmont Park, the Lincoln Monument, Kirn Park, and the Lewis and Clark Monument. Lake Manawa State Park is located at the southern edge of the city. Downtown Council Bluffs historically was the area along West Broadway and adjacent streets from Old Town west to

1978-664: The Mormon Exodus to Utah ; it is the recognized head end of the Mormon Trail . Edwin Carter , who would become a noted naturalist in Colorado , worked here from 1848 to 1859 in a dry goods store. He helped supply Mormon wagon trains. Settlers who departed west from Kanesville into the sparsely settled, unorganized parts of the Territory of Missouri traveled to the Oregon Country and

2064-585: The RailsWest Railroad Museum . Oakland-Fairview developed during the 1890s and features a wealth of 19th-century architecture, including the Judge Finley Burke mansion at 510 Oakland built in 1893 out of Minnesota granite . The neighborhood is also home to the Lincoln Monument. Located at the western end of Lafayette Avenue, the monument was erected in 1911 by the local chapter of the Daughters of

2150-539: The Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of

2236-628: The United States government to protect settlers from hostile Indians along the Texas frontier. From its establishment on March 18, 1849, by Lt. C.H. Taylor (Company A, Second Dragoons) until it was abandoned in 1855, Fort Croghan was home to Company C, 8th Infantry, U.S.A. (mounted), and eventually became the headquarters of the Second Dragoon Regiment. Part of a chain of forts extending from Fort Worth to Fort Inge near present-day Uvalde ,

2322-460: The United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in

2408-409: The first transcontinental railroad to California was connected to the existing U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs. The first Council Bluff (which is singular) was on the Nebraska side of the river at Fort Atkinson , about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of the city of Council Bluffs. It was named by Lewis and Clark for a bluff where they met the Otoe tribe on August 2, 1804. The Iowa side of

2494-458: The missionary Pierre-Jean De Smet founded St. Joseph's Mission to minister to the Potawatomi. De Smet was appalled by the violence and brutality caused by the whiskey trade, and tried to protect the tribe from unscrupulous traders. However, he had little success in persuading tribal members to convert to Christianity and resorted to secret baptisms of Indian children. During this time, De Smet contributed to Joseph Nicollet 's work in mapping

2580-423: The 1940s Meyer Lansky operated a greyhound racing track in Council Bluffs. Restructuring of the railroad industry caused the loss of many jobs after the mid-20th century, as did the restructuring of heavy industry. Many jobs moved offshore. By the late 20th century the city and region were suffering economic stagnation and a declining population, as they struggled to develop a new economy. Downtown urban renewal

2666-529: The 1968 First Federal Building. The 1947 State Savings Bank Building at 509 West Broadway and the seven-story 1924 Bennett Building at 405 West Broadway are both listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The 100 Block of West Broadway is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the 1892 Broadway United Methodist Church at West Broadway and 1st St. remains

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2752-583: The American Revolution that, according to folklore , commemorates the spot where Abraham Lincoln decided on the location of the transcontinental railroad in 1859. The monument offers expansive views across the West End in the Missouri River Valley to Omaha , Nebraska. Nearby is the entrance to Fairview Cemetery, situated on the north side of Lafayette Avenue, which predates the establishment of

2838-622: The Broadway Viaduct, and north of 9th Ave. and the Union Pacific Transfer railyards. These neighborhoods of long, tree-shaded avenues are divided by the commercial corridor of West Broadway (U.S. Route 6), once part of the Lincoln Highway . This stretch of West Broadway has traditionally had several drive-in fast food restaurants and automobile dealerships with several grain elevators adjacent along 1st Avenue. West Broadway ends at

2924-472: The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. In the early 20th century much of the area was dubbed "Dane Town" or "Little Copenhagen" for the large number of Danish immigrants with several Croatian and Mexican families closer to the Union Pacific railyards at "Little Vienna". Neighborhood landmarks include Peterson Park, Longfellow School, and the 1899 Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific passenger depot, now

3010-756: The Council Bluffs Police" noted the "places of vice and corruption on Pierce" and Stella Long's above the Ogden House along with the "terrible den at the corner of Market and Vine" and Belle Clover's bagnio at 8th St. and West Broadway. In 2010, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources found that air in central Council Bluffs measured above the national air quality standard for lead, most likely due to lead emissions in this area by Griffin Pipe Products Company. In 2011, EPA found numerous violations of

3096-417: The United States, the federal government became responsible for the protection of frontier settlers from Indian raids. Several companies of Texas Rangers , financed by the federal government, were stationed along the frontier. In December 1847, a company of Rangers under the command of Henry Eustace McCulloch took up a position about 3 miles (5 km) south of present-day Burnet. Samuel E. Holland purchased

3182-541: The Western Historic Trails Center, the Bluffs Acres manufactured home development, and The Marketplace shopping area. The Willows on the South Omaha Bridge Road is an example of mid-20th century roadside motel architecture and Bart's Motel further east at South 24th St featured prominent neon signage, was used as a location in the motion picture The Indian Runner , and has since been demolished. Manawa

3268-769: The administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when

3354-573: The area was bought from Ioway, Sac and Fox tribes in the Platte Purchase and part of Missouri in 1837, Sauganash and the Pottawatomi were forced to move to their assigned reservation in Council Bluffs. Sauganash's English name was Billy Caldwell, and his village was called Caldwell's Camp. The tribe were sometimes called the Bluff Indians. U.S. Army Dragoons built a small fort nearby. In 1838–39,

3440-436: The average family size was 3.03. County seat In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are

3526-410: The city were the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad , Chicago Great Western Railway , Wabash Railroad , Illinois Central Railroad , and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad as well as the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad . In 1926, the portion of Council Bluffs west of the Missouri River seceded to form Carter Lake, Iowa . Carter Lake had been cut off by a change in

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3612-519: The city's primary retail center after the 1955 completion of the Broadway Viaduct, 1970s urban renewal, and the 1984 opening of the Kanesville Boulevard U.S. Route 6 bypass. Remaining buildings of note include the 1959 Council Bluffs Post Office and Federal Building at 6th Street, the 1986 "Red" Nelson Building, the 501 Main Building, the substantially altered 1909 City National Bank Building, and

3698-403: The city. The population density was 1,518.8 inhabitants per square mile (586.4/km). There were 26,594 housing units at an average density of 649.1 inhabitants per square mile (250.6/km). The racial makeup of the city was 90.9% White , 1.9% African American , 0.6% Native American , 0.7% Asian , 3.6% from other races , and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.5% of

3784-431: The city. The population density was 1,558.7 inhabitants per square mile (601.8/km). There were 24,340 housing units at an average density of 651.1 inhabitants per square mile (251.4/km). The racial makeup of the city was 94.76% White, 1.05% Black or African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.81% from other races, and 1.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.45% of

3870-466: The completion of Interstate 80 with additional growth during the 1990s. A variety of fast food restaurants, motels, big-box stores , automobile dealerships, a large truck stop and other businesses are located between Interstate 80 and Interstate 29 south to the state park. The Lake Manawa Inn hosts early examples of roadside cabin architecture. In February and March, bald eagles and red-tailed hawks can frequently be seen at Lake Manawa, particularly along

3956-432: The county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in the United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated,

4042-491: The county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of the county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where

4128-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

4214-489: The course of the Missouri River. By the 1930s, Council Bluffs had grown into the country's fifth largest rail center. The railroads helped the city become a center for grain storage, and massive grain elevators continue to mark the city's skyline. Other industries in the city included Blue Star Foods, Dwarfies Cereal, Frito-Lay , Georgie Porgie Cereal, Giant Manufacturing, Kimball Elevators, Mona Motor Oil, Monarch, Reliance Batteries, Woodward's Candy, and World Radio . During

4300-446: The fort a few miles north on Hamilton Creek. No consideration was more important than a year-round source of abundant, clean water, needed for many uses and as drinking water for people and animals. All the necessary buildings, including a hospital , bakery , officers' quarters, enlisted men's huts, powderhouse, horse and mule lots, blacksmith shop, storage buildings, and a lookout building on top of Post Mountain, were constructed by

4386-497: The fort was named for Colonel George Croghan . The fort originally covered some 50 acres (20 ha) near the present-day city of Burnet, Texas , extending from Hamilton Creek up and over Post Mountain. Today, a small section exists due to the efforts of the Burnet County Historical Society, which raised money in the 1960s to purchase this portion of the old fort. In the 1840s, upon the annexation of Texas to

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4472-512: The fort with beef and other foodstuffs. In 1852, Vandeveer was instrumental in petitioning the Texas Legislature to authorize the creation of Burnet County . The town was first called Hamilton or Hamilton Valley, but in 1858, the town name was changed to Burnet, also. Fort Croghan was abandoned in December 1853, having served its purpose. The last building there was demolished in the 1920s and

4558-448: The historical cabins that were moved to the fort grounds and reassembled as they had been. The Texas Rangers' McCulloch's Station was 4 miles south on Hamilton Creek. The Fort Croghan Museum features historical artifacts including tools, household items, and Western gear. The grounds contain restored buildings with period displays, including a stage-stop house, blacksmith shop, schoolhouse, powder house, several late 19th-century cabins,

4644-480: The illegal whiskey trade. The US Army built Fort Croghan in 1842, to keep order and try to control liquor traffic on the Missouri River. However the fort was destroyed in a flood later in the same year. By 1846 the Pottawatomi were forced to move again to a new reservation at Osawatomie, Kansas . In 1844, the Stephens-Townsend-Murphy Party crossed the Missouri River here, on their way to blaze

4730-611: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

4816-457: The lure of free and cheap land had thrust many settlers far beyond the protection of civilization. More and more settlers arrived, many of them from foreign countries. Some came expecting to acquire good farmland near the Texas coast. They soon learned that they would have to move hundreds of miles inland and the only land left was marginal rangeland . Indians who had been peaceful due to treaties and

4902-450: The mock auctioneer, the jeweler with his pinchback jewelry of all kinds; horse and mule jockeys, gamblers, thieves, assassin—and the mischief knows what not, rather than what is—all congregated in this little 7×9 city, stuck in a great ravine, 3 miles from the Missouri River. When you understand that this is the great entrepot for emigration across the Plains, you will readily comprehend that this

4988-409: The newly conquered California Territory . They traversed the (eventual) Nebraska Territory traveling in wagon trains along the much-storied Oregon , Mormon , or California Trails into the newly expanded United States western lands. After the first large organized wagon trains left Missouri in 1841, the annual migration waves began in earnest by the spring of 1843. They built up thereafter, with

5074-515: The nineteenth century. The Mormon Battalion began its march from Kanesville to California during the Mexican–American War . The area was where plural marriage first began to be openly practiced. Orson Hyde began to publish The Frontier Guardian newspaper, and Brigham Young was named as the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS church). The community

5160-547: The old fort was forgotten as the town grew and prospered. In the 1960s, a group of citizens interested in preserving this part of Burnet County and the city of Burnet's past formed the Burnet County Historical Society and raised the money to purchase the present-day grounds. Early presidents of the Burnet County Historical Society included Rethie Dorbandt, Ed Young, Virgil Lewis, Tad Moses, Jimsey Husted, Phyllis Adrian, Reta Ross, Clyde Mather, Mrs. T.D. Bryant, W.C. Galloway, Mather Dorbandt, and Donald Duncan. Local landowners donated

5246-529: The opening of the Mormon Trail (1846) and peaked in the later 1860s, when news of the progress of railroads had a braking effect on the number of travelers. By the 1860s, virtually all migration wagon trains passed near the town now named Council Bluffs. The wagon train trails became less important with the advent of the first complete transcontinental railway in 1869, but while trail use diminished after that, their use continued on at lesser rates until late in

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5332-408: The population. There were 22,889 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and

5418-443: The population. There were 24,793 households, of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.4% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

5504-462: The presence of the United States soldiers during the U.S.-Mexican War now began to come into conflict with these newcomers. The Comanche and Apache were particularly incensed at this intrusion into their ancient hunting grounds. At first, the government wanted to build Fort Croghan near Holland Springs. Burnet County's first white resident, Sam Holland, objected strenuously to a military post being located near his home. They then decided to locate

5590-526: The present city and includes the Kinsman Monument and the burial place of many early settlers, including Amelia Bloomer . At the east end of Lafayette Avenue where it intersects with North Second Street stands the Ruth Anne Dodge Memorial, the "Black Angel" designed by Daniel Chester French , although the wife of Grenville Dodge is actually buried elsewhere in Council Bluffs. Madison Avenue

5676-420: The river became an Indian Reservation in the 1830s for members of the Council of Three Fires of Chippewa , Ottawa , and Potawatomi who were forced to leave the Chicago area under the Treaty of Chicago clearing the way for the city of Chicago to incorporate. The largest group of Native Americans who moved to the area were the Pottawatomi, who were led by their chief Sauganash ("one who speaks English"),

5762-422: The soldiers settled in the area and stayed on after the fort was decommissioned. Christian Dorbandt, later sheriff of Burnet County, was one of these men. Noah Smithwick worked as an armorer for the fort. A small town soon grew up across Hamilton Creek, as merchants and other suppliers of services moved to be near the fort. Logan Vandeveer and Peter Kerr were among the first to obtain contracts to furnish

5848-426: The soldiers. In October 1849, Company C. 8th Infantry , U.S.A. Mounted arrived to occupy this newly constructed fort. Fort Croghan consisted of the usual log cabins enclosed by a strong stockade . It was manned by one company of cavalry and one of infantry . The first commander was Captain Phillip St. George Cook. Captain Cook soon resigned his position and was followed by Captains Blake, Lee , and Sibley. Some of

5934-412: The son of the British loyalist William Caldwell , who founded Canadian communities on the south side of the Detroit River , and a Pottawatomi woman. Seeking to avoid confrontation with the Sioux , who were natives of the Council Bluffs area, the 1,000 to 2,000 Pottawattamie initially had settled east of the Missouri River in Indian territory between Leavenworth, Kansas and St. Joseph, Missouri . When

6020-435: The southwest shore. The South End is bordered by 12th Avenue on the north, South 16th St. and the Union Pacific Transfer railyards on the west, Interstate 80 and Interstate 29 on the south, and the South Expressway (Iowa Highway 192) on the east. This neighborhood developed during the late 19th century with the railroads, especially the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway , and

6106-657: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

6192-570: The term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of

6278-554: The top of the Loess Hills past the 1925 studio of radio station KOIL ; the station is now apartments. The historic "Council Bluffs' Red-light district " was formed during the late 19th century, when at least 10 separate brothels were located on Pierce Street east of Park Avenue with another three brothels down the block on the south side of West Broadway east of Park. One 1890 newspaper article referenced in Lt. RL Miller's "Selected History of

6364-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

6450-514: The upper midwest. De Smet produced the first European-recorded, detailed map of the Council Bluffs area; it detailed the Missouri River valley system, from below the Platte River to the Big Sioux River . De Smet wrote an early description of the Potawatomi settlement: Imagine a great number of cabins and tents, made of the bark of trees, buffalo skins, coarse cloth, rushes and sods , all of

6536-607: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

6622-452: Was 1,461.7 inhabitants per square mile (564.4/km). There were 27,100 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 83.7% White , 2.7% African American , 0.9% Native American , 1.0% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 4.7% from some other races and 6.9% from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.4% of the population. As of the 2010 census , there were 62,230 people, 24,793 households, and 15,528 families residing in

6708-438: Was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.01. The median age in the city was 35.9 years. 24.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.6% were from 45 to 64; and 13.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 58,268 people, 22,889 households, and 15,083 families residing in

6794-410: Was an independent city from 1968 to 2013, while also being the county seat of Bedford County . Bedford reverted to an incorporated town, and remains the county seat, though is now part of the county. The state with the most counties is Texas, with 254, and the state with the fewest counties is Delaware, with 3. Fort Croghan Fort Croghan was the third of the first four forts established by

6880-607: Was followed in the mid-1990s by riverboat casinos operated by Ameristar and Harvey's Casino Hotel (now Harrah's Council Bluffs ). New development in this previously industrial area has included the Mid-America Center , several restaurants and hotels, and other businesses. The appearance of legalized gambling in Council Bluffs became a major issue in neighboring Omaha where Mayor Hal Daub had declared Iowa an "XXX state" in 1995 as horse-racing came to an end at Ak-Sar-Ben . Twin City

6966-503: Was greeted by a few rounds from the old six pounder, while the streets were lined with a curiosity-seeking class of humanity, among which could easily be traced the physiognomy of bipeds of almost every clime—all here to make money. The cute Yankee whittling out wooden hams to sell to Pikes' Peak emigrants, the Chatham Street peddler, with his stock of "oht clo's," ready to swear that he had them manufactured expressly for his western trade;

7052-618: Was the foreman for the construction of the Kanesville Tabernacle . By 1848, the town had become known as Kanesville, named for benefactor Thomas L. Kane who had helped negotiate federal permission in Washington, D.C. for the Mormons to use Indian land along the Missouri as their winter encampment of 1846–47. Built next to or at Caldwell's Camp, Kanesville became the main outfitting point for

7138-548: Was the home of Mormon leaders Orson Hyde, George A. Smith , and Ezra T. Benson and was a major outfitting point on the Mormon Trail during the California Gold Rush. The reconstructed Kanesville Tabernacle in the 300 block of East Broadway is operated as a museum by the LDS Church. The West End is a geographically large area on the flood plain east of the Missouri River and downtown Omaha , Nebraska, west of 10th St. and

7224-474: Was transformed by the California Gold Rush , and the majority of Mormons left for Utah by 1852. By 1852, the number of Mormons was declining due to their further westward movement, and the town was renamed Council Bluffs after a cliff called Council Bluff 20 miles to the north on which Fort Atkinson was built in 1820. The bluff itself was named after the so-called Otoe council, an August 1804 meeting of

7310-403: Was undertaken to create a new future while emphasizing the strengths of heritage. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 45.672 square miles (118.29 km), of which 42.963 square miles (111.27 km) is land and 2.709 square miles (7.02 km) is water. Council Bluffs covers a unique topographic region originally composed of prairie and savanna in

7396-545: Was used as a location by film director Alexander Payne in the movies Citizen Ruth and About Schmidt . Casino Row is located on and near the Missouri River south of West Broadway and Interstate 480, west of South 35th St. and Interstate 29, and north of Interstate 80 along 23rd Avenue west of South 24th St. The opening of the Bluffs Run Greyhound Park in 1986, now the Horseshoe Council Bluffs ,

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