Exchange of Information is an umbrella term which refers to international co-operation in the field of taxation through the exchange of information on taxpayers between tax authorities.
81-654: The Common Reporting Standard ( CRS ) is an information standard for the Automatic Exchange Of Information (AEOI) regarding financial accounts on a global level, between tax authorities, which the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) developed in 2014. Its purpose is to combat tax evasion . The idea was based on the US Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) implementation agreements and its legal basis
162-698: A parliamentary representative democratic dependency , whereby the Premier is the head of government , and of a pluriform multi-party system. A governor is appointed by the British government to represent the king. The United Nations Committee on Decolonization includes Anguilla on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories . The territory's constitution is the Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982 (amended 1990). Executive power
243-488: A shell company . The OECD has also published Model Mandatory Disclosure Rules for CRS Avoidance Arrangements and Opaque Offshore Structures. These rules require intermediaries, like tax advisors, law firms and others to report to their domestic tax authority if they advise on ways to circumvent reporting under the CRS. As of January 2023, 17 jurisdictions have committed to implementing these rules, although all 27 EU Member States and
324-570: A [Jurisdiction A] reportable account or a [Jurisdiction B] reportable account, depending on the context, provided it has been identified as such pursuant to due diligence procedures, consistent with the Annex, in place in [Jurisdiction A] or [Jurisdiction B]." The OECD conducts peer reviews of jurisdictions to ensure compliance with the Standard and requires jurisdictions with deficiencies to correct domestic laws or guidance to bring their approach into line with
405-506: A decline of $ 56.6 billion to $ 78.0 billion." A 2023 study found that a Swiss voluntary disclosure programme combined with the introduction of the Common Reporting Standard result in the disclosure of assets equivalent to 10% of GDP . Anguilla 18°13′38″N 63°02′56″W / 18.22723°N 63.04899°W / 18.22723; -63.04899 Anguilla ( / æ ŋ ˈ ɡ w ɪ l ə / ang- GWIL -ə )
486-513: A fort on the island in 1631. However, the Company later withdrew after its fort was destroyed by the Spanish in 1633. Traditional accounts state that Anguilla was first colonised by English settlers from Saint Kitts beginning in 1650. The settlers focused on planting tobacco, and to a lesser extent cotton. The French temporarily took over the island in 1666 but returned it to English control under
567-517: A legal expert complained that "The CRS has a much more ambitious scope, however, and modelling the standard on the FATCA rules has created problems for implementing it in Europe". And a "private sector advocacy group representing financial services and law firms" went even further seeing a "showdown" between the two regimes. In developed countries, the introduction of the CRS has raised professional concerns about
648-504: A number of loopholes (unequal standards for how information is shared e.g.) and also elect not to receive any info in return. The Financial Transparency Coalition criticised the access cost of $ 73 to download OECD ’s report itself, being "a perfect illustration of why this process needs to include low income countries from the start". The OECD conducts peer reviews to check compliance by each jurisdiction, as well as reviewing compliance to identify risks in compliance and loopholes. It opened
729-576: A part of the local cuisine, opened up opportunities for ecotourism, and introduced celebrations such as Lobster Fest and boat races. As throughout the Caribbean , holidays are a cultural fixture. Anguilla's most important holidays are of historic as much as cultural importance – particularly the anniversary of the emancipation (previously August Monday in the Park), celebrated as the Summer Festival, or Carnival,
810-435: A rate of around 1–2 mm/yr. Northeastern trade winds keep this tropical island relatively cool and dry. Average annual temperature is 80 °F (27 °C). July–October is its hottest period, December–February, its coolest. Rainfall averages 35 inches (890 mm) annually, although the figures vary from season to season and year to year. The island is subject to both sudden tropical storms and hurricanes, which occur in
891-482: A result, most individuals opening bank accounts in participating countries will be asked for the tax residence and, if they are not resident in the country in which they are opening the account, their Taxpayer Identification Number. The Standard allows some discretion for each national authority to determine the due diligence approach, but only within minimum standards determined by the OECD: "The term "reportable account" means
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#1732847789681972-770: A satisfactory overall rating (“Compliant” or “Largely Compliant”), while 13% have been assessed as "Partially Compliant" and 2% as "Non-Compliant". Automatic Exchange of Information between countries is comparatively new, starting with the EU's Savings Directive . In 2010, the United States implemented the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act provisions as part of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act , which required banks and other financial institutions to report on accounts held by US citizens anywhere in
1053-467: A separate British Crown colony (now a British overseas territory ). Since then, Anguilla has been politically stable, and has seen a large growth in its tourism and offshore financing sectors. Anguilla is a flat, low-lying island of coral and limestone in the Caribbean Sea , measuring some 16 miles (26 km) long and 3.5 miles (6 km) in width. It lies to the east of Puerto Rico and
1134-598: A single year, 2022, there was automatic exchange of information on 123 million financial accounts covering €12 trillion in assets under the Common Reporting Standard. Similar patterns can be observed in respect of the US; in 2019, the Internal Revenue Service received reports on almost 8.3 million offshore accounts held by US persons. More than 50% had invalid or missing Social Security numbers . Future regimes are expected to capture even greater volumes of data. In 2020,
1215-519: A taxpayer or class of taxpayers to allow for the assessment and collection of tax, or the prosecution of tax evasion. Since 2010, the OECD Global Forum has conducted peer reviews of countries' compliance with EOIR and rated all countries on a scale which includes compliant, largely compliant, partially compliant and non-compliant. As at September, the OECD notes that 85% of jurisdictions have received
1296-515: A website for whistle-blowers to anonymously report CRS violations including for pensions, insurance, and citizenship-for-sale tools. The OECD has investigated and labeled specifically as "low-risk" an investment tool in Hong Kong called ORS (Occupational Retirement Scheme) which is classified as a "non-reporting financial institutions" and can be used to bypass CRS as it does not need reporting under CRS guidelines and can be used to effectively be like
1377-527: Is The Valley . The total land area of the territory is 35 square miles (91 km ), with a population of approximately 15,753 (2021). The native Arawak name for the island was Malliouhana . In reference to the island's shape, the Italian anguilla , meaning "eel" (in turn, from the Latin diminutive of anguis , "snake") was used as its name. Anguillan tradition holds that Christopher Columbus named
1458-563: Is pigeon peas and rice. A significant amount of the island's produce is imported due to limited land suitable for agriculture production; much of the soil is sandy and infertile. The agriculture produce of Anguilla includes tomatoes, peppers , limes and other citrus fruits , onion, garlic, squash, pigeon peas, and callaloo . Starch staple foods include imported rice and other foods that are imported or locally grown, including yams , sweet potatoes and breadfruit . The Anguilla National Trust has programmes encouraging Anguillan writers and
1539-517: Is Anguilla's predominant religion, with 29% of the population practising Anglicanism ; another 23.9% are Methodist . Other churches on the island include Seventh-day Adventist , Baptist , Roman Catholic (served by the Diocese of Saint John's–Basseterre , with the See at Saint John on Antigua and Barbuda ) and a small community of Jehovah's Witnesses (0.7%). Between 1992 and 2001, the number of followers of
1620-504: Is Moonsplash. Moonsplash is an annual reggae music festival that has occurred in Anguilla for 33 consecutive years and proves to be the oldest independent musical event in the Caribbean. Along with its longstanding history, it is the largest festival annually alongside carnival. While not many soca and calypso artists have gained extreme popularity, the genres are still widely listened to across
1701-659: Is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean . It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles , lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin . The territory consists of the main island of Anguilla, approximately 16 miles (26 kilometres) long by 3 miles (5 km) wide at its widest point, together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population. The territory's capital
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#17328477896811782-456: Is abundant, including prawns, shrimp, crab, spiny lobster , conch , mahi-mahi , red snapper , marlin , and grouper . Salt cod is a staple food eaten on its own and used in stews, casseroles and soups. Livestock is limited due to the small size of the island and people there use poultry, pork, goat, and mutton, along with imported beef. Goat is the most commonly eaten meat, used in a variety of dishes. The official national food of Anguilla
1863-561: Is exercised by the government, with legislative power being vested in both the government and the House of Assembly . The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. As a British overseas territory, the UK is responsible for Anguilla's military defence, although there are no active garrisons or armed forces present in the territory. Since 2020, the Royal Navy has forward-deployed
1944-405: Is noted for its ecologically important coral reefs and beaches. Apart from the main island of Anguilla itself, the territory includes a number of other smaller islands and cays , mostly tiny and uninhabited: In Anguilla forest cover is around 61% of the total land area, equivalent to 5,500 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, which was unchanged from 1990. Anguilla (and the wider Anguilla Bank)
2025-564: Is of volcanic origin, lying on the Lesser Antilles volcanic island arc, and tuffs and volcaniclastic breccias of Eocene age are exposed locally on the island. The island was largely submerged during the Miocene , leading to the formation of the reefal limestone Anguilla Formation, which was subsequently tectonically uplifted and covers most of the island today. Since the late Pleistocene, however, Anguilla has undergone tectonic subsidence at
2106-712: Is referred to locally by terms such as "dialect" (pronounced "dialek"), Anguilla Talk or "Anguillian". It has its main roots in early varieties of English and West African languages, and is similar to the dialects spoken in English-speaking islands throughout the Eastern Caribbean in terms of its structural features. Linguists who are interested in the origins of Anguillan and other Caribbean Creoles point out that some of its grammatical features can be traced to African languages while others can be traced to European languages. Three areas have been identified as significant for
2187-555: Is the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters (MCAA). 120 countries have signed the agreement to implement, and the MCAA remains open for more countries to adopt. First reporting occurred in 2017, with many of the rest starting in 2018. Until 2014, the parties to most treaties for sharing asset, income and tax information internationally had shared it upon request , which
2268-528: Is to improve compliance, there have been numerous studies into the effect of introducing exchange of information. One study found that the introduction of the Common Reporting Standard resulted in an 27.9% drop in assets held in non-EU tax havens , though it also noted that the failure of the United States to adopt CRS resulted in its emergence " as a potentially attractive location for cross-border tax evasion ". A separate study showed similar results from
2349-404: The 2018 Commonwealth Games . He won the 100 metres at the 2018 European Athletics Championships , the 4 x 100 metres at the same championships, and the 4 x 100 metres for England at the 2018 Commonwealth Games . He also won a 4 × 100 m relay team gold at the 2022 Birmingham Commonwealth Games and a silver on the 4 × 100 m relay for Great Britain at the 2020 Olympic Games . In 2023 he broke
2430-528: The Church of God and Pentecostals increased considerably. There are at least 15 churches on the island. Although a minority on the island, Anguilla is an important location to followers of Rastafarian religion as the birthplace of Robert Athlyi Rogers , author of the Holy Piby which had a strong influence on Rastafarian and other Africa-centre belief systems. More recently, a Muslim cultural centre has opened on
2511-460: The European Commission estimated that 8 billion transactions a year would be reported in respect of payments under CESOP. They also estimated that 35 million users of digital platform (infrastructure) would be reportable under new information reporting requirements, with a particular focus on online marketplaces offering homestays . Given the overall purpose of exchange of information
Common Reporting Standard - Misplaced Pages Continue
2592-511: The G-20 major economies , at their meeting in Cairns, Australia , issued a G20 Common Reporting Standard implementation plan. The new system was intended to transfer all relevant information automatically and systematically. The agreement has informally been referred to as GATCA (the global version of FATCA )", but "CRS is not just an extension of FATCA". As of October 2014, 51 countries had signed up to
2673-523: The OECD Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes . There are 3 types of exchange of tax information which are currently in use: EOIR is the oldest form of exchange of information and is now contained in Article 26 of the OECD's Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital. Article 26 allows the tax authority in one country to request specific information in relation to
2754-698: The Saint James School of Medicine was established in 2011 in Anguilla. It is a private , for-profit medical school headquartered in Park Ridge , Illinois. There is a University of the West Indies Open campus site in the island. The island's cultural history begins with the native Taino , Arawak and Carib . Their artifacts have been found around the island, telling of life before European settlers arrived. Anguillan culture has also been built through immigration. Many European families have moved to
2835-477: The Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin , separated from that island by the Anguilla Channel . The soil is generally thin and poor, supporting scrub, tropical and forest vegetation. The terrain is generally low-lying, with the highest terrain located in the vicinity of The Valley; Crocus Hill , Anguilla's highest peak at 240 feet (73 m), lies in the western regions of the town. Anguilla
2916-672: The West Indies Cricket Team , while Cardigan Connor played first-class cricket for English county side Hampshire and was 'chef de mission' (team manager) for Anguilla's Commonwealth Games team in 2002. Other noted players include Chesney Hughes , who played for Derbyshire County Cricket Club in England. Rugby union is represented in Anguilla by the Anguilla Eels RFC, who were formed in April 2006. The Eels have been finalists in
2997-810: The CRS Standard yet: Afghanistan , Algeria , Angola , Bangladesh , Belarus , Benin , Bhutan , Bolivia , Burundi , Central African Republic , Comoros , Congo , Cuba , East Timor , Equatorial Guinea , Eritrea , Eswatini , Ethiopia , Fiji , Gambia , Guinea-Bissau , Honduras , Iran , Iraq , Jordan , Kiribati , Kyrgyzstan , Laos , Libya , Malawi , Mali , Mozambique , Myanmar , Namibia , Nepal , Nicaragua , North Korea , Palau , São Tomé and Príncipe , Sierra Leone , Solomon Islands , Somalia , South Sudan , Sri Lanka , Sudan , Suriname , Syria , Taiwan , Tajikistan , Tonga , Turkmenistan , Tuvalu , Uzbekistan , Vatican City State , Venezuela , Vietnam , Yemen , Zambia , Zimbabwe . In 2016,
3078-1661: The CRS on 1 January 2016 after amending the Directive on Administrative Cooperation in the field taxation (Directive 2011/16). First reports were submitted by September 2017 and subsequently exchanged between jurisdictions. As of June 2017, the following countries committed to start reporting in 2017: Anguilla , Argentina , Barbados , Belgium , Bermuda , British Virgin Islands , Bulgaria , Cayman Islands , Colombia , Croatia , Curaçao , Cyprus , Czech Republic , Denmark , Estonia , Faroe Islands , Finland , France , Germany , Gibraltar , Georgia Greece , Greenland , Guernsey , Hungary , Iceland , India , Ireland , Isle of Man , Italy , Jersey , Korea , Latvia , Liechtenstein , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , Mexico , Montserrat , Netherlands , Niue , Norway , Poland , Portugal , Romania , San Marino , Seychelles , Slovak Republic , Slovenia , South Africa , Spain , Sweden , Trinidad and Tobago , Turks and Caicos Islands , United Kingdom Starting to report in 2018: Albania , Andorra , Antigua and Barbuda , Aruba , Australia , Austria , The Bahamas , Bahrain , Belize , Brazil , Brunei Darussalam , Canada , Chile , China , Cook Islands , Costa Rica , Dominica , Ghana , Grenada , Hong Kong (China) , Indonesia , Israel , Japan , Kuwait , Lebanon , Marshall Islands , Macao (China) , Malaysia , Mauritius , Monaco , Nauru , New Zealand , Pakistan , Panama , Qatar , Russia , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Samoa , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and
3159-681: The EU has acted unilaterally. As a result of Brexit , the United Kingdom is a participant in all measures up to and including DAC5, with a limited implementation of DAC6. The introduction of exchange of information regimes globally by the OECD results in a significant increase of information provided by tax authorities for use in compliance and enforcement activities. Automatic exchange of information results in significantly more data being shared with tax authorities than exchange of information on request. There have been more than 370,000 exchanges of information on request by OECD members since 2009. In
3240-637: The EU, AEOI is governed by the Directive on Administrative Co-operation in the field of Taxation (2011/16) (commonly referred to as 'the DAC'). Since 2011, the DAC has been amended 7 times to increase the scope of AEOI, as well as an amendment to the Regulation on Administrative Co-operation in VAT matters to add additional AEOI on EU payments . Of the 9 measures introduced by the EU, 6 are aligned to OECD measures. In other areas,
3321-541: The Grenadines , Saudi Arabia , Singapore , Sint Maarten , Turkey , Switzerland , United Arab Emirates , Uruguay , Vanuatu Starting to report in 2024: Ukraine . The OECD maintains a full list of participants, which includes details of primary legislation, guidance and other relevant information. Of the 154 countries which have signed on the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes ,
Common Reporting Standard - Misplaced Pages Continue
3402-684: The MCAA in Paris in January 2018 joining the CRS MCAA as the 98th jurisdiction. In the United States, a different cross-border tax compliance approach is promoted through the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA). The U.S. receives information relating to US citizens' accounts from many countries due to the compliance requirements of the FATCA . The United States, in many cases, will reciprocate by sharing banking data with countries for accounts which their citizens hold in
3483-581: The Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement (MCAA), to automatically exchange information based on Article 6 of the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters The agreement specifies the details of what information will be exchanged and when, as set out in the Standard. As of July 2015, 53 jurisdictions had signed the agreement to automatically exchange information; As of July 2016 83 jurisdictions had signed
3564-454: The OECD members also agreed a substantial number of changes to the CRS regime itself, designed to improve compliance. The information and its exchange format are governed by a detailed standard, whose details are listed in a 44-page long document. Each participating country will annually automatically exchange with the other country the below information in the case of Jurisdiction A with respect to each Jurisdiction B reportable account, and in
3645-1227: The OECD's minimum standards. Compliance with the Common Reporting Standard (CRS) can be challenging for financial institutions, resulting in common reporting errors that may incur penalties. Key categories of CRS errors include: Frequent errors include missing Tax Identification Numbers (TINs), incomplete dates of birth, and outdated account holder details. Regular data review and implementing procedures to solicit missing information are essential for accuracy. Misclassifying account holders, such as passive NFEs as active NFEs, disrupts compliance. Detailed, consistent classification protocols and quality control checks are recommended to mitigate these issues. Data formatting issues, including XML schema errors, invalid characters, and incorrect date formats, often lead to report rejections. Using XML validation tools and enforcing standards for character encoding and date formats can minimize these errors. Misunderstandings regarding reporting thresholds and applicable exemptions often result in non-compliance. Regular audits, comprehensive staff training, and automated checks are crucial to ensure accurate interpretation and application of CRS requirements. The European Union adopted
3726-624: The St. Martin tournament in November 2006 and semi-finalists in 2007, 2008, 2009 and Champions in 2010. The Eels were formed in 2006 by Scottish club national second row Martin Welsh, Club Sponsor and President of the AERFC Ms. Jacquie Ruan, and Canadian standout Scrumhalf Mark Harris (Toronto Scottish RFC). Anguilla is the birthplace of sprinter Zharnel Hughes who has represented Great Britain since 2015, and England at
3807-467: The Standard is the 'self-certification' of tax residence, which is required to be completed by all individuals and most entities who open an 'in scope' financial account. Financial accounts are generally in scope where they represent assets of the individual or entity - such as banks accounts, investments in bonds or equities, or investments into collective investment vehicles. Loans, credit cards and other financial products are not in scope for reporting. As
3888-582: The U.S., but not automatically, as is required by the U.S. in FATCA. In 2023, the Common Reporting Standard and the related MCAA became part of the International Standards for Automatic Exchange of Information in Tax Matters. That new agreement primarily reflects the agreement by the OECD of a new exchange of information standard applicable to crypto-assets, the Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework , commonly referred to as CARF. However,
3969-506: The UK have already implemented these rules as part of an amendment to the Directive on Administrative Co-operation in the field of Taxation (2011/16) . Exchange of Information#Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI) International exchange of information rules shares many similarities with domestic tax information reporting , such as the United States' Form 1099 regime. However, rules are set on an international level; in recent years exchange of information efforts have been led by
4050-473: The United States, United Kingdom, St Kitts & Nevis , the Dominican Republic , and Jamaica . The years 2006 and 2007 saw an influx of large numbers of Chinese, Indian and Mexican workers, brought in as labour for major tourist developments due to the local population not being large enough to support the labour requirements. Christian churches did not have a consistent or strong presence during
4131-532: The agreement. All European Union (EU) countries, China, India, Hong Kong, Russia and 109 countries altogether have agreed to become signatories. Yet many countries will not participate in the automatic information exchange. Many of those that have not signed are small countries. In April 2016, shortly after the release of the controversial Panama papers , Panama adopted the Multilateral Competent Authorities Agreement (MCAA) and signed
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#17328477896814212-605: The case of Jurisdiction B with respect to each Jurisdiction A reportable account: Like FATCA, the Standard requires all financial institutions operating in a country to apply specified due diligence procedures to customers to determine the customers' country or countries of tax residence. Financial institutions typically include all banks and asset managers, as well as certain insurance companies. Those financial institutions then report information to their domestic tax authority annually in advance of 30 September, for onward exchange with other jurisdictions. The key compliance tool used by
4293-645: The following countries have not signed on to the CRS: (Incomplete list as of June 2017) Armenia , Azerbaijan , Botswana , Burkina Faso , Cameroon , Chad , Côte d’Ivoire , Djibouti , Dominican Republic , Ecuador , Egypt , El Salvador , Gabon , Guatemala , Guyana , Jamaica , Kenya , Kingdom of Lesotho , Liberia , Maldives , Mauritania , Moldova , Morocco , Niger , Nigeria , Papua New Guinea , Paraguay , Peru , Philippines , North Macedonia , Senegal , Tanzania , Togo , Tunisia , Uganda , United States . (List as of June 2019) 59 countries have not signed
4374-567: The identification of the linguistic origins of those forced migrants who arrived before 1710: the Gold Coast , the Slave Coast and the Windward Coast . Sociohistorical information from Anguilla's archives suggest that Africans and Europeans formed two distinct, but perhaps overlapping speech communities in the early phases of the island's colonisation. "Anguillian" is believed to have emerged as
4455-406: The initial period of English colonisation; spiritual and religious practices of Europeans and Africans tended to reflect their regional origins. As early as 1813, Christian ministers formally ministered to enslaved Africans and promoted literacy among converts. The Wesleyan (Methodist) Missionary Society of England built churches and schools from 1817. According to the 2001 census, Christianity
4536-463: The introduction of the US FATCA regime: "... a $ 7.8 billion to $ 15.3 billion decrease in equity foreign portfolio investment to the United States from tax haven countries after FATCA implementation, consistent with a decrease in “roundtripping” investments attributable to U.S. investors’ offshore tax evasion. When testing total worldwide investment out of financial accounts in tax havens post FATCA, we find
4617-572: The island and declared their separation from St Kitts following a referendum . The events, led by Atlin Harrigan and Ronald Webster among others, became known as the Anguillan Revolution; its goal was not independence per se, but rather independence from Saint Kitts and Nevis and a return to being a British colony. With negotiations failing to break the deadlock, a second referendum confirming Anguillans' desire for separation from St Kitts
4698-602: The island and have impacted the formalities of the Anguillan people. Restaurants such as Dolce Vita and Roy's Bayside Grill, located in Sandy Ground, represent the European culture assimilating within the island. Similar to nearby islands, Anguillans geography and location require a cultural reliance on the ocean. The island's abundance of sea life has led to the incorporation of many fish and crustacean into daily life. They have become
4779-513: The island is the responsibility of the Royal Anguilla Police Force . The majority of residents (90.08%) are of West African ancestry, most of whom are the descendants of enslaved people transported from Africa. Minorities include whites at 3.74% and people of mixed race at 4.65% (figures from 2001 census). Of the population, 72% is Anguillan while 28% is non-Anguillan (2001 census). Of the non-Anguillan population, many are citizens of
4860-457: The island, such as soca and calypso , but reggae most deeply roots itself in Anguillan society. Anguilla has produced many artists and groups in this genre. Reggae has shown itself to be the most popular genre in Anguilla. The most successful of reggae artists originating in Anguilla come from the Banks family. Bankie "Banx" and his son Omari Banks have had many chart-topping songs listened to around
4941-431: The island. Anguilla was first settled by Indigenous Amerindian peoples who migrated from South America. The earliest Native American artefacts found on Anguilla have been dated to around 1300 BC; remains of settlements date from AD 600. There are two known petroglyph sites in Anguilla: Big Spring and Fountain Cavern. The rock ledges of Big Spring contain over 100 petroglyphs (dating back to AD 600–1200),
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#17328477896815022-486: The island. Today most people in Anguilla speak a British-influenced variety of standard English. Other languages are also spoken on the island, including varieties of Spanish, Chinese and the languages of other immigrant communities. However, the most common language other than Standard English is the island's own English- lexifier Creole language (not to be confused with Antillean Creole ('French Creole'), spoken in French islands such as Martinique and Guadeloupe ). It
5103-435: The island. Boat racing has deep roots in Anguillan culture and is the national sport. There are regular sailing regattas on national holidays, such as Carnival, which are contested by locally built and designed boats. These boats have names and have sponsors that print their logo on their sails. As in many other former British colonies , cricket is also a popular sport. Anguilla is the home of Omari Banks , who played for
5184-408: The language of the masses as time passed, slavery was abolished and locals began to see themselves as "belonging" to Anguillan society. There are six government primary schools, one government secondary school ( Albena Lake Hodge Comprehensive School ), and two private schools. There is a single library, the Edison L. Hughes Education & Library Complex of the Anguilla Public Library. A branch of
5265-401: The majority consisting of three indentations that form faces. Precisely when Anguilla was first seen by Europeans is uncertain: some sources claim that Columbus sighted the island during his second voyage in 1493, while others state that the first European explorer was the French Huguenot nobleman and merchant René Goulaine de Laudonnière in 1564. The Dutch West India Company established
5346-527: The offshore patrol vessel HMS Medway long-term to the Caribbean for patrol and sovereignty protection duties. In October 2023, the destroyer HMS Dauntless (which had temporarily replaced Medway on her normal Caribbean tasking), visited the territory in order to assist local authorities in preparing for the climax of the hurricane season. Anguilla had a small marine police force, comprising around 32 personnel, which operated one VT Halmatic M160-class 16-metre (52 ft) fast patrol boat . Policing on
5427-411: The period from July to November. The island suffered damage from Hurricane Luis in 1995, severe flooding 5 to 20 feet (1.5 to 6 metres) from Hurricane Lenny in 1999 and severe damage from Hurricane Irma in 2017, which remains the most powerful hurricane to hit the island. Anguilla is an internally self-governing overseas territory of the United Kingdom. Its politics take place in a framework of
5508-427: The preservation of the island's history. In 2015, Where I See The Sun – Contemporary Poetry in Anguilla A New Anthology by Lasana M. Sekou was published by House of Nehesi Publishers. Among the forty three poets in the collection are Rita Celestine-Carty, Bankie Banx , John T. Harrigan, Patricia J. Adams , Fabian Fahie, Dr. Oluwakemi Linda Banks, and Reuel Ben Lewi. Various Caribbean musical genres are popular on
5589-548: The protection of privacy rights for clients of certain legal entities, such as trusts , where protection of sensitive financial information from public disclosure safeguards the beneficiaries against potential financial exploitation and ensures discretion in personal and family matters. Transparency groups have reacted in various ways, some of them criticising how developing countries were (not) considered and involved. Collecting and providing information can be so costly and difficult for developing countries obviating participation in
5670-475: The region in the early 17th century, such as slaves from Senegal living on St Kitts in the mid-1600s. By 1672 a slave depot existed on the island of Nevis , serving the Leeward Islands . While the time of African arrival in Anguilla is difficult to place precisely, archival evidence indicates a substantial African presence of at least 100 enslaved people by 1683; these seem to have come from Central Africa as well as West Africa. The slaves were forced to work on
5751-399: The sailboat races, and Lobster Fest. British festivities, such as the King's Birthday , are also celebrated. Music in Anguilla presents itself as an important part of its culture as well. All different genres of music are played at the celebrations mentioned above. This music represents the deep history of talent that Anguillans have displayed for decades. The Anguilla National Trust (ANT)
5832-438: The scheme. Instead of offering a period of non-reciprocity, where developing countries could simply receive financial data, the only mention of non-reciprocity agreements is catering to tax havens who do not receive information from other jurisdictions since they would have no use for it (such jurisdictions are still required to provide information under CRS). While tax havens will have to provide some information, they can use
5913-514: The sugar plantations which had begun to replace tobacco as Anguilla's main crop. Over time the African slaves and their descendants came to vastly outnumber the white settlers. The African slave trade was eventually terminated within the British Empire in 1807, and slavery outlawed completely in 1834. Many planters subsequently sold up or left the island. During the early colonial period, Anguilla
5994-621: The terms of the Treaty of Breda the next year. Major John Scott who visited in September 1667, wrote of leaving the island "in good condition" and noted that in July 1668, "200 or 300 people fled thither in time of war". The French attacked again in 1688, 1745 and 1798, causing much destruction but failing to capture the island. It is likely that the early European settlers brought enslaved Africans with them. Historians confirm that African slaves lived in
6075-511: The world. As a result of data privacy and extraterritorial concerns with the FATCA provisions, the US entered into more than 100 Intergovernmental Agreements with other countries in order to collect the information. That model served as the basis for the OECD to create the Common Reporting Standard , which was agreed in 2014 and has since been adopted or committed to by 120 countries globally. Global AEOI regimes include: Within
6156-420: The world. The two musicians continue to provide live performances across the island quite often. British Dependency has also gained popularity throughout the 21st century. The band, who began in Anguilla, boasts the island's first female bass player. Performing alongside The Wailers on tour, British Dependency have earned attention from an American audience. One of many musical events that take place in Anguilla
6237-492: Was administered by the British through Antigua; in 1825, it was placed under the administrative control of nearby Saint Kitts. Anguilla was federated with St Kitts and Nevis in 1882, against the wishes of many Anguillans. Economic stagnation, and the severe effects of several droughts in the 1890s and later the Great Depression of the 1930s led many Anguillans to emigrate for better prospects elsewhere. Full adult suffrage
6318-522: Was established in 1989 and opened its current office in 1991 charged with the responsibility of preserving the heritage of the island, including its cultural heritage. The Heritage Collection Museum used to showcase the history and artifacts of Anguilla, but in 2024 the collection was handed over to the Anguilla National Museum . Anguillan cuisine is influenced by native Caribbean, West African, Spanish, French, and English cuisines. Seafood
6399-565: Was held and the Republic of Anguilla was declared unilaterally, with Ronald Webster as president. Efforts by British envoy William Whitlock failed to break the impasse and 300 British troops were subsequently sent in March 1969 . British authority was restored, and confirmed by the Anguilla Act of July 1971. In 1980, Anguilla was finally allowed to formally secede from Saint Kitts and Nevis and become
6480-544: Was introduced to Anguilla in 1952. After a brief period as part of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962), the island of Anguilla became part of the associated state of Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla with full internal autonomy in 1967. However many Anguillans had no wish to be a part of this union, and resented the dominance of St Kitts within it. On 30 May 1967 Anguillans forcibly ejected the St Kitts police force from
6561-606: Was not effective in preventing tax evasion. In May 2014, forty-seven countries tentatively agreed on a "common reporting standard", formally referred to as the Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information : an agreement to share information on their residents' assets and income automatically in conformation with the standard. Endorsing countries included all 38 OECD countries , as well as Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, and South Africa. In September 2014,
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