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42-510: On May 1, 2007, after 48 days of oral testimony (and 13,288 pages of written testimony), the Copyright Royalty Board set new rates for webcasting for the 2006–2010 License Period. The rates are higher than the then-existing royalties paid for non-interactive webcasting. One component of rate increase was to remove the cap on the per-station/channel minimum fee of USD $ 500, which used to be $ 2,500. The law requires rates to be based on

84-430: A 21-minute Victoria's Secret fashion show featuring supermodel Tyra Banks aired exclusively on Broadcast.com . The webcast was promoted by a 30-second television spot during Super Bowl XXXIII and drew an estimated 1.5 million viewers. Broadcast.com servers were reportedly overwhelmed by the spike in traffic, locking out many potential viewers. Virtually all major broadcasters now have a webcast of their output, from

126-476: A PC. Mindset Network has developed an IP satellite datacast platform for the distribution of educational and health content, to sites around South Africa and the rest of Africa as well. The model is a forward and store model, allowing users of the platform to view content in an on-demand fashion. Content distributed in this way includes video content, print-based content (in the form of PDF files), and interactive computer-based multimedia content. Significantly,

168-611: A U.S. paging service which focuses on information of interest to the local (or larger) area, such as weather and stock indices, and personalized information will be provided with a paid ambient subscription on that particular device. A slight variation of the European Radio Data System , RBDS is carried on a 57 kHz subcarrier on FM radio stations . While originally intended for program-associated data , it can also be used for datacasting purposes including paging and dGPS . DirectBand , owned by Microsoft , uses

210-479: A complete stop to law enforcement attempts to censor material on the darknet and making many censorship laws virtually impossible to enforce; thus restoring some of the 'anarchic freedom' of the early days of the Internet. It is much more difficult, on a technical and political level to jam a satellite signal compared to blocking a website. Data streams can be transmitted alongside television channels. An attempt to jam

252-537: A concert by Metallica on June 10, 1996, live from Slim's in San Francisco. In 1995, Benford E. Standley produced one of the first audio/video webcasts in history. On October 31, 1996, UK rock band Caduseus broadcast their one-hour concert from 11   pm to 12   midnight (UT) at Celtica in Machynlleth, Wales, UK – the first live streamed audio and simultaneous live streamed video multicast – around

294-476: A feature of the fledgling World Wide Web . Later in 1996 an American college student and conceptual artist , Jenny Ringley , set up a web camera similar to the Trojan Room Coffee Pot's webcam in her dorm room. That webcam photographed her every few minutes while it broadcast those images live over the Internet upon a site called JenniCam . Ringley wanted to portray all aspects of her lifestyle and

336-661: A funeral is also a service provided by some funeral homes. Although it has been around since at least 2005, cheaper broadband access, the financial strain of travel, and deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan have all led to increased use of the technology. Datacasting Datacasting (data broadcasting) is the transmission of data over a wide area using radio waves . It typically refers to supplemental information sent by television stations alongside digital terrestrial television (DTT) signals. However, datacasting can also be applied to digital data signals carried on analog TV or radio broadcasts. Datacasting often provides

378-429: A listener listens for 9.1 hours a week (the average amount according to recent Bridge reports), the listener would cost the service $ 0.66 a month. Noncommercial webcasters Annual fee $ 500 per channel or station, up to a total of 159,140 aggregate tuning hours (ATH) per month. After this, the per-play rate for commercial webcasters applies. etc. Webcasting A webcast is a media presentation distributed over

420-478: A number of services on one standard 7 MHz multiplex , collectively known as Digital Forty Four . The collection included: More recently a near-Australia wide broadcast of a datacasting channel called MyTalk commenced on April 13, 2007. Broadcasting as part of the multiplex on Southern Cross and Southern Cross Ten stations, it provided news, weather and other information, available free to anyone able to tune in. The stream consisted of text applicable to

462-537: A variety of information such as news , weather forecasting , traffic reporting , stock market updates, and other data that may or may not relate to the broadcast programs. It can also include interactive elements like gaming , shopping , or educational content . An electronic program guide is typically included, though this feature is sometimes considered inherent to the digital broadcast standard. The ATSC , DVB , and ISDB standards support broadband datacasting via Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT), although

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504-415: A way of providing higher bandwidth Internet access to home computer users as well as enabling television-based Internet access, driving the development of smart television products. The earliest graphically oriented web broadcasts were not streaming video, but were in fact still frames which were photographed with a web camera every few minutes while they were being broadcast live over the Internet. One of

546-410: Is a minimum annual fee of $ 500 per channel or station, payable in advance, against the above per-play fees. For example, under the 2007 rate, 100 unique listeners of a transmission of a sound recording will cost the transmitter eleven cents. The same 100 listeners previously cost a service a little over seven-and-a-half cents from 1998 through 2005. If a service plays an average of 15 songs an hour, and

588-549: Is a service used by some brands of TV sets and other ATSC tuners to update their firmware via over-the-air programming . This is also transmitted on PBS stations via National Datacast. Australian broadcast infrastructure company Broadcast Australia undertook a three-year trial in Sydney of a datacasting service using the DVB-T system for use in Australia. The trial consisted of

630-864: Is used extensively in the commercial sector for investor relations presentations (such as annual general meetings), in e-learning (to transmit seminars ), and for related communications activities. However, webcasting does not bear much, if any, relationship to web conferencing , which is designed for many-to-many interaction. The ability to webcast using cheap/accessible technology has allowed independent media to flourish. There are many notable independent shows that broadcast regularly online. Often produced by average citizens in their homes they cover many interests and topics. Webcasts relating to computers, technology , and news are particularly popular and many new shows are added regularly. Webcasting differs from podcasting in that webcasting refers to live streaming while podcasting simply refers to media files placed on

672-569: Is used in DVB-H for the technical elements required to send IP packets over DVB-H broadband downstream channel combined with a return channel over a mobile communications network such as GPRS or UMTS . The set of specifications for IP Datacast (phase1) was approved by the DVB project in October 2005. Ambient Information Network, a datacasting network owned by Ambient Devices presently hosted by U.S.A. Mobility,

714-676: The BBC to CNN to Al Jazeera to UNTV in television to Radio China, Vatican Radio, United Nations Radio and the World Service in radio. On November 4, 1994, Stef van der Ziel distributed the first live video images over the web from the Simplon venue in Groningen. On November 7, 1994, WXYC , the college radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill became the first radio station in

756-592: The MHEG-5 UK profile. Blockstream Satellite broadcasts the Bitcoin blockchain via a global network of broadcast satellites. It also gives everyone the ability to transmit arbitrary files at low cost which can be received in total anonymity worldwide by anyone with a standard DVB-S2 receiver card or USB adapter. Outernet 's goal is to provide free access to content from the web through geostationary and Low Earth orbit satellites, made available effectively to all parts of

798-416: The 67.65 kHz subcarrier leased from FM radio stations. This subcarrier delivers about 12 kbit/s (net after error correction ) of data per station, for over 100 MB per day per city. Data includes traffic, sports, weather, stocks, news, movie times, calendar appointments, and local time. The now- defunct MovieBeam service used dNTSC technology by Dotcast to transmit 720p HDTV movies in

840-742: The American jam band Phish webcast one of their concerts for the first time. On October 22, 1998, the first Billy Graham Crusade was broadcast live to a worldwide audience from the Raymond James Stadium in Tampa Florida courtesy of Dale Ficken and the WebcastCenter in Pennsylvania. The live signal was broadcast via satellite to PA, then encoded and streamed via the BGEA website. On February 6, 1999,

882-679: The Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand. Essentially, webcasting is " broadcasting " over the Internet. The largest "webcasters" include existing radio and TV stations, who " simulcast " their output through online TV or online radio streaming, as well as a multitude of Internet-only "stations". Webcasting usually consists of providing non-interactive linear streams or events. Rights and licensing bodies offer specific "webcasting licenses" to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyrighted material. Webcasting

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924-429: The Internet, specifically concerning privacy and censorship resistance, which can be considered important in an era of mass surveillance . Both satellite and terrestrial broadcast multiplexes can carry multicast IP data. This can be forwarded onto a LAN with a suitable receiver , such as a low-cost set-top-box running custom firmware. The software to transmit web pages over multicast is fairly easy to implement; some of

966-411: The Internet. The term "webcast" had previously been used to describe the distribution of Web or Internet content using conventional broadcast technologies such as those intended for digital video ( Digital Video Broadcasting ) and audio ( Digital Audio Broadcasting ), and in some cases even leveraging analogue broadcasting techniques traditionally used by Teletext services to deliver a limited "Best of

1008-650: The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC). ATSC-M/H is yet another mobile TV standard, although it is transmitted and controlled by the broadcasters instead of a third party, and is therefore mostly free-to-air (although it can also be subscription -based). From a technical standpoint, it is an IP- encapsulated datacast of MPEG-4 streaming video , alongside the ATSC MPEG transport stream used for terrestrial television broadcasting. Heavy error correction, separate from that native to ATSC, compensates for ATSC's poor mobile (and often fixed) reception. UpdateTV

1050-539: The Web" selection of content to audiences. Overnight broadcasts of data via analogue television signals were claimed by WebTV representatives to be able to offer "a fresh gigabyte of data every day... while you sleep". Typically, webcasting referred to a form of datacasting involving higher bandwidth broadcast technologies delivering Web content, multimedia files in particular, and with any interactivity supported by lower bandwidth return channels such as dial-up Internet access over

1092-508: The ability of smaller stations to generate revenue from their operations has little or no bearing on the market value of the rights held by the copyright holders. A coalition of webcasters that included National Public Radio (NPR) joined together to request a rehearing on the increase in rates. On April 16, 2007, the CRB rejected the appeal on the grounds that no new evidence was introduced. Commercial webcasters, per play, per listener rate There

1134-417: The camera captured her doing almost everything – brushing her teeth, doing her laundry, and even having sex with her boyfriend. Her website generated millions of hits upon the Internet, became a pay site in 1998, and spawned hundreds of female imitators who would then use streaming video to create a new billion dollar industry called camming , and brand themselves as camgirls or webcam models. One of

1176-574: The earliest instances of sequential live image broadcasting was in 1991 when a camera was set up next to the Trojan Room in the computer laboratory of the University of Cambridge . It provided a live picture every few minutes of the office coffee pot to all desktop computers on that office's network. A couple of years later its broadcasts went to the Internet, became known as the Trojan Room Coffee Pot webcam , and gained international notoriety as

1218-572: The earliest webcast equivalent of an online concert and one of the earliest examples of webcasting itself was by Apple Computer 's Webcasting Group in partnership with the entrepreneurs Michael Dorf and Andrew Rasiej. Together with David B. Pakman from Apple , they launched the Macintosh New York Music Festival from July 17–22, 1995. This event audio webcast concerts from more than 15 clubs in New York City. Apple later webcast

1260-429: The globe to more than twenty direct "mirrors" in more than twenty countries. In September 1997, Nebraska Public Television started webcasting Big Red Wrap Up from Lincoln, Nebraska which combined highlights from every Cornhusker football game, coverage of the coaches' weekly press conferences, analysis with Nebraska sportswriters, appearances by special guests and questions and answers with viewers. On August 8, 1997,

1302-421: The lower vestigial sideband of NTSC analog TV . The set-top box stored the movies to be viewed on demand for a fee . This was distributed through PBS 's National Datacast . TV Guide On Screen is an advertising -supported datacast sent by one local station in each media market . It supplements or replaces the limited electronic program guide sent by each TV station , which is already mandated by

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1344-532: The model also includes access to a GPRS network that allows the receiving sites to communicate back to the Mindset central server. Communications include statistics about the physical health of the machine (e.g. power status, disk drive usage), as well as usage statistics indicating what content has been viewed. The model also includes a distributed deployment of the Moodle LMS, allowing users to take assessments and have

1386-434: The price that would be set by a marketplace of willing sellers and willing buyers. Much of the discussion focused on the definition of "willing seller". The Board decided that an individual record company was the basic unit of a "willing seller". An issue that smaller webcasters raised was the desire to be assured that their fees would not exceed their revenue. The Board rejected this reasoning in their final decision because

1428-408: The public telephone network or communication over mobile telephone networks. Such return channels conveyed each user's requests for the delivery of specific content over the broadcast medium. Eventually, DVB satellite operators were to offer a higher bandwidth return channel using DVB-RCS , raising the prospect of "point-to-point connections with users' satellite dishes". Webcasting had been regarded as

1470-471: The results transmitted via GPRS to the Mindset server for accreditation. Teletext was used extensively on analogue channels; a type of datacasting using the overscan on analogue transmissions. Teletext Limited and Ceefax were the main providers. Within digital terrestrial television, the Digital Teletext name is used extensively although the technology used to provide this service is unrelated and uses

1512-521: The specifics of implementation are not always defined. For analog TV, moderate and low bandwidths are used via overscan and the Vertical Blanking Interval (VBI), respectively. DirectBand and RDS / RBDS are medium and narrow subcarriers used for analog FM radio. The EUREKA 147 and HD Radio standards both allow for datacasting on digital radio , defining a few basics but also allowing for later expansion. The term IP Datacasting (IPDC)

1554-469: The technology has been already developed. Content received can be stored automatically on the set-top box's built in hard drive, served to users over Wi-Fi or Ethernet. A fractional broadcast multiplex can transmit up to hundreds of gigabytes of content each day. In extreme cases a receiver can be physically disconnected from the Internet, thus providing a system much more secure than Internet-based anonymity networks such as Tor . This could ultimately put

1596-474: The viewer's location and a 4:3 video window of terrestrial TV from the relevant Southern Cross / Southern Cross Ten station. On February 25, 2008, MyTalk ceased broadcasting. Digital Forty Four was shut down at exactly midnight on the night of April 30, 2010. Malaysian multi-channel pay-TV operator, MiTV Corporation Sdn Bhd launched its IP-over-UHF service in September 2005. The full digital broadcast capacity

1638-555: The wedding in person. On August 13, 1998, the first webcast wedding took place, between Alan K'necht and Carrie Silverman in Toronto Canada . The first webcast teleconference wedding to date is believed to have occurred on December 31, 1998. Dale Ficken and Lorrie Scarangella wed on this date as they stood in a church in Pennsylvania, and were married by Jerry Falwell while he sat in his office in Lynchburg, Virginia . Webcasting

1680-406: The world . The project uses datacasting and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) through both small satellites, such as CubeSats , and larger, more conventional geostationary communications satellites in a satellite constellation network. Wi-Fi enabled devices would communicate with the satellite hotspots , which receive data broadcasts from satellites. Datacasting has certain advantages over using

1722-501: The world to broadcast its signal over the internet. Translated versions including Subtitling are now possible using SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language . A webcast of a wedding may be called a wedcast ; it allows family and friends of the couple to watch the wedding in real time on the Internet . It is sometimes used for weddings in exotic locations, where it would be expensive or difficult for people to travel to see

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1764-490: Was used to deliver IP services which such as multicast streaming and datacasting. Toosheh , or "Knapsack" in Persian is a datacasting technology that uses existing set-top-boxes for reception of files without requiring an Internet connection. No special equipment is required, the transmission is in the form of a standard video stream containing embedded data that is 'recorded' to a USB stick and then viewed using special software on

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